| isolation and identification of group b arboviruses from the blood of birds captured in czechoslovakia. | three west nile (wn) virus strains were isolated from the blood of birds (tringa ochropus, vanellus vanellus and streptopenia turtur) captured in south slovakia. one strain of tick-borne encephalitis (te) virus was isolated from the blood of tringa ochropus captured in south moravia. | 1975 | 239564 |
| [characterization of campylobacter spp. from wild birds]. | bacteria of the genus campylobacter were isolated from 28 rooks (corvus frugilegus), 1 red kite (milvus milvus), 1 lapwing (vanellus vanellus), 1 coot (fulica atra), 1 common moorhen (gallinula chloropus) and 1 northern mallard (anas platyrhynchos). altogether, c. jejuni biovar 1, was isolated 19x, c. jejuni biovar 2 8x and c. coli 5x. among c. jejuni biovar 1 and 2 there were 5 isolates tolerating a content of 1.5% nacl in the medium. h2s proof of 3 c. jejuni biovar 2 and 1 c. coli isolates res ... | 1989 | 2930449 |
| gas conductance and metabolism of shorebird eggs: variation within and between species. | fresh egg mass (m0; g), water vapor conductance of the egg shell (gh2o; mg.[torr.d]-1), and neonate mass (mn; g) were measured in the ruff (philomachus pugnax), common redshank (tringa totanus), northern lapwing (vanellus vanellus), black-tailed godwit (limosa limosa), and eurasian curlew (numenius arquata). in addition, the development of embryonic o2 consumption (mo2; ml.d-1) and co2 production (mco2; ml.d-1) were measured in these species, except the ruff. in northern lapwing and black-tailed ... | 1995 | 7777710 |
| ecological constraints on breeding system evolution: the influence of habitat on brood desertion in kentish plover. | 1. one of the fundamental insights of behavioural ecology is that resources influence breeding systems. for instance, when food resources are plenty, one parent is able to care for the young on its own, so that the other parent can desert and became polygamous. we investigated this hypothesis in the context of classical polyandry when females may have several mates within a single breeding season, and parental duties are carried out largely by the male. 2. we studied a precocial wader, the kenti ... | 2006 | 16903063 |
| interspecific differences in concentrations and congener profiles of chlorinated and brominated organic pollutants in three insectivorous bird species. | we investigated the accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in eggs of three insectivorous bird species, the great tit (parus major), the northern lapwing (vanellus vanellus) and the mediterranean gull (larus melanocephalus), near the harbour of antwerp (belgium). our results show that lapwing eggs had the highest median concentrations of pcbs (4358 ng/g lw) and pbdes (109 ng/g lw). mediterranean gulls feed dur ... | 2009 | 18947874 |
| neospora caninum in wild waterfowl: occurrence of parasite dna and low antibody titers. | thirty-five adult waterfowl (14 males and 21 females) representing various orders and species were sampled during the hunting season from 2015 to 2016. antibodies to neospora caninum were detected by ifat on blood samples, while heart and brain were subjected to molecular analysis for the detection of neospora caninum dna. twelve birds (34.3%) (6 anas crecca , 3 anas platyrhynchos , 2 anas penelope , 1 anas acuta ) showed antibodies versus n. caninum , while 10 animals out of 35 (4 a. crecca , 2 ... | 2017 | 27805842 |
| sphaerirostris wertheimae sp. n., and other acanthocephala from vertebrates of israel. | sphaerirostris wertheimae sp. n., is described from burhinus oedicnemus and vanellus vanellus in israel. it is characterized by having 42 to 50 longitudinal rows of 12 to 14 hooks, the largest of which are 44 to 56 mu long. seventeen species of acanthocephala are reported from birds, mammals, and a reptile. | 1975 | 1127557 |
| threat-sensitive anti-predator defence in precocial wader, the northern lapwing vanellus vanellus. | birds exhibit various forms of anti-predator behaviours to avoid reproductive failure, with mobbing-observation, approach and usually harassment of a predator-being one of the most commonly observed. here, we investigate patterns of temporal variation in the mobbing response exhibited by a precocial species, the northern lapwing (vanellus vanellus). we test whether brood age and self-reliance, or the perceived risk posed by various predators, affect mobbing response of lapwings. we quantified ag ... | 2016 | 27738383 |
| why do distress calls evoke interspecific responses? an experimental study applied to some species of birds. | distress calls of birds are well-known to elicit interspecific responses when they are broadcast to different species. we suggest that the interspecificity phenomenon results from the use of similar laws of decoding by all species. to support this hypothesis, we broadcast a simplified synthetic call to five species of birds (larus argentatus, l. ridibundus, vanellus vanellus, corvus frugilegus and sturnus vulgaris). this synthetic call was built by keeping all the parameters involved in the proc ... | 1991 | 24897723 |
| trematodes from the northern lapwing, vanellus vanellus (charadriidae), from central germany. | seventy-five previously frozen northern lapwings, vanellus vanellus (linnaeus, 1758) were dissected and examined for trematodes. the available birds were euthanized after suffering severe injuries from a hail storm. trematode specimens were found in the air sacs, body cavities and kidneys. they were cleared, stained in alaun-carmine and examined via light microscopy. trematodes were assigned to two different families and three different species: uvitellina vanelli and selfcoelum sp. from the fam ... | 2017 | 27878390 |
| different temperature and cooling patterns at the blunt and sharp egg poles reflect the arrangement of eggs in an avian clutch. | incubation is an energetically demanding process during which birds apply heat to their eggs to ensure embryonic development. parent behaviours such as egg turning and exchanging the outer and central eggs in the nest cup affect the amount of heat lost to the environment from individual eggs. little is known, however, about whether and how egg surface temperature and cooling rates vary among the different areas of an egg and how the arrangement of eggs within the clutch influences heat loss. we ... | 2015 | 25658846 |
| high levels of pfos in eggs of three bird species in the neighbourhood of a fluoro-chemical plant. | we studied perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) levels in the eggs of three primarily invertivorous bird species sampled in 2006 near a fluoro-chemical plant: the great tit (parus major), the northern lapwing (vanellus vanellus) and the mediterranean gull (larus melanocephalus). our study reported some of the highest pfos levels ever measured in wildlife to date (i.e. up to 46182ng/g ww in lapwing eggs). a pronounced decrease in pfos concentration in the northern lapwing eggs with distance from the ... | 2017 | 28135663 |
| validation of the doubly labeled water method in growing precocial birds: the importance of assumptions concerning evaporative water loss. | the doubly labeled water (dlw) method was validated against respiration gas analysis in growing precocial chicks of the black-tailed godwit (limosa limosa) and the northern lapwing (vanellus vanellus). to calculate the rate of co2 production from dlw measurements, lifson and mcclintock's equations (6) and (35) were employed, as well as speakman's equation (7.17) (all single-pool models). the average errors obtained with the first two equations (+7.2% and -11.6%, respectively) differed significan ... | 2015 | 10603338 |
| predation on artificial, solitary and aggregated wader nests on farmland. | predation rates on artificial wader nests, solitary curlew (numenius arquata) and lapwing (vanellus vanellus) nests and lapwing nests in colonies were studied on a farmland site in central sweden. predation rates were highest on artificial wader nests, intermediate on solitary curlew and lapwing nests and lowest on lapwing nests in colonies, probably because of active defence of adults at real nests and/or because of selection of nest sites with lower predation risk by breeding birds. a comparis ... | 1996 | 28307262 |
| a methodological approach to identify cheap and accurate indicators for biodiversity assessment: application to grazing management and two grassland bird species. | in response to environmental threats, numerous indicators have been developed to assess the impact of livestock farming systems on the environment. some of them, notably those based on management practices have been reported to have low accuracy. this paper reports the results of a study aimed at assessing whether accuracy can be increased at a reasonable cost by mixing individual indicators into models. we focused on proxy indicators representing an alternative to the direct impact measurement ... | 2010 | 22444254 |
| investigating rates of hunting and survival in declining european lapwing populations. | understanding effects of harvest on population dynamics is of major interest, especially for declining species. european lapwing vanellus vanellus populations increased from the 1960s until the 1980s and declined strongly thereafter. about 400,000 lapwings are harvested annually and it is thus of high conservation relevance to assess whether hunting was a main cause for the observed changes in lapwing population trends. we developed a multi-event cause-specific mortality model which we applied t ... | 2017 | 27685660 |
| minimizing the cost of locomotion with inclined trunk predicts crouched leg kinematics of small birds at realistic levels of elastic recoil. | small birds move with pronograde trunk orientation and crouched legs. although the pronograde trunk has been suggested to be beneficial for grounded running, the cause(s) of the specific leg kinematics are unknown. here we show that three charadriiform bird species (northern lapwing, oystercatcher, and avocet; great examples of closely related species that differ remarkably in their hind limb design) move their leg segments during stance in a way that minimizes the cost of locomotion. we imposed ... | 2016 | 26643087 |
| kin selection and polygyny: can relatedness lower the polygyny threshold? | resource polygyny incurs costs of having to share breeding resources for female breeders. when breeding with a relative, however, such costs may be lessened by indirect fitness benefits through kin selection, while benefits from mutualistic behaviour, such as communal defence, may increase. if so, females should be less resistant to sharing a territory with a related female than with a non-related one. we investigated whether kin selection may lower the threshold of breeding polygynously, predic ... | 2015 | 26543568 |
| mixed gaits in small avian terrestrial locomotion. | scientists have historically categorized gaits discretely (e.g. regular gaits such as walking, running). however, previous results suggest that animals such as birds might mix or regularly or stochastically switch between gaits while maintaining a steady locomotor speed. here, we combined a novel and completely automated large-scale study (over one million frames) on motions of the center of mass in several bird species (quail, oystercatcher, northern lapwing, pigeon, and avocet) with numerical ... | 2015 | 26333477 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of vanellus vanellus (charadriiformes: charadriidae). | the northern lapwing, vanellus vanellus (charadriiformes: charadriidae), is commonly found in temperate eurasia. in this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of v. vanellus has been determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method using 13 primer pairs. it was a circular molecule with 16,795 bp in length which contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rnas, 22 transfer rnas and a control region. the composition and gene order are similar to most other vertebrates. there are 28 genes ... | 2016 | 25329259 |
| kinematics and center of mass mechanics during terrestrial locomotion in northern lapwings (vanellus vanellus, charadriiformes). | avian bipedalism is best studied in derived walking/running specialists. here, we use kinematics and center of mass (com) mechanical energy patterns to investigate gait transitions of lapwings-migratory birds that forage on the ground, and therefore may need a trade-off between the functional demands of terrestrial locomotion and long distance flights. the animals ran on a treadmill while high-speed x-ray videos were recorded within the sustainable speed range. instantaneous com mechanics were c ... | 2012 | 22927254 |
| parental investment, reproductive success and polygyny in the lapwing, vanellus vanellus. | we studied the consequences of monogamy and polygyny for male and female lapwings at a site in northern england between 1993 and 1995. males and females differed in breeding behaviour, and thus the pattern of reproductive investment: males contributed less time than females to the care of their offspring and more time to mating behaviour. we argue that this has resulted from sexual selection. reproductive behaviour was similar in monogamous and polygynous individuals of both sexes. male mating s ... | 1998 | 9819332 |
| aggression among female lapwings, vanellus vanellus | social monogamy is the most common pair bond in birds and one hypothesis for its prevalence is that already mated females ('residents') prevent other females from establishing a pair bond with their mates ('competition for male parental care' hypothesis). to investigate this hypothesis we experimentally induced aggressive behaviour in resident female lapwings by presenting a female dummy conspecific, and a male dummy as control, near their nests. females attacked both dummies. however, the femal ... | 1997 | 9344433 |
| parental quality and egg size affect chick survival in a precocial bird, the lapwing vanellus vanellus. | effects of egg size and parental quality on lapwing vanellus vanellus chick survival were studied in southwestern sweden over 6 years. chicks from large eggs were heavier at hatching and survived significantly better than those from small eggs. to control for the confounding effect of parental quality on egg size and chick survival, we performed a cross-fostering experiment during 2 years, exchanging clutches between nests with large and small eggs. in control clutches, chicks from large eggs su ... | 1997 | 28307464 |
| does intensive goose grazing affect breeding waders? | increasing goose population sizes gives rise to conflicts with human socioeconomic interests and in some circumstances conservation interests. grazing by high abundances of geese in grasslands is postulated to lead to a very short and homogeneous sward height negatively affecting cover for breeding meadow birds and impacting survival of nests and chicks. we studied the effects of spring grazing barnacle geese branta leucopsis and brent geese branta bernicla on occupancy of extensively farmed fre ... | 2019 | 31938537 |
| daily rhythms of female self-maintenance correlate with predation risk and male nest attendance in a biparental wader. | parents make tradeoffs between care for offspring and themselves. such a tradeoff should be reduced in biparental species, when both parents provide parental care. however, in some biparental species, the contribution of one sex varies greatly over time or between pairs. how this variation in parental care influences self-maintenance rhythms is often unclear. in this study, we used continuous video recording to investigate the daily rhythms of sleep and feather preening in incubating females of ... | 2020 | 32677476 |
| parental incubation exchange in a territorial bird species involves sex-specific signalling. | effective communication between sexual partners is essential for successful reproduction. avian parents with biparental incubation need to know how to negotiate, when and who will incubate, and how to harmonize partner exchange at the nest. although considerable effort has been dedicated to studies of incubation rhythms, few studies have investigated how behavioural signals serve to tighten cooperation between parents. moreover, existing studies are almost exclusively restricted to species in wh ... | 2019 | 30949226 |
| diversity of incubation rhythms in a facultatively uniparental shorebird - the northern lapwing. | in birds, incubation by both parents is a common form of care for eggs. although the involvement of the two parents may vary dramatically between and within pairs, as well as over the course of the day and breeding season, detailed descriptions of this variation are rare, especially in species with variable male contributions to care. here, we continuously video-monitored 113 nests of northern lapwings vanellus vanellus to reveal the diversity of incubation rhythms and parental involvement, as w ... | 2019 | 30886196 |
| exact inference for integrated population modelling. | integrated population modelling is widely used in statistical ecology. it allows data from population time series and independent surveys to be analysed simultaneously. in classical analysis the time-series likelihood component can be conveniently approximated using kalman filter methodology. however, the natural way to model systems which have a discrete state space is to use hidden markov models (hmms). the proposed method avoids the kalman filter approximations and monte carlo simulations. su ... | 2019 | 30746692 |