| toxicity of the venom from nasonia vitripennis (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) toward fly hosts, nontarget insects, different developmental stages, and cultured insect cells. | a venom preparation from nasonia vitripennis, a wasp ectoparasitoid of fly pupae, was assayed for lethality in different stages of insects representing ten different orders and in cultured insect cells. in most cases, the motor activity of the injected insects remained completely normal for 1-2 days after the injection and displayed none of the symptoms of paralysis commonly reported for venoms of the hymenoptera. a natural host, the flesh fly sarcophaga bullata, was highly sensitive in the pupa ... | 1993 | 8342173 |
| characterization of a facultative endosymbiotic bacterium of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. | the pea aphid u-type symbiont (paus) was investigated to characterize its microbiological properties. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and electron microscopy revealed that paus was a rod-shaped bacterium found in three different locations in the body of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum: sheath cells, secondary mycetocytes, and hemolymph. artificial transfer experiments revealed that paus could establish stable infection and vertical transmission when introduced into uninfected pea aph ... | 2005 | 15690225 |
| real-time assay for quantitative detection of non-persistently transmitted plum pox virus rna targets in single aphids. | a taqman real-time rt-pcr was developed to detect and quantify rna-targets from the non-circulative, non-persistently transmitted plum pox virus (ppv) in individual fresh or aphids captured previously and squashed on paper. reliable quantitation ranged from 40 up to 4 x 10(8) copies of control transcripts. this technique was applied successfully to plant material and to individual ppv vector (myzus persicae) and non-vector of ppv (aphis nerii) aphid species demonstrating acquisition of viral tar ... | 2005 | 15964640 |
| interspecific variation within the genus asclepias in response to herbivory by a phloem-feeding insect herbivore. | induced plant responses to leaf-chewing insects have been well studied, but considerably less is known about the effects of phloem-feedings insects on induction. in a set of laboratory experiments, we examined density-dependent induction by the milkweed-oleander aphid, aphis nerii, of putative defenses in four milkweed species (asclepias incarnata, asclepias syriaca, asclepias tuberosa, and asclepias viridis). we hypothesized that high aphid density would lead to increased cardenolide expression ... | 2007 | 17929096 |
| coexistence of three specialist aphids on common milkweed, asclepias syriaca. | coexistence of host-specific herbivores on plants is believed to be governed by interspecific interactions, but few empirical studies have systematically unraveled these dynamics. we investigated the role of several factors in promoting coexistence among the aphids aphis nerii, aphis asclepiadis, and myzocallis asclepiadis that all specialize on common milkweed (asclepias syriaca). competitive exclusion is thought to occur when interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition ... | 2008 | 18724729 |
| collective defense of aphis nerii and uroleucon hypochoeridis (homoptera, aphididae) against natural enemies. | the prevalent way aphids accomplish colony defense against natural enemies is a mutualistic relationship with ants or the occurrence of a specialised soldier caste typical for eusocial aphids, or even both. despite a group-living life style of those aphid species lacking these defense lines, communal defense against natural predators has not yet been observed there. individuals of aphis nerii (oleander aphid) and uroleucon hypochoeridis, an aphid species feeding on hypochoeris radicata (hairy ca ... | 2010 | 20454683 |
| differential life history trait associations of aphids with nonpersistent viruses in cucurbits. | the diversity of vectors and fleeting nature of virus acquisition and transmission renders nonpersistent viruses a challenge to manage. we assessed the importance of noncolonizing versus colonizing vectors with a 2-yr survey of aphids and nonpersistent viruses on commercial pumpkin farms. we quantified aphid alightment using pan traps, while testing leaf samples with multiplex rt-pcr targeting cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv), watermelon mosaic virus (wmv), and pa ... | 2015 | 26313961 |
| multifaceted determinants of host specificity in an aphid parasitoid. | the host specificity of insect parasitoids and herbivores is thought to be shaped by a suite of traits that mediate host acceptance and host suitability. we conducted laboratory experiments to identify mechanisms shaping the host specificity of the aphid parasitoid binodoxys communis. twenty species of aphids were exposed to b. communis females in microcosms, and detailed observations and rearing studies of 15 of these species were done to determine whether patterns of host use resulted from var ... | 2009 | 19219460 |
| formation of stylet sheaths in āere (in air) from eight species of phytophagous hemipterans from six families (suborders: auchenorrhyncha and sternorrhyncha). | stylet sheath formation is a common feature among phytophagous hemipterans. these sheaths are considered essential to promote a successful feeding event. stylet sheath compositions are largely unknown and their mode of solidification remains to be elucidated. this report demonstrates the formation and solidification of in āere (in air) produced stylet sheaths by six hemipteran families: diaphorina citri (psyllidae, asian citrus psyllid), aphis nerii (aphididae, oleander/milkweed aphid), toxopter ... | 2013 | 23638086 |
| plant-derived differences in the composition of aphid honeydew and their effects on colonies of aphid-tending ants. | in plant-ant-hemipteran interactions, ants visit plants to consume the honeydew produced by phloem-feeding hemipterans. if genetically based differences in plant phloem chemistry change the chemical composition of hemipteran honeydew, then the plant's genetic constitution could have indirect effects on ants via the hemipterans. if such effects change ant behavior, they could feed back to affect the plant itself. we compared the chemical composition of honeydews produced by aphis nerii aphid clon ... | 2014 | 25505534 |
| density-dependent reduction and induction of milkweed cardenolides by a sucking insect herbivore. | the effect of aphid population size on host-plant chemical defense expression and the effect of plant defense on aphid population dynamics were investigated in a milkweed-specialist herbivore system. density effects of the aposematic oleander aphid, aphis nerii, on cardenolide expression were measured in two milkweed species, asclepias curassavica and a. incarnata. these plants vary in constitutive chemical investment with high mean cardenolide concentration in a. curassavica and low to zero in ... | 2004 | 15139307 |
| effects of maternal age and environment on offspring vital rates in the oleander aphid (hemiptera: aphididae). | maternal effects have the potential to affect population dynamics and evolution. to affect population dynamics, maternal effects must influence offspring vital rates (birth, death, or movement). here, we explore the magnitude of nongenetic maternal influence on the vital rates of an insect herbivore and explore predictability of maternal effects with reference to published studies. we experimentally studied the effects of maternal age, host plant species (two asclepias spp.), and density on offs ... | 2007 | 17716483 |
| influence of host plant on growth and reproduction of aphis nerii and feeding and prey utilization of its predator menochilus sexmaculatus. | influence of different physiological stages (young, mature and senescent) of calotropis gigantea leaves on growth and reproductive ability of a. nerii and feeding, prey utilization, fecundity and lipid content of its predator m. sexmaculatus were investigated. increased reproductive period, total life span and reproduction of nymphs per female of a. nerii were observed when reared on mature leaves. this relative preference of a. nerii and maximum utilization of mature leaves as compared to other ... | 2000 | 11116532 |
| growth, development, and survival of a generalist predator fed single- and mixed-species diets of different quality. | it is often assumed that prey species consumed by generalist predators are largely, though not entirely, equivalent in terms of their value to the predators. in contrast to this expectation, laboratory feeding experiments uncovered distinctly varied developmental responses of a generalist predator, the wolf spider schizocosa, to different experimental diets. naive schizocosa attacked and fed upon all the prey species offered; however, highly divergent patterns of survival, development, and growt ... | 1999 | 28307968 |
| the nerium oleander aphid aphis nerii is tolerant to a local isolate of aphid lethal paralysis virus (alpv). | in a survey that was conducted during the year 2011, a local strain of aphid lethal paralysis virus (alpv) was identified and isolated from a wild population of aphis nerii aphids living on nerium oleander plants located in northern israel. the new strain was tentatively named (alpv-an). rna extracted from the viral particles allowed the amplification and determination of the complete genome sequence. the virus genome is comprised of 9835 nucleotides. in a blast search analysis, the alpv-an sequ ... | 2013 | 23229204 |
| are ant-aphid associations a tritrophic interaction? oleander aphids and argentine ants. | oleander aphids, (aphis nerii), which are sporadically tended by ants, were used as a moded system to examine whether host plant factors associated with feeding site influenced the formation of ant-aphid associations. seasonal patterns of host plant utilization and association with attendant ants were examined through bi-weekly censuses of the aphid population feeding on thirty ornamental oleander plands (nerium oleander) in northern california in 1985 and 1986. colonies occurred on both develop ... | 1991 | 28313693 |
| prey acceptability and preference of oenopia conglobata (coleoptera: coccinellidae), a candidate for biological control in urban green areas. | oenopia conglobata is one of the most common ladybird species in urban green areas of the mediterranean region. we have obtained data about its prey acceptability and prey preferences. in a laboratory experiment, we investigated the acceptability of seven aphid and one psyllid species as prey for this coccinellid: the aphids chaitophorus populeti, aphis gossypii, aphis craccivoramonelliopsis caryae, eucallipterus tiliae, aphis nerii (on white poplar, pomegranate, false acacia, black walnut, lime ... | 2018 | 29329217 |
| aphid species affect foraging behavior of coccinella septempunctata (coccinellidae: coleoptera). | flowers are admirable in scenic good looks and artistic beautification. these are also playing necessary roles in therapeutic preparations. aphid is an important sucking pest of various flowers in ornamental territories and it is generally controlled by predators, so it was necessary to evaluate which aphid species affect the predator more or less. | 2017 | 29023008 |
| transcriptional profile and differential fitness in a specialist milkweed insect across host plants varying in toxicity. | interactions between plants and herbivorous insects have been models for theories of specialization and co-evolution for over a century. phytochemicals govern many aspects of these interactions and have fostered the evolution of adaptations by insects to tolerate or even specialize on plant defensive chemistry. while genomic approaches are providing new insights into the genes and mechanisms insect specialists employ to tolerate plant secondary metabolites, open questions remain about the evolut ... | 2017 | 29110382 |
| orthogonal fitness benefits of nitrogen and ants for nitrogen-limited plants in the presence of herbivores. | predictable effects of resource availability on plant growth-defense strategies provide a unifying theme in theories of direct anti-herbivore defense, but it is less clear how resource availability modulates plant indirect defense. ant-plant-hemipteran interactions produce mutualistic trophic cascades when hemipteran-tending ants reduce total herbivory, and these interactions are a key component of plant indirect defense in most terrestrial ecosystems. here we conducted an experiment to test how ... | 2017 | 28888051 |
| bottom-up effects on herbivore-induced plant defences: a case study based on compositional patterns of rhizosphere microbial communities. | below-ground soil microorganisms can modulate above-ground plant-insect interactions. it still needs to be determined whether this is a direct effect of single species or an indirect effect of shifts in soil microbial community assemblages. evaluation of the soil microbiome as a whole is critical for understanding multi-trophic interactions, including those mediated by volatiles involving plants, herbivorous insects, predators/parasitoids and microorganisms. we implemented a regulated system com ... | 2017 | 28740172 |
| evidence for an invasive aphid "superclone": extremely low genetic diversity in oleander aphid (aphis nerii) populations in the southern united states. | the importance of genetic diversity in successful biological invasions is unclear. in animals, but not necessarily plants, increased genetic diversity is generally associated with successful colonization and establishment of novel habitats. the oleander aphid, aphis nerii, though native to the mediterranean region, is an invasive pest species throughout much of the world. feeding primarily on oleander (nerium oleander) and milkweed (asclepias spp.) under natural conditions, these plants are unli ... | 2011 | 21408073 |
| aphids indirectly increase virulence and transmission potential of a monarch butterfly parasite by reducing defensive chemistry of a shared food plant. | parasites and hosts live in communities consisting of many interacting species, but few studies have examined how communities affect parasite virulence and transmission. we studied a food web consisting of two species of milkweed, two milkweed herbivores (monarch butterfly and oleander aphid) and a monarch butterfly-specific parasite. we found that the presence of aphids increased the virulence and transmission potential of the monarch butterfly's parasite on one milkweed species. these increase ... | 2011 | 21375682 |
| composition and epigenetic markers of heterochromatin in the aphid aphis nerii (hemiptera: aphididae). | a detailed karyotype analysis of the oleander aphid aphis nerii focusing on the distribution, molecular composition and epigenetic modifications of heterochromatin was done in order to better understand the structure and evolution of holocentric/holokinetic chromosomes in aphids. the female karyotype (2n = 8) consisted of 3 pairs of autosomes and a pair of x chromosomes that were the longest elements in the karyotype and carried a single, terminally located nucleolar organizer region. males show ... | 2011 | 21273762 |
| evolutionary trade-offs in plants mediate the strength of trophic cascades. | predators determine herbivore and plant biomass via so-called trophic cascades, and the strength of such effects is influenced by ecosystem productivity. to determine whether evolutionary trade-offs among plant traits influence patterns of trophic control, we manipulated predators and soil fertility and measured impacts of a major herbivore (the aphid aphis nerii) on 16 milkweed species (asclepias spp.) in a phylogenetic field experiment. herbivore density was determined by variation in predatio ... | 2010 | 20339073 |
| plant defense and density dependence in the population growth of herbivores. | long-standing theory has predicted that plant defensive and nutritional traits contribute to the population dynamics of insect herbivores. to examine the role of plant variation in density dependence, i took a comparative approach by conducting density manipulation experiments with the specialist aphid, aphis nerii, on 18 species of milkweed (asclepias spp.). the strength of density dependence varied on the plant species. variation in plant secondary compounds (cardenolides), trichomes, leaf car ... | 2004 | 15266375 |
| tests for host-associated fitness trade-offs in the milkweed-oleander aphid. | the milkweed-oleander aphid, aphis nerii (boyer de fonscolombe) (homoptera: aphididae), feeds on different milkweed species in northern california than in puerto rico. the hosts vary, primarily between regions, for both identity and quantity of cardenolides that the aphid sequesters for its own defense. in tests for hostassociated fitness trade-offs only one case was found in which host plant and fitness corresponded, but the effect was not significant. however, power to detect fitness trade-off ... | 1993 | 28313442 |
| honeydew analysis for detecting phloem transport of plant natural products : implications for host-plant resistance to sap-sucking insects. | analysis of honeydew excreted by various sap-sucking insects indicated the presence of certain plant secondary constituents in the phloem of their host plants. honeydew excreted by mealybugs (pseudococcus longispinus), living oncastanospermum australe, contained the indolizidine alkaloid castanospermine, a potent β-glucosidase inhibitor. similarly, honeydew from green peach aphids (myzus persicae), feeding onsenecio vulgaris flower buds, contained the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine, itsn-oxi ... | 1990 | 24263993 |
| disruption of web structure and predatory behavior of a spider by plant-derived chemical defenses of an aposematic aphid. | two toxic and bitter-tasting cardenolides (cardiac-active steroids) were sequestered by the brightly colored oleander aphid,aphis nerii b. de f., from the neotropical milkweed host plantasclepias curassavica l. after feeding on milkweed-reared aphids, the orb-web spiderzygiella x-notata (clerck) built severely disrupted webs and attacked fewer nontoxic, control aphids, whereas the webs of spiders fed only nontoxic aphids remained intact. the regularity and size of the prey-trapping area of webs ... | 1989 | 24272175 |
| cardiac glycosides in the oleander aphid, aphis nerii. | | 1970 | 5469742 |
| chemical constituents of the bright orange aphid, aphis nerii fonscolombe. i. neriaphin and 6-hydroxymusizin 8-o-beta-d-glucoside. | | 1969 | 5794418 |