| the fine structure of the epidermis of two species of salmonid fish, the atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and the brown trout (salmo trutta l.). i. general organization and filament-containing cells. | the fine structure of the epidermis or two species of salmonid fish has been described. gross characteristics have been noted along with many apparent differences in the epidermis of different body regions of the fish. the major cell type is the filament-containing cell and this has been described in detail. the major inclusions of the cell are the tonofilaments. differences in basal, mid-epidermal and periphal filament-c0ntaingcells have been characterized. comparisons of fish epidermis with th ... | 1975 | 165897 |
| organochlorine pesticide residues in animals of tasmania, australia-1975-77. | animals taken in tasmania including duck (anas superciliosa), eel (anguilla australis), english perch (perca fluviatilis), white-faced heron (ardea pacifica), brown trout (salmo trutta), european starling (strunus vulgaris), cat (felis cattus), cormorant (phalacrocorax sp.), mutton bird (puffinus tenuirostris), tasmanian devil (sarcophilus harrisii), rainbow trout (salmo gairdnerii), tasmanian raven (corvus mellori), tench (tinca tinca), and quail (coturnix sp.) were sampled for p,p'-dde, pp,p'- ... | 1979 | 537866 |
| rainbow trout complement fixation used for titration of antibodies against several pathogens. | since it is impossible to fix guinea pig complement (c) with rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) antibodies, whereas it is possible with brown trout (salmo trutta) antibodies, a c fixation test has been designed which uses haemolysin and c from rainbow trout. immunization of trout against lysed sheep red blood cells (srbc) elicited production of haemolytic igm. normal trout serum (nts) can be used as a source of c at a dilution at which its "natural" haemolytic activity (against various homeotherms ... | 1979 | 547824 |
| mercury in various tissues of fish caught downstream of a wood pulp factory in the kammerfoss river, south norway. | the mercury content of perch (perca fluviatilis) and brown trout (salmo trutta) from a river in south norway, previously shown to be contaminated with mercury from a wood pulp factory, was studied during a 5-years period after the use of mercury in the factory had been discontinued in 1970. in addition to muscular tissue, samples of liver, kidney, brain, heart, and gonads were also analyzed in some cases. the mercury level in the musculature remained nearly constant at about 1 mug/g during the y ... | 1976 | 995587 |
| reproductive isolation with little genetic divergence in sympatric populations of brown trout (salmo trutta). | two reproductively isolated demes of brown trout coexist in a small swedish mountain lake, lake bunnersjörna. we electrophoretically examined 102 specimens from that lake for 27 enzymes encoded by 54 loci. the two demes are fixed for different alleles at a lactate dehydrogenase locus (ldh-1); statistically significant allele frequency differences at five other loci further support the complete lack of gene flow between these demes. there are significant differences in growth rates between fish i ... | 1979 | 499765 |
| [occurrence and ultrastructure of mast cells in the hypothalamus of teleost fishes]. | from 56 light-, fluorescence- and electronmicroscopically investigated brains of fishes mast cells could be found only in 4 cases. they were concentrated in the meninges of one pike (esox licius) and in the meninges and at larger blood-vessels of the hypothalamus of 2 trouts (salmo trutta fario). in the hypothalamus of a carp (cyprinus carpio) an infiltration of mast cells was detectable in the meninges, at blood-vessels and capillaries, between neuronal and glial fibres and sub- and intraependy ... | 1979 | 473856 |
| the hydrolysis of dipeptides by mucosa from different regions of the alimentary tract of the brown trout (salmo trutta). | | 1979 | 461437 |
| [response of the brown trout (salmo trutta, l. 1766) and rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri richardson, 1836) to infection by a new rhabdovirus]. | intra peritoneal injection of 200 g trout hold at + 12 degrees c with 2x10(8) p.f.u. of a new rhabdovirus (strain 23.75) induces an interferon synthesis within 2 days. (if titres reaching 2,000 units/ml). 1 month later, the surviving fish exhibit a specific anti 23.75 neutralizing serum activity (titre 40 to 80) which has been demonstrated to be due to immunoglobulins. this seroneutralization is also recorded in 1/3 of the survivors of natural infection. | 1977 | 404069 |
| yersinia enterocolitica in borwn trout (salmo trutta l.) from norway. | in this pilot study, 20 brown trout (salmo trutta l.) from one area in western norway were investigated for the presence of yersinia enterocolitica (y.e.). three strains were isolated from three of these trout. all strains were classified as y.e. on the basis of biochemical properties. one of the strains showed antigenic relationship to y.e o-serotype 17. a second strain was antigenically related both to y.e. and y. pseudotuberculosis: agglutination against y.e. o-antisera 4-33, 18, and 21, was ... | 1976 | 1251738 |
| [isolation of a pathogenic rhabdovirus of brown trout (salmo trutta l., 1766)]. | a rhabdovirus pathogenic both for rainbow and brown trout has been isolated from brown trout suffering heavy mortalities associated with muscular haemorrages and necrotic lesions of kidney and spleen. according to seroneutralization tests and host range, this virus appears to be different from the other known salmonids rhabdoviruses. upon the basis of its in vitro gross characteristics, it is identical to viral haemorragic septicemia virus (vhs), f1 serotype, but differs from infectious hematopo ... | 1977 | 402225 |
| ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the yolk syncytial layer in the alevin of trout (salmo fario trutta l. and salmo gairdneri r.) after hatching. ii. the cytoplasmic zone. | in contrast to the vitellolysis zone which is involved in the degradation of the yolk, the cytoplasmic zone of the yolk syncytial layer, composed of many cytoplasmic organelles, is implicated in a secretory process. the granular endoplasmic reticulum of the latter is extremely well developed and organized into trabeculae. the yolk nuclei show a rna positive reaction. the golgi apparatus is implicated in the elaboration of very low density lipoproteins (vldl) and of acid phosphatase. the numerous ... | 1979 | 217540 |
| the effects of exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium on enzyme activities and accumulation of the metal in tissues and organs of rainbow and brown trout (salmo gairdneri, richardson and salmo trutta fario l.). | | 1979 | 37023 |
| changes in plasma glucagon, insulin and tissue metabolites associated with prolonged fasting in brown trout (salmo trutta fario) during two different seasons of the year. | 1. pyrenean brown trout juveniles (salmo trutta fario) were fasted for 50 days in late winter (experiment 1) and summer (experiment 2). plasma insulin, glucagon and glucose and some metabolites in plasma and in tissues were analysed. 2. glucagon increased significantly on the 3rd day of fasting in the winter experiment (controls 653.7 +/- 92.4 pg/ml, fasted 912.7 +/- 135.2 pg/ml), and the same tendency was observed on the 5th day in the summer experiment (controls 430.5 +/- 56.2 pg/ml, fasted 55 ... | 1992 | 1354588 |
| [the first stages of genesis of the pelvic fin analage in the trout (salmo fario and salmo gairdneri). iii. regulation capacities (author's transl)]. | in s. fario and s. gairdneri, microsurgical excisions of parts of pelvic fin-buds showed the important regulation capacities of the fin anlage. at the stages studied, a complete unilateral excision is generally not followed by a regulatory response. on the contrary, a unilateral partial excision performed at the same developmental stages is followed by a regulatory response. bilateral excision of the fin-buds, performed at earlier developmental stages than unilateral ones (and at a slightly diff ... | 1975 | 1194838 |
| a natural anti-a agglutinin in the serum of the brown trout (salmo trutta). | 20% of normal serum samples from adult brown trout (salmo trutta) possess an agglutinin for human erythrocytes with anti-blood-group a specificity. this agglutinin has properties which clearly distinguish it from the agglutinin with anti-(b+'p') specificity found in ova from fish of the same species and from anti-blood a antibodies found in human serum. | 1975 | 1173701 |
| [morphogenesis and structure of teleost teeth (salmo fario l.)]. | tooth formation has been studied in the fry and adult trout (salmo fario l.) in order to describe their structure and investigate the links between histogenetic and architectural features. odontoblasts show typical polarized kinetics during their activity; they shrink back from the tooth wall they have elaborated, without leaving any cytoplasmic process (tomes' fibres); so the dentine in a characteristic way lacks any cellular or canalicular inclusion, at any stage of its development. the tooth ... | 1975 | 1060625 |
| the immune response of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) to injection with soluble antigens. | the immune response of brown trout (salmo trutta) to horse serum and keyhole limpet haemocyanin was studied. intraperitoneal and intramuscular injections were used, with and without adjuvant, in 209 fish. complement-fixing antibodies (cfa) and precipitins were produced to both antigens. cfa were detected after 8 days to haemocyanin and after 13 days to horse serum. maximum cfa titres to a single intraperitoneal injection of horse serum or haemocyanin were reached at 44 and 43-46 days respectivel ... | 1976 | 1022141 |
| the primary structure of histone h2b from brown trout (salmo trutta) testes. | | 1976 | 986955 |
| permeability of trout erythrocytes to nonelectrolytes. | using a densimeter technique, a kinetic analysis was made, employing both entrance and exit studies, of the permeability of erythrocytes of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), german brown trout (salmo trutta) and cutthroat trout (salmo clarki) to glycerol, ethylene glycol, thiourea and urea. all of the data indicate that these four nonelectrolytes cross the membrane of the erythrocytes of these four species of fishes by simple diffusion only. | 1976 | 974163 |
| some plasma hormones and metabolites in the pyrenean brown trout (salmo trutta fario). | 1. pyrenean brown trout (salmo trutta fario) from 200 to 1700 g were analysed in lots of 12 specimens in march, april, july and october 1988, and in january 1989. 2. hormones (insulin, glucagon, cortisol) and metabolites (glucose, lactate, proteins, triglycerides) were determined in plasma. 3. body parameters (length and weight) increased progressively, while plasma metabolites and hormones were more dependent on seasonal and sexual conditions. 4. plasma insulin presented a maximum in spring (11 ... | 1991 | 1685386 |
| observations on the life-cycle of the strigeoid trematode, apatemon (apatemon) gracilis (rudolphi, 1819) szidat, 1928. | the life-cycle of apatemon (a.) gracilis was completed in the laboratory. the snail host is lymnaea peregra (muller). the cercaria is redescribed from a wide range of material. metacercariae were found in naturally infected rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri richardson), three-spined sticklebacks (gasterosteus aculeatus l.) and stone loach (nemacheilus barbatulus (l.)) from scotland and in three-spined sticklebacks from iceland. in trout, most metacercariae were found in the pericardial cavity, in s ... | 1976 | 965706 |
| genetic variation in scandinavian brown trout (salmo trutta l.): evidence of distinct sympatric populations. | | 1976 | 965242 |
| enveloping layer and periderm of the trout embryo (salmo trutta fario l.)20u. | the origin of pericarderm and epidermis has been studied in trout embryos from stage 20(2 days after fertilization at 10degrees c) to hatching (stage 410). between stages 20 and 50, the blastodisc consists of an inner mass of blastomeres covered by a superficial layer of closely packed blastomeres, the peripheral layer. this layer gives rise to both peripheral cells and to cells joining the inner mass of blastomeres. between stages 50 and 110, junctions differentiate between peripheral cells. th ... | 1976 | 954062 |
| gene duplication in salmonid fishes: evidence for duplicated but catalytically equivalent a4 lactate dehydrogenases. | skeletal muscle tissues from many species of salmonid fish are known to exhibit a set of three of five isozymes for a4-type lactate dehydrogenase (l-lactate: nad oxidoreductase, e.c. 1.1.1.27), but the genetic basis for this isozyme system has not previously been assessed. this isozyme system was purified to homogeneity from salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and shown to be composed of two polypeptides. aalpha and abeta, in binomial tetrameric combinations. amino acid analysis revealed that aalp ... | 1977 | 921740 |
| [ulcerative dermal necrosis (udn) of the river trout (salmo trutta fario) in switzerland. ii. predisposing and infection-precipitating factors]. | | 1977 | 897655 |
| [ulcerative dermal necrosis (udn) of the river trout (salmo trutta fario) in switzerland. i. macroscopical and microscopical findings]. | | 1977 | 877539 |
| metal toxicity to embryos and larvae of eight species of freshwater fish-ii: copper. | fish larvae and early juveniles of all species tested (brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, lake trout, northern pike, white sucker, herring, and smallmouth bass) were more sensitive to copper than the embryos. embryo survival was affected only at the higher concentrations tested, for all species except the rainbow trout. the concentrations of copper that caused significant effects on the larval standing crop were similar for all species (31.7-43.5 microgram cu/1) except the northern pike, w ... | 1978 | 667389 |
| [chloromyxum sp. (myxosporidia) in the kidney of salmo trutta f. fario (osteichthyes)]. | chloromyxum sp. is described from the kidney of one to four years old brown trout from thuringia. this species is not distinguishable from c. wardi by light microscopy, but is not identified here with that species because of the different location. | 1991 | 1928797 |
| ultrastructure and cytochemistry study of the yolk syncytial layer in the alevin of trout (salmo fario trutta l.) after hatching. i. the vitellolysis zone. | after hatching, the yolk syncytial layer of salmo fario trutta may be subdivided into two zones, namely, the vitellolysis zone (containing numerous yolk platelets), and the cytoplasmic zone (where yolk platelets are rare). in the vitellolysis zone, two stages in the utilization of the yolk are observed: 1) the first stage, comprises the formation of yolk platelets from coalescent yolk by spherical cutting out and basal scission. this process seems to be achieved by the invagination of fibrillar ... | 1979 | 570459 |
| monoclonal antibodies to salmonid immunoglobulin: characterization and applicability in immunoassays. | monoclonal antibodies to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) igm were prepared and characterized for use in immunoassays. antibodies produced by the five clones reacted with the heavy chain of the immunoglobulin. no indication of different heavy chain isotype specificity was observed for the mabs. one clone discerned igm from rainbow trout while the other four clones cross-reacted with igm from atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and from brown trout (salmo trutta). the monoclonal antibodies identifie ... | 1990 | 2086271 |
| minisatellite dna fingerprints of salmonid fishes. | the human minisatellite probes 33.6 and 33.15 cross-hybridized to dna digests of atlantic salmon, brown trout and rainbow trout revealing complex multi-banded patterns. these dna fingerprints (in excess of 40 resolvable fragments in some cases) were highly polymorphic, individual specific and found to be stable, both somatically and in the germline. pedigree analysis of an atlantic salmon family confirmed that the minisatellite fragments showed mendelian inheritance. with only a single occurrenc ... | 1990 | 2090009 |
| isozyme loci in brown trout (salmo trutta l.): detection and interpretation from population data. | | 1977 | 562331 |
| [parasites of salmo trutta l. from the tirino river. part iv. intermediate hosts of cyathocephalus truncatus (pallas, 1781) and dentitruncus truttae sinzar, 1955]. | during studies on helminth parasites of brown trout (salmo trutta l.) from the river tirino (l'aquila - italy), the intermediate hosts of cyathocephalus truncatus (pallas, 1781) and dentitruncus truttae sinzar, 1955 have been searched for. a total of 15,444 amphipoda belonging to the following 3 species: echinogammarus roco karman, 1973, echinogammarus tibaldii pinkster and stock, 1970, and gammarus italicus goedmakers and pinkster, 1977, have been dissected. e. roco, e. tibaldii and g. italicus ... | 1978 | 553269 |
| [parasites of salmo trutta l. from the titino river. part iii. histological observations of parasites of the intestinal tract]. | during researches on helminth parasites of salmo trutta l. from the river tirino (l'aquila - italy) histological studies of the intestinal tract of brown trout infected by the following species: crowcrocaecum testiobliquum (wisnewski, 1932) skrjabin e koval, 1956; cyathocephalus truncatus (pallas, 1781);o truttaedacnitis truttae (fabricius, 1794) petter, 1974 and dentitruncus truttae sinzar, 1955 have been carried out. the attachment of the single species and the histological changes in the host ... | 1978 | 553268 |
| [parasites of salmo trutta l. from the tirino river. ii. host-parasite interactions of helminth species]. | the hundred and sixteen brown trout (salmo trutta l.) which were examined for helminth parasites were captured in the river tirino, (l'acquila - italy). six parasite species (phyllodistomum simile, crowcrocaecum testiobliquum, crepidostomum metoecus, cyathocephalus truncatus, truttaedacnitis truttae and dentitruncus truttae) were recovered. ecological studies on each helminth species recovered have been carried out analysing the following aspects; the preference of each parasite species for cert ... | 1978 | 553267 |
| the effects of calcium on water balance of the brown trout salmo trutta. | water space, tritiated water flux, drinking and urine flow rates of the brown trout were decreased by increasing the environmental calcium concentration. diffusional and osmotic permeabilities were identical in fresh water. this suggests that water flow across the gill occurs entirely by diffusion. previous suggestions of a discrepancy between the two permeabilities in freshwater teleosts could have been due to an overestimation of urine flow rate upon which the determination of osmotic permeabi ... | 1975 | 1202127 |
| the effect of hypophysectomy and prolactin therapy on water balance of the brown trout salmo trutta. | a technique for the hypophysectomy of the brown trout is described which might be applicable to other salmonids. hypophysectomy produced a decrease in water turnover which was corrected by prolactin therapy. hypophysectomy resulted in a decrease in the next flux of osmotic water. both osmotic and diffusional water permeabilities were evenly decreased after hypophysectomy, such that the ratio of the osmotic and diffusional permeability coefficients (pos/pd) retained a value of approximately unity ... | 1975 | 1202128 |
| the fine structure of the epidermis of two species of salmonid fish, the atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). and the brown trout (salmo trutta l.) | the fine structure of epidermal mucous cells of two species of salmonid fish has been described. mucous cells are, next to filament-containing cells, the most commonly encountered cells in fish epidermis. the development of the cells as they progress to the periphery has been characterised. they are initially difficult to distinguish from filament-containing cells: later, they can be recognised by the presence of much smooth-surfaced e.r. the mucigenesis and the subsequent secretion of mucus has ... | 1975 | 1238172 |
| the effects of hypophysectomy, prolactin therapy and environmental calcium on electrolyte balance of the brown trout salmo trutta, l. | adaptation of the brown trout to fresh water containing increasing concentrations of calcium resulted in a decrease in plasma electrolyte level and total electrolyte excretion. the electrolyte excretion rate was higher at the beginning than at the end of the urine collection periods. hypophysectomized fish had a lower plasma electrolyte concentration than the controls. this deficiency was partially corrected by polactin therapy. high environmental calcium was only effective to a limited extent. ... | 1976 | 1270991 |
| synthesis of n-acetyl neuraminic acid from [14c] glucose by the epidermis of the brown trout, salmo trutta l. | | 1976 | 1277795 |
| effect of potassium ethylxanthate and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate on the accumulation and disposition of nickel in the brown trout (salmo trutta). | brown trouts, salmo trutta, were exposed to water containing 0.1 or 10 micrograms/l of 63ni2+, alone or with potassium ethylxanthate or sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. after one and three weeks the accumulation and disposition of the 63ni2+ in the fish were examined by liquid scintillation spectrometry and whole-body autoradiography. the sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was found to greatly enhance the uptake of 63ni2+ in several tissues of the trouts. potassium ethylxanthate was without effect. die ... | 1988 | 2840649 |
| identification of a cyprinid fish, the tench tinca tinca l., as a carrier of the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida, causative agent of furunculosis in salmonids. | a typical, pigment-producing strain of aeromonas salmonicida (a. sal.), the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish species, was isolated from a cyprinid species, the tench tinca tinca l. with papilloma-like skin alterations. histopathology of the papilloma-like skin alterations in tench revealed "round holes", distinctly lined by thick layers of epithelial cells, but no bacteria. the organism was isolated from skin, gills and fins, but not internal organs. the isolate proved highly vir ... | 1992 | 1462724 |
| [triiodothyronine is needed for the acclimatization of brown trout (salmo trutta) or rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to seawater]. | brown and rainbow trout, held in freshwater at 13 +/- 1 degrees, were injected, every 3 days, with iopanoic acid (iop: 5 mg/100 g body wt), an inhibitor of deiodination of thyroxine (t4) to triiodothyronine (t3). one group of iop-treated rainbow trout was immersed in t3 (20 micrograms/l water). in iop trout, plasma t3 fell to very low levels by day 7, while changes in t4 levels were less marked. in iop + t3 trout plasma t3 increased fivefold, plasma t4 being unchanged. no mortality occurred and ... | 1992 | 1521165 |
| eggshell zona radiata-proteins from cod (gadus morhua): extra-ovarian origin and induction by estradiol-17 beta. | using atlantic cod (gadus morhua) as a model organism, the aim of this report was to delineate whether teleostean eggshell zona radiata proteins have their origin, i.e., site of synthesis, in gonadal or somatic tissues. estradiol-17 beta was administered intraperitoneally to one-year-old cod (gadus morhua) with either undeveloped gonads or with differentiated gonads. by immunoblotting procedures estradiol-dependent protein induction was investigated using specific rabbit antisera directed agains ... | 1992 | 1525012 |
| metabolic alkalosis and the response of the trout, salmo fario, to acute severe hypoxia. | trout (salmo fario) were acutely transferred from seawater to freshwater in order to induce blood metabolic alkalosis (cf. maxime et al., j. comp. physiol. 160: 31-39, 1990). after 2 weeks, the fish were exposed to severe environmental hypoxia (final water oxygen partial pressure, pwo2 = 25-45 torr, reached within 20 min), to assess the impact of the experimentally induced alkalosis, and hence increased haemoglobin-oxygen (hb-o2) affinity, on various aspects of the hypoxic response. this was acc ... | 1992 | 1553451 |
| expression of the homeobox engrailed gene during the embryonic development of the nervous system of the trout (salmo fario l.). | the expression of the engrailed homeobox gene during trout embryogenesis has been examined using immunohistochemistry and the monoclonal antibody 'mab 4d9'. engrailed has been suggested to play an important role during development by controlling position-specific characteristics in the cns of the early embryo. in the present study we have analyzed the expression of engrailed at 5 stages of embryonic development of the trout (salmo fario l.). the earliest stage analyzed was when the optic vesicle ... | 1991 | 1684031 |
| mineral content and blood parameters of dying brown trout (salmo trutta l.) exposed to acid and aluminum in soft water. | 1. whole body mineral content and blood parameters were monitored in dying brown trout exposed to acid (ph 4.5) and aluminium (12 mumol l-1) at low external calcium concentration (20 mumol l-1). 2. fish surviving the treatment had elevated haematocrit, low plasma sodium levels, and low whole body sodium and potassium content. 3. dying trout had haematocrit and plasma sodium levels similar to treatment survivors, but whole body mineral content was unaffected and moisture content increased. 4. dea ... | 1991 | 1685405 |
| analysis of the structure and variability of nucleolar organizer regions of salmo trutta by c-, ag-, and restriction endonuclease banding. | nucleolar organizer regions (nors) of brown trout were investigated using c-, ag-, and restriction endonuclease banding. the presence of constitutive heterochromatin was confirmed by c-banding. giemsa-staining, c-banding, and ag-banding revealed great variability in the size of the short arm of the nor-bearing chromosome. this size variation was due in some cases to nor duplication. restriction endonuclease digestion induced a specific banding pattern for alui, ddei, haeiii, mboi, and hinfi, ind ... | 1990 | 1701115 |
| distribution of the salmonid hpa 1 family in the salmonid species demonstrated by in vitro runoff transcription assay of total genomic dna: a procedure to estimate repetitive frequency and sequence divergence of a certain repetitive family with a few known sequences. | an in vitro runoff transcription assay of total genomic dna was developed. as an example of use of this assay, analysis of a highly repetitive sequence in the cherry salmon (oncorhynchus masou) is described. total genomic dna of the cherry salmon was completely digested with hpa 1, whose site is known to be in the trna-unrelated region of the cherry salmon hpa 1 family. on transcription of the digested dna in a hela cell extract, a discrete-sized rna of about 100 nucleotides, constituting 70% of ... | 1991 | 1707099 |
| effects of six trace metals on calcium fluxes in brown trout (salmo trutta l.) in soft water. | calcium fluxes were measured simultaneously in brown trout fry maintained in an artificial soft water medium of [ca] 20 mumol.1(-1) and ph 5.6, and exposed to each of six trace metals (al, cu, fe, ni, pb, and zn). the trace metal concentrations represented typical and maximum levels found in acid waters experiencing declining fishery status. in the absence of trace metals, evidence is presented which suggests that ca. 91% of ca taken up from the external medium was by extraintestinal active tran ... | 1991 | 1744250 |
| oestradiol-17 beta induces the major vitelline envelope proteins in both sexes in teleosts. | during growth of the ovarian follicle, the teleost oocyte becomes surrounded by an acellular coat, the vitelline envelope. the nature, origin and number of the vitelline envelope proteins in fish appear to vary with species. in this work, polyclonal antibodies directed against vitelline envelope proteins from rainbow trout, brown trout and turbot were used to show that oestradiol-17 beta induces the major vitelline envelope proteins in juveniles, both males and females, from different species. t ... | 1991 | 1744570 |
| [fish diseases in switzerland. a statistical evaluation of the diagnostic materials of the fish research laboratory from 1979-1988. i. general aspects]. | the entire diagnostic material of the fish disease laboratory at the university of berne from 1979 to 1988, a total of more than 3800 cases, is presented. not included is material of import controls and material from experimental work. the following criteria were evaluated: fish species, origin and length of fish, season, infectious and noninfectious diseases. furthermore, the results were investigated for changes of the composition of fish species and number of diseases within the ten-year peri ... | 1991 | 1771407 |
| [sphaerospora truttae (myxosporidia) in salmo trutta and thymallus thymallus: first detection in thüringia and in the hartz region and also in the grayling]. | s. truttae is described from brown trout and grayling in middle germany. this species is obviously not connected with pkx, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd) in salmonids. s. truttae, however, is important in this connection from the viewpoint of differential diagnostics. | 1991 | 1888073 |
| effects of domestic wastewater on serum enzyme activities of brown trout (salmo trutta). | 1. chronic injuries of kidney and liver tissue of brown trout caused by domestic wastewater were not accompanied by increased activities of serum enzymes (got, gpt). 2. increased enzyme activities were only observed in fish with acute saproloegnia infection. 3. it is important to distinguish between acute and chronic responses of serum enzymes in diseased fish. | 1990 | 1982877 |
| small-square (ss) net exists in trout muscle. | the small-square-net form (with the large-square-net form) was clearly observed in brown trout muscle in cross-square-net-section. fresh adductor mandibularis and dorsal muscle strips, isometrically clamped to prevent contraction, were prefixed in 3% glutaraldehyde, 0.1 m cacodylate, ph 7.4, and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in veronal acetate buffer at 2 degrees c. the samples were dehydrated, embedded in epon-araldite, cross-sectioned, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate for e ... | 1989 | 2514537 |
| ontogenesis of diurnal rhythms of camp concentration, outer segment disc shedding and retinomotor movements in the eye of the brown trout, salmo trutta. | histological analyses of the retina of salmo trutta post-embryos exhibit rhythmic disc shedding at 6 weeks, followed by cyclic retinomotor movements at 7 weeks. diurnal variations in camp concentration, as established by a radioreceptor assay, develop simultaneously with retinomotor movements and are fully expressed at 9.5 weeks. in continuous darkness, neither retinomotor movements nor intra-ocular peaks of camp occur, indicating that the endogenous oscillator for retinomotor movements and camp ... | 1989 | 2555021 |
| esr analysis of irradiated frogs' legs and fishes. | electron spin resonance (esr) spectral analysis of different parts (bones, scales, jaw, etc.) from ionized (irradiated) frozen frogs' legs and fishes (brown trout and sardine) were recorded. there is always present, after treatment, a signal due to the irradiation. esr and endor experiments lead us to assign it to h1 centers from hydroxyapatite, as in the case of other irradiated meat bones. the use of esr to prove whether one of these foods has been irradiated or not is discussed. | 1989 | 2559057 |
| the deleterious effects of cortisol implantation on reproductive function in two species of trout, salmo trutta l. and salmo gairdneri richardson. | implantation of a cortisol-releasing pellet (60 mg kg-1 fish) into the peritoneal cavity of brown trout, salmo trutta l. (sexually maturing males and females), and rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri richardson (maturing males and immature fish of both sexes), significantly elevated their plasma cortisol level. at 18 days postimplantation, cortisol-implanted sexually maturing male brown trout had smaller gonads, a lower plasma testosterone level, and less gonadotropin in their pituitary gland than co ... | 1989 | 2591721 |
| the spectral transmission of the lens and cornea of the brown trout (salmo trutta) and goldfish (carassius auratus)--effect of age and implications for ultraviolet vision. | this study reports spectral transmission curves (250-700 nm) for the lenses and corneas of two teleost species known to be u.v. sensitive; brown trout (salmo trutta) aged 0-3 yr, and goldfish (carassius auratus) aged 0-4 yr. in both cases there is a decrease in lenticular short-wave transmission with increased age which cannot be explained by an increase in lens size alone. corneas of goldfish go through a similar ageing process while those of the trout do not. an orange pigmentation located in ... | 1989 | 2623828 |
| androgen binding in the skin of mature male brown trout, salmo trutta l. | specific, saturable binding of [3h]testosterone (kd = 12.5 nm, nmax = 1.1 pmol mg-1 protein) has been identified in skin cytosol of mature male brown trout. binding with this affinity and capacity resembles more closely that observed in the plasma of mature male brown trout (kd = 20.6 nm, nmax = 6.6 pmol mg-1 protein) than that expected of a specific steroid receptor. however, the fraction of skin cytosol precipitating with 30% ammonium sulphate has a higher affinity for testosterone (kd = 1.9 n ... | 1987 | 3582954 |
| the ecology of crepidostomum species (allocreadiidae: digenea) in the salmonoids of lake yli-kitka in northeastern finland. | crepidostomum spp. were studied from 417 whitefish (coregonus acronius rapp, 1854), 220 vendace (coregonus albula l.) and 38 brown trout (salmo trutta m. lacustris (l.)) from lake yli-kitka in northeastern finland during 1980-1983.12.7% of the whitefish were infected with crepidostomum with a mean intensity of 4.6 worms per infected fish. the species involvedare c. farionis (müller, 1784) and crepidostomum wikgreni gibson et valtonen, 1988, which differed from c. farionis in the number and size ... | 1989 | 2767545 |
| triiodothyronine binding to putative solubilized nuclear thyroid hormone receptor in liver and gill of the brown trout (salmo trutta) and the european eel (anguilla anguilla). | the binding of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) to salt-extracted nuclear protein of liver and gill from trout and eel was studied in vitro. [125i]t3 binding depended on the temperature and protein concentration. binding equilibria were achieved in the two tissues of each species between 15 and 24 hr at 4 degrees. the binding was reversible in the presence of excess unlabeled t3. scatchard analysis showed a single class of high affinity and low capacity t3 binding species considered, 2.71 x 10(-10) ... | 1989 | 2806877 |
| tracts of putative ultraviolet receptors in the retina of the two-year-old brown trout (salmo trutta) and the atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | we previously showed that the brown trout possesses uv-sensitive cones in its retina that are lost in 2-year-old fish. however, present investigations reveal that in the narrow growth zone along the periphery and the ventral embryonic fissure, the formation of these cones continues in trout and salmon. | 1987 | 3691736 |
| changes in plasma vitellogenin, sex steroids, calcitonin, and thyroid hormones related to sexual maturation in female brown trout (salmo trutta). | female brown trout (salmo trutta) from a wild strain (baltic sea trout) and a cultured strain were sampled individually for blood plasma at regular intervals during the period around final sexual maturation. the plasma samples were analyzed for vitellogenin (vtg), estradiol-17 beta, testosterone, 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-p), calcitonin, tri-iodothyronine (t3), thyroxine (t4), and total and free plasma calcium. in the wild fish, vtg, estradiol-17 beta, and testoster ... | 1989 | 2806878 |
| the effects of acute and chronic stress on the levels of reproductive hormones in the plasma of mature male brown trout, salmo trutta l. | chronic confinement for 1 month caused a significant elevation of plasma cortisol but suppressed the levels of plasma testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone in sexually mature male brown trout. an acute handling stress for 1 hr elevated blood cortisol and acth levels and also suppressed circulating androgens. this androgen suppression in response to acute stress was accompanied by an elevation of plasma gonadotropin levels. these findings are discussed in relation to stress-induced suppression of ... | 1987 | 2828150 |
| mercury levels in fish in a river habitat after cessation of mercury contamination. | the rate of decrease shown by mercury levels in brown trout (salmo trutta) and perch (perca fluviatilis) collected downstream to a wood pulp factory after a ban on the use of phenyl mercury in the pulp and paper industries was made effective in 1970 has been slow. even though a river habitat was involved, it seemed to take about 15 years for levels of mercury in downstream fish to fall to those recorded in fish upstream to the wood pulp factory. | 1986 | 3797236 |
| dna sequence variation of the mitochondrial control region among geographically and morphologically remote european brown trout salmo trutta populations. | throughout its natural range, the brown trout salmo trutta l. exhibits a complex pattern of morphological and life-history variation. this has led to considerable taxonomic confusion, hampering the understanding of the evolutionary history of the species. to document the phylogenetic relationships among morphologically and geographically remote brown trout populations across western europe, we determined the dna sequence variation in segments of the mitochondrial control region for 151 individua ... | 1992 | 1344992 |
| ultrastructural neurobiology of the olfactory mucosa of the brown trout, salmo trutta. | this paper describes four investigations of the olfactory mucosa of the brown trout: 1) the ultrastructure of the olfactory mucosa as revealed by scanning (sem), conventional transmission (tem), and high voltage (hvem) electron microscopy; 2) light and electron-microscopic investigations of retrograde transport of the tracer macromolecule horseradish peroxidase (hrp) when applied to the cut olfactory nerve; 3) sem and tem investigations of the effects of olfactory nerve transection on cell popul ... | 1992 | 1392070 |
| [metal concentrations in fishes of the rednitz river]. | we investigated 39 fish species (eel, brown trout, chub, carp bream, roach, perch, pike etc.) from the river rednitz (north bavaria) for content of the metals mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium and zinc. the residue tolerance level for mercury (1 mg/kg) and the standard value of the federal public health office for lead (0.5 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.05 mg/kg) have not been exceeded in any case. because a small selenium concentration gives protection against the toxicity of mercury, we also h ... | 1985 | 4024745 |
| somatostatin stimulates acth release in brown trout (salmo trutta l.). | injections of somatostatin (srif) produced small but significant increases in the serum cortisol concentration of brown trout in which endogenous acth secretion was suppressed with dexamethasone. srif did not stimulate in vitro secretion of cortisol by trout interrenal tissue. these results suggest that srif may play a minor role in acth secretion in salmonids. | 1986 | 2867005 |
| localization of crf-like immunoreactivity in the brain and pituitary of teleost fish. | immunocytochemical techniques were applied to brain and pituitary sections of eleven teleost species. a corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-antiserum allowed the identification of a crf-like system in these species. perikarya were labeled in the preoptic nucleus. labeled fibers were traced laterally, then ventrally close to the optic chiasma, forming two symmetrical tracts running through the basal hypothalamus. these ended in the rostral neurohypophysis (nh) close to acth cells as shown by dou ... | 1988 | 2896342 |
| localization of calmodulin positive immunoreactivity in the surface epidermis of the brown trout, salmo trutta. | calmodulin is a ca2+-dependent modulatory protein which is required in the general regulation of a large number of key processes of cellular metabolism. in the present study, the localization of calmodulin positive immunoreactivity in the epidermis of the brown trout, salmo trutta was investigated using a specific mouse monoclonal antibody to calmodulin of igg2 class. the immunoreaction was found only in the superficial epithelial cells that constitute the main histological site for the producti ... | 1989 | 2925445 |
| independence of the pituitary-interrenal axis and melanotroph activity in the brown trout, salmo trutta l., under conditions of environmental stress. | adaptation of brown trout to a black or white background had no statistically significant influence on the activity of the pituitary-interrenal axis in unstressed fish, in fish under conditions of mild chronic stress, or in fish under conditions of severe, acute stress. this finding is in contrast to several other studies on salmonid fish in which background color adaptation has been shown to modulate the pituitary-interrenal response to environmental stress. it is argued that these differences ... | 1986 | 3030875 |
| [histochemistry of the formation of cordal sheaths in a salmonide, salmo fario l]. | | 1967 | 4180406 |
| on the use of dexamethasone to block the pituitary-interrenal axis in the brown trout, salmo trutta l. | oral administration of dexamethasone in a single meal at a dose of 3 micrograms g-1 body wt was sufficient to block the secretion of acth and cortisol in brown trout subjected to a handling stress followed by 30 min confinement. this dose, however, also had a marked effect on several of the circulating blood cell types. lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were reduced in dexamethasone-treated fish whereas erythrocyte counts increased. the value of dexamethasone as a tool for investigating the role ... | 1987 | 3030876 |
| differential susceptibility of salmonid fishes to furunculosis correlates with differential serum enhancement of aeromonas salmonicida extracellular protease activity. | rainbow trout, atlantic salmon and brown trout, respectively, exhibit an increasing order of susceptibility to furunculosis. we investigated if this may be due to a differential sensitivity to exotoxins or ability to inhibit the exoprotease which is required by the bacterium to digest protein for growth. differences were slight in susceptibility to exotoxins and serum inhibition of exoprotease at high exotoxin:serum ratios. however, at low ratios brown trout serum markedly enhanced protease acti ... | 1988 | 3059141 |
| [seasonal changes in the enzyme pattern and neurosecretion content as well as innervation of the preoptic nucleus in the brook trout (salmo trutta fario) with special reference to the hypothalamic hydrencephalokrinia]. | | 1970 | 4331425 |
| [differentiation and ultrastructure of the distal skeleton of the pectoral fin of the native trout (salmo trutta fario l.). i. differentiation and ultrastructure of the actinotrichia]. | | 1974 | 4367392 |
| [differentiation and ultrastructure of distal skeleton of pectoral fin of indigenous trout (salmo trutta fario l.). ii. differentiation and ultrastructure of lepidotrichia]. | | 1974 | 4469410 |
| host-parasite relationships between larval sialis lutaria (megaloptera) and neoechinorhynchus rutili (acanthocephala). | the role of the larva of the alder fly sialis lutaria as a host for neoechinorhynchus rutili (acanthocephala) has been investigated. brown trout (salmo trutta) infected with n. rutili were found to be feeding on s. lutaria larvae which contained juvenile acanthocephalans in their haemocoels. these acanthocephalans have been identified as n. rutili. a previous report of this host-parasite relationship indicated some form of host response to the larval acanthocephalan. stained wax sections of s. l ... | 1988 | 3200605 |
| occurrence of eubothrium crassum (bloch, 1779) (cestoda: pseudophyllidea in brown trout salmotrutta l., and rainbow trout s. gairdneri richardson, 1836, from hanningfield reservoir, essex. | | 1972 | 4641402 |
| evidence for post-cyclic transmission in the life-history of neoechinorhynchus rutili (acanthocephala). | field observations at one site on brown trout (salmo trutta) and three-spined sticklebacks (gasterosteus aculeatus) concurrently infected with mature neoechinorhynchus rutili, together with the knowledge that large trout can be piscivorous in habit led to the proposition that the post-cyclic transmission of n. rutili may occur between these fish species. this route of transmission has been suggested for a number of acanthocephalan species. a laboratory experiment was conducted and it was demonst ... | 1988 | 3200606 |
| supracellular microtubule alignments in cell layers associated with the secretion of certain fish scales. | intercellularly aligned microtubule arrays are present in cell layers associated with the growth and secretion of scales in the zebra fish brachydanio rerio and the neon tetra fish hyphessobrycon innesi. the layers in question are: the osteoblast layer that covers the ossified outer surface of a scale, and the layer of fibroblasts that is situated immediately underneath the inner collagenous surface of a scale's fibrillary plate. in certain osteoblasts, the proximal portions of microtubules (wit ... | 1986 | 3308914 |
| morphology of the pronephros of the juvenile brown trout, salmo trutta. | the pronephros in juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta) consists of a large ovoid renal corpuscle and a pair of tubules. the corpuscle is retained for 11 months, after which the glomerulus regresses. the glomerular arteries come directly from the dorsal aorta. the interstitium is permeated with venous blood vessels that arise from the anterior cardinal veins and are closely apposed to the tubules. two distinct segments of the pronephric tubular system are distinguished by the histological and ultr ... | 1988 | 3351948 |
| correlation between total serum protein and albumin-globulin ratio in malnourished brown trout. | | 1970 | 5528563 |
| seasonal variation in specific plasma- and target-tissue binding of androgens, relative to plasma steroid levels, in the brown trout, salmo trutta l. | the circulating levels of the plasma androgens, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, and their specific binding to skin cytosol, skin nuclear extract, and plasma were determined in mature male and immature male and female brown trout during a single spawning cycle. 11-ketotestosterone was not bound by any of the fractions examined whereas testosterone was bound with high affinity to plasma (kd = 32.6 nm), skin cytosol (kd = 16.9 nm), and skin nuclear extract (kd = 2.6 nm). the binding capacity ... | 1988 | 3384312 |
| alterations in the peripheral lymphoid organs and differential leukocyte counts in saprolegnia-infected brown trout, salmo trutta fario. | the number of circulating leukocytes and the structure of splenic and renal lymphoid tissue were comparatively analysed in healthy and saprolegnia-infected wild brown trout, salmo trutta fario. sick trout showed lymphopenia, mainly due to decreased numbers of circulating small lymphocytes, and heterophilia. the splenic and renal lymphoid tissue of infected trout exhibited similar changes, consisting of cellular depletion, lymphoid cell degeneration, and vascular alterations with blood vessel enl ... | 1988 | 3388763 |
| phosphoglucose isomerase isozymes and allozymes of the brown trout, salmo trutta l. | 1. in brown trout the pgi-1 and pgi-2 loci are predominantly expressed in white skeletal muscle; pgi-3 being mainly expressed in most other tissues. 2. total pgi activity determinations revealed that the allele formerly designated pgi-2(65) is a null allele, pgi-2(n). 3. enzyme kinetic studies on the partially purified pgi homodimeric isozymes revealed that from 5 to 25 degrees c both pgi-1 and pgi-2 had significantly higher mean km(f6p) values compared to pgi-3. 4. distinct metabolic roles for ... | 1987 | 3427913 |
| ultraviolet receptors, tetrachromatic colour vision and retinal mosaics in the brown trout (salmo trutta): age-dependent changes. | microspectrophotometric analysis of the visual receptors of "yearling" brown trout, salmo trutta, revealed three cone types, double cones with visual pigments absorbing maximally at about 600 and 535 nm, and two types of single cone with lambda max at about 440 and 355 nm. two-year-old fish did not possess the u.v. cone cells. microscopical analysis of the cone mosaic in "yearling" trout showed a square pattern of double cones with a central single cone and corner single cones, but in two-year-o ... | 1987 | 3447359 |
| immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like material in the brain and the pituitary gland during the periovulatory period in the brown trout (salmo trutta l.): relationships with the plasma and pituitary gonadotropin. | in fish there are few data on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gn-rh) neurosecretory activity, which could explain long- and short-term variations of the gonadotropin secretion. there is no biological species specificity between mammal and fish gn-rh; although there is a structural difference, they are, on the contrary, characterized by a high immunological specificity which does not allow measurement of fish gn-rh using radioimmunoassay for lh-rh. we have synthesized salmon gn-rh according t ... | 1986 | 3510150 |
| calcific heart disease in new zealand brown trout. | | 1968 | 5684853 |
| [contributions on hydroencephalocrania: i. hypothalamic hydroencephalocrania in the trout (salmo trutta fario)]. | | 1967 | 6062989 |
| estrogen-binding sites in the liver of sexually mature male and female brown trout, salmo trutta l. | binding sites with characteristics conforming to those of a putative estrogen receptor have been identified in the liver of sexually mature male and female brown trout. [3h]estradiol is bound with high affinity (kd in the 10(-9) m range) and limited capacity (less than 400 fmol mg-1 protein) to a proteinaceous moiety in liver cytosol. binding is highly specific, only estradiol and estrone displace specifically bound [3h]estradiol. cortisol, testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, and 17 alpha, 20 bet ... | 1986 | 3510151 |
| gonadotropin hormone (gth) receptors in the ovary of the brown trout salmo trutta l. in vitro studies. | a method has been developed suitable for the study of the binding of salmon (oncorhynchus tsawytscha) gonadotropic hormone (gth) to brown trout (salmo trutta) ovarian particulate fractions. several proteolytic enzyme inhibitors were tested to preserve the binding capacity of particulate fractions (1000, 20,000, and 110,000g) from yolky oocytes. the best preservation was obtained with trypsin inhibitor. the effects on binding of the ph, time, and temperature of the incubation were investigated. b ... | 1986 | 3557086 |
| comparative ultrastructure of the zona radiata from eggs of six species of salmonids. | the zona radiata from unactivated and activated eggs from chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha), chum salmon (o. kisutch), pink salmon (o. gorbuscha), brown trout (salmo trutta), rainbow trout (s. gairdneri) and lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) were examined using scanning and transmission microscopy. the zona radiata in all species examined consisted of an outer adhesive coating, a thin densely staining zona radiata externa with pore canal plugs and a thick, fibrous zona radiata interna wi ... | 1987 | 3690632 |
| effects of bleached kraft mill effluent on early life stages of brown trout (salmo trutta l.). | brown trout (salmo trutta l.) eggs fertilized in clean water were incubated in bleached kraft mill effluent (bkme) concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% (v/v) in a continuous-flow system and exposure was continued with the sac fry for most of the yolk sac stage. in addition, sac fry first incubated in clean water were exposed after hatching to the same concentrations for 44 days. percentage hatching was lower than in the control only in 2% bkme. in all the bkme concentrations, the newly hatched sa ... | 1987 | 3691367 |
| the effect of dose, route, number of injections and the use of adjuvant on the clearance of and immune response to, haemocyanin following injection into brown trout (salmo trutta). | the primary and secondary immune responses were investigated in trout injected with haemocyanin (hcn) intramuscularly (im) or intraperitoneally (ip), with or without adjuvant. hcn was detected in the blood 30 min after injection and clearance times varied after one injection from 8 to 56 days. fish given two and three injections cleared the antigen faster. precipitins against hcn were first detected 21 to 30 days after injection and were still present on day 56. however, antibodies detectable by ... | 1986 | 3765340 |
| kinetic studies on the lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of the brown trout, salmo trutta l. | informative crosses have verified the genetic basis of a polymorphism at the ldh-1 locus in brown trout and enzyme activity measurements indicate that the previously described polymorphism at this locus is best explained by a null allele. the ldh-1, ldh-2, ldh-3 and ldh-4 homotetrameric isozymes were purified and subjected to enzyme kinetic analysis. while ldh-1 and ldh-2 displayed catalytic equivalence, important kinetic differences were found between the ldh-3 and ldh-4 isozymes. | 1986 | 3780191 |
| organochlorine insecticides in trout, salmo trutta fario l., taken from four rivers in león, spain. | | 1987 | 3801696 |
| effects of some chelating agents on the uptake and distribution of 203hg2+ in the brown trout (salmo trutta): studies on ethyl- and isopropylxanthate, diethyl- and diisopropyldithiophosphate, dimethyl- and diethyldithiocarbamate and pyridinethione. | brown trout, salmo trutta, were exposed to water containing 0.1 microgram/l 203hg2+, alone or with potassium ethylxanthate (pex), sodium isopropylxanthate (six), sodium diethyldithiophosphate (sep), sodium diisopropyldithiophosphate (sip), sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (smc), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (sec) or sodium pyridinethione (spyr), respectively. after 1 week the uptake and distribution of the 203hg2+ in the fish were examined by gamma spectrometry. six, sip, smc, sec and spyr induce ... | 1988 | 2853939 |