| taxonomy of the caliciviruses. | the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv) has recently approved several proposals submitted by the present caliciviridae study group. these proposals include the division of the family into 4 new genera designated lagovirus, vesivirus, "norwalk-like viruses (nlvs), and "sapporo-like viruses (slvs); the latter 2 genera were assigned temporary names until acceptable names can be determined by the scientific community. the genera have been further divided into the following species: ... | 2000 | 10804145 |
| immunocapture-rt-pcr assay for detection and molecular epidemiology studies of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome viruses. | rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and european brown hare syndrome virus are two members of the genus lagovirus in the family caliciviridae. they are the causative agents of highly contagious and fatal diseases of rabbits and hares respectively. we adjusted one assay for the detection and the genomic characterisation of each virus, based on viral purification by immunocapture and genomic amplification by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ic-rt-pcr). it is carried out directly with ... | 2001 | 11483216 |
| european brown hare syndrome virus in free-ranging european brown hares from argentina. | from 1998 to 2000, serum samples of 80 shot european brown hares (lepus europaeus) from argentina were examined for antibodies against european brown hare syndrome virus (ebhsv) and 80 spleen samples were tested for ebhsv-antigen by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). nine hares were positive for ebhsv-antigen. antibodies against ebhsv were detected in only one individual. based on negative staining electron microscopy of spleen homogenates, we observed calicivirus in one of five ebhsv-an ... | 2003 | 12685075 |
| european brown hare syndrome in free-living mountain hares (lepus timidus) and european brown hares (lepus europaeus) in finland 1990-2002. | we investigated the epidemiology of the european brown hare syndrome (ebhs) in finland among free-living mountain hares (lepus timidus) and european brown hares (lepus europaeus). carcasses of 297 european brown hares and 843 mountain hares submitted for postmortem examination were analyzed between 1990 and 2002. one hundred thirty-six cases of ebhs were detected during the examination, 20 cases in european brown hares and 116 in mountain hares. liver samples from 56 histopathologically positive ... | 2005 | 15827209 |
| molecular epidemiology of european brown hare syndrome virus in france between 1989 and 2003. | genetic diversity between french european brown hare syndrome (ebhs) viruses since the disease appeared has been evaluated. nucleotide sequencing of the partial capsid protein genes of 169 ebhs viruses collected from various parts of france between 1989 and 2003, three reference strains, and a greek ebhsv collected in 2002 revealed a maximum nucleotide divergence of 11.7%, indicating a high level of conservation between viruses. two major groups were identified. the first group contained ebhs vi ... | 2006 | 16596329 |
| a pandemic strain of calicivirus threatens rabbit industries in the americas. | rabbit hemorrhagic disease (rhd) is a severe acute viral disease specifically affecting the european rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus. as the european rabbit is the predominant species of domestic rabbit throughout the world, rhd contributes towards significant losses to rabbit farming industries and endangers wild populations of rabbits in europe and other predatory animals in europe that depend upon rabbits as a food source. rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) - a lagovirus belonging to the fa ... | 2007 | 17910765 |
| genomic characterization of the unclassified bovine enteric virus newbury agent-1 (newbury1) endorses a new genus in the family caliciviridae. | the pathogenic bovine enteric virus, newbury agent-1 (bo//newbury1/1976/uk), first identified in 1976, was characterized as a possible calicivirus by morphology, buoyant density in cscl and the presence of a single capsid protein but genomic sequence could not be obtained. in the present study, the complete genome sequence of newbury1 was determined and classified newbury1 in a new genus of the caliciviridae. the newbury1 genome, of 7454 nucleotides, had two predicted open reading frames (orfs). ... | 2006 | 16574184 |
| proteolytic processing of sapovirus orf1 polyprotein. | the genome of sapovirus (sav), a causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans and swine, contains either two or three open reading frames (orfs). functional motifs characteristic to the 2c-like ntpase (ntpase), vpg, 3c-like protease (pro), 3d-like rna-dependent rna polymerase (pol), and capsid protein (vp1) are encoded in the orf1 polyprotein, which is afterwards cleaved into the nonstructural and structural proteins. we recently determined the complete genome sequence of a novel human sav strai ... | 2005 | 15919882 |
| synthesis in vitro of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus subgenomic rna by internal initiation on (-)sense genomic rna: mapping of a subgenomic promoter. | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), a positive-strand rna virus, is the type species of the lagovirus within the caliciviridae. in addition to the genomic rna of 7.4 kb, a subgenomic mrna (sgrna) of 2.2 kb, which is identical in sequence to the 3' one-third of the genomic rna, is also synthesized in rhdv-infected cells. numerous rna viruses make sgrna for expression of their 3'-proximal genes. a relevant mechanism for viral gene expression is the regulation of sgrna synthesis by specific pr ... | 2004 | 14744857 |
| characterization of an enteropathogenic bovine calicivirus representing a potentially new calicivirus genus. | bovine enteric caliciviruses (bec) are associated with diarrhea in young calves. the bec strains detected in europe form a third genogroup within the genus "norwalk-like viruses" (nlv) of the family caliciviridae. in this report, we present sequence, clinical, and histological data characterizing a novel enteropathogenic bec strain, nb, detected in fecal specimens from calves in the united states. the complete rna genome of the nb virus is 7,453 bases long and is organized into two open reading ... | 2002 | 12239283 |
| histo-blood group antigens act as attachment factors of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus infection in a virus strain-dependent manner. | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), a calicivirus of the lagovirus genus, and responsible for rabbit hemorrhagic disease (rhd), kills rabbits between 48 to 72 hours post infection with mortality rates as high as 50-90%. caliciviruses, including noroviruses and rhdv, have been shown to bind histo-blood group antigens (hbga) and human non-secretor individuals lacking abh antigens in epithelia have been found to be resistant to norovirus infection. rhdv virus-like particles have previously bee ... | 2011 | 21901093 |
| cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of two types of wild rabbit hemorrhagic disease viruses characterized the structural features of lagovirus. | rabbit hemorrhagic disease was described in china in 1984 and can cause hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver within two or three days after infection. the etiological agent, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), belongs to the lagovirus genus in the caliciviridae family. compared to other calicivirus, such as rnv and smsv, the structure of lagovirus members is not well characterized. in this report, structures of two types of wild rhdv particles, the intact virion and the core-like particle (clp ... | 2010 | 21203997 |
| characterisation of a non-pathogenic and non-protective infectious rabbit lagovirus related to rhdv. | the existence of non-pathogenic rhdv strains was established when a non-lethal virus named rabbit calicivirus (rcv) was characterised in 1996 in italy. since then, different rna sequences related to rhdv have been detected in apparently healthy domestic and wild rabbits, and recently a new lagovirus was identified in australia. we have characterised from seropositive healthy domestic rabbits a non-lethal lagovirus that differs from rhdv in terms of pathogenicity, tissue tropism and capsid protei ... | 2010 | 21195443 |
| evolution and phylogeography of the nonpathogenic calicivirus rcv-a1 in wild rabbits in australia. | despite its potential importance for the biological control of european rabbits, relatively little is known about the evolution and molecular epidemiology of rabbit calicivirus australia 1 (rcv-a1). to address this issue we undertook an extensive evolutionary analysis of 36 rcv-a1 samples collected from wild rabbit populations in southeast australia between 2007 and 2009. based on phylogenetic analysis of the entire capsid sequence, six clades of rcv-a1 were defined, each exhibiting strong popul ... | 2010 | 20861266 |
| factors affecting the seroprevalence of lagovirus infection in wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) in southern spain. | cross-sectional studies were carried out on wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) populations in southern spain to assess the prevalence of lagovirus infection and to identify potentially associated risk factors. a total of 619 blood and 487 liver samples from wild rabbits were collected from seven hunting areas with different mediterranean ecosystems. logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between seropositivity and an extensive set of variables. the seroprevalence was 29.2% ... | 2010 | 20643566 |
| the non-pathogenic australian lagovirus rcv-a1 causes a prolonged infection and elicits partial cross-protection to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus. | two caliciviruses occur in australian wild rabbits: rabbit calicivirus australia 1 (rcv-a1) and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), which is used in australia as a biocontrol agent to reduce feral rabbit populations. there is concern that rcv-a1 acts as a natural vaccine and protects from lethal rhdv infection. to investigate this hypothesis, domestic rabbits were perorally infected with rcv-a1, monitored for 28 days and subsequently challenged with rhdv. we show that rcv-a1 causes a non-p ... | 2010 | 20034646 |
| novel calicivirus identified in rabbits, michigan, usa. | we report a disease outbreak in a michigan rabbitry of a rabbit calicivirus distinct from the foreign animal disease agent, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv). the novel virus has been designated michigan rabbit calicivirus (mrcv). caliciviruses of the lagovirus genus other than rhdv have not been described in us rabbit populations. the case-fatality rate was 32.5% (65/200). clinical signs included hemorrhage and sudden death, with hepatic necrosis. analysis of viral rna sequence from >95% ... | 2009 | 19961675 |
| identification and partial characterisation of a new lagovirus in australian wild rabbits. | rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) is widely used in australia to control feral rabbit populations. before rhdv was released on the australian continent in 1996, antibodies cross-reacting in rhdv specific elisas were found in australian wild rabbits, leading to the hypothesis that a non-pathogenic calicivirus had been circulating in rabbit populations in australia, potentially providing some level of cross-immunoprotection to rhdv infection. for the detection of this putative virus, a univ ... | 2009 | 19049842 |
| bioinformatic and functional analysis of rna secondary structure elements among different genera of human and animal caliciviruses. | the mechanism and role of rna structure elements in the replication and translation of caliciviridae remains poorly understood. several algorithmically independent methods were used to predict secondary structures within the norovirus, sapovirus, vesivirus and lagovirus genera. all showed profound suppression of synonymous site variability (sssv) at genomic 5' ends and the start of the sub-genomic (sg) transcript, consistent with evolutionary constraints from underlying rna structure. a newly de ... | 2008 | 18319285 |
| human sapoviruses: genetic diversity, recombination, and classification. | the family caliciviridae contains four genera sapovirus, norovirus, lagovirus and vesivirus, which include sapporo virus (sav), norwalk virus (nov), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), respectively. sav is a causative agent of gastroenteritis in children and adults. sav can be divided into five genogroups (gi-gv), among which gi, gii, giv and gv are known to infect humans, whereas sav giii infects porcine species. detection methods include elisa, rt-pcr and real ... | 2007 | 17340567 |
| structural and functional characterization of sapovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | sapoviruses are one of the major agents of acute gastroenteritis in childhood. they form a tight genetic cluster (genus) in the caliciviridae family that regroups both animal and human pathogenic strains. no permissive tissue culture has been developed for human sapovirus, limiting its characterization to surrogate systems. we report here on the first extensive characterization of the key enzyme of replication, the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) associated with the 3d(pol)-like protein. enz ... | 2007 | 17121797 |