| detection of eutypa lata and eutypella vitis in grapevine by nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | abstract two fungi were isolated from grapevines in michigan vineyards with eutypa dieback symptoms: eutypa lata and eutypella vitis. these fungi are difficult to distinguish morphologically but are genetically distinct as determined by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions. the its regions of 25 eutypa lata and 15 eutypella vitis isolates were sequenced. eutypa lata sequences were more variable than those of eutypella vitis. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers were des ... | 2007 | 18943605 |
| a reassessment of the species concept in eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback of grapevine. | abstract eutypa dieback is a vascular disease of several cultivated crops and trees worldwide. the attribution of the name to the agent responsible for branch dieback is ambiguous. pathogenicity of eutypa sp. first was reported on apricot and the causal agent was named e. armeniacae. however, no morphological differences were reported with the previously described e. lata, and some authors considered both species synonymous. others regarded them as distinct species on the basis of pathogenesis a ... | 2006 | 18943418 |
| pathogenesis of eutypa lata in grapevine: identification of virulence factors and biochemical characterization of cordon dieback. | eutypa lata is a vascular pathogen of woody plants. in the present study we (i) determined which component(s) of the cell wall polymers were degraded in naturally infected grapevines and in artificially inoculated grape wood blocks; (ii) compared the pattern of wood decay in the tolerant grape cv. merlot versus the susceptible cv. cabernet sauvignon; and (iii) identified secondary metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes expressed by e. lata during wood degradation. biochemical analyses and a cytochem ... | 2008 | 18943199 |
| ethephon elicits protection against erysiphe necator in grapevine. | the grapevine (vitis vinifera) is susceptible to many pathogens such as botrytis cinerea, plasmopara viticola, erysiphe necator, and eutypa lata. phytochemicals are used extensively in vineyards to reduce pathogen infections, but the appearance of pesticide-resistant pathogen strains and the need for environmental protection require the use of alternative strategies. the phytohormone ethylene is assumed to play a role in the development of disease resistance. in the present study, we have treate ... | 2008 | 18570435 |
| metabolites from eutypa species that are pathogens on grapes. | structural and synthetic studies of the metabolites isolated from eutypa lata are reviewed. this fungus is the causative agent of eutypa dieback disease, also known as eutyposis or dying-arm disease, a perennial canker that affects grapevines and many other woody fruit plants. the review, which encompasses all the literature in this field up to the present and in which 76 references are cited, also includes a detailed study of the biological activity of the metabolites, especially the role of to ... | 2006 | 16453034 |
| antifungal effects of cysteine towards eutypa lata, a pathogen of vineyards. | cysteine inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungus affecting grapevines eutypa lata pers. fr. tul. and c. tul. in a concentration-dependent manner. the threshold value (defined by the concentration inducing a growth inhibition higher than 5%) was 0.5 mm. a 10 mm concentration induced a complete inhibition of growth and triggered necrotic processes as evidenced by an increasing number of nuclei stained by propidium iodide. in conditions mimicking the plant environment (in particular, a p ... | 2005 | 16325412 |
| dying-arm disease in grapevines: diagnosis of infection with eutypa lata by metabolite analysis. | dying-arm disease in grapevines, produced by infection with the ascomycete eutypa lata, is responsible for major production losses in vineyards. dieback of the shoots and cordon is believed to be due to acetylenic phenol metabolites produced by the fungus. to identify specific metabolites that could potentially be used for diagnosis of infection, eight e. lata isolates were grown in vitro on hot water extracts from grape varieties with various degrees of tolerance to the foliar symptoms of e. la ... | 2005 | 16218657 |
| influence of temperature and nutritional requirements for mycelial growth of eutypa lata, a vineyard pathogenic fungus. | eutypa dieback (dying arm disease, eutypiosis) is a very devastating disease in many grape-producing areas around the world. this vascular disease is induced by the ascomycete eutypa lata pers. fr. tul & c. tul. invading the trunk by pruning wounds. the environmental factors and the nutritional requirements regulating fungus development are yet poorly known. this work shows that the isolated strain of e. lata was able to grow in a large temperature range (2-30 degrees c). however, a higher tempe ... | 2005 | 15810550 |
| acidic derivatives of the fungicide fenpiclonil: effect of adding a methyl group to the n-substituted chain on systemicity and fungicidal activity. | a new acidic derivative of the fungicide fenpiclonil was synthesized containing a methyl group on the alpha-position of the carboxyl function of n-carboxymethyl-3-cyano-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)pyrrole. the phloem mobility of the resulting n-(1-carboxyethyl)-3-cyano-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)pyrrole was comparable with that of the former compound, but was higher at external ph 5.0. unlike the derivatives previously synthesized, it was comparable with fenpiclonil in its fungicidal activity against the p ... | 2005 | 15751009 |
| identification and characterization of eutypa leptoplaca, a new pathogen of grapevine in northern california. | although eutypa lata is the main agent of eutypa dieback of grapevine, another species of eutypa has been isolated from diseased grapevines in northern california. stromata of this recently discovered eutypa were also collected from acer macrophyllum, a. negundo, and fraxinus latifolia in the vicinity of vineyards, and appeared commonly on umbellularia californica in some mixed-evergreen forests of napa and sonoma counties. this second species of eutypa was distinguished from e. lata because of ... | 2004 | 15535070 |
| laminarin elicits defense responses in grapevine and induces protection against botrytis cinerea and plasmopara viticola. | grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is susceptible to many pathogens, such as botrytis cinerea, plasmopara viticola, uncinula necator, and eutypa lata. phytochemicals are used intensively in vineyards to limit pathogen infections, but the appearance of pesticide-resistant pathogen strains and a desire to protect the environment require that alternative strategies be found. in the present study, the beta-1,3-glucan laminarin derived from the brown algae laminaria digitata was shown both to be an effici ... | 2003 | 14651345 |
| control of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway gene expression by eutypine, a toxin from eutypa lata, in grape cell tissue cultures. | eutypine, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl) benzaldehyde, is a toxin produced by eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback in grapevine. the effect of the toxin on anthocyanin synthesis has been investigated in vitis vinifera cv. gamay cell cultures. at concentrations higher than 200 micromol/l, eutypine reduced anthocyanin accumulation in cells. the reduction in anthocyanin accumulation was proportional to the eutypine concentrations and hplc analysis showed that eutypine affected th ... | 2003 | 12964874 |
| phenolic and heterocyclic metabolite profiles of the grapevine pathogen eutypa lata. | the ascomycete eutypa lata is the causative agent of eutypa dieback in grapevines, a serious economic problem in major wine grape producing areas. in order to develop a predictive, non-destructive assay for early detection of fungal infection, the phenolic metabolite profiles of 11 strains of e. lata grown on four different artificial growth media were analyzed by hplc and their variability compared with growth on cabernet sauvignon grapevine wood and wood extracts. six compounds were generally ... | 2003 | 12943765 |
| synthesis and structure-phytotoxicity relationships of acetylenic phenols and chromene metabolites, and their analogues, from the grapevine pathogen eutypa lata. | eutypa lata, the fungus responsible for dying-arm disease in grapevines, produces a number of structurally related secondary metabolites, of which eutypine (1) has been implicated as the principal phytotoxin. however, analysis of an e. lata strain from california known to be pathogenic to grapevines showed that eutypine was not present, suggesting that other metabolites could be phytotoxic. investigation of the relative phytotoxicities of individual metabolites has been limited by insufficient m ... | 2003 | 12608846 |
| eutypa dieback in grapevines: differential production of acetylenic phenol metabolites by strains of eutypa lata. | the production of acetylenic phenol metabolites in vitro by three strains of the ascomycete eutypa lata, the causative agent of dying-arm disease in grapevines, has been investigated. metabolite composition and yields differed significantly between strains and with growth medium but usually reached a maximum after 24-30 days of fungal growth. a general method for the analysis and identification of metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives was d ... | 2002 | 11879009 |
| characterizing the production of a wild-type and benomyl-resistant fusarium lateritium for biocontrol of eutypa lata on grapevine. | benomyl-resistant (br) and wild-type (wt) strains of fusarium lateritium were examined for their tolerance to benomyl on potato dextrose agar (pda) containing benomyl and control of the eutypa lata in grapevine bioassays. the wt strain grew on pda containing 1 microg/ml benomyl at 13, 26 and 29 degrees c. the br strain grew on pda containing 10 microg/ml benomyl at 4 degrees c, on pda containing 100 microg/ml benomyl at 29 degrees c, and on pda containing 1,000 microg/ml benomyl at 13 degrees c ... | 2001 | 11420655 |
| diversity within natural progenies of the grapevine dieback fungus eutypa lata. | the diversity within 16 natural progenies of the grapevine dieback fungus, eutypa lata, was investigated by sampling single-ascospore isolates mainly in france and using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers, vegetative compatibility (vc), and pathogenicity testing. the combination of rapd and vc data identified each isolate as a unique genotype within each progeny. only three rapd haplotypes did not cluster within the expected groups, i.e. the ascospore families. within each set of cl ... | 1999 | 10591971 |
| protonophoric activity of eutypine, a toxin from eutypa lata, in plant mitochondria. | eutypine is a toxin produced by eutypa lata, the causal agent of the dying-arm disease of grapevine. we have previously shown that this toxin behaves as a lipophylic weak acid (pk = 6.2) and induces drastic changes in both the respiration and energy balance of grapevine cells. in the present study, the molecular mode of action of eutypine at the mitochondrial level, using methyl-eutypine, the unprotonable derivative of the toxin, has been investigated. the effects of these molecules on mitochond ... | 1996 | 8900393 |
| the influence of climate on foliar symptoms of eutypa dieback in grapevines. | abstract foliar symptoms of eutypa dieback, caused by eutypa lata, in grapevines, cv. shiraz, varied from year to year in a 6-year study conducted in south australia and, although trends were similar for vineyards within geographical regions, differences were observed between regions. we attempted to elucidate the causes underlying this variation and hypothesized that it was influenced by climatic factors. a number of possible relationships were identified between climate and symptom expression: ... | 2007 | 18943686 |
| genetic analysis of eutypa strains from california supports the presence of two pathogenic species. | abstract eutypa dieback is a perennial canker disease that adversely affects grape (vitis vinifera) production throughout the world. the causal agent has been known as either eutypa armeniacae or e. lata, and it has been unclear whether the two taxa are separate species. we analyzed 115 isolates of eutypa and conspecific strains, including 106 from california, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and sequence analysis of the ribosomal dna (rdna) internal transcribed spacer (its) s ... | 1999 | 18944731 |
| genetic analysis of eutypa strains from california supports the presence of two pathogenic species. | abstract eutypa dieback is a perennial canker disease that adversely affects grape (vitis vinifera) production throughout the world. the causal agent has been known as either eutypa armeniacae or e. lata, and it has been unclear whether the two taxa are separate species. we analyzed 115 isolates of eutypa and conspecific strains, including 106 from california, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and sequence analysis of the ribosomal dna (rdna) internal transcribed spacer (its) s ... | 1999 | 18944731 |
| variation in pathogenicity and genetic structure in the eutypa lata population of a single vineyard. | abstract fifty-five isolates of eutypa lata were collected in 1994 from a single vineyard, each from a different vine that showed either shoot and foliar symptoms of eutypa dieback or only abnormalities during the period of 1990 to 1994. these isolates showed a large variation in pathogenicity after inoculation on cuttings in the greenhouse. variability also was observed for cultural traits and radial growth rate on potato dextrose agar (pda) medium, but no relation was found between these chara ... | 1997 | 18945047 |
| differential analysis of mycoalexins in confrontation zones of grapevine fungal pathogens by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and capillary nuclear magnetic resonance. | an original approach was developed for the chemical and biological investigation of zone lines formed by the confrontation of fungi growing in confined spaces. two wood-decaying fungi involved in esca disease, eutypa lata and botryosphaeria obtusa, were grown in petri dishes. metabolic profiles of pure fungal strains and confrontation zones were differentially analyzed by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uhplc/tofms). selected metabolites indu ... | 2009 | 19182944 |
| a transcriptomic study of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet-sauvignon) interaction with the vascular ascomycete fungus eutypa lata. | eutypa dieback is a vascular disease that may severely affect vineyards throughout the world. in the present work, microarrays were made in order (i) to improve our knowledge of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet-sauvignon) responses to eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback; and (ii) to identify genes that may prevent symptom development. qiagen/operon grapevine microarrays comprising 14,500 probes were used to compare, under three experimental conditions (in vitro, in the greenhou ... | 2010 | 20190040 |
| molecular identification and detection of eutypa lata in grapevine. | eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback of grapevines, is difficult to identify on the basis of colony morphology and is often out-competed by other fungi when isolated from wood. to facilitate diagnosis of the pathogen, we designed scar primers capable of amplifying dna of e. lata and constructed a genomic dna library from which dna sequences specific to e. lata were identified and sequenced. scar primers were used to identify e. lata directly from culture without the requirement for dn ... | 2005 | 16121566 |
| host range, biological variation, and phylogenetic diversity of eutypa lata in california. | the objectives of this study were to investigate the host range of eutypa lata in the major grape-growing regions in california and to analyze the phenotypic variation and phylogenetic diversity of e. lata isolates. perithecia of e. lata were found on grapevines, in apricot, almond, cherry, apple, and pear tree orchards, and on ornamentals (oleander) and native plant species (california buckeye, big leaf maple, and willow). multigene phylogenies of ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer, β-tu ... | 2010 | 20839940 |
| design and evaluation of a grapevine pruner for biofungicide application. | eutypa lata is a significant grapevine pathogen with limited means of prevention and control. the biological control agent fusarium lateritium can prevent e. lata infection if applied directly onto a vine pruning wound. f. lateritium was suspended and stored in an invert emulsion formulation. a commercially available pruning shear was modified to dispense the formulated f. lateritium onto the cutting blade for direct application onto the pruning wound simultaneously with grapevine cutting. the m ... | 2005 | 15627568 |
| molecular phylogenetic studies on the diatrypaceae based on rdna-its sequences. | the order diatrypales (ascomycota) contains one single family, the diatrypaceae. to obtain insight in the phylogenetic relationships within this family, the complete sequences of the its region (its1, 5.8s rrna gene and its2) of 53 isolates from the five main genera in the family (diatrype, diatrypella, cryptosphaeria, eutypa and eutypella) were determined and aligned for phylogenetic reconstruction. sequence analysis revealed the presence of tandem repeated motifs 11 nucleotides-long, placed in ... | 2004 | 21148852 |
| synthesis and phloem mobility of acidic derivatives of the fungicide fenpiclonil. | a series of derivatives of the phenylpyrrole fungicide fenpiclonil was synthesized in which a carboxyl group was present at various sites of this non-phloem-mobile molecule. using the kleier model, all these acidic analogues were predicted to be moderately phloem-mobile, especially the n-substituted derivatives. one of these latter molecules, n-carboxymethyl-3-cyano-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)pyrrole, exhibited some fungicidal activity on the pathogenic fungus eutypa lata, and was then tested as a ph ... | 2004 | 15532679 |
| secondary metabolites of the grapevine pathogen eutypa lata inhibit mitochondrial respiration, based on a model bioassay using the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | acetylenic phenols and a chromene isolated from the grapevine fungal pathogen eutypa lata were examined for mode of toxicity. the compounds included eutypine (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzyl aldehyde), eutypinol (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzyl alcohol), eulatachromene, 2- isoprenyl-5-formyl-benzofuran, siccayne, and eulatinol. a bioassay using the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that all compounds were either lethal or inhibited growth. a respiratory assay usin ... | 2004 | 15386117 |
| molecular phylogenetic studies on the diatrypaceae based on rdna-its sequences. | the order diatrypales (ascomycota) contains one single family, the diatrypaceae. to obtain insight in the phylogenetic relationships within this family, the complete sequences of the its region (its1, 5.8s rrna gene and its2) of 53 isolates from the five main genera in the family (diatrype, diatrypella, cryptosphaeria, eutypa and eutypella) were determined and aligned for phylogenetic reconstruction. sequence analysis revealed the presence of tandem repeated motifs 11 nucleotides-long, placed in ... | 2004 | 21148852 |
| phytotoxins produced by fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases. | up to 60 species of fungi in the botryosphaeriaceae family, genera cadophora, cryptovalsa, cylindrocarpon, diatrype, diatrypella, eutypa, eutypella, fomitiporella, fomitiporia, inocutis, phaeoacremonium and phaeomoniella have been isolated from decline-affected grapevines all around the world. the main grapevine trunk diseases of mature vines are eutypa dieback, the esca complex and cankers caused by the botryospheriaceae, while in young vines the main diseases are petri and black foot diseases. ... | 2011 | 22295177 |
| pcr assays that identify the grapevine dieback fungus eutypa lata. | eutypa lata is the causal fungal agent of eutypa dieback, a serious grapevine necrotic disease. the erratic and delayed (1 to 2 months) appearance of characteristic conidia on culture media and the presence of numerous microorganisms in decaying wood make it difficult either to identify or to detect e. lata in grapevine wood samples. we designed six pairs of pcr primers for diagnosis of e. lata. three primer pairs were derived from ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer sequences, and three p ... | 2000 | 11010901 |
| purification and characterization of a nadph-dependent aldehyde reductase from mung bean that detoxifies eutypine, a toxin from eutypa lata1 | eutypine (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzaldehyde) is a toxin produced by eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback in the grapevine (vitis vinifera). eutypine is enzymatically converted by numerous plant tissues into eutypinol (4-hydroxy-3-[3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl] benzyl alcohol), a metabolite that is nontoxic to grapevine. we report a four-step procedure for the purification to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity of a eutypine-reducing enzyme (ere) from etiolated mung bean ... | 1999 | 9952458 |
| a novel nadph-dependent aldehyde reductase gene from vigna radiata confers resistance to the grapevine fungal toxin eutypine. | eutypine, 4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-3-butene-1-ynyl) benzyl aldehyde, is a toxin produced by eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback of grapevines. it has previously been demonstrated that tolerance of some cultivars to this disease was correlated with their capacity to convert eutypine to the corresponding alcohol, eutypinol, which lacks phytotoxicity. we have thus purified to homogeneity a protein from vigna radiata that exhibited eutypine-reducing activity and have isolated the correspond ... | 1998 | 9881154 |
| gene expression profiling in susceptible interaction of grapevine with its fungal pathogen eutypa lata: extending mapman ontology for grapevine. | whole genome transcriptomics analysis is a very powerful approach because it gives an overview of the activity of genes in certain cells or tissue types. however, biological interpretation of such results can be rather tedious. mapman is a software tool that displays large datasets (e.g. gene expression data) onto diagrams of metabolic pathways or other processes and thus enables easier interpretation of results. the grapevine (vitis vinifera) genome sequence has recently become available bringi ... | 2009 | 19656401 |
| diversity of diatrypaceous fungi associated with grapevine canker diseases in california. | eutypa lata is the most common diatrypaceous fungus in grapevine cankers. this study was undertaken to determine the presence and diversity of other members of the diatrypaceae in grapevines in california. we isolated into pure culture 11 species of diatrypaceae from the wood of diseased grapevines including cryptosphaeria pullmanensis, cryptovalsa ampelina, diatrype oregonensis, d. stigma, d. whitmanensis, diatrype sp., diatrypella verrucaeformis and four putative species of eutypella. species ... | 2010 | 20361500 |
| microsatellite markers for the grapevine pathogen, eutypa lata. | we isolated and characterized nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for eutypa lata, a fungal pathogen responsible for eutypa dieback of grapevine, in populations from two california vineyards (24 isolates per vineyard). allele frequency ranged from two to 11 alleles per locus and haploid gene diversity ranged from 0.33 to 0.83. all samples comprised unique haplotypes. our results suggest that there is sufficient allelic polymorphism to estimate fine-scale spatial structure, and to identify po ... | 2009 | 21564609 |