| oviposition attraction and repellency of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to waters from conspecific larvae subjected to crowding, confinement, starvation, or infection. | as the biomass of aedes aegypti (l.) larvae increased in relation to the volume of rearing waters, oviposition attraction of these waters to conspecific, gravid females first rose to a peak and then declined. further increases in biomass rendered waters strongly repellent. comparable responses were elicited by a decrease in the volume of rearing waters or an increase in the relative size or number of mosquito larvae. low volumes of water reduced oviposition attraction and increased repellency, w ... | 1998 | 9775609 |
| effects of plagiorchis elegans (digenea: plagiorchiidae) infection of biomphalaria glabrata (pulmonata: planorbidae) on a challenge infection with schistosoma mansoni (digenea: schistosomatidae). | prior exposure of biomphalaria glabrata to the eggs of an incompatible digenean, plagiorchis elegans, rendered this snail host less suitable to a compatible species, schistosoma mansoni. although p. elegans failed to develop patent infections in b. glabrata, it reduced the production of s. mansoni cercariae by 88%. concomitantly, host attributes such as reproduction, growth, and survival were compromised. the effect of p. elegans infection was most severe among snails that, in addition, had deve ... | 2003 | 12659305 |
| experimental evidence of size/age-biased infection of biomphalaria glabrata (pulmonata: planorbidae) by an incompatible parasite species: consequences for biological control. | because the digenetic trematode plagiorchis elegans can elicit a rapid, severe and permanent suppression of the reproductive output in the snail biomphalaria glabrata, it is considered as a potential biological control agent of human schistosomiasis. this assumption however is derived from laboratory experiments that are poor approximations of what occurs in a natural ecosystem. in order to recreate conditions that resemble those found in nature, we exposed b. glabrata as individual populations ... | 2010 | 20601177 |
| plagiorchis elegans (trematoda) induces immune response in an incompatible snail host biomphalaria glabrata (pulmonata: planorbidae). | plagiorchis elegans has been shown to decrease the fecundity and survivorship of the incompatible snail host biomphalaria glabrata. furthermore, a prior infection with p. elegans was shown to render the snails resistant to the compatible parasite schistosoma mansoni. here, we test the hypothesis that infection with p. elegans stimulates the immune system of b. glabrata. our findings indicate that infection by p. elegans significantly increased the number of free hemocytes in the hemolymph of b. ... | 2012 | 22448777 |
| the influence of larval density, food stress, and parasitism on the bionomics of the dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae): implications for integrated vector management. | new larval control strategies for integrated vector management of aedes aegypti are in high demand, including the use of biological control agents. exposure of aedes aegypti to parasites, starvation, and overcrowded conditions during larval development reduces the probability of survival to eclosion, can directly affect fitness parameters such as adult size and fecundity, and can affect the size, provisioning, and viability of eggs produced by females. we compared these parameters after exposing ... | 2012 | 22548557 |
| the impact of selective oviposition and infection with plagiorchis elegans on aedes aegypti pre-imago population dynamics at optimal food availability. | progressive changes in the attraction of waters harboring pre-imago populations of aedes aegypti exposed to different levels of the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans to ovipositing conspecific females were assessed under conditions of optimal food availability. the impact of ovipositional preference and parasitic infection on population structure and development was investigated. probabilities that larvae progress from one stage to the next or die within 24 h were calculated for all ... | 2003 | 14765660 |
| effects of plagiorchis elegans (trematoda: plagiorchiidae) infection on the carbohydrate metabolism of fourth instar aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | infection of fourth-instar aedes aegypti (l.) with the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi) alters the carbohydrate metabolism of the insect. within 24 h of cercarial penetration, total body extracts of infected fourth instars exhibited decreased trehalase activity, increased trehalose-6-phosphatase activity, and a concomitant accumulation of trehalose when compared with uninfected larvae. the amounts of glucose, glycogen and lipids, and the activity of glycogen phosphorylase ... | 2001 | 11296841 |
| serum composition of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae and the production of an oviposition repellent are influenced by infection with the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (trematoda: plagiorchiidae), starvation, and crowding. | subjecting aedes aegypti (l.) larvae to conditions that induced the production of oviposition repellency also reduced their wet and dry weights and the concentration of total serum carbohydrates, amino acids, and proteins. thus, infection with metacercariae of the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi), starvation for 7 d, or crowding for 2 d reduced larval dry weights by as much as 32, 20, and 23%, respectively, and wet weights by 20, 14, and 11%, respectively. total serum car ... | 1998 | 9538578 |
| oviposition responses of aedes aegypti and ae. atropalpus (diptera: culicidae) females to waters from conspecific and heterospecific normal larvae and from larvae infected with plagiorchis elegans (trematoda: plagiorchiidae). | ovipositing aedes aegypti (l.) females were attracted to waters in which uninfected aedes atropalpus (coquillett) larvae had been reared, but were repelled by waters from larvae of either species infected with the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi). in contrast, ae. atropalpus females were attracted to or repelled by waters from conspecific uninfected and infected larvae, respectively, but did not respond to corresponding waters from ae. aegypti larvae. the sensitivity of o ... | 1997 | 9379463 |
| effects of plagiorchis elegans (digenea: plagiorchiidae) infection on the reproduction of biomphalaria glabrata (pulmonata: planorbidae). | infection with the digenean parasite plagiorchis elegans dramatically reduced the reproductive output of biomphalaria glabrata exposed to the parasite as juveniles or adults. the total number of eggs produced by infected snails was reduced to approximately 7 and 13% of control values, respectively. parasitic castration was attributed to the presence of mother sporocysts that readily established in the tissues of this incompatible host. infection did not result in the production of cercariae but ... | 1998 | 9794632 |
| ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the digenean plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi, 1802) (plagiorchioidea, plagiorchiidae). | the ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoon of the type genus of the plagiorchiidae plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi, 1802), a parasite of the golden hamster, mesocricetus auratus is described. this study is the first ultrastructural study of the spermatozoon of a plagiorchis, the second of a plagiorchiid species and only the third in the plagiorchioidea. previously data on spermatozoon ultrastructure existed only for the plagiorchiid enodiotrema reductum and the omphalometrid rubenstrema exasper ... | 2013 | 23630154 |
| a molecular and ecological analysis of the trematode plagiorchis elegans in the wood mouse apodemus sylvaticus from a periaquatic ecosystem in the uk. | the prevalence of the digenean plagiorchis sp. was investigated in a natural wood mouse population (apodemus sylvaticus) in a periaquatic environment. classical identification was complemented with the use of molecular differentiation to determine prevalence and verify species identity. use of the complete its1-5.8s rdna-its2 and partial 28s rdna gene sequences have confirmed that the species reported at this location was plagiorchis elegans and not plagiorchis muris as reported previously. this ... | 2014 | 23597061 |
| the neuro-muscular system in continuously swimming cercariae from belarus. i xiphidiocercariae. | the neuromuscular system (nms) in cercariae of neoastiotrema trituri, plagiorchis elegans, omphalometra flexuosa, skrjabinoeces similis and prosthogonimus ovatus was studied with immunocytochemical methods and confocal scanning laser microscopy. the patterns of f-actin in the musculature, 5-ht immunoreactive (ir), fmrfamide-ir neuronal elements and α-tubulin-ir sensory receptors were investigated, and they were found to be rather similar in all the cercariae studied. four species have seven pair ... | 2012 | 22868890 |
| transmission rates of the bacterial endosymbiont, neorickettsia risticii, during the asexual reproduction phase of its digenean host, plagiorchis elegans, within naturally infected lymnaeid snails. | neorickettsia are obligate intracellular bacterial endosymbionts of digenean parasites present in all lifestages of digeneans. quantitative information on the transmission of neorickettsial endosymbionts throughout the complex life cycles of digeneans is lacking. this study quantified the transmission of neorickettsia during the asexual reproductive phase of a digenean parasite, plagiorchis elegans, developing within naturally parasitized lymnaeid pond snails. | 2013 | 24383453 |
| in vitro uptake and incorporation of [3h]glucosamine and [3h]leucine by plagiorchis elegans metacercariae. | we examined the ability of plagiorchis elegans metacercariae to take up [3h]glucosamine and [3h]leucine in vitro and incorporate these precursors into parasite tissues at various times in their development. uptake of both precursors was greater by young metacercariae (< or = 8 hr postinfection [pi]) than old metacercariae (> 8 hr pi). virtually all [3h]glucosamine was incorporated into juvenile worms, whereas only small amounts of [3h]leucine were incorporated into both juvenile worms and cyst w ... | 1994 | 8195937 |
| histochemical observations on hydrolytic enzymes in cercariae of plagiorchis elegans, with notes on morphology of nervous system. | | 1979 | 516233 |
| plagiorchis elegans: histochemical localization of dehydrogenases in the cercarial stage. | | 1978 | 729692 |
| intestinal and liver flukes of birds of prey (accipitriformes, falconiformes, strigiformes) from slovakia: uniform or diverse compound? | during 2012-2014 up to 286 birds of the orders falconiformes (5 species), accipitriformes (11 species), and strigiformes (7 species) were examined for trematodes and this represents the first detailed study in slovakia. a total of 12 trematode species belonging to the families diplostomidae, cyathocotylidae, strigeidae, and opisthorchiidae were identified. rare infections were found in falcons where only two species (40 %) and three of 85 examined birds (3.5 %) were infected with a low range of ... | 2016 | 27055533 |
| laboratory maintenance of the bacterial endosymbiont, neorickettsia sp., through the life cycle of a digenean, plagiorchis elegans. | the digenea (platyhelminthes: trematoda) are a diverse and complex group of internal metazoan parasites. these parasites can serve as hosts to obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus neorickettsia (family: anaplasmataceae). neorickettsiae persist within all stages of the fluke life cycle and thus are maintained through vertical transmission. however, the low prevalence of neorickettsia in nature limits study of their transmission biology at different steps of digenean life cycles. ... | 2015 | 26160679 |
| germs within worms: localization of neorickettsia sp. within life cycle stages of the digenean plagiorchis elegans. | neorickettsia spp. are bacterial endosymbionts of parasitic flukes (digenea) that also have the potential to infect and cause disease (e.g., sennetsu fever) in the vertebrate hosts of the fluke. one of the largest gaps in our knowledge of neorickettsia biology is the very limited information available regarding the localization of the bacterial endosymbiont within its digenean host. in this study, we used indirect immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize neorickettsia sp. within several life c ... | 2016 | 26873314 |
| [trematodes (trematoda) of bats (chiroptera) from the middle volga region]. | the data on species diversity of trematodes from bats collected in the middle volga region are summarized. according to original and literary data, 20 trematode species were recorded in bats of the region examined. plagiorchis elegans, lecithodendrium skrjabini, l. rysavyi, prosthodendrium hurkovaae, and pycnoporus megacotyle are specified for the bat fauna of russia for the first time. for 11 species of parasites, new hosts are recorded. the analysis of bat helminthes demonstrated that the faun ... | 2012 | 23458016 |
| [host and site-specific pattern of occurrence of digenetic trematodes in rodent communities from lower silesia, poland]. | trematodes of the class digenea are parasites with complex life cycles and often use small mammals as definitive hosts; however, they are usually not highly prevalent in this group of mammals. in our work the patterns of occurrence of digeneans parasitizing small mammals were analyzed. the surveys were conducted at four locations, i.e., irrigation fields (osobowice), a water distribution area (mokry dwor), recreational grounds (redzin forest), and nature reserve "stawy milickie". overall 894 rod ... | 2009 | 20209813 |
| plagiorchis elegans (trematoda) and incompatible snail hosts: implications for snail life history traits and biocontrol of human schistosomiasis. | we examined the effect of plagiorchis elegans on egg production and survival on bulinus truncatus and helisoma trivolvis trivolvis. both species are incompatible hosts for p. elegans. helisoma t. trivolvis occurs sympatrically with p. elegans; b. truncatus does not. overall, p. elegans had no effect on survivorship or egg production in h. t. trivolvis or on the survivorship of b. truncatus. its effect on egg production in b. truncatus was transitory; egg production was reduced by 50% for 5 wk fo ... | 2009 | 19566345 |
| digenea species in chosen populations of freshwater snails in northern and central part of poland. | background: the aim of this work was to determine the biodiversity of digenean larvae in the snail populations from various water bodies. material and methods: snails under study were collected from 29 reservoirs situated in northern and central part of poland. during the period 1999-2005 10.581 snails from 6 species (among which two species dominated: lymnaea stagnalis--9.469, and planorbarius corneus--737 specimens) were examined for shedding cercariae. the total number of 4.404 molluscs was p ... | 2007 | 18441876 |
| larval trematodes (digenea) of the great pond snail, lymnaea stagnalis (l.), (gastropoda, pulmonata) in central europe: a survey of species and key to their identification. | a survey of cercariae and metacercariae (trematoda, digenea) from the great pond snail (lymnaea stagnalis) in central europe (austria, czech republic, south-east germany, poland and slovak republic) is presented, based on a study of 3,628 snails examined from 1998 to 2005. a total of 953 (26.3%) l. stagnalis were infected with 24 trematode species comprising 19 species of cercariae and 11 species of metacercariae (six species occurred both as cercarie and metacercarie) of eight families. the dom ... | 2007 | 17432056 |
| larval trematodes in freshwater molluscs from the elbe to danube rivers (southeast germany): before and today. | studies on life cycles of trematodes have a long tradition in germany; (odening 1978) listed a total of 177 trematodes, which can potentially complete their life cycles in german inland waters. however, almost no recent data on the occurrence of larval stages in molluscs are available. therefore, a survey of trematodes in southeast germany was carried out in 2004. a total of 31 species of ten families (29 species of cercariae, seven species of metacercariae, and five species found of both) were ... | 2006 | 16670883 |
| differences in shell shape of naturally infected lymnaea stagnalis (l.) individuals as the effect of the activity of digenetic trematode larvae. | the shells of lymnaea stagnalis show great morphological variability. this phenomenon has been described as the result of an environmental influence. the main object of the present study was to compare some biometric data from shells of naturally infected and uninfected snails from 25 different lakes in the central part of poland. the height of the shell, the height of the spiral, and the width of the shell were measured. some inter- and intrapopulation differences among individuals were found. ... | 2005 | 16419747 |
| the effects of temperature and light on the survival, development, and infectivity of plagiorchis elegans eggs. | plagiorchis elegans eggs were incubated at 0, 4, 10, 20, or 30 c under a 12-hr:12-hr (l:d) photoperiod for 120 days. approximately one-quarter of the eggs had already initiated the process of embryonation when passed with the feces of the hamster (mesocricetus auratus), the experimental definitive host. eggs failed to embryonate at 0 c and died within 2 days. incubation at 4 c allowed full embryonation, but the mean number of embryonated eggs per day (1.32+/-0.15) and the mean number of eggs ava ... | 1998 | 9920308 |
| gastrointestinal helminths of arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) from different bioclimatological regions in greenland. | nine species of gastrointestinal helminths were recovered from 254 arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) from 8 different localities in greenland. prevalences of infection with the helminth species differed from area to area: toxascaris leonina (39-68%), strongyloides stercoralis (0-14%), mesocestoides lineatus (0-58%), diphyllobothrium dendriticum (0-15%), taenia ovis krabbei (0-70%), cryptocotyle sp. (0-3%), plagiorchis elegans (0-6%), and polymorphus sp. (0-3%). additionally, a taenia species, which ... | 1996 | 8627489 |
| parasites of the arctic fox (alopex lagopus) in iceland. | forty-four of 50 arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) in iceland harbored 15 species of intestinal parasites, including protozoa: eimeria sp. or isospora sp. (in 4%); trematoda: cryptocotyle lingua (24%), plagiorchis elegans (4%), brachylaemus sp. (12%), tristriata sp. (10%), and spelotrema sp. (8%); cestoda: mesocestoides canislagopodis (72%), schistocephalus solidus (2%), and diphyllobothrium dendriticum (4%); nematoda: toxascaris leonina (50%), toxocara canis (2%), uncinaria stenocephala (4%), and e ... | 1993 | 8355346 |
| lymnaea truncatula, intermediate host of some plagiorchiidae and notocotylidae species in león, nw spain. | to study the distribution of lymnaea truncatula in the porma river basin (león, nw spain) and its helminth fauna, malacological samplings were carried out at 66 points in the basin and the presence of these molluscs was detected in 31. to trace the dynamics of this mollusc population and the prevalence and intensity of its infection by trematodes, malacological samplings were made at fortnightly intervals over two years at five locations, situated in the upper and middle regions of the river por ... | 1994 | 7930455 |
| the ecology of echinococcus multilocularis (cestoda: taeniidae) on st. lawrence island, alaska. ii. helminth populations in the definitive host. | the helminths of 1,579 arctic foxes from st. lawrence island were investigated by standard methods. the foxes, obtained mainly during the winter from fur trappers, harbored 22 species of helminths. four of those were trematodes, viz., maritrema afanassjewi belopol'skaia, 1952, orthosplanchnus pygmaeus iurakhno, 1967, plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi, 1802) and alaria marcianae (larue, 1917), each of which occurred in a single host. two species of cestodes, diphyllobothrium dendriticum (nitzsch, 182 ... | 1990 | 2080830 |
| helminths of hudsonian godwits, limosa haemastica, from alaska and manitoba. | in total, 21 hudsonian godwits, limosa haemastica (charadriiformes: scolopacidae), were examined for helminths, 10 from bristol bay, alaska, and 11 from churchill, manitoba. seventeen species of helminths (9 trematodes, 6 cestodes, 2 nematodes) were collected, but only 1 trematode species, plagiorchis elegans, was found in common between the 2 sample sites. all 17 species are new records for this host and 2 cestodes, capsulata edenensis and malika limosa, are new records for north america. in ge ... | 2007 | 17626373 |
| vitellogenesis of the digenean plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi, 1802) (plagiorchioidea, plagiorchiidae). | the ultrastructural organization of vitellogenesis of plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi, 1802), experimentally obtained from the golden hamster mesocricetus auratus (linnaeus, 1758), is described using transmission electron microscopy. this study is the first ultrastructural study of vitellogenesis in a member of the superfamily plagiorchioidea. the four stages usually observed during vitellogenesis are described: stage i, cytoplasm of the vitellocytes mainly filled with ribosomes and few mitochondr ... | 2014 | 24569135 |
| species diversity of plagiorchis lühe, 1899 (digenea: plagiorchiidae) in lymnaeid snails from freshwater ecosystems in central europe revealed by molecules and morphology. | larval stages of plagiorchis spp. are both ubiquitous and ecologically important parasites in snail populations of freshwater ecosystems in europe. however, difficulties in distinguishing the morphologically similar cercariae used for species identification, may lead to underestimation of species diversity. in this study, 38 isolates of plagiorchis spp. infecting two lymnaeid snails, lymnaea stagnalis (l.) and radix auricularia (l.), in five central european freshwater ecosystems were subjected ... | 2014 | 24711111 |
| ultrastructure and localization of neorickettsia in adult digenean trematodes provides novel insights into helminth-endobacteria interaction. | neorickettsia are a group of intracellular α proteobacteria transmitted by digeneans (platyhelminthes, trematoda). these endobacteria can also infect vertebrate hosts of the helminths and cause serious diseases in animals and humans. neorickettsia have been isolated from infected animals and maintained in cell cultures, and their morphology in mammalian cells has been described. however, limited information is available on the morphology and localization of neorickettsia in the trematode host. | 2017 | 28407790 |
| the numbers game: quantitative analysis of neorickettsia sp. propagation through complex life cycle of its digenean host using real-time qpcr. | bacteria of the genus neorickettsia are obligate intracellular endosymbionts of parasitic flukes (digenea) and are passed through the entire complex life cycle of the parasite by vertical transmission. several species of neorickettsia are known to cause diseases in domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. quantitative data on the transmission of the bacteria through the digenean life cycle is almost completely lacking. this study quantified for the first time the abundance of neorickettsia within ... | 2016 | 27041341 |
| plagiorchis elegans (digenea: plagiorchiidae) infections in stagnicola elodes (pulmonata: lymnaeidae): host susceptibility, growth, reproduction, mortality, and cercarial production. | eggs of plagiorchis elegans were readily ingested by stagnicola elodes of all ages, but were more infective to immature than mature snails. infection enhanced the growth of the host in a dose-dependent manner. the number of cercariae released by immature snails increased with the age of the snail host; mature snails yielded fewer cercariae. heavily infected snails tended to die prematurely, thereby reducing their total production of cercariae to levels below those of more lightly infected indivi ... | 1999 | 10386437 |
| a serine proteinase in the penetration glands of the cercariae of plagiorchis elegans (trematoda, plagiorchiidae). | cercariae of plagiorchis elegans secrete a serine proteinase from their penetration glands. the enzyme hydrolyzes both azocoll and gelatin at the optimal ph of 8.4 but is incapable of hydrolyzing elastin at the ph range of 7.2-10.0 ca2+ and mg2+ activate it, whereas metal chelators (1 mm egta, 1 mm edta) and serine proteinase inhibitors (1 mm pmsf and 0.1 mm dfp) act as strong inhibitors. the proteinase activity is insensitive to thiol-blocking compounds and to 5 mm 1,10-phenanthroline, a relati ... | 1996 | 8825449 |
| plagiorchis elegans: emergence, longevity and infectivity of cercariae, and host behavioural modifications during cercarial emergence. | we investigated changes in the behaviour of stagnicola elodes associated with the emergence of plagiorchis elegans cercariae. within 15 min of the reduction in light intensity, which triggered the onset of cercarial emergence, infected snails moved to the top of the water column and remained there for 2-3 h. seventy-nine percent of all cercariae that emerged from the snail did so during this period. uninfected snails showed no such behavioural changes following the change in light intensity. cer ... | 1994 | 8058370 |
| [plagiorchis elegans (rud., 1802) occurring in a new host crex crex l]. | | 1965 | 5856646 |