| development of an elisa to detect mx virus, a human calicivirus in the snow mountain agent genogroup. | mx virus is a snow mountain agent (sma) genogroup human calicivirus (hucv) identified in a mexican child with diarrhoea. an elisa using hyperimmune antisera to the recombinant mx virus (rmx) capsid was developed to detect sma genogroup hucvs in stool specimens. the rmx elisa detected the prototype mx virus, sma, and hawaii agent (ha), but not norwalk virus (nv) or sapporo virus. twenty-three diarrhoea stool specimens from children attending day care centres in norfolk, virginia, were positive by ... | 1995 | 7595381 |
| parkville virus: a novel genetic variant of human calicivirus in the sapporo virus clade, associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis in adults. | this report describes the characterization of parkville virus, the etiologic agent of an outbreak of foodborne gastroenteritis, that has the morphology of a calicivirus and genetic properties that distinguish it from previously identified strains in the sapporo/manchester virus clade. sequence analysis of the parkville virus genome showed it contained the rna-dependent rna polymerase motifs glpsg and ygdd characteristic of members of the family caliciviridae with an organization identical to tha ... | 1997 | 9179765 |
| epidemiological study of prevalence of genogroup ii human calicivirus (mexico virus) infections in japan and southeast asia as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | mexico virus (mxv) is a genogroup ii human calicivirus (hucv). we conducted an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of mxv infection in infants and adults in japan and southeast asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) developed by using baculovirus-expressed recombinant mxv (rmxv) capsids. of 155 stool specimens obtained from children younger than 10 years old with acute clinical gastroenteritis (diarrhea and vomiting) associated with small, round-structured viruses in j ... | 1998 | 9705378 |
| taxonomy of the caliciviruses. | the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv) has recently approved several proposals submitted by the present caliciviridae study group. these proposals include the division of the family into 4 new genera designated lagovirus, vesivirus, "norwalk-like viruses (nlvs), and "sapporo-like viruses (slvs); the latter 2 genera were assigned temporary names until acceptable names can be determined by the scientific community. the genera have been further divided into the following species: ... | 2000 | 10804145 |
| members of the family caliciviridae (norwalk virus and sapporo virus) are the most prevalent cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks among infants in japan. | norwalk virus (nv) and sapporo virus (sv) were approved as type species of the genus norwalk-like viruses and the genus sapporo-like viruses, respectively, within the family caliciviridae. to clarify the importance of nv and sv as causes of gastroenteritis outbreaks in infants, stool samples obtained from 36 outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis that occurred during 1976-1995 in an infant home in sapporo, japan, were examined for diarrhea viruses using electron microscopy, enzyme immunoassay ... | 2000 | 10837186 |
| effect of rotavirus vaccine on sapporo virus gastroenteritis in finnish infants. | sapporo-like viruses (slvs) occur worldwide, but there is limited information about the slv-associated gastroenteritis outside japan. | 2001 | 11303833 |
| clinical severity of norwalk virus and sapporo virus gastroenteritis in children in hokkaido, japan. | to clarify the clinical significance and etiologic impact of norwalk virus (nv) and sapporo virus (sv) in viral gastroenteritis in japanese children. | 2001 | 11734762 |
| molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of sapporo-like viruses. | sapporo-like viruses (slv) are a causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans. slv-specific primers were newly designed in capsid protein-coding region and 529 fecal samples collected from gastroenteritis patients were tested. thirty-five samples (6.6%) were found to be positive by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). out of 35 positive samples, 25 were classified into a genogroup sg-i, typified by the sapporo virus, and 9 were classified as a genogroup sg-ii, typified by th ... | 2002 | 12111418 |
| [incidence and prevalent types of norwalk virus, sapporo virus and human astrovirus in pediatric gastroenteritis in hiroshima prefecture]. | the incidence and prevalent types of norwalk virus (nv), sapporo virus (sv), and human astrovirus (hastv) in pediatric gastroenteritis in hiroshima prefecture were investigated in 7 cold seasons, between 1995/96 and 2001/02. the incidences of nv, sv, and hastv were 23.6% ranging from 16.3 to 34.4, 2.5% ranging from 1.5 to 4.7, and 3.2% ranging from 1.5 to 6.0, respectively. the peak of the incidence of nv was found in november and december. no accumulation of monthly incidence in sv or hastv was ... | 2003 | 14672009 |
| human sapoviruses: genetic diversity, recombination, and classification. | the family caliciviridae contains four genera sapovirus, norovirus, lagovirus and vesivirus, which include sapporo virus (sav), norwalk virus (nov), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), respectively. sav is a causative agent of gastroenteritis in children and adults. sav can be divided into five genogroups (gi-gv), among which gi, gii, giv and gv are known to infect humans, whereas sav giii infects porcine species. detection methods include elisa, rt-pcr and real ... | 2007 | 17340567 |
| the possible molecular evolution of sapoviruses by inter- and intra-genogroup recombination. | sapporo virus belongs to the genus sapovirus (family caliciviridae) and has a non-segmented single-stranded, positive-sense rna genome. this virus causes acute gastroenteritis in human, porcine and mink hosts. in this study, the complete genome of a brazilian sapovirus isolate from a child with acute gastroenteritis was determined. a phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the genotype of this sapovirus (sapo_br-df01), and possible intra- and inter-genogroups recombination events were evalu ... | 2011 | 21796399 |
| dna microarray for detection of gastrointestinal viruses. | gastroenteritis is a clinical illness of humans and other animals that is characterized by vomiting and diarrhea and caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses. an increasing number of viral species have been associated with gastroenteritis or have been found in stool samples as new molecular tools have been developed. in this work, a dna microarray capable in theory of parallel detection of more than 100 viral species was developed and tested. initial validation was done with 10 differ ... | 2014 | 25355758 |
| complete genome sequence of a sapporo virus gv.2 variant from a 2016 outbreak of gastroenteritis in sweden. | during an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in sweden when laboratory routine diagnostics failed to detect a causative agent, sapporo virus was detected in stool specimens using electron microscopy (m.-p. hergens, j. nederby öhd, e. alm, h. hervius askling, s. helgesson, m. insulander, n. lagerkvist, b. svennungsson, m. tihane, t. tolfvenstam, p. follin, unpublished data). whole-genome sequencing revealed a sapporo virus variant clustering with genogroup v. | 2017 | 28153884 |
| full sequence analysis of original sapporo virus. | we obtained the full-length genome sequence of the prototype of sapovirus, that is the sapporo virus (sv82). sapporo virus rna was extracted from a fecal sample, amplified by rt-pcr and the pcr products were sequenced directly and analyzed. sequence analysis showed that this sapporo virus consisted of 7433 nucleotides and had 3 open reading frames (orf). the sapporo strain showed 91.7% nucleotide sequence identity to manchester virus. phylogenic analysis revealed the closeness of sapporo virus t ... | 2011 | 21645054 |
| comparative site-directed mutagenesis in the catalytic amino acid triad in calicivirus proteases. | calicivirus proteases cleave the viral precursor polyprotein encoded by open reading frame 1 (orf1) into multiple intermediate and mature proteins. these proteases have conserved histidine (his), glutamic acid (glu) or aspartic acid (asp), and cysteine (cys) residues that are thought to act as a catalytic triad (i.e. general base, acid and nucleophile, respectively). however, is the triad critical for processing the polyprotein? in the present study, we examined these amino acids in viruses repr ... | 2011 | 21204947 |
| cross-reactivity among several recombinant calicivirus virus-like particles (vlps) with monoclonal antibodies obtained from mice immunized orally with one type of vlp. | human caliciviruses (hucvs) are classified into the norwalk-like viruses (nlv) and sapporo-like viruses (slv) as genera within the family caliciviridae: the nlv genus is further classified into genogroups i and ii, based on sequence similarities. to study the antigenic determinants on the hucv capsid protein and develop new diagnostic tools for field samples, we established and characterized monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against baculovirus-expressed recombinant hucv virus-like particles (vlps). ... | 2002 | 12089262 |
| sensitive detection and differentiation of sapporo virus, a member of the family caliciviridae, by standard and booster nested polymerase chain reaction. | norwalk virus and sapporo virus (sv) were approved as type species of the genus norwalk-like viruses and the genus sapporo-like viruses, respectively, in the family caliciviridae. nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), using newly designed primers in the rna-dependent rna polymerase region, was developed to detect and differentiate viruses in the three genetic groups of sv based on the relative size of the pcr products obtained. in addition, a booster nested pcr that performs nested pcr in a si ... | 2001 | 11536253 |
| evaluation of nine sets of pcr primers in the rna dependent rna polymerase region for detection and differentiation of members of the family caliciviridae, norwalk virus and sapporo virus. | norwalk virus and sapporo virus were approved as type species of the genus "norwalk-like viruses" and the genus "sapporo-like viruses," respectively, in the family caliciviridae. a total of 116 stool specimens containing norwalk virus (nv) or sapporo virus (sv) were tested by rt-pcr and southern hybridization to evaluate nine sets of pcr primers and seven internal oligonucleotide probes in the rna dependent rna polymerase region of nv and sv for detection and differentiation of viruses in the nv ... | 2000 | 10888362 |
| sapporo virus: history and recent findings. | morphologically distinct caliciviruses of human origin were first found in stools of children with gastroenteritis in 1976. sapporo virus, or human calicivirus sapporo, with typical surface morphology was first detected during a gastroenteritis outbreak in a home for infants in sapporo, japan, in 1977. since then, morphologically and antigenically identical virus has been detected frequently in the same institution in association with outbreaks of gastroenteritis. sapporo virus is widely distrib ... | 2000 | 10804142 |
| prevalence of human calicivirus infections in kenya as determined by enzyme immunoassays for three genogroups of the virus. | an epidemiological survey on human calicivirus (hucv) infections and associated gastroenteritis in infants was conducted to clarify the prevalence of hucv infections in infants and adults in kenya. enzyme immunoassays (eias) for three genogroups of hucvs, norwalk virus (nv), mexico virus (mxv), and sapporo virus (sv), were used to detect antigen or antibody. we tested 1,431 stool samples obtained from children younger than 6 years old with acute gastroenteritis who visited outpatient clinics in ... | 1998 | 9774557 |
| genetic and antigenic diversity of human caliciviruses (hucvs) using rt-pcr and new eias. | rt-pcr using primers from conserved regions of calicivirus genomes, followed by sequencing, permits characterization of genetic variation within the family. eias based on baculovirus-expressed viral capsid proteins and hyperimmune antisera against the capsid proteins were developed to detect hucv antigens and antibodies. serologic surveys using recombinant norwalk virus (rnv) and recombinant mexico virus (rmx, a sma-like virus) eias showed that infections by hucvs are common and that children ac ... | 1996 | 9015122 |