| antipyretic studies on some indigenous pakistani medicinal plants. | significant oral antipyretic activity in rabbits was exhibited by hexane-, chloroform- and water-soluble extracts of artemisia absinthium, viola odorata, melia azadirachta and fumaria parviflora comparable in potency aspirin. pyresis was induced by subcutaneous yeast injections. antipyretic activity was more prominent in the hexane-soluble portions of these plants. insignificant to no antipyretic effects were produced by extracts of butea frondosa, berberis lycium and sisymbrium irio. no obvious ... | 1985 | 3878916 |
| cyclotides: a novel type of cytotoxic agents. | cytotoxic activities of three naturally occurring macrocyclic peptides (cyclotides) isolated from the two violets, viola arvensis murr. and viola odorata l., were investigated. a nonclonogenic fluorometric microculture assay was used to examine cytotoxicity in a panel of 10 human tumor cell lines representing defined types of cytotoxic drug resistance. additionally, primary cultures of tumor cells from patients, and for comparison normal lymphocytes, were used to quantify cytotoxic activity. all ... | 2002 | 12477048 |
| reversible antifouling effect of the cyclotide cycloviolacin o2 against barnacles. | cycloviolacin o2, a plant peptide of the cyclotide family, is shown to have potent effects against fouling barnacles (balanus improvisus), with complete inhibition of settlement at a concentration of 0.25 microm. the effect of cycloviolacin o2 against barnacles is reversible and nontoxic in the bioassay employed in these studies. cycloviolacin o2 was isolated from the terrestrial plant viola odorata by strong cation exchange and reversed-phase hplc and identified by mass spectrometry following a ... | 2004 | 15332843 |
| the sensilla of aedes and anopheles mosquitoes and their importance in repellency. | the aim of this study was to detect the role of some mosquito organs in their sensation of repellent materials. a total of 250 females (15 days old) of the target species aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi were prepared and divided into five groups: group 1, without antenna; group 2, without maxillary bulbs; group 3, without proboscis; group 4, without frontal tarsus; and group 5, normal females as control. a mixture of five oils containing litsea cubeba 1%, melaleuca leucadendron 1%, melaleu ... | 2006 | 16642383 |
| repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against aedes, anopheles, and culex mosquitoes. | since ancient times, plant products were used in various aspects. however, their use against pests decreased when chemical products became developed. recently, concerns increased with respect to public health and environmental security requiring detection of natural products that may be used against insect pests. in this study, 41 plant extracts and 11 oil mixtures were evaluated against the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (linnaeus), the malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (liston), and th ... | 2006 | 16642384 |
| the combined effect of two aqueous extracts on the growth of trichomonas vaginalis, in vitro. | in this study a trial was performed to determine the effect of a combination of two aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants namely the violet, viola odorata, and the rue, ruta graveolens, with concentrations of 0.15625, 0.3125, 10-20 mg/cm3 on the growth of trichomonas vaginalis cultured in (cm161) medium during periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hrs. the results showed that there is a variation of inhibition. complete inhibition was seen with a concentration 10 mg/cm3 for 48 hrs. during the 96 hr. ... | 2006 | 17309025 |
| mechanism of action of cytotoxic cyclotides: cycloviolacin o2 disrupts lipid membranes. | in recent years, the cyclotides have emerged as the largest family of naturally cyclized proteins. cyclotides display potent cytotoxic activity that varies with the structure of the proteins, and combined with their unique structure, they represent novel cytotoxic agents. however, their mechanism of action is yet unknown. in this work we show that disruption of cell membranes plays a crucial role in the cytotoxic effect of the cyclotide cycloviolacin o2 (1), which has been isolated from viola od ... | 2007 | 17378610 |
| backbone cyclised peptides from plants show molluscicidal activity against the rice pest pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail). | golden apple snails ( pomacea canaliculata) are serious pests of rice in south east asia. cyclotides are backbone cyclized peptides produced by plants from rubiaceae and violaceae. in this study, we investigated the molluscicidal activity of cyclotides against golden apple snails. crude cyclotide extracts from both oldenlandia affinis and viola odorata plants showed molluscicidal activity comparable to the synthetic molluscicide metaldehyde. individual cyclotides from each extract demonstrated a ... | 2008 | 18557620 |
| the anthelmintic activity of the cyclotides: natural variants with enhanced activity. | the cyclotides are a family of backbone-cyclised cystine-knot-containing peptides from plants that possess anthelmintic activity against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep. in the current study, we investigated the in vitro effects of newly discovered natural cyclotides on the viability of larval and adult life stages of these pests. the natural variants cycloviolacin o2, cycloviolacin o3, cycloviolacin o8, cyclovio ... | 2008 | 18618891 |
| the cyclotide cycloviolacin o2 from viola odorata has potent bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria. | to determine the antibacterial activity of small cyclic plant proteins, i.e. cyclotides, and the importance of the surface exposed charged residues for activity. | 2010 | 20558471 |
| anticancer and chemosensitizing abilities of cycloviolacin 02 from viola odorata and psyle cyclotides from psychotria leptothyrsa. | cycloviolacin o2 (cyo2), a cyclotide from viola odorata (violaceae) has antitumor effects and causes cell death by membrane permeabilization. in the breast cancer line, mcf-7 and its drug resistant subline mcf-7/adr, the cytotoxic effects of cyo2 (0.2-10 microm) were monitored in the presence and absence of doxorubicin (0.1-5 microm) using cell proliferation assays to establish its chemosensitizing abilities. sytox green assays were sperformed to verify membrane permeabilization and showed cellu ... | 2010 | 20564026 |
| A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method for quantification of cyclotides in plants avoiding sorption during sample preparation. | Cyclotides are plant-produced, bioactive, cyclic mini-proteins with interesting pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. A reverse phase liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP-LC-ESI-MS) method for analysis of cyclotides in plant materials with a minimum of sample pre-treatment is presented. Three exemplary cyclotides (kalata B1, kalata B2 and cycloviolacin O2) were used as reference substances for the method development. Linearity (r(2)>0.99) was achieved in th ... | 2011 | 21944848 |
| studies on the antihypertensive and antidyslipidemic activities of viola odorata leaves extract. | abstract: background: this study was undertaken to provide pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of viola odorata linn. in hypertension and dyslipidemia using the in vivo and in vitro assays. results: viola odorata leaves extract (vo.cr), which tested positive for alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, coumarins and flavonoids, caused a dose-dependent (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) decrease in mean arterial blood pressure in anaesthetized rats. in isolated guinea-pig atria, vo.cr equally inhibited fo ... | 2012 | 22233644 |
| comparison of the antimicrobial effects of semipurified cyclotides from iranian viola odorata against some of plant and human pathogenic bacteria. | cyclotides are mini-proteins that are synthesized via the ribosomal pathway. they have a variety of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumour, anti-hiv activities. because of their various bioactivities and unique stability, they are suitable candidate in drug design applications. the main aim of this study was to determine new antimicrobial agents, which can be used instead of chemical antibiotics. for this reason, we compared the antimicrobial effects of semipurified cyclotides a ... | 2013 | 23800264 |
| ethnomedicinal plants of kathua district, j&k, india. | natural products, especially those derived from plants, continue to provide new and important leads in the drug discovery process. the first step in drug discovery is to document material traditionally used to treat an ailment. documentation of such knowledge will lead to its conservation and facilitate future research on medicinal plant safety and efficacy to validate traditional use. the present study was undertaken with an aim to document the ethnomedicinal plants of kathua district. | 2015 | 26023030 |
| ethnomedicinal plants of shankaracharya hill, srinagar, j&k, india. | primitive human societies have always relied on plants and plant products for various remedies. in certain areas, these folk medical prescriptions are endemic and have survived through ages from one generation to the next through word of mouth. they do not exist as written knowledge. the present study was undertaken with an objective of documenting the ethnobotanical information of medicinal plants of shankaracharya hill by taking the help of local herbalists, elderly and knowledgeable people. | 2015 | 26008867 |
| a new "era" for cyclotide sequencing. | in recent years, the discovery of a large family of macrocyclic peptides, the cyclotides, has revealed natures ingenuity in molecular drug design. the incorporation of a cyclic peptide backbone and a knotted arrangement of disulfide bridges into their structures confers extraordinary chemical, thermal, and enzymatic stability on these biologically active peptides. however, these structural attributes present challenges in the identification of cyclotides. until now, the sequencing of cyclotides ... | 2010 | 20564007 |