| [sodium and potassium concentration in the tissues of wild and domesticated representatives of the chicken order]. | na and k content has been studied in tissues of the hazel grouse bonasa bonasia, black grouse lyrurus tetrix, capercaillie tetrao urogallus, domestic hen gallus domesticus and turkey hen meleagris gallopavo. with respect to the increase in potassium and sodium content, the tissues investigated in wild species form the following sequence: major thoracal muscle (red), minor thoracal muscle (white), gastrocnemius muscle, left ventricle of the heart, stomach muscles, brain hemispheres, spinal cord. ... | 1976 | 983558 |
| necrotizing lesions in the intestine, gizzard, and liver in captive capercaillies (tetrao urogallus) associated with clostridium perfringens. | during the period from 1982 to 1991, 863 captive and 32 wild capercaillies (tetrao urogallus) were necropsied. the most common cause of death in captive capercaillies was necrotizing enteritis, diagnosed in 110 (13%) birds. of these, 31 (28%) birds also had necrotizing lesions in the liver. necrotizing gastritis occurred in 29 birds, two of which had concurrent necrotizing enteritis. in the capercaillies with necrotizing enteritis, clostridium perfringens type a was isolated more frequently and ... | 1992 | 1474658 |
| the abnormal conduct of capercaillies tetrao urogallus. | the frequency, behavior, and testosterone levels of deviant capercaillies were studied in southern finland. roughly 1% of the population was estimated to behave abnormally. deviant males display and show threatening behavior toward not only humans, but also attacked stuffed capercaillie males and without hesitation copulated with a stuffed female. deviant females appear tame and crouch in front of humans, but avoid males. the testosterone level in deviant males was about five times higher than t ... | 1992 | 1478639 |
| toxin production by clostridium perfringens isolated from broiler chickens and capercaillies (tetrao urogallus) with and without necrotizing enteritis. | a total of 192 isolates of clostridium perfringens were isolated from 99 broiler chickens and 93 capercaillies (tetrao urogallus). fifty of the isolates from broilers and 44 of the isolates from capercaillies were from birds with necrotizing enteritis, and the remainder were from birds without this disease. the isolates were tested for the production of three major toxins (alpha, beta, and epsilon) and four minor toxins (theta, gelatinase, mu, and nu). all isolates were found to be c. perfringen ... | 1992 | 1485870 |
| a review of wildlife diseases from scandinavia. | the epidemiological and historical aspects of some important and representative wildlife diseases from scandinavia are discussed. in noninfectious diseases, examples include cataract in moose (alces alces), atherosclerosis in hybrid hares (lepus timidus x l. europaeus), and ethmoid tumors in moose. the epizootiological and historical aspects of the recent epizootics of myxomatosis in european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) and rabies and sarcoptic mange in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are reviewed ... | 1987 | 3316719 |
| [topography of the intestine in the woodgrouse (tetrao urogallus) and the moorhen (lyrurus tetrix)]. | | 1974 | 4818752 |
| [vitamin a content of livers of wild animals. 2. vitamin a in liver a heath-cock (tetrao urogallus) and black grouse (lyrurus tetrix) at mating season]. | | 1972 | 5019184 |
| the response of three grouse species (tetrao urogallus, lagopus mutus, lagopus lagopus) to louping-ill virus. | | 1980 | 6253539 |
| annual variation in the concentrations of circulating hormones in capercaillie (tetrao urogallus). | seasonal variation in the levels of immunoreactive lutropin (lh), follitropin (fsh), prolactin (prl), corticosterone (b), thyroxine (t4), and triiodothyronine (t3) was measured in the plasma of male and female capercaillies (tetrao urogallus, galliformes) in captivity (latitude n 67 degrees). in male capercaillies there was an increase in the concentrations of lh and fsh beginning in march and reaching their maxima in may, which correlated with the nesting period. the concentration of plasma prl ... | 1983 | 6413293 |
| investigations on the antibacterial effect of conifer needle oils on bacteria isolated from the feces of captive capercaillies (tetrao urogallus l., 1758). | in winter, free-living capercaillies feed almost exclusively upon needles of various conifer species. an important part of the energy and protein requirements of captive capercaillies, however, is supplied by food rich in starch and proteins. the fecal flora of captive capercaillies is considerably different from the flora of free-living capercaillies. bacterial diseases are frequent in captivity. the aim of the present study is to determine whether the essential oils from conifer needles posses ... | 1993 | 8284950 |
| investigations on the aerobic flora and clostridium perfringens in fecal specimens from free-living and captive capercaillies (tetrao urogallus l., 1758). | 173 fecal specimens from captive capercaillies and 92 fecal specimens from free-living capercaillies were examined bacteriologically. with all specimens the bacteriological examination was limited to the aerobic bacteria which can be isolated by the usual methods and to clostridium perfringens. the occurrence of fungi and parasites was examined as well. the present paper compares the results of these examinations. the identifiable fecal flora of free-living capercaillies consists of few species ... | 1993 | 8284961 |
| meningoencephalitis in capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.) caused by a sarcocystis-like organism. | a nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, previously presumed to be toxoplasmosis, was found in 53 capercaillies (tetrao urogallus l.) examined at necropsy at the national veterinary institute, uppsala, sweden, between 1966 and 1985. pronounced meningitis and encephalitis with perivascular cuffs of mononuclear inflammatory cells as well as focal gliosis were prominent histopathologic findings. protozoa were frequently associated with these lesions. ultrastructurally, the protozoa appeared to divide ... | 1997 | 9365940 |
| sarcocystosis in capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) in finland: description of the parasite and lesions. | acute generalized sarcocystosis was diagnosed in a capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) from finland. microscopic lesions were seen in the heart, lungs, spleen, liver, and brain. protozoa were found in all organs, especially in the lungs and spleen. only asexual stages were observed. the parasite divided by endopolygeny. schizonts were usually 10 microm wide and up to 55 microm long. merozoites are 3-4 microm long and 1.5-2.0 microm wide. sarcocysts and sexual stages are unknown. the parasite was con ... | 1998 | 9488346 |
| mycobacterium infection in a captive-reared capercaillie (tetrao urogallus). | one captive male capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) was found dead on december 1993 at the breeding center of capercaillie in catalonia, spain. the bird was emaciated and, at necropsy, had numerous nodules of various sizes subcutaneously in the cervical region, pleura, lungs, liver, spleen, and mesentery. microscopic examination revealed granulomatous lesions with central caseous necrosis, epithelioid cells, giant cells, and few lymphocytes in all affected organs. numerous acid-fast bacilli were de ... | 2000 | 10737668 |
| an occurrence of cardiac rupture in a capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) probably induced by myocardial infarction. | a pair of capercaillies (tetrao urogallus) were newly introduced from austria into a museum in japan, and the female bird died on the way to the museum. autopsy revealed cardiac tamponade filled with a large quantity of blood coagulum in the pericardial cavity and cardiac rupture along the apex around 1.5 cm in length. microscopically, myocardial necrosis associated with cellular infiltration was observed. the results indicated that the bird suffered from cardiac rupture on the way to the museum ... | 2000 | 10737669 |
| impact of hand-rearing on morphology and physiology of the capercaillie (tetrao urogallus). | morphological and physiological disparities between 20 captive and 11 wild capercaillies were determined. birds, their pectoral and leg muscles, hearts, livers and gizzards were weighed. the length of small intestines and caeca were measured. haemoglobin, haematocrit, glucose, triglycerides, total protein, uric acid and thyroid hormones as well as the cytochrome c-oxidase activity of the pectoral muscle and heart were determined. the glycogen and protein contents of pectoral and leg muscles and ... | 2000 | 10825693 |
| characterization of microsatellites in capercaillie tetrao urogallus (aves). | | 2000 | 11091338 |
| cytochrome p450 enzyme activity in five herbivorous, non-passerine bird species. | we examined hepatic cytochrome p450 activity in wild and hand-reared grey partridges (perdix perdix), capercaillies (tetrao urogallus) and ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus), as well as the enzyme activity in a variety of tissues of hand-reared japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) and pigeons (columba livia). post-mortem decrease in hepatic enzyme activity in the grey partridge was measured. hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity was similar in wild and hand-reared grey ... | 2003 | 12524019 |
| [observation on the vitality of mallophaga from dead tetrao urogallus l]. | | 1962 | 14003834 |
| karyotypic evolution in the galliformes: an examination of the process of karyotypic evolution by comparison of the molecular cytogenetic findings with the molecular phylogeny. | to define the process of karyotypic evolution in the galliformes on a molecular basis, we conducted genome-wide comparative chromosome painting for eight species, i.e. silver pheasant (lophura nycthemera), lady amherst's pheasant (chrysolophus amherstiae), ring-necked pheasant (phasianus colchicus), turkey (meleagris gallopavo), western capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), chinese bamboo-partridge (bambusicola thoracica) and common peafowl (pavo cristatus) of the phasianidae, and plain chachalaca (o ... | 2004 | 15218250 |
| measuring corticosterone metabolites in droppings of capercaillies (tetrao urogallus). | the capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), the largest grouse species in the world, is decreasing in numbers in major parts of its distribution range. disturbances by human outdoor activities are discussed as a possible reason for this population decline. an indicator for disturbances is the increase of the glucocorticoid corticosterone, a stress hormone, which helps to cope with life-threatening situations. however, repeated disturbances might result in a long-term increase of the basal corticosteron ... | 2005 | 16055846 |
| no genetic evidence of sex-biased dispersal in a lekking bird, the capercaillie (tetrao urogallus). | sex-biased dispersal is often connected to the mating behaviour of the species. even if patterns of natal dispersal are reasonably well documented for monogamous birds, only a few data are available for polygynous and especially lekking species. we investigated the dispersal of the capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) by examining sex-specific gene flow among the leks. genetic information was extracted using nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers for sexed faecal samples and analysed by novel ba ... | 2007 | 17465897 |
| temporal and spatial analyses disclose consequences of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity in capercaillie (tetrao urogallus). | as a result of habitat fragmentation, the capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) population in the black forest mountain range in southwestern germany has declined rapidly during the last decades and now persists in patchy isolated fragments. to study the effects of fragmentation, we quantified dispersal patterns by genotyping 213 individuals in four subpopulations. we used a landscape genetics approach to analyse individual genetic variation, and despite overall low genetic structure, we found strong ... | 2008 | 18422931 |
| parasites of the endangered cantabrian capercaillie (tetrao urogallus cantabricus): correlates with host abundance and lek site characteristics. | in april 2000, we collected and analyzed for parasites 174 feces belonging to 48 different and identified cantabrian capercaillies (tetrao urogallus cantabricus) from 39 lek sites in the cantabrian mountains (north spain) and determined the factors related with prevalence and abundance of propagule excretion: (1) interrelations with other parasite species, (2) characteristics of the capercaillie population (number of capercaillies in the lek site, number of occupied lek sites in a 2-km area, and ... | 2008 | 18498000 |
| haematology and blood biochemistry of capercaillie (tetrao urogallus). | haematological and blood biochemical parameters of 15 capercaillie {tetrao urogallus) reared in captivity have been determined. statistically significant age differences were observed in the following parameters: haemoglobin, mchc, total bilirubin, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, potassium and total proteins. | 1992 | 18670990 |
| heart rupture and haemopericardium in capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) reared in captivity. | heart apex rupture and haemopericardium was found to be the cause of death of three young capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) reared in captivity. gross and microscopic signs of myocardial fibre degeneration were present in only one bird, and circumscribed to the heart apex. the pathogenesis of the lesion is unclear, but the tachycardia due to the unusually high excitability of these birds, and predisposition for mechanical rupture in the heart apex are considered to be the more significant factors ... | 1991 | 18680030 |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism authentication of raw meats from game birds. | polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from quail (coturnix coturnix), pheasant (phasianus colchicus), red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), eurasian woodcock (scolopax rusticola), woodpigeon (columba palumbus), and song thrush (turdus philomelos). pcr amplification was performed using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of app ... | 2008 | 19202803 |
| identification of raw and heat-processed meats from game bird species by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the mitochondrial d-loop region. | polymerase chain reaction-rflp analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from quail (coturnix coturnix), pheasant (phasianus colchicus), red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa), chukar partridge (alectoris chukar), guinea fowl (numida meleagris), capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), eurasian woodcock (scolopax rusticola), and woodpigeon (columba palumbus). polymerase chain reaction amplification was carried out using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of approximately 310 bp f ... | 2009 | 19211540 |
| modelling functional landscape connectivity from genetic population structure: a new spatially explicit approach. | functional connectivity between spatially disjoint habitat patches is a key factor for the persistence of species in fragmented landscapes. modelling landscape connectivity to identify potential dispersal corridors requires information about those landscape features affecting dispersal. here we present a new approach using spatial and genetic data of a highly fragmented population of capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) in the black forest, germany, to investigate effects of landscape structure on ge ... | 2010 | 20723058 |
| release of a somatostatin-like peptide by cells of bacillus subtilis b-8130, an intestinal symbiont of the wild bird tetrao urogallus: the influence of the bacillus on the animal. | | 2010 | 20963656 |
| development of a real-time pcr assay to control the illegal trade of meat from protected capercaillie species (tetrao urogallus). | a rapid and highly species-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay has been developed for the detection of capercaillie dna (tetrao urogallus) in meat and meat mixtures. the method combines the use of capercaillie-specific primers, that amplify a 142bp fragment of the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene, and a positive control primer pair that amplifies a 141bp fragment of the nuclear 18s rrna gene from eukaryotic dna. sybr(®) green dye or taqman(®) fluorogenic probes were used to monit ... | 2011 | 21414736 |
| do multiple herbivores maintain chemical diversity of scots pine monoterpenes? | a central issue in our understanding of the evolution of the diversity of plant secondary metabolites (psms) is whether or not compounds are functional, conferring an advantage to the plant, or non-functional. we examine the hypothesis that the diversity of monoterpene psms within a plant species (scots pine pinus sylvestris) may be explained by different compounds acting as defences against high-impact herbivores operating at different life stages. we also hypothesize that pairwise coevolution, ... | 2011 | 21444308 |
| honeybees increase fruit set in native plant species important for wildlife conservation. | honeybee colonies are declining in some parts of the world. this may have important consequences for the pollination of crops and native plant species. in spain, as in other parts of europe, land abandonment has led to a decrease in the number of non professional beekeepers, which aggravates the problem of honeybee decline as a result of bee diseases in this study, we investigated the effects of honeybees on the pollination of three native plant species in northern spain, namely wildcherry prunu ... | 2011 | 21519875 |
| Successful preservation of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) semen in liquid and frozen states. | Experiments on semen collection and preservation were undertaken by Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences and Forestry Wisla, Poland to assist in the protection of the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) and to create an ex situ in vitro cryobank. Semen was collected from 11 captive-bred males, using dorsoabdominal massage. Ejaculates once obtained were diluted 3-fold at room temperature with EK diluent and then a number of them were stored at 4 °C for 18, 24, and 48 hours, while ... | 2011 | 22192393 |
| genetic differentiation of the western capercaillie highlights the importance of south-eastern europe for understanding the species phylogeography. | the western capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.) is a grouse species of open boreal or high altitude forests of eurasia. it is endangered throughout most mountain range habitat areas in europe. two major genetically identifiable lineages of western capercaillie have been described to date: the southern lineage at the species' southernmost range of distribution in europe, and the boreal lineage. we address the question of genetic differentiation of capercaillie populations from the rhodope and rila ... | 2011 | 21897847 |
| The bacterial microbiota in the ceca of Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) differs between wild and captive birds. | The diet of wild capercaillie differs strongly between seasons. Particularly during winter, when energy demands are high and the birds forage solely on coniferous needles, microbial fermentations in the ceca are considered to contribute significantly to the energy requirement and to the detoxification of the resinous diet. Here, we present the first cultivation-independent analysis of the bacterial community in the cecum of capercaillie, using the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker. Cloning and ... | 2011 | 21889862 |
| Characteristics of fresh semen of captive-bred capercaillie Tetrao urogallus L. | In Poland Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) is one of the most seriously endangered grouse species. The ability of semen collection and its utilization for Capercaillie female insemination would allow overcoming some fertility problems observed in captive-bred populations and thus reduce the rate of loss of genetic diversity. The present experiment was carried out on 13 individuals: eight males were kept with females and five alone. From each male, semen was collected four times, every second d ... | 2011 | 22183730 |
| cycles in voles and small game in relation to variations in plant production indices in northern sweden. | population dynamics for voles (cricetidae), tengmalm's owl (aegolius funereus (l.)), red fox (vulpes vulpes (l.)) willow grouse (lagopus lagopus (l.)), black grouse (lyrurus tetrix (l.)), capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.), hazel hen (tetrastes bonasia (l.)), mountain hare (lepus timidus l.) and tularemia (francisella tularensis (mccoy & chapin)) and game bird recruitment were studied by index methods in northern sweden. in addition contemporary temperature records and spruce (picea abies (l.) k ... | 1986 | 28311702 |
| metals and selenium in wild animals from norwegian areas close to russian nickel smelters. | this paper reports the concentrations of metals (al, as, cd, cr, cu, hg, ni, pb, and/or zn) and selenium (se) in kidney and/or liver samples from capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), willow ptarmigan (lagopus lagopus), hares (lepus timidus), common shrews (sorex araneus) and grey-sided voles (clethrionomus rufocanus) from the norwegian areas most heavily contaminated by pollutants from the russian smelters on the kola peninsula. in addition to comparing areas that differed in expected pollution rate ... | 1995 | 24197780 |
| [role of microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract in the nutrition of grouse]. | in order to assess the role of the microbiocenosis of the digestive tract of herbivorous birds in transforming poor forage, the activity of cellulolytic enzymes in all departments of the gastrointestinal tract of the black grouse (lyrurus tetrix) and western capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) was studied. the functional diversity of microbial communities of different departments was also investigated. in both species of birds, nitrogenase and cellobiohydrolase activities were discovered in the dige ... | 2016 | 25731039 |
| non-invasive genetics outperforms morphological methods in faecal dietary analysis, revealing wild boar as a considerable conservation concern for ground-nesting birds. | capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) and other grouse species represent conservation concerns across europe due to their negative abundance trends. in addition to habitat deterioration, predation is considered a major factor contributing to population declines. while the role of generalist predators on grouse predation is relatively well known, the impact of the omnivorous wild boar has remained elusive. we hypothesize that wild boar is an important predator of ground-nesting birds, but has been negl ... | 2017 | 28594953 |
| conservation genetics of the capercaillie in poland - delineation of conservation units. | the capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) is one of poland's most endangered bird species, with an estimated population of 380-500 individuals in four isolated areas. to study these natural populations in poland further, more than 900 non-invasive genetic samples were collected, along with samples from 59 birds representing large, continuous populations in sweden and russia; and from two centres in poland breeding capercaillie. microsatellite polymorphism at nine loci was then analysed to estimate wit ... | 2017 | 28376095 |
| effect of selenium and vitamin e addition to the extender on liquid stored capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) semen quality. | captive breeding has become an important tool in species conservations programmes, maintaining genetic diversity and restoring wild, endangered populations. in order to improve the reproductive efficiency of captive kept capercaillie, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of selenium and vitamin e addition to semen extender on sperm characteristic during short-term storage. ejaculates collected individually from four capercaillie were divided into two parts, diluted threefold with ... | 2017 | 28326620 |
| three-dimensional habitat structure and landscape genetics: a step forward in estimating functional connectivity. | estimating connectivity among fragmented habitat patches is crucial for evaluating the functionality of ecological networks. however, current estimates of landscape resistance to animal movement and dispersal lack landscape-level data on local habitat structure. here, we used a landscape genetics approach to show that high-fidelity habitat structure maps derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data critically improve functional connectivity estimates compared to conventional land cover ... | 2017 | 27861772 |
| histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies on harderian and lacrimal glands of the capercaillie (tetrao urogallus major l.). | this study describes the macroscopic anatomy and the microscopic and ultrastructural features of the harderian gland and lacrimal gland of the capercaillies. it was conducted both on adult male and female capercaillies. tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azan trichrome, modified mallory's trichrome, methyl green-pyronin y, periodic acid-schiff, alcian blue ph 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin and hale's dialysed iron. the morphometric study of the harderian and lacrimal glands indicate ... | 2016 | 26960354 |
| reintroduction of the european capercaillie from the capercaillie breeding centre in wisła forest district: genetic assessments of captive and reintroduced populations. | the western capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) is a specific bird species, which, despite its very broad distribution and large global population size, is highly endangered in many western and central european countries. according to the species situation, in many countries (including poland), breeding and reintroduction programmes have been started. one of the most complex and large-scale reintroduction programmes was started in bory dolnośląskie forest, and the capercaillie breeding centre in wis ... | 2015 | 26682897 |
| is it necessary managing carnivores to reverse the decline of endangered prey species? insights from a removal experiment of mesocarnivores to benefit demographic parameters of the pyrenean capercaillie. | mesopredator control has long been used to alleviate the effect of elevated predation pressure on vulnerable, threatened or valuable species. however, the convenience of using mesopredator controls is technically questionable and scientifically-sound research is therefore required to evaluate the impact of predation on prey case by case. in this study we evaluated the effect of the alteration of terrestrial mesopredator dynamics on the demographic parameters of a relict capercaillie tetrao uroga ... | 2015 | 26489094 |
| comparative examination of capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.) behaviour responses and semen quality to two methods of semen collection. | artificial insemination (ai) is very helpful in solving the reproductive and biodiversity problems observed in small, closed avian populations. the successful production of fertilized eggs using ai is dependent on the collection of good quality semen. two methods of male sexual stimulation and semen collection from captive kept capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.), one of the most seriously endangered grouse species in europe, are compared in this study. ejaculates were obtained either with the us ... | 2015 | 26397704 |
| estimating population size for capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.) with spatial capture-recapture models based on genotypes from one field sample. | we conducted a survey of an endangered and cryptic forest grouse, the capercaillie tetrao urogallus, based on droppings collected on two sampling occasions in eight forest fragments in central switzerland in early spring 2009. we used genetic analyses to sex and individually identify birds. we estimated sex-dependent detection probabilities and population size using a modern spatial capture-recapture (scr) model for the data from pooled surveys. a total of 127 capercaillie genotypes were identif ... | 2015 | 26087321 |
| the usefulness of captive kept capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.) as the semen donors for artificial insemination and gene pool preservation in vitro. | captive breeding of birds threatened by extinction in zoological gardens or other closed aviary centres is one of the methods allowing their protection and gene pool preservation ex situ in vivo. such birds are usually kept in captivity lifelong and serve as parents of several new generations that can be further released into natural environment, or males are used as semen donors for artificial insemination and gene banking. therefore, the fecundity of such flocks (number of laid egg and spermat ... | 2015 | 25779624 |
| simple and effective methods of freezing capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.) semen. | a continuous decline in the number and range of capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.) in many european countries can be observed, mostly due to habitat destruction by human activity, unecological forestry management, and increased density of natural predators. ex situ in vitro gene banks provide a unique opportunity to preserve the genetic material for future generations. simple and effective cryopreservation methods for capercaillie semen are discussed. semen was collected from seven males kept in ... | 2015 | 25615640 |
| habitat selection by capercaillie in summer and autumn: is bilberry important? | the use of habitat by female and male adult capercaillie tetrao urogallus during summer and autumn was studied by comparing the distribution of radio locations of birds with the availability of habitat at forest stand, home range and landscape level in an area of the bavarian alps, germany. capercaillie preferred forests with structural features typical of their main distribution range, the boreal forest: they selected large patches of old forest with moderate canopy cover of about 50%, and a we ... | 1993 | 28312950 |
| distribution and size of capercaillie leks in relation to old forest fragmentation. | distribution and size of 38 capercaillie tetrao urogallus leks were related to amount and configuration of old forest patches in two south-east norwegian coniferous forests. the smallest occupied patch was 48 ha containing a solitary displaying cock. all patches larger than 1 km(2) contained leks. number of cocks per lek increased with increasing patch size. number of leks per patch increased in a step-wise manner with one lek added for each 2.5-3 km(2) increase in patch size. in large patches t ... | 1987 | 28311135 |
| canines (canis lupus familiaris) as biodetectors for conservation work: can they discriminate the rock ptarmigan (lagopus muta) from the willow grouse (l. lagopus) in a yes/no task? | alpine and arctic bird populations have shown an unmistakable decrease over the last three decades, and the need for conservation is highly necessary. we investigated the use of five privately-owned dogs (canis lupus familiaris) as a non-invasive tool to determine the presence of rock ptarmigan (lagopus muta), through sniffing out faecal pellets, using a yes/no training regime. we carried out 36 double-blind experimental trials per dog and hypothesised that dogs could discriminate the rock ptarm ... | 2020 | 31990940 |
| assessing conflicts between winter recreational activities and grouse species. | mountain environments provide habitats for many wild animal species and are of great importance to recreational activities. in the european alps, winter recreation activities such as ski mountaineering are becoming increasingly popular, which may lead more often to disturbance of alpine wildlife. assessment of ski mountaineering activities and related potential conflict zones is needed to implement protection measures and to guide skiers towards nature-friendly behaviour in sensitive locations. ... | 2020 | 32891036 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the western capercaillie tetrao urogallus (phasianidae, tetraoninae). | the western capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) is a galliform bird of boreal climax forests from scandinavia to eastern siberia, with a fragmented population in southwestern europe. we extracted the dna of t. urogallus aquitanicus and obtained the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence by combining illumina and sanger sequencing sequence data. the mitochondrial genome of t. urogallus is 16,683 bp long and is very similar to that of lyrurus tetrix (16,677 bp). the t. urogallus mitogenom ... | 2019 | 30790836 |
| molecular analysis of cox-1 and 18s rrna gene fragments of eimeria species isolated from endangered grouse: capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) and black grouse (tetrao tetrix). | this paper is the first record describing the molecular analysis of eimeria species occurring in capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) and black grouse (tetrao tetrix) which inhabit northern eurasia and are species critically endangered of extinction. actions undertaken to protect endangered species, such as breeding individuals in closed aviaries, could allow saving those birds, but they also pose risk of accidental healing of invasive diseases, like coccidiosis. therefore, an investigation was condu ... | 2019 | 30565196 |
| increased dna typing success for feces and feathers of capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) and black grouse (tetrao tetrix). | noninvasive sampling, for example, of droppings or feathers, is a promising approach for molecular genetic studies on endangered and elusive animal species. yet, such specimens are known for containing only minute amounts of dna, resulting in lower typing success rates relative to analyses on fresh tissues such as muscle or blood. furthermore, artefactual signals as well as contamination are more likely to occur when dna is limited. to increase the reliability of dna typing from noninvasive samp ... | 2018 | 29721270 |
| low frequencies in the display vocalization of the western capercaillie (tetrao urogallus). | only a few bird species are known to produce low-frequency vocalizations. we analyzed the display vocalizations of western capercaillie males kept in breeding centers and identified harmonically structured signals with a fundamental frequency of 28.7 ± 1.2 hz (25.6-31.6 hz). these low-frequency components temporally overlap with the whetting phase (96% of its duration) and they significantly contribute to the distinct vocal expression between individuals. the resulting model of discrimination an ... | 2020 | 32714652 |
| characteristics of capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) semen analysed with flow cytometry combined with fertility results. | in order to increase the reproductive indices of capercaillie kept in closed breeding facilities, it is necessary to constantly expand the methods of better understanding the characteristics of sperm and their fertilizing potency. the aim of the study was to analyse selected features of capercaillie sperm using flow cytometry and their connection with fertility results. the study included five males, three of which were kept in a family group with eight females and two were kept alone. for sperm ... | 2020 | 32506759 |
| female-male and female-female social interactions of captive kept capercaillie (tetrao urogallus) and its consequences in planning breeding programs. | capercaillie behavior, both in the wild and in captivity, is poorly known due to this species' secretive way of life. female-male and female-female social organization and interactions are especially poorly documented. the research was conducted in capercaillie breeding center in wisła forestry district where a breeding flock is kept throughout the year. thanks to video monitoring, we were able to observe mate choice, and then later, female-female interactions during laying and incubation period ... | 2020 | 32235591 |
| importance and effectiveness of correction methods for spatial sampling bias in species with sex-specific habitat preference. | presence records from surveys with spatially heterogeneous sampling intensity are a key challenge for species distribution models (sdms). when sex groups differ in their habitat association, the correction of the spatial bias becomes important for preventing model predictions that are biased toward one sex. the objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of existing correction methods for spatial sampling bias for sdms when male and female have different habitat preferences. | 2019 | 31871638 |
| kin-dependent dispersal influences relatedness and genetic structuring in a lek system. | kin selection and dispersal play a critical role in the evolution of cooperative breeding systems. limited dispersal increases relatedness in spatially structured populations (population viscosity), with the result that neighbours tend to be genealogical relatives. yet the increase in neighbours' fitness-related performance through altruistic interaction may also result in habitat saturation and thus exacerbate local competition between kin. our goal was to detect the footprint of kin selection ... | 2019 | 31422471 |
| supporting dataset and methods for egg sizes, eggshell thicknesses and metal concentrations measured in the shells and contents of eggs of capercaillies tetrao urogallus. | the dataset presented in this data paper supports "eggshell resorption, and embryonic mobilization and accumulation of calcium and metals in eggs of wild and captive capercaillies tetrao urogallus" (orłowski et al., 2019) [1]. here we present the supplementary data on the following: (1) egg sizes, regional eggshell thicknesses (at the equator, sharp pole and blunt pole) as well as the concentrations of two major micronutrients (ca and mg) and eight trace elements (cr, cu, mn, fe, co, cd, pb and ... | 2019 | 31061855 |
| eggshell resorption, and embryonic mobilization and accumulation of calcium and metals in eggs of wild and captive capercaillies tetrao urogallus. | although it is fairly well known that eggshells are the major source of ca and other micronutrients for developing avian embryos, potential anatomical and/or ecological correlates explaining the variation in embryo-induced depletion of micronutrients from eggshells remain to be addressed. using unhatched eggs at various developmental stages and post-hatched eggshells of wild and captive-bred birds of a large precocial species, the capercaillie tetrao urogallus, we explored two major questions. ( ... | 2019 | 30884394 |