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expression analysis of defence-related genes in grapevine leaves after inoculation with a host and a non-host pathogen.the expression of pr protein encoding genes and genes involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism was analysed on grapevine leaves of susceptible and resistant cvs. in response to inoculation with the host-pathogen plasmopara viticola and the non-host pathogen pseudoperonospora cubensis, the downy mildew pathogen of cucumber. these experiments were conducted to elucidate whether or not grapevine plants susceptible to downy mildew exhibit an identical defence response after inoculation with the no ...200616531058
locating the sources of an invasive pest, grape phylloxera, using a mitochondrial dna gene genealogy.range expansions through human introductions have increased with global commerce and have led to the extinction of native species, alterations in community structure and pest status of the invasive species. inferring the evolutionary history of invasive species can help to build a firmer footing for management tactics. this study used mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequence comparisons of samples collected from the native and introduced ranges of a pest herbivore of cultivated grapes, grape phylloxer ...200212296945
resistance gene analogs are candidate markers for disease-resistance genes in grape ( vitis spp.).a set of nbs-containing sequences was isolated from genomic dna of two grape species ( vitis amurensis and vitis riparia) and characterised in a panel of vitis genotypes carrying different levels of resistance against downy mildew and other diseases. a pcr-mediated approach made use of degenerate primers designed on conserved regions encoding known r-genes, and provided the source for cloning grape analogous sequences. cloned sequences were digested with ten endonucleases and 29 out of 71 putati ...200212582885
genetic dissection of sex determinism, inflorescence morphology and downy mildew resistance in grapevine.a genetic linkage map of grapevine was constructed using a pseudo-testcross strategy based upon 138 individuals derived from a cross of vitis vinifera cabernet sauvignon x vitis riparia gloire de montpellier. a total of 212 dna markers including 199 single sequence repeats (ssrs), 11 single strand conformation polymorphisms (sscps) and two morphological markers were mapped onto 19 linkage groups (lg) which covered 1,249 cm with an average of 6.7 cm between markers. the position of ssr loci in th ...200919238349
characterization of vitis vinifera npr1 homologs involved in the regulation of pathogenesis-related gene expression.grapevine protection against diseases needs alternative strategies to the use of phytochemicals, implying a thorough knowledge of innate defense mechanisms. however, signalling pathways and regulatory elements leading to induction of defense responses have yet to be characterized in this species. in order to study defense response signalling to pathogens in vitis vinifera, we took advantage of its recently completed genome sequence to characterize two putative orthologs of npr1, a key player in ...200919432948
cbf4 is a unique member of the cbf transcription factor family of vitis vinifera and vitis riparia.the cbf/dreb1 transcription factors control an important pathway for increased freezing and drought tolerance in plants. we report here the isolation of one cbf/dreb1-like gene, cbf4, from both freezing-tolerant wild grape (vitis riparia) and freezing-sensitive cultivated grape (vitis vinifera). the deduced protein in v. riparia is 99% identical to the corresponding protein in v. vinifera; 45-48% to three other vitis cbf proteins reported earlier and 57% to atcbf1, and contains cbf-specific amin ...200817971068
grapevine xylem sap enhances biofilm development by xylella fastidiosa.xylella fastidiosa is able to form biofilms within xylem vessels of many economically important crops. vessel blockage is believed to be a major contributor to disease development caused by this bacterium. this report shows that vitis riparia xylem sap increases growth rate and induces a characteristic biofilm architecture as compared with biofilms formed in pd2 and pw media. in addition, stable cultures could be maintained, frozen and reestablished in xylem sap. these findings are important as ...200919473259
study on the role of olfaction in host plant detection of scaphoideus titanus (hemiptera: cicadellidae) nymphs.the american grapevine leafhopper, scaphoideus titanus ball (hemiptera: cicadellidae), is the vector of the phytoplasma that causes flavescence dorée, one of the most threatening grapevine yellows disease. the role of olfaction in host plant detection of this species is still unknown. in this study, the attractiveness of a host plant, the grapevine rootstock vitis riparia x rupestris 101/14, to nymphs was verified through behavioral bioassays in a vertical glass y-olfactometer. furthermore, the ...200919610410
genetic linkage map of the interspecific grape rootstock cross ramsey (vitis champinii) x riparia gloire (vitis riparia).the first genetic linkage map of grape derived from rootstock parents was constructed using 188 progeny from a cross of ramsey (vitis champinii) x riparia gloire (v. riparia). of 354 simple sequence repeat markers tested, 205 were polymorphic for at least one parent, and 57.6% were fully informative. maps of ramsey, riparia gloire, and the f1 population were created using joinmap software, following a pseudotestcross strategy. the set of 205 ssrs allowed for the identification of all 19 vitis li ...200616607514
nonhost versus host resistance to the grapevine downy mildew, plasmopara viticola, studied at the tissue level.following inoculation of host and nonhost plants with plasmopara viticola, the grapevine downy mildew, a histological survey was undertaken to identify the stage where its development is contained in nonhosts and in resistant host plants. three herbaceous nonhost species, beta vulgaris, lactuca sativa, and capsicum annuum, and three grapevine species displaying different level of resistance (vitis vinifera [susceptible], vitis riparia [partially resistant] and muscadinia rotundifolia [totally re ...200818943253
cryoprotective mechanism of a small intrinsically disordered dehydrin protein.dehydration proteins (dehydrins) are expressed during dehydration stress in plants and are thought to protect plant proteins and membranes from the loss of water during drought and at cold temperatures. several different dehydrins have been shown to protect lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) from damage from being frozen and thawed. we show here that a 48 residue k₂ dehydrin from vitis riparia protects ldh more effectively than bovine serum albumin, a protein with known cryoprotective function. light s ...201121031484
stilbene synthase gene transfer caused alterations in the phenylpropanoid metabolism of transgenic strawberry (fragaria x ananassa).the gene encoding stilbene synthase is frequently used to modify plant secondary metabolism with the aim of producing the self-defence phytoalexin resveratrol. in this study, strawberry (fragaria x ananassa) was transformed with the ns-vitis3 gene encoding stilbene synthase from frost grape (vitis riparia) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s and the floral filament-specific fil1 promoters. changes in leaf metabolites were investigated with uplc-qtof-ms (ultra performance liquid ...200919443619
phylogenetic and experimental evidence for host-specialized cryptic species in a biotrophic oomycete.assortative mating resulting from host plant specialization has been proposed to facilitate rapid ecological divergence in biotrophic plant pathogens. downy mildews, a major group of biotrophic oomycetes, are prime candidates for testing speciation by host plant specialization. here, we combined a phylogenetic and morphological approach with cross-pathogenicity tests to investigate host plant specialization and host range expansion in grapevine downy mildew. this destructive disease is caused by ...201323153246
production of pinostilbene compounds by the expression of resveratrol o-methyltransferase genes in escherichia coli.resveratrol (3,4',5-trans-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that belongs to a family of naturally occurring stilbenes. it has been reported that the health-promoting activities of certain methylated resveratrol derivatives are more effective than those of unmodified resveratrol. in this study, we isolated two candidate genes with resveratrol o-methyltransferase (romt) activity from grape (vitis riparia) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor). to assess their romt activities in vivo, we sy ...201424267561
myb14, a direct activator of sts, is associated with resveratrol content variation in berry skin in two grape cultivars.high and low resveratrol (res) contents in two cultivars are correlated with the expression abundance of myb14 , which could directly activate transcriptional expression of stilbene synthase gene ( sts ). resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is one of the natural polyphenols produced by secondary metabolism in some plants. stilbene synthase (sts) is the key enzyme for the final step of precursor formation of resveratrol (res) in grapevines. in this study, we found that res contents in ripe be ...201424948530
detection of phytochrome-like genes from rhazya stricta (apocynaceae) using de novo genome assembly.phytochrome-like genes in the wild plant species rhazya stricta decne were characterized using a de novo genome assembly of next generation sequence data. rhazya stricta contains more than 100 alkaloids with multiple pharmacological properties, and leaf extracts have been used to cure chronic rheumatism, to treat tumors, and in the treatment of several other diseases. phytochromes are known to be involved in the light-regulated biosynthesis of some alkaloids. phytochromes are soluble chromoprote ...201324296076
pectin methylesterases: sequence-structural features and phylogenetic relationships.pectin methylesterases (pmes) are enzymes produced by bacteria, fungi and higher plants. they belong to the carbohydrate esterase family ce-8. this study deals with comparison of 127 amino acid sequences of this family containing the five characteristic sequence segments: 44_gxyxe, 113_qaval, 135_qdtl, 157_dfifg, 223_lgrpw (daucus carota numbering). six strictly conserved residues (gly44, gly154, asp157, gly161, arg225 and trp227) and six conservative ones (ile39, ser86, ser137, ile152, ile159 a ...200415337457
qtl analysis of flowering time and ripening traits suggests an impact of a genomic region on linkage group 1 in vitis.in the recent past, genetic analyses of grapevine focused mainly on the identification of resistance loci for major diseases such as powdery and downy mildew. currently, breeding programs make intensive use of these results by applying molecular markers linked to the resistance traits. however, modern genetics also allows to address additional agronomic traits that have considerable impact on the selection of grapevine cultivars. in this study, we have used linkage mapping for the identification ...201425112201
root pressure and specific conductivity in temperate lianas: exotic celastrus orbiculatus (celastraceae) vs. native vitis riparia (vitaceae).the exotic temperate liana (woody vine) celastrus orbiculatus has become a weed in michigan, occurring in many of the same habitats as the native liana vitis riparia. however, c. orbiculatus frequently develops into extensive monospecific infestations, while v. riparia does not. freezing-induced embolism may be responsible for limiting liana distribution. root pressure has been observed in numerous tropical lianas and temperate species of vitis and has been implicated as vital to the recovery of ...200010991898
the volatile metabolome of grapevine roots: first insights into the metabolic response upon phylloxera attack.many plant species respond to herbivore attack by an increased formation of volatile organic compounds. in this preliminary study we analysed the volatile metabolome of grapevine roots [teleki 5c (vitis berlandieri planch. × vitis riparia michx.)] with the aim to gain insight into the interaction between phylloxera (daktulosphaira vitifoliae fitch; hemiptera: phylloxeridae) and grapevine roots. in the first part of the study, headspace solid phase microextraction (hs-spme) coupled to gas chromat ...201121764593
a framework map from grapevine v3125 (vitis vinifera 'schiava grossa' x 'riesling') x rootstock cultivar 'börner' (vitis riparia x vitis cinerea) to localize genetic determinants of phylloxera root resistance.grapevine rootstock cultivar 'börner' is a hybrid of vitis riparia and vitis cinerea arnold that shows high resistance to phylloxera (daktulosphaira vitifoliae fitch). to localize the determinants of phylloxera root resistance, the susceptible grapevine v3125 (vitis vinifera 'schiava grossa' x 'riesling') was crossed to 'börner'. genetic framework maps were built from the progeny. 235 microsatellite markers were placed on the integrated parental map. they cover 1,155.98 cm on 19 linkage groups w ...200919626311
consequences of insect herbivory on grape fine root systems with different growth rates.herbivory tolerance has been linked to plant growth rate where plants with fast growth rates are hypothesized to be more tolerant of herbivory than slower-growing plants. evidence supporting this theory has been taken primarily from observations of aboveground organs but rarely from roots. grapevines differing in overall rates of new root production, were studied in napa valley, california over two growing seasons in an established vineyard infested with the sucking insect, grape phylloxera (dak ...200717547651
freezing characteristics of rigid plant tissues (development of cell tension during extracellular freezing).the freezing characteristics and development of cell tension during extracellular freezing were examined in supercooling stem tissues of riverbank grapes (vitis riparia) and cold-hardened leaves of live oak (quercus virginiana) and mountain cranberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea). dormant stem xylem and pith tissues of river-bank grapes were resistant to freeze-induced dehydration above the homogeneous nucleation temperature, and they developed cell tension reaching a maximum of 27 mpa. similarly, ext ...199612226313
frost grape polysaccharide (fgp), an emulsion-forming arabinogalactan gum from the stems of native north american grape species vitis riparia michx.a new arabinogalactan is described that is produced in large quantity from the cut stems of the north american grape species vitis riparia (frost grape). the sugar composition consists of l-arabinofuranose (l-araf, 55.2%) and d-galactopyranose (d-galp 30.1%), with smaller components of d-xylose (11.2%), d-mannose (3.5%), and glucuronic acid (glca, ∼2%), the latter linked via a galactosyl residue. permethylation identified 3-linked galp residues, some substituted at the 2-position with galp or ma ...026234618
flavor of cold-hardy grapes: impact of berry maturity and environmental conditions.since the arrival on the market of high-quality cold-hardy grape varieties, northern winemaking has been developing tremendously in countries traditionally unsuited for grape and wine production. cold-hardy grapes are mainly interspecific hybrids of vitis vinifera with vitis labrusca and vitis riparia , making their chemical composition distinct from that of v. vinifera varieties traditionally used for winemaking and therefore limiting the use of current knowledge about v. vinifera varieties in ...201324151907
modulation of the root-sourced aba signal along its way to the shoot in vitis riparia x vitis labrusca under water deficit.the intensity of the root-sourced abscisic acid (aba) signal has long been thought to decrease along its long-distance transport pathway, and hence the shoot responses to the aba signal would be expected to become less sensitive with the increase in plant height. it is reported here that there is a significant modification of the aba signal intensity in its pathway to leaves in grapevine (vitis riparia×vitis labrusca), but in contrast to the expectation that the aba signal intensity may decrease ...201121131549
molecular genetic diversity of the french-american grapevine hybrids cultivated in north america.french-american hybrid grapevines are most popular in eastern and mid-western north america: they are hardy cultivars derived from crosses between the european vitis vinifera and american wild vines. the aim of this study was to characterize their genetic background using 6 microsatellite (ssr) markers and a set of 33 diagnostic rapd markers. the latter were reproducible with different pcr thermal cyclers. two ssr loci were found to be synonymous, vrzag47 and vvmd27. the dna profile frequencies ...200314663522
stilbenoid profiles of canes from vitis and muscadinia species.we present stilbenoid profiles of canes from 16 grapevines. fifteen stilbenoids were obtained through isolation and structure identification using ms, nmr, and [α](d) or as commercial standards. an hplc-uv method for the simultaneous quantification of nine of these stilbenoids was developed and applied to canes of vitis amurensis, vitis arizonica, vitis berlandieri, vitis betulifolia, vitis cinerea, vitis × champini, vitis × doaniana, vitis labrusca, vitis candicans (syn. vitis mustangensis), vi ...201323270496
identification of new flavonols in hybrid grapes by combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches.grape flavonols are involved in the phenomenon of copigmentation in red wines. these compounds are characterised by nutraceutical properties, have antioxidant activity and are studied for chemotaxonomy of grapes. in general, hybrid grapes are characterised by presence of polyphenols often qualitatively and quantitatively different from vitis vinifera varieties. in this work, flavonols of 34 hybrid grape varieties (22 red and 12 white) produced by crossing of v. vinifera, vitis riparia, vitis lab ...201424912722
comparison of odor-active compounds in grapes and wines from vitis vinifera and non-foxy american grape species.native american grape (vitis) species have many desirable properties for winegrape breeding, but hybrids of these non-vinifera wild grapes with vitis vinifera often have undesirable aromas. other than the foxy-smelling compounds in vitis labrusca and vitis rotundifolia , the aromas inherent to american vitis species are not well characterized. in this paper, the key odorants in wine produced from the american grape species vitis riparia and vitis cinerea were characterized in comparison to wine ...201121879766
physical, rheological, functional, and film properties of a novel emulsifier: frost grape polysaccharide from vitis riparia michx.a novel emulsifier, frost grape polysaccharide (fgp), isolated from natural exudate of the species vitis riparia michx, was physically and rheologically characterized. the determination of the physical, structural, thermodynamic, emulsification, film, and rheological properties of fgp provide essential details for the commercial adoption of this novel plant polysaccharide. fgp is capable of producing exceptionally stable emulsions when compared with the industrially ubiquitous gum arabic (ga). t ...201728899096
reduced-molecular-weight derivatives of frost grape polysaccharide.a new type ii arabinogalactan was recently described as an abundant gum exudate from stems of wild frost grape (vitus riparia michx.). the purpose of the current study is to more thoroughly characterize the physical properties of this frost grape polysaccharide (fgp), and develop methods to modify the molecular weight of fgp for potential new applications. specifically, native fgp was modified by heat treatment, digestion with the enzyme l-arabinosidase, and ultrasonication. results showed that ...201728751052
fungal endophytes of wild and hybrid vitis leaves and their potential for vineyard biocontrol.plants are colonized by diverse assemblages of fungal endophytes that have potential as biocontrol agents for a variety of crops, including grapevine. although the diversity of symbionts can be very high in wild plants, the fungal endophytes of wild vitis plants have not yet been investigated. we surveyed the fungal endophytes of 6 wild populations of vitis riparia, as well as a cold-tolerant, hybrid grapevine in 5 vineyards (1 certified organic), using 454 pyrosequencing. we detected between 43 ...201728407475
digital morphometrics of two north american grapevines (vitis: vitaceae) quantifies leaf variation between species, within species, and among individuals.recent studies have demonstrated that grapevine (vitis spp.) leaf shape can be quantified using digital approaches which indicate phylogenetic signal in leaf shape, discernible patterns of developmental context within single leaves, and signatures of local environmental conditions. here, we extend this work by quantifying intra-individual, intraspecific, and interspecific variation in leaf morphology in accessions of north american vitis riparia and v. rupestris in a common environment. for each ...201728367159
evidence for hydraulic vulnerability segmentation and lack of xylem refilling under tension.the vascular system of grapevine (vitis spp.) has been reported as being highly vulnerable, even though grapevine regularly experiences seasonal drought. consequently, stomata would remain open below water potentials that would generate a high loss of stem hydraulic conductivity via xylem embolism. this situation would necessitate daily cycles of embolism repair to restore hydraulic function. however, a more parsimonious explanation is that some hydraulic techniques are prone to artifacts in spe ...201627613852
enhanced production of resveratrol derivatives in tobacco plants by improving the metabolic flux of intermediates in the phenylpropanoid pathway.the biosynthesis of flavonoids such as anthocyanin and stilbenes has attracted increasing attention because of their potential health benefits. anthocyanins and stilbenes share common phenylpropanoid precursor pathways. we previously reported that the overexpression of sweetpotato ibmyb1a induced anthocyanin pigmentation in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. in the present study, transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum sr1) plants (sts-ox and rost-ox) expressing the rpsts gene encoding ...201627338256
comparison of cbf1, cbf2, cbf3 and cbf4 expression in some grapevine cultivars and species under cold stress.grapevine, an important horticultural crop in the world, is moderately tolerant to cold conditions and is subjected to the cold injuries at different regions. so studies on different aspects of tolerance mechanism to unexpected cold of late spring as well as winter freezing seems necessary about this vine. for this reason, study on genes responsible for acquiring cold tolerance is very important. transcription factors are among regulatory proteins that are responsible for cold acclimation. in th ...201526973374
short day transcriptomic programming during induction of dormancy in grapevine.bud dormancy in grapevine is an adaptive strategy for the survival of drought, high and low temperatures and freeze dehydration stress that limit the range of cultivar adaptation. therefore, development of a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in bud dormancy is needed to promote advances in selection and breeding, and to develop improved cultural practices for existing grape cultivars. the seasonally indeterminate grapevine, which continuously develops compound axi ...201526582400
structural and functional insights into the cryoprotection of membranes by the intrinsically disordered dehydrins.dehydration can be due to desiccation caused by a lack of environmental water or to freezing caused by a lack of liquid water. plants have evolved a large family of proteins called lea (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins, which include the intrinsically disordered dehydrin (dehydration protein) family, to combat these abiotic stresses. although transcription and translation studies have shown a correlation between dehydration stress and the presence of dehydrins, the biochemical mechanisms ha ...201526370084
a balanced ja/aba status may correlate with adaptation to osmotic stress in vitis cells.water-related stress is considered a major type of plant stress. osmotic stress, in particular, represents the common part of all water-related stresses. therefore, plants have evolved different adaptive mechanisms to cope with osmotic-related disturbances. in the current work, two grapevine cell lines that differ in their osmotic adaptability, vitis rupestris and vitis riparia, were investigated under mannitol-induced osmotic stress. to dissect signals that lead to adaptability from those relat ...201526277753
protein identification and quantification from riverbank grape, vitis riparia: comparing sds-page and fasp-gpf techniques for shotgun proteomic analysis.protein sample preparation optimisation is critical for establishing reproducible high throughput proteomic analysis. in this study, two different fractionation sample preparation techniques (in-gel digestion and in-solution digestion) for shotgun proteomics were used to quantitatively compare proteins identified in vitis riparia leaf samples. the total number of proteins and peptides identified were compared between filter aided sample preparation (fasp) coupled with gas phase fractionation (gp ...201525929842
clonal differences and impact of defoliation on sauvignon blanc (vitis vinifera l.) wines: a chemical and sensory investigation.the aim of this study, performed on sauvignon blanc clones sb11 and sb316, grafted on the same rootstock 101-14 mgt (vitis riparia × v. ruperstris) and grown at two adjacent vineyards, was two-fold: (1) to study wine chemical and sensory composition of both clones within an unaltered canopy; and (2) to determine the effect of defoliation (e.g. bunch microclimate) on wine chemical and sensory composition.201625752685
grapevine species from varied native habitats exhibit differences in embolism formation/repair associated with leaf gas exchange and root pressure.drought induces xylem embolism formation, but grapevines can refill non-functional vessels to restore transport capacity. it is unknown whether vulnerability to embolism formation and ability to repair differ among grapevine species. we analysed in vivo embolism formation and repair using x-ray computed microtomography in three wild grapevine species from varied native habitats (vitis riparia, v. arizonica, v. champinii) and related responses to measurements of leaf gas exchange and root pressur ...201525495925
the importance of size and disorder in the cryoprotective effects of dehydrins.dehydrins protect plant proteins and membranes from damage during drought and cold. vitis riparia k2 is a 48-residue protein that can protect lactate dehydrogenase from freeze-thaw damage by preventing the aggregation and denaturation of the enzyme. to further elucidate its mechanism, we used a series of v. riparia k2 concatemers (k4, k6, k8, and k10) and natural dehydrins (v. riparia ysk2, 60 kilodalton peach dehydrin [pca60], barley dehydrin5 [dhn5], thellungiella salsuginea dehydrin2 [tsdhn-2 ...201324047864
chloroplast genome diversity in portuguese grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars.grapevine chloroplast (cp) dna diversity was analysed for the first time through amplification and digestion of fragments of the large single copy (lsc) region by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology and also by amplification of three microsatellite loci, previously described as polymorphic in grapevine. thirty-eight grapevine cultivars collected mainly in the north of portugal, including some neglected cultivars, four international cultivars (chasselas, ...201322918875
rootstock control of scion transpiration and its acclimation to water deficit are controlled by different genes.the stomatal control of transpiration is one of the major strategies by which plants cope with water stress. here, we investigated the genetic architecture of the rootstock control of scion transpiration-related traits over a period of 3 yr. the rootstocks studied were full sibs from a controlled interspecific cross (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon × vitis riparia cv. gloire de montpellier), onto which we grafted a single scion genotype. after 10 d without stress, the water supply was prog ...201222335501
auxin and cytokinin related gene expression during active shoot growth and latent bud paradormancy in vitis riparia grapevine.cultural practices for canopy management in grapevines rely on intensive manipulation of shoot architecture to maintain canopy light levels. in contrast to common model plant systems used to study regulation of branch outgrowth, the grapevine has a more complex architecture. the node contains first, second and third order axillary meristems. the prompt bud (n+1) develops into a summer lateral and a latent compound bud develops in the basal node of the summer lateral (n+2, n+3(1,2)). the outgrowt ...201222321693
molecular cloning and expression of gene encoding aromatic amino acid decarboxylase in 'vidal blanc' grape berries.the pleasantly fruity and floral 2-phenylethanol are a dominant aroma compound in post-ripening 'vidal blanc' grapes. however, to date little has been reported about its synthetic pathway in grapevine. in the present study, a full-length cdna of vvaadc (encoding aromatic amino acid decarboxylase) was firstly cloned from the berries of 'vidal blanc', an interspecific hybrid variety of vitis vinifera × vitis riparia. this sequence encodes a complete open reading frame of 482 amino acids with a cal ...201221789483
contrast in chloride exclusion between two grapevine genotypes and its variation in their hybrid progeny.potted grapevines of 140 ruggeri (vitis berlandieri × vitis rupestris), a good cl(-) excluder, and k 51-40 (vitis champinii × vitis riparia 'gloire'), a poor cl(-) excluder, and of a family obtained by crossing the two genotypes, were used to examine the inheritance of cl(-) exclusion. rooted leaves were then used to further investigate the mechanism for cl(-) exclusion in 140 ruggeri. in both a potting mix trial (plants watered with 50 mm cl(-)) and a solution culture trial (plants grown in 25 ...201121030390
proteomic analysis of shoot tissue during photoperiod induced growth cessation in v. riparia michx. grapevines.growth cessation, cold acclimation and dormancy induction in grapevines and other woody perennial plants native to temperate continental climates is frequently triggered by short photoperiods. the early induction of these processes by photoperiod promotes winter survival of grapevines in cold temperate zones. examining the molecular processes, in particular the proteomic changes in the shoot, will provide greater insight into the signaling cascade that initiates growth cessation and dormancy ind ...201020704748
differential floral development and gene expression in grapevines during long and short photoperiods suggests a role for floral genes in dormancy transitioning.daylength is an important environmental cue for synchronizing growth, flowering, and dormancy with seasonality. as many floral development genes are photoperiod regulated, it has been suggested that they could have a regulatory role in bud endodormancy. therefore, the influence of photoperiod was studied on inflorescence primordia differentiation and floral pathway related gene expression during the development of overwintering buds in vitis riparia and v. spp. 'seyval'. photoperiod treatments w ...201020151315
nmr assignments of the intrinsically disordered k2 and ysk2 dehydrins.dehydrins are proteins expressed by plants during various dehydrative stresses (drought, cold, and high salinity) to reduce cellular damage. these intrinsically disordered proteins are thought to function by binding to proteins to prevent denaturation, and to membranes to prevent leakage. here, we report the 1h, 15n, and 13c chemical shift assignments of the k2 and ysk2 dehydrins from vitis riparia (wild grape). our results show that the segmental nature of dehydrins allows for the assignments o ...200919842064
grapevine cell early activation of specific responses to dimeb, a resveratrol elicitor.in response to pathogen attack, grapevine synthesizes phytoalexins belonging to the family of stilbenes. grapevine cell cultures represent a good model system for studying the basic mechanisms of plant response to biotic and abiotic elicitors. among these, modified beta-cyclodextrins seem to act as true elicitors inducing strong production of the stilbene resveratrol.200919660119
identification and field evaluation of grape shoot volatiles attractive to female grape berry moth (paralobesia viteana).solid-phase microextraction (spme) and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (gc-ead) were used to identify volatile compounds from shoots of riverbank grape (vitis riparia) that attract the female grape berry moth (gbm, paralobesia viteana). consistent ead activity was obtained for 11 chemicals: (z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, (e)-linalool oxide, (z)-linalool oxide, nonanal, linalool, (e)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, methyl salicylate, decanal, beta-caryophyllene, germacre ...200818649104
transcript profiling in vitis riparia during chilling requirement fulfillment reveals coordination of gene expression patterns with optimized bud break.endodormant grapevine buds require a period of chilling before they break and begin to grow. custom vitis bud cdna microarrays (9,216 features) were used to examine gene expression patterns in overwintering vitis riparia buds during 2,000 h of 4 degrees c chilling. three-node cuttings collected concurrently with buds were monitored to determine dormancy status. chilling requirement was fulfilled after 1,500 h of chilling; however, 2,000 h of chilling significantly increased the rate of bud break ...200918633655
importance of internal hydraulic redistribution for prolonging the lifespan of roots in dry soil.redistribution of water within plants could mitigate drought stress of roots in zones of low soil moisture. plant internal redistribution of water from regions of high soil moisture to roots in dry soil occurs during periods of low evaporative demand. using minirhizotrons, we observed similar lifespans of roots in wet and dry soil for the grapevine 'merlot' (vitis vinifera) on the rootstock 101-14 millardet de gramanet (vitis riparia x vitis rupestris) in a napa county, california vineyard. we h ...200818028280
three grape cbf/dreb1 genes respond to low temperature, drought and abscisic acid.the c-repeat (crt)-binding factor/dehydration-responsive element (dre) binding protein 1 (cbf/ dreb1) transcription factors control an important pathway for increased freezing and drought tolerance in plants. three cbf/dreb1-like genes, cbf 1-3, were isolated from both freezing-tolerant wild grape (vitis riparia) and freezing-sensitive cultivated grape (vitis vinifera). the deduced proteins in v. riparia are 63-70% identical to each other and 96-98% identical to the corresponding proteins in v. ...200617080962
stress- and development-induced expression of spliced and unspliced transcripts from two highly similar dehydrin 1 genes in v. riparia and v. vinifera.dehydrins are proteins that accumulate in vegetative tissues subjected to various dehydrating stress conditions such as cold, drought, and salinity and in seeds at later stages of embryogenesis. here, we report on two highly identical dehydrin genes, dhn1a and dhn1b, in wild and cultivated grapes, vitis riparia and vitis vinifera, and their expression in different tissues and under different environmental conditions. the two genes and their transcripts can easily be distinguished by rt-pcr becau ...200616552595
adaptive responses to iron-deficiency in callus cultures of two cultivars of vitis spp.the correlation between iron chlorosis resistance and induction of adaptive mechanisms in grapevine calli belonging to cultivars with different susceptibility to iron chlorosis has been investigated. fe(iii)-chelate reductase was clearly linked to the fe-efficiency status of the genotype. when growing on iron deprived medium (-fe) calli of the fe-efficient genotype "cabernet sauvignon" showed a remarkable increase in enzyme activity, up to five times higher, with respect to +fe cultures. moreove ...200312964862
molecular linkage maps of vitis vinifera l. and vitis riparia mchx.two linkage maps for grape (vitis spp.) have been developed based on 81 f(1) plants derived from an interspecific cross between the wine cultivar moscato bianco (vitis vinifera l.) and a vitis riparia mchx. accession, a donor of pathogen resistance traits. the double pseudotest-cross mapping strategy was applied using three types of molecular markers. the efficiency of ssrs to anchor homologous linkage groups from different vitis maps and the usefulness of aflps in saturating molecular linkage m ...200312748772
chloroplast microsatellite polymorphisms in vitis species.the use of consensus chloroplast microsatellites primers for dicotyledonous chloroplast genomes revealed the existence of intra and interspecific length variation within the genus vitis. three chloroplast microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic in samples of vitis vinifera, vitis berlandieri, vitis riparia, and vitis rupestris out of a total of 10 consensus primer pairs tested. these polymorphisms were always due to a variable number of mononucleotide residues within a and (or) t stretc ...200212502260
host plant manipulation of natural enemies: leaf domatia protect beneficial mites from insect predators.acarodomatia are small tufts of hair or invaginations in the leaf surface and are frequently inhabited by several taxa of non-plant-feeding mites. for many years, ecologists have hypothesized that these structures represent a mutualistic association between mites and plants where the mites benefit the plant by reducing densities of phytophagous arthropods and epiphytic microorganisms, and domatia benefit the mite by providing protection from stressful environmental conditions, other predaceous a ...200128547239
spring filling of xylem vessels in wild grapevine.xylem vessels in grapevines vitis labrusca l. and vitis riparia michx. growing in new england contained air over winter and yet filled with xylem sap and recovered their maximum hydraulic conductance during the month before leaf expansion in late may. during this period root pressures between 10 and 100 kilopascals were measured. although some air in vessels apparently dissolved in ascending xylem sap, results indicated that some is pushed out of vessels and then out of the vine. air in the vess ...198716665259
distribution and characterization of the vitis vinifera l. subsp. sylvestris in southern tuscany.the eurasian grapevine is the most widespread fruit crop in the world. numerous studies have focused on clarifying the events of domestication and the geographical areas in which they occurred.201829366430
dissecting the rootstock control of scion transpiration using model-assisted analyses in grapevine.how rootstocks contribute to the control of scion transpiration under drought is poorly understood. we investigated the role of root characteristics, hydraulic conductance and chemical signals (abscisic acid, aba) in the response of stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (e) to drought in cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera) grafted onto drought-sensitive (vitis riparia) and drought-tolerant (vitis berlandieri × vitis rupestris 110r) rootstocks. all combinations showed a concomitant reductio ...201729228360
identification of microsatellite sequences in vitis riparia and their applicability for genotyping of different vitis species.a vitis riparia genomic library was screened for the presence of (ga)n simple sequence repeats (ssr) and 18 primer pairs yielding amplification products of the expected size were designed. heterologous amplification with the primer pairs in related species (v. rupestris, v. berlandieri, v. labrusca, v. cinerea, v. aestivalis, v. vinifera, and interspecific hybrids) was successful in most primer-species combinations. therefore, the new markers are applicable to the genotyping of a range of vitis ...199910382286
the effect of myo-inositol on the growth of callus tissue in vitis.on m2-medium, which is a revised linsmaier and skoogmedium, callus tissue of vitis vinifera cv. müller-thurgau shows normal growth not dependent upon myo-inositol. callus cells of this cultivar may therefore be able to synthesize myo-inositol. callus cells of the cv. aris require myo-inositol and show increasing growth up to an optimum of 250 mg 1(-1). further increase of the myo-inositol concentration resulted in decreasing growth. growth promotion may be due to a higher cell division rate and ...198423195051
on the occurrence of nuclei in mature sieve elements.the secondary phloem of 3 species of the taxodiaceae and 13 species of woody dicotyledons was examined for the occurrence of nuclei in mature sieve elements. nuclei were found in all mature sieve cells of metasequoia glyptostroboides, sequoia sempervirens and taxodium distichum, and in some mature sieve-tube members in 12 of the 13 species of woody dicotyledons. except for nuclei of sieve cells undergoing cessation of function, the nuclei in mature sieve cells of m. glyptostroboides, s. sempervi ...197024497143
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