| pcr-based identification of mat-1 and mat-2 in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex. | all sexually fertile strains in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex are heterothallic, with individual mating types conferred by the broadly conserved ascomycete idiomorphs mat-1 and mat-2. we sequenced both alleles from all eight mating populations, developed a multiplex pcr technique to distinguish these idiomorphs, and tested it with representative strains from all eight biological species and 22 additional species or phylogenetic lineages from this species complex. in most cases, either ... | 2000 | 11010886 |
| economic impact of hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) on spring wheat in oregon and additive yield losses with fusarium crown rot and lesion nematode. | damage caused by hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), was quantified in spring wheat, triticum aestivum l., trials near pendleton and moro, or, during 2001 and 2002. five field experiments were established to examine genetic resistance to fusarium crown rot, fusarium pseudograminearum (o'donnell & aoki), and economic damage by lesion nematode, pratylenchus neglectus (rensch, 1924) (filipjev schuurmanns & stekhoven, 1941) and pratylenchus thornei (sher & allen, 1941). hessian fly became the d ... | 2004 | 15154461 |
| the use of tri5 gene sequences for pcr detection and taxonomy of trichothecene-producing species in the fusarium section sporotrichiella. | purified dna from isolates of fusarium poae, fusarium sporotrichioides, fusarium kyushuense and fusarium langsethiae was used as a template to amplify a 658-bp fragment from the trichodiene synthase (tri5) gene of these fungi with the gene-specific pcr primer pair tox5-1/tox5-2. fragments obtained were isolated and sequenced. dna sequence alignments revealed high similarity between the sequences derived from f. sporotrichioides and f. langsethiae (98.7%) and less similarity between the latter sp ... | 2004 | 15337595 |
| an oligonucleotide microarray for the identification and differentiation of trichothecene producing and non-producing fusarium species occurring on cereal grain. | cereal grain may be infected with a number of fusarium species some of which are producers of highly toxic compounds such as the trichothecenes. correct identification of these species is essential for risk assessment of cereal grain for human or animal consumption. most of the available methods for identification are either time consuming or aimed at only one or a few target species. microarray technology offers parallel analysis of a high number of dna targets. in this study 57 capture oligonu ... | 2005 | 15823394 |
| species-specific pcr-based assays for the detection of fusarium species and a comparison with the whole seed agar plate method and trichothecene analysis. | species-specific pcr was used for the identification of nine fusarium species in pure mycelial culture. a pcr-based method was compared with the whole seed agar plate method and trichothecene analysis for three toxin-producing fusarium species using 85 grain samples of wheat, barley, oat, corn and rye. a simple sds-based dna extraction system followed by potassium acetate precipitation resulted in consistent pcr amplification of dna fragments from cultures and grain samples. the species-specific ... | 2005 | 16099312 |
| the pks4 gene of fusarium graminearum is essential for zearalenone production. | zearalenones are produced by several fusarium species and can cause reproductive problems in animals. some aurofusarin mutants of fusarium pseudograminearum produce elevated levels of zearalenone (zon), one of the estrogenic mycotoxins comprising the zearalenones. an analysis of transcripts from polyketide synthase genes identified in the fusarium graminearum database was carried out for these mutants. pks4 was the only gene with an enoyl reductase domain that had a higher level of transcription ... | 2006 | 16751498 |
| nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nps) genes in fusarium graminearum, f. culmorum and f. pseudograminearium and identification of nps2 as the producer of ferricrocin. | fungi have the potential to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites including polyketides and small peptides produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nps). fusarium graminearum is a mycotoxin producing pathogen of cereals and knowledge of the infection process is essential for the development of disease control. bioinformatics provide a means to identify genes encoding npss, the products of which may act as fungal virulence factors. the f. graminearum genome sequence was analysed and ... | 2007 | 17043871 |
| passage through alternative hosts changes the fitness of fusarium graminearum and fusarium pseudograminearum. | species of the necrotrophic fungal pathogen fusarium that cause head blight and crown rot of cereals including wheat also infect a number of alternative host plants. this raises the prospect of more damaging pathogen strains originating and persisting as highly successful saprophytes on hosts other than wheat. the immediate impact on pathogenic (aggressiveness) and saprophytic (growth rate and fecundity) behaviour of six isolates with low, moderate or high initial aggressiveness was examined in ... | 2007 | 17222149 |
| applying parallel factor analysis models to hplc diode array detector datasets reveals strain dependent regulation of polyketide biosynthesis in fusarium graminearum, fusarium culmorum and fusarium pseudograminearum. | fungal secondary metabolites confer an indiscriminate resource of bioactive compounds with both pharmaceutical and industrial relevance. synthesis of these compounds is tightly controlled through regulatory networks. these networks act in response to the environmental conditions in which the fungus grows. one class of fungal secondary metabolites that have drawn increased attention, is the polyketides produced by a high number of fungi and bacteria. the increasing number of publicly available ge ... | 2009 | 19591712 |
| identification and validation of a major qtl conferring crown rot resistance in hexaploid wheat. | crown rot (cr), caused by various fusarium species, is a chronic wheat disease in australia. as part of our objective of improving the efficiency of breeding cr resistant wheat varieties, we have been searching for novel sources of resistance. this paper reports on the genetic control of one of these newly identified resistant genotypes, 'cscr6'. a population derived from a cross between cscr6 and an australian variety 'lang' was analyzed using two fusarium isolates belonging to two different sp ... | 2010 | 20035314 |
| fusarium culmorum is a single phylogenetic species based on multilocus sequence analysis. | fusarium culmorum is a major pathogen of wheat and barley causing head blight and crown rot in cooler temperate climates of australia, europe, west asia and north africa. to better understand its evolutionary history we partially sequenced single copy nuclear genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-α (tef), reductase (red) and phosphate permease (pho) in 100 f. culmorum isolates with 11 isolates of fusarium crookwellense, fusarium graminearum and fusarium pseudograminearum. phylogenetic a ... | 2010 | 20943185 |
| identification of 11 polymorphic simple sequence repeat loci in the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium pseudograminearum as a tool for genetic studies. | simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers for fusarium pseudograminearum with 2 to 3 bp repeat motifs were identified by screening the genome database of the related species fusarium graminearum. twelve ssrs amplified single loci in both f. graminearum and f. pseudograminearum. forty f. pseudograminearum and six f. graminearum individual isolates were screened to determine levels of polymorphism, with all ssrs displaying three to 14 alleles across all isolates. eleven ssrs were polymorphic across f. ... | 2008 | 21585853 |
| identification of the scopularide biosynthetic gene cluster in scopulariopsis brevicaulis. | scopularide a is a promising potent anticancer lipopeptide isolated from a marine derived scopulariopsis brevicaulis strain. the compound consists of a reduced carbon chain (3-hydroxy-methyldecanoyl) attached to five amino acids (glycine, l-valine, d-leucine, l-alanine, and l-phenylalanine). using the newly sequenced s. brevicaulis genome we were able to identify the putative biosynthetic gene cluster using genetic information from the structurally related emericellamide a from aspergillus nidul ... | 2015 | 26184239 |
| the effects of different yeast extracts on secondary metabolite production in fusarium. | yeast extract is an important constituent in several media used for metabolite profiling of filamentous fungi. the nutrient composition can vary between brands and thereby influence production of secondary metabolites, which can be regulated in response to nitrogen, carbon and ph. in the present study we examined the production of known secondary metabolites in fusarium pseudograminearum, fusarium graminearum, fusarium avenaceum and fusarium fujikuroi and in each species we identified several se ... | 2014 | 24291181 |
| essential oil composition, phytotoxic and antifungal activities of ruta chalepensis l. leaves from high atlas mountains (morocco). | this study aimed at the determination of chemical composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation, and to evaluate their phytotoxic and antifungal activities. leaves of ruta chalepensis l. were collected from the region of tensift al haouz (high atlas mountains) marrakech, morocco. the essential oil (oil yield is 0.56%) was analysed by gc-fid and gc/ms. twenty-two compounds were identified and accounted for 92.4% of the total oil composition. the major components were undecan-2-one (4 ... | 2014 | 25109925 |
| tri12 based quantitative real-time pcr assays reveal the distribution of trichothecene genotypes of f. graminearum and f. culmorum isolates in danish small grain cereals. | quantitative real-time pcr assays, based on polymorphisms in the tri12 gene of the trichothecene pathway, were developed to identify and quantify the trichothecene genotypes producing 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3adon), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15adon) or nivalenol (niv) in the fusarium graminearum species complex, fusarium culmorum, fusarium cerealis and fusarium pseudograminearum. these assays were applied on a total of 378 field samples of cereal grain of wheat, barley, triticale, rye and oats ... | 2012 | 22781579 |
| fitness of three fusarium pathogens of wheat. | crown rot and head blight of wheat are caused by the same fusarium species. to better understand their biology, this study has compared 30 isolates of the three dominant species using 13 pathogenic and saprophytic fitness measures including aggressiveness for the two diseases, saprophytic growth and fecundity and deoxynivalenol (don) production from saprophytic colonization of grain and straw. pathogenic fitness was generally linked to don production in infected tissue. the superior crown rot fi ... | 2012 | 22500915 |
| genome sequences of six wheat-infecting fusarium species isolates. | fusarium pathogens represent a major constraint to wheat and barley production worldwide. to facilitate future comparative studies of fusarium species that are pathogenic to wheat, the genome sequences of four fusarium pseudograminearum isolates, a single fusarium acuminatum isolate, and an organism from the fusarium incarnatum-f. equiseti species complex are reported. | 2013 | 24009115 |
| the fdb3 transcription factor of the fusarium detoxification of benzoxazolinone gene cluster is required for mboa but not boa degradation in fusarium pseudograminearum. | a number of cereals produce the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins. fusarium species pathogenic towards these hosts can typically degrade these compounds via an aminophenol intermediate, and the ability to do so is encoded by a group of genes found in the fusarium detoxification of benzoxazolinone (fdb) cluster. a zinc finger transcription factor encoded by one of the fdb cluster genes (fdb3) has been proposed to regulate the expression of other genes in the cluster and hence is potentially i ... | 2016 | 26828593 |
| degradation of the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins is important for virulence of fusarium pseudograminearum towards wheat. | wheat, maize, rye and certain other agriculturally important species in the poaceae family produce the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins on pest and pathogen attack. benzoxazolinones can inhibit the growth of pathogens. however, certain fungi can actively detoxify these compounds. despite this, a clear link between the ability to detoxify benzoxazolinones and pathogen virulence has not been shown. here, through comparative genome analysis of several fusarium species, we have identified a con ... | 2015 | 25727347 |
| a γ-lactamase from cereal infecting fusarium spp. catalyses the first step in the degradation of the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins. | the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins are released by wheat, maize, rye and other agriculturally important species in the poaceae family upon pathogen attack. benzoxazolinones show antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens, but certain fungi have evolved mechanisms to actively detoxify these compounds which may contribute to the virulence of the pathogens. in many fusarium spp. a cluster of genes is thought to be involved in the detoxification of benzoxazolinones. however, only one enzyme enc ... | 2015 | 26296598 |
| identification of the biosynthetic gene clusters for the lipopeptides fusaristatin a and w493 b in fusarium graminearum and f. pseudograminearum. | the closely related species fusarium graminearum and fusarium pseudograminearum differ in that each contains a gene cluster with a polyketide synthase (pks) and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) that is not present in the other species. to identify their products, we deleted pks6 and nrps7 in f. graminearum and nrps32 in f. pseudograminearum. by comparing the secondary metabolite profiles of the strains we identified the resulting product in f. graminearum as fusaristatin a, and as w493 a ... | 2014 | 25412204 |
| a high-resolution genetic map of the cereal crown rot pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum provides a near-complete genome assembly. | fusarium pseudograminearum is an important pathogen of wheat and barley, particularly in semi-arid environments. previous genome assemblies for this organism were based entirely on short read data and are highly fragmented. in this work, a genetic map of f. pseudograminearum has been constructed for the first time based on a mapping population of 178 individuals. the genetic map, together with long read scaffolding of a short read-based genome assembly, was used to give a near-complete assembly ... | 2016 | 27888554 |
| the cereal pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum produces a new class of active cytokinins during infection. | the fungal pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum causes important diseases of wheat and barley. during a survey of secondary metabolites produced by this fungus, a novel class of cytokinins, herein termed fusarium cytokinins, was discovered. cytokinins are known for their growth promoting and anti-senescence activities and the production of a cytokinin mimic by what was once considered a necrotrophic pathogen that promotes cell death and senescence challenges the simple view that this pathogen inv ... | 2017 | 28802024 |
| the defence-associated transcriptome of hexaploid wheat displays homoeolog expression and induction bias. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an allopolyploid species containing three ancestral genomes. therefore, three homoeologous copies exist for the majority of genes in the wheat genome. whether different homoeologs are differentially expressed (homoeolog expression bias) in response to biotic and abiotic stresses is poorly understood. in this study, we applied a rna-seq approach to analyse homoeolog-specific global gene expression patterns in wheat during infection by the fungal pathogen fusa ... | 0 | 27735125 |
| comparative pathogenomics reveals horizontally acquired novel virulence genes in fungi infecting cereal hosts. | comparative analyses of pathogen genomes provide new insights into how pathogens have evolved common and divergent virulence strategies to invade related plant species. fusarium crown and root rots are important diseases of wheat and barley world-wide. in australia, these diseases are primarily caused by the fungal pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum. comparative genomic analyses showed that the f. pseudograminearum genome encodes proteins that are present in other fungal pathogens of cereals bu ... | 0 | 23028337 |
| predicting cereal root disease in western australia using soil dna and environmental parameters. | root diseases have long been prevalent in australian grain-growing regions, and most management decisions to reduce the risk of yield loss need to be implemented before the crop is sown. the levels of pathogens that cause the major root diseases can be measured using dna-based services such as predicta b. although these pathogens are often studied individually, in the field they often occur as mixed populations and their combined effect on crop production is likely to vary across diverse croppin ... | 2015 | 25822184 |
| the fusarium crown rot pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum triggers a suite of transcriptional and metabolic changes in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fusarium crown rot caused by the fungal pathogen fusarium pseudograminearum is a disease of wheat and barley, bearing significant economic cost. efforts to develop effective resistance to this disease have been hampered by the quantitative nature of resistance and a lack of understanding of the factors associated with resistance and susceptibility. here, we aimed to dissect transcriptional responses triggered in wheat by f. pseudograminearum infection. | 2017 | 27941094 |
| changing fitness of a necrotrophic plant pathogen under increasing temperature. | warmer temperatures associated with climate change are expected to have a direct impact on plant pathogens, challenging crops and altering plant disease profiles in the future. in this study, we have investigated the effect of increasing temperature on the pathogenic fitness of fusarium pseudograminearum, an important necrotrophic plant pathogen associated with crown rot disease of wheat in australia. eleven wheat lines with different levels of crown rot resistance were artificially inoculated w ... | 2015 | 25767051 |
| markers for seedling and adult plant crown rot resistance in four partially resistant bread wheat sources. | qtl identified for seedling and adult plant crown rot resistance in four partially resistant hexaploid wheat sources. pcr-based markers identified for use in marker-assisted selection. crown rot, caused by fusarium pseudograminearum, is an important disease of wheat in many wheat-growing regions globally. complete resistance to infection by f. pseudograminearum has not been observed in a wheat host, but germplasm with partial resistance to this pathogen has been identified. the partially resista ... | 2015 | 25471673 |
| effect of climate on the distribution of fusarium spp. causing crown rot of wheat in the pacific northwest of the united states. | fusarium crown rot (fcr) is one of the most widespread root and crown diseases of wheat in the pacific northwest (pnw) of the united states. our objectives were to characterize crown rot severity and distribution throughout the pnw by conducting a survey of 210 fields covering the diverse dryland wheat-producing areas of washington and oregon and to utilize a factor analysis statistical approach to determine the effects of climate and geography on species distribution and disease severity. clima ... | 2013 | 24102211 |
| identification and characterization of a novel iraqi isolate of fusarium pseudograminearum causing crown rot in wheat. | crown rot is one of the main important fungal diseases affecting wheat in many areas of the world, including australia, usa, and iran. until now, there had been no report of this pathogen in iraq. plants displaying crown rot symptoms were observed in shaat alarab (basra, iraq); we investigated the causal agent of the disease. samples were surface-sterilized in bleach (1% available chlorine) and cultured on quarter-strength potato dextrose agar plates. dna was extracted from fungal mycelia, using ... | 2012 | 22653580 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for resistance to fusarium crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) in multiple assay environments in the pacific northwestern us. | fusarium crown rot (fcr), caused by fusarium pseudograminearum and f. culmorum, reduces wheat (triticum aestivum l.) yields in the pacific northwest (pnw) of the us by as much as 35%. resistance to fcr has not yet been discovered in currently grown pnw wheat cultivars. several significant quantitative trait loci (qtl) for fcr resistance have been documented on chromosomes 1a, 1d, 2b, 3b, and 4b in resistant australian cultivars. our objective was to identify qtl and tightly linked ssr markers fo ... | 2012 | 22366812 |
| pyramiding qtl increases seedling resistance to crown rot (fusarium pseudograminearum) of wheat (triticum aestivum). | crown rot of wheat (triticum aestivum), predominantly caused by the fungus fusarium pseudograminearum, has become an increasingly important disease constraint in many winter cereal production regions in australia. our group has previously identified a range of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for partial resistance to crown rot in various bread wheat sources. here, we report on work that has assessed the effectiveness of pyramiding qtl to improve resistance to crown rot. two doubled haploid populat ... | 2010 | 20198470 |
| genetic structure of fusarium pseudograminearum populations from the australian grain belt. | crown rot, caused by the fungus fusarium pseudograminearum (teleomorph gibberella coronicola) is a major disease of wheat in the australian grain belt. however, there is little information available on the population structure of this pathogen. we measured genetic diversity as assessed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis within and between populations of f. pseudograminearum from northeastern, south central, and southwestern regions of the australian grain belt. amongst t ... | 2008 | 18943202 |
| sexual compatibility in fusarium pseudograminearum (gibberella coronicola). | numerous pathogenic fusarium species have well-characterized sexual cycles, whereas others, including the crown rot fungus f. pseudograminearum, do not. we conducted studies to elucidate the potential frequency and nature of sexual reproduction in field populations of f. pseudograminearum and developed tester strains for controlled crossings under laboratory conditions. studies on the role of sexual recombination in the life cycle of f. pseudograminearum revealed apparently low levels of female ... | 2008 | 18694636 |
| incidence of crown rot disease of wheat caused by fusarium pseudograminearum as a new soil born fungal species in north west iran. | root rot and crown rot is one of the main important fungal diseases on wheat in north west iran. the disease was studied during 1999-2004 growing seasons in four provinces including qazvin, zanjan, east azarbyjan and ardabil. different wheat fields in the areas studied were visited and samples of the plants showing symptoms like chlorosis, withering, whiting of spikes, growth reduction and white heads were collected and transferred to the laboratory. samples were surface sterilized with sodium h ... | 2007 | 19093469 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of fusarium pseudograminearum reveals a single phylogenetic species. | fusarium pseudograminearum causes crown rot of wheat in australia and most other wheat growing regions, but its evolutionary history is largely unknown. we demonstrate for the first time that f. pseudograminearum is a single phylogenetic species without consistent lineage development across genes. isolates of f. pseudograminearum, f. graminearum sensu lato, and f. cerealis, were collected from four countries and four single copy, nuclear genes were partially sequenced, aligned with previously pu ... | 2006 | 17123809 |
| genetic diversity and recombination within populations of fusarium pseudograminearum from western canada. | genetic diversity within populations of fusarium pseudograminearum isolated from wheat grains from the canadian provinces of alberta and saskatchewan was investigated. three restriction enzymes (ecori, haeiii, and psti) were used to carry out restriction analysis of the nuclear ribosomal dna (nrdna) intergenic spacer region (igs region) and eight primers were used to generate inter-simple sequence-repeat (issr) molecular markers. our study indicated substantially high genetic diversity within th ... | 2006 | 16636992 |