| an evolutionary comparison of plant histones. | histones were extracted from chromatin of the following: a moss (polytrichum juniperinum); the primitive vascular plants psilotum nudum and equisetum arvense; a fern (polypodium vulgare); the gymnosperms fir (abies concolor), yew (taxus canadensis) and gingko biloba; the dicotyledonous angiosperms tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and maple (acer saccharinum); and the monocotyledonous angiosperms corn (zea mays) and lily (lilium longiflorum). the histones were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electroph ... | 1975 | 1164518 |
| lignin-solubilizing ability of actinomycetes isolated from termite (termitidae) gut. | the lignocellulose-degrading abilities of 11 novel actinomycete strains isolated from termite gut were determined and compared with that of the well-characterized actinomycete, streptomyces viridosporus t7a. lignocellulose bioconversion was followed by (i) monitoring the degradation of [14c]lignin- and [14c]cellulose-labeled phloem of abies concolor to 14co2 and 14c-labeled water-soluble products, (ii) determining lignocellulose, lignin, and carbohydrate losses resulting from growth on a lignoce ... | 1990 | 2167628 |
| survival and development of lymantria monacha (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) on north american and introduced eurasian tree species. | lymantria monacha (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae), the nun moth, is a eurasian pest of conifers that has potential for accidental introduction into north america. to project the potential host range of this insect if introduced into north america, survival and development of l. monacha on 26 north american and eight introduced eurasian tree species were examined. seven conifer species (abies concolor, picea abies, p. glauca, p. pungens, pinus sylvestris with male cones, p. menziesii variety gla ... | 2003 | 12650343 |
| phytochemical investigation of abies concolor. | | 1966 | 5969793 |
| variation and selection in western montane species ii. variation within and between populations of white firon an elevational transect. | four populations of abies concolor, white fir, were sampled along an elevational transect in the central sierra nevada mountains of california. this paper is based on data taken during the first two years' growth in a nearby nursery at placerville, california. ten of the thirteen growth, size, and needle morphological characteristics had significant differences between population samples, while eleven characteristics had significant differences between open-pollinated families within the populat ... | 1976 | 24414316 |
| interactions among phytophagous insect species colonizing cones of white fir (abies concolor). | the insect complex colonizing white fir (abies concolor [gord. and glend.] lindl.) cones is composed of eleven species that can be separated into three feeding guilds: the seed-mining guild, megastigmus pinus parfitt, m. rafni hoffmeyer, earomyia abietum mcalpine; the cone-and seed-mining guild, dioryctria abietivorella grote, eucosma prob. siskiyouana (kearfoot), cydia prob. bracteatana (fernald), barbara sp.; the scale-and bract-feeding guild, asynapta hokinsi (felt), dasineura prob. abiesemia ... | 1989 | 28312165 |
| comparative studies of delignification caused by ganoderma species. | isolates of six species of ganoderma in the g. lucidum complex were evaluated for their ability to decay wood of quercus hypoleucoides a. camus and abies concolor (gord. and glend.) lindl. ex. hildebr. by using in vitro agar block decay tests. morphological, ultrastructural, and chemical studies of decayed wood were used to determine the extent of delignification or simultaneous decay caused by each species of ganoderma. all species decayed both white fir and oak wood; however, less percent weig ... | 1990 | 16348229 |
| mapped dna probes from loblolly pine can be used for restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping in other conifers. | a high-density genetic map based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) is being constructed for loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.). consequently, a large number of dna probes from loblolly pine are potentially available for use in other species. we have used some of these dna probes to detect rflps in 12 conifers and an angiosperm. thirty complementary dna and two genomic dna probes from loblolly pine were hybridized to southern blots containing dna from five species of pinus (p. elli ... | 1994 | 24186006 |
| patterns of induced and constitutive monoterpene production in conifer needles in relation to insect herbivory. | studies were conducted to determine whether herbivore-induced synthesis of monoterpenes occurs in the needles of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa lawson), lodgepole pine (p. contorta douglas var. latifolia engelmann), white fir (abies concolor lindl. and gordon) and engelmann spruce [picea engelmanii (parry) engelm.]. in the needles of all species except engelmann spruce, simulated herbivory significantly induced the activity of monoterpene cyclases 4-8 days after wounding. in ponderosa pine, rea ... | 1998 | 28307902 |
| use of a single-tree simulation model to predict effects of ozone and drought on growth of a white fir tree. | a physiologically based, single-tree simulation model, tregro, was parameterized with existing phenological, allometric, and growth data and used to predict effects of ozone and drought on growth of a 53-year-old white fir (abies concolor (gord. & glend.) lindl. ex hildebr.) tree following a 3-year model simulation. multiple experimental simulations were conducted to assess the individual and interactive effects of ozone (o(3)) exposure and drought on growth of white fir. the effects of o(3) wer ... | 2000 | 12651472 |
| ecological importance of large-diameter trees in a temperate mixed-conifer forest. | large-diameter trees dominate the structure, dynamics and function of many temperate and tropical forests. although both scaling theory and competition theory make predictions about the relative composition and spatial patterns of large-diameter trees compared to smaller diameter trees, these predictions are rarely tested. we established a 25.6 ha permanent plot within which we tagged and mapped all trees ≥1 cm dbh, all snags ≥10 cm dbh, and all shrub patches ≥2 m(2). we sampled downed woody deb ... | 2012 | 22567132 |
| estimating tree growth from complex forest monitoring data. | understanding tree growth as a function of tree size is important for a multitude of ecological and management applications. determining what limits growth is of central interest, and forest inventory permanent plots are an abundant source of long-term information but are highly complex. observation error and multiple sources of shared variation (spatial plot effects, temporal repeated measures, and a mosaic of sampling intervals) make these data challenging to use for growth estimation. we acco ... | 2013 | 24147402 |
| long-term effects of fire severity on oak-conifer dynamics in the southern cascades. | we studied vegetation composition and structure in a mixed conifer-oak ecosystem across a range of fire severity 10 years following wildfire. sample plots centered on focal california black oaks (quercus kelloggii) were established to evaluate oak and neighboring tree and shrub recovery across a gradient of fire severity in the southern cascade range, usa. shrub and oak resprouting was strongest around focal oaks where conifer mortality was greatest. linear modeling revealed negative relationshi ... | 2014 | 24640537 |
| controlled burning of forest detritus altering spectroscopic characteristics and chlorine reactivity of dissolved organic matter: effects of temperature and oxygen availability. | forest fires occur with increasing frequency and severity in the western united states, potentially altering the chemistry and quantity of dissolved organic matter (dom) and disinfection byproduct (dbp) precursors exported from forested watersheds. however, little is known concerning effects of the fire triangle (heat, oxygen, and fuel) on dom alteration. using detritus from pinus ponderosa and abies concolor (dominant species in forests in the western united states), we prepared dom from unburn ... | 2015 | 26496434 |
| a montane mediterranean climate supports year-round photosynthesis and high forest biomass. | the mid-elevation forest of california's sierra nevada poses a bioclimatic paradox. mid-elevation trees experience a montane mediterranean climate, with near-freezing winter days and rain-free summers. the asynchrony between warmth and water input suggests low primary production, limited by photosynthetic dormancy in winter cold, and again in summer and early autumn with drought, yet this forest is characterized by tall trees and high biomass. we used eddy covariance in a mid-elevation sierra st ... | 2016 | 26764269 |
| the effects of α-cellulose extraction and blue-stain fungus on retrospective studies of carbon and oxygen isotope variation in live and dead trees. | tree-ring carbon and oxygen isotope ratios from live and recently dead trees may reveal important mechanisms of tree mortality. however, wood decay in dead trees may alter the δ(13)c and δ(18)o values of whole wood obscuring the isotopic signal associated with factors leading up to and including physiological death. we examined whole sapwood and α-cellulose from live and dead specimens of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa), one-seed juniper (juniperous monosperma), piñon pine (pinus edulis) and wh ... | 2011 | 21953963 |
| plasticity in physiological traits in conifers: implications for response to climate change in the western u.s. | population variation in ecophysiological traits of four co-occurring montane conifers was measured on a large latitudinal gradient to quantitatively assess their potential for response to environmental change. white fir (abies concolor) had the highest variability, gross photosynthetic rate (pg), and foliar carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) content. despite low water use efficiency (wue), stomatal conductance (gs) of fir was the most responsive to unfavorable environmental conditions. pinus lambertian ... | 2010 | 20056301 |
| dwarf mistletoe-host interactions in mixed-conifer forests in the sierra nevada. | abstract we determined the spatial pattern of dwarf mistletoe (arceuthobium spp.) associated with two different conifer hosts, white fir (abies concolor) and jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi), in forests around the lake tahoe basin and at the teakettle experimental forest, both located in the sierra nevada. we also examined a number of host variables and bark beetle incidence to determine how these factors might be involved in the arceuthobium-conifer interaction. there was no significant relationsh ... | 2002 | 18944255 |
| spatial elements of mortality risk in old-growth forests. | for many species of long-lived organisms, such as trees, survival appears to be the most critical vital rate affecting population persistence. however, methods commonly used to quantify tree death, such as relating tree mortality risk solely to diameter growth, almost certainly do not account for important spatial processes. our goal in this study was to detect and, if present, to quantify the relevance of such processes. for this purpose, we examined purely spatial aspects of mortality for four ... | 2008 | 18589538 |
| spatial structure and richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing bioassay seedlings from resistant propagules in a sierra nevada forest: comparisons using two hosts that exhibit different seedling establishment patterns. | in this study we analyzed the spatial structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi present in the soils as resistant propagules (e.g. spores or sclerotia) in a mixed-conifer forest in the sierra nevada, california. soils were collected under old-growth abies spp. stands across approximately 1 km and bioassayed with seedlings of hosts that establish best in stronger light (pinus jeffreyi) or that are shade-tolerant (abies concolor). ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing the roots were characterized with molecul ... | 2006 | 17040066 |
| effects of acidic fog on seedlings of pinus ponderosa and abies concolor: foliar injury, physiological and biochemical responses. | seedlings of pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) and abies concolor (white fir) were exposed to acidic fog (ph 2.0, 3.0 or 4.0) in open-field plots for six weeks. the two species exhibited dissimilar injury responses; neither current year nor previous year needles of ponderosa pine were injured by ph 2.0 fog, but current year needles exhibited higher membrane permeability responses (i.e. needle extract conductivity, k+ concentration). in comparison, both needle age classes in white fir were signifi ... | 1993 | 15091884 |
| xylem cavitation in roots and stems of douglas-fir and white fir. | roots of hardwoods have been shown to be more vulnerable to xylem cavitation than stems. this study examined whether this pattern is also observed in a conifer species. vulnerability to cavitation was determined from the pressure required to inject air into the vascular system of hydrated roots and stems, and reduce hydraulic conductance of the xylem. according to the air-seeding hypothesis for the cavitation mechanism, these air pressures predict the negative xylem pressure causing cavitation i ... | 1997 | 14759867 |
| mediterranean climate effects. ii. conifer growth phenology across a sierra nevada ecotone. | growth and xylem water potential of the lower elevation conifers pinus jeffreyi and abies concolor and the higher elevation pinus monticola and abies magnifica were monitored in their montane mediterranean habitat of the southernmost sierra nevada mountains of california: measurements were made across the ecotone between the midmontane and upper montane forests and through light and heavy snowfall years. radial stem growth, averaging approximately 1.5 mm/yr, started 2 wk after snow melt, providi ... | 2001 | 11353717 |
| mediterranean climate effects. i. conifer water use across a sierra nevada ecotone. | xylem water potential of the midelevation conifers pinus jeffreyi, pinus lambertiana, abies concolor, and calocedrus decurrens, the higher elevation pinus monticola and abies magnifica, and co-occurring evergreen angiosperm shrubs, together with soil moisture under these plants, were monitored at three sites on the kern plateau in the southernmost sierra nevada range of california: site locations spanned the ecotone between the mid- and upper montane forests at elevations of 2230-2820 m. measure ... | 2001 | 11353716 |