| organization of the canine calicivirus genome from the rna polymerase gene to the poly(a) tail. | in recent years a wealth of data has become available about the caliciviruses that infect humans, as well as those which infect a range of animal species, notably cats, rabbits, pigs and marine animals. however, in the two decades since the earliest reports of calicivirus infection in dogs, very little has become known about the epidemiology, pathogenicity and molecular biology of the caliciviruses that may infect canines. in 1990, a canine calicivirus (cacv) was isolated from a 2-month-old diar ... | 1999 | 10211962 |
| taxonomy of the caliciviruses. | the international committee on taxonomy of viruses (ictv) has recently approved several proposals submitted by the present caliciviridae study group. these proposals include the division of the family into 4 new genera designated lagovirus, vesivirus, "norwalk-like viruses (nlvs), and "sapporo-like viruses (slvs); the latter 2 genera were assigned temporary names until acceptable names can be determined by the scientific community. the genera have been further divided into the following species: ... | 2000 | 10804145 |
| inhibition of vesivirus infections in mammalian tissue culture with antisense morpholino oligomers. | caliciviruses infect and cause disease in animals and humans. they are nonenveloped, positive-stranded rna viruses with a genome of approximately 7.5 kb that encodes viral proteins in three open reading frames (orf). antisense oligomers targeting one of the three orf of caliciviruses of the genus vesivirus significantly inhibit viral replication in tissue culture. porcine kidney and african green monkey kidney cells were infected with vesivirus isolates smsv-13 and pcv pan-1. phosphorodiamidate ... | 2001 | 11763348 |
| complete nucleotide sequence, genome organization and phylogenic analysis of the canine calicivirus. | the complete genomic sequence of canine calicivirus (cacv) isolated from feces of a dog with diarrhea was determined. the cacv genome, a positive-sense single-stranded rna, contained 8513 nucleotides excluding the poly(a) tail and was longer than that of any other calicivirus strain with a completely known sequence. there were three open reading frames (orf1, nt 12-5801; orf2, nt 5805-7880; and orf3, nt 7877-8278). orf1 encoded a polyprotein (calculated mr of 214,802) which had the conserved mot ... | 2002 | 12206310 |
| characterization of an enteropathogenic bovine calicivirus representing a potentially new calicivirus genus. | bovine enteric caliciviruses (bec) are associated with diarrhea in young calves. the bec strains detected in europe form a third genogroup within the genus "norwalk-like viruses" (nlv) of the family caliciviridae. in this report, we present sequence, clinical, and histological data characterizing a novel enteropathogenic bec strain, nb, detected in fecal specimens from calves in the united states. the complete rna genome of the nb virus is 7,453 bases long and is organized into two open reading ... | 2002 | 12239283 |
| identification of a calicivirus isolate of unknown origin. | chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells manifesting striking cytopathogenic changes in culture were investigated to determine the causative agent. electron microscopic analyses revealed viral particles of about 40 nm in diameter, displaying typical calicivirus morphology. to date, this virus, designated isolate 2117, exclusively replicates in cho cells, achieving only moderate titres. after cloning, the coding region of 7928 nucleotides, the 3' non-coding region and the poly(a) tail were sequenced. th ... | 2003 | 13679618 |
| evaluation of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of swine vesicular disease virus. | differential detection of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) from the other vesicular disease viruses of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), vesicular stomatitis (vs) and vesivirus is important as the vesicular lesions produced by these viruses are indistinguishable in pigs. two independent sets of primers and probe, designed from nucleotide sequences within the 5' untranslated region (utr) of the svdv genome, were evaluated in a real-time (5' nuclease probe-based or fluorogenic) pcr format. althoug ... | 2004 | 14738984 |
| new calicivirus isolated from walrus. | the nucleotide sequence and genome organization of a new member of caliciviridae was determined. cell culture inoculated with fecal matter from walrus was used to recover fragments of a new virus by suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). the isolate was identified as a member of the vesivirus genus of caliciviridae and designated the name walrus calicivirus (wcv). sets of pcr primers spanning the entire putative genome were designed using known sequences of other vesiviruses. the assembled ... | 2004 | 15084403 |
| inter- and intragenus structural variations in caliciviruses and their functional implications. | the family caliciviridae is divided into four genera and consists of single-stranded rna viruses with hosts ranging from humans to a wide variety of animals. human caliciviruses are the major cause of outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, whereas animal caliciviruses cause various host-dependent illnesses with a documented potential for zoonoses. to investigate inter- and intragenus structural variations and to provide a better understanding of the structural basis of host specificity ... | 2004 | 15163740 |
| calicivirus 3c-like proteinase inhibits cellular translation by cleavage of poly(a)-binding protein. | caliciviruses are single-stranded rna viruses that cause a wide range of diseases in both humans and animals, but little is known about the regulation of cellular translation during infection. we used two distinct calicivirus strains, md145-12 (genus norovirus) and feline calicivirus (fcv) (genus vesivirus), to investigate potential strategies used by the caliciviruses to inhibit cellular translation. recombinant 3c-like proteinases (r3cl(pro)) from norovirus and fcv were found to cleave poly(a) ... | 2004 | 15254188 |
| isolation and characterization of a new vesivirus from rabbits. | this report describes the isolation, cdna cloning, complete genome nucleotide sequence, and partial characterization of a new cultivable calicivirus isolated from juvenile feeder european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) showing symptoms of diarrhea. absence of neutralization by type-specific neutralizing antibodies for 40 caliciviruses and phylogenetic sequence comparisons of the open reading frame 1-encoded polyprotein with those of other caliciviruses demonstrate that this new calicivirus is a ... | 2005 | 15901487 |
| prevalence of vesivirus in a laboratory-based set of serum samples obtained from dairy and beef cattle. | to examine sera obtained from dairy and beef cattle to detect antibodies against vesivirus and compare seroprevalence among cattle within the sample population. | 2006 | 16426220 |
| recombination of feline calicivirus within an endemically infected cat colony. | to understand the evolution of the family caliciviridae, the persistence of feline calicivirus (fcv) was studied within an endemically infected cat colony. polymerase and capsid sequences were analysed for 34 fcv isolates obtained over a 4 year period. initially, the colony was infected with one strain of virus, but a second distinct strain was later identified. subsequently, the emergence of a recombinant virus was observed, containing elements of both of the strains circulating within the colo ... | 2006 | 16528041 |
| vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans. | pathogenic caliciviruses of the genus vesivirus circulate in oceanic ecosystems and spread to and among terrestrial mammals. isolation of vesivirus from natural and laboratory infections in humans led to this investigation of vesivirus seroprevalence and viremia. sera from four groups were tested for antibodies to vesivirus as follows: blood donors whose units were cleared for donation, blood donors whose units were not accepted for donation solely because of elevated blood liver alanine aminotr ... | 2006 | 16555277 |
| genomic characterization of the unclassified bovine enteric virus newbury agent-1 (newbury1) endorses a new genus in the family caliciviridae. | the pathogenic bovine enteric virus, newbury agent-1 (bo//newbury1/1976/uk), first identified in 1976, was characterized as a possible calicivirus by morphology, buoyant density in cscl and the presence of a single capsid protein but genomic sequence could not be obtained. in the present study, the complete genome sequence of newbury1 was determined and classified newbury1 in a new genus of the caliciviridae. the newbury1 genome, of 7454 nucleotides, had two predicted open reading frames (orfs). ... | 2006 | 16574184 |
| x-ray structure of a native calicivirus: structural insights into antigenic diversity and host specificity. | caliciviruses, grouped into four genera, are important human and veterinary pathogens with a potential for zoonosis. in these viruses, capsid-related functions such as assembly, antigenicity, and receptor interactions are predominantly encoded in a single protein that forms an icosahedral capsid. understanding of the immunologic functions and pathogenesis of human caliciviruses in the norovirus and sapovirus genera is hampered by the lack of a cell culture system or animal models. much of our un ... | 2006 | 16702551 |
| serologic evidence of vesivirus-specific antibodies associated with abortion in horses. | to test horses for serologic evidence of an association between vesiviral antibodies and abortion. | 2006 | 16740098 |
| development of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of marine caliciviruses (genus vesivirus). | marine caliciviruses form a distinct lineage within the genus vesivirus (family caliciviridae). this group includes vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesv) and san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) and other related viruses which have been proposed to be marine in origin isolated from a variety of terrestrial and marine animals. rapid and reliable detection of marine caliciviruses is important as these viruses appear to be widespread and can cause vesicular disease in a wide variety of susceptible ... | 2007 | 17187870 |
| human sapoviruses: genetic diversity, recombination, and classification. | the family caliciviridae contains four genera sapovirus, norovirus, lagovirus and vesivirus, which include sapporo virus (sav), norwalk virus (nov), rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), respectively. sav is a causative agent of gastroenteritis in children and adults. sav can be divided into five genogroups (gi-gv), among which gi, gii, giv and gv are known to infect humans, whereas sav giii infects porcine species. detection methods include elisa, rt-pcr and real ... | 2007 | 17340567 |
| virus-specific antiviral treatment for controlling severe and fatal outbreaks of feline calicivirus infection. | to test the life-sparing and therapeutic effect of a parenterally administered virus-specific antiviral phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (pmo) for treating kittens during outbreaks of severe viral disease. | 2008 | 18167083 |
| bioinformatic and functional analysis of rna secondary structure elements among different genera of human and animal caliciviruses. | the mechanism and role of rna structure elements in the replication and translation of caliciviridae remains poorly understood. several algorithmically independent methods were used to predict secondary structures within the norovirus, sapovirus, vesivirus and lagovirus genera. all showed profound suppression of synonymous site variability (sssv) at genomic 5' ends and the start of the sub-genomic (sg) transcript, consistent with evolutionary constraints from underlying rna structure. a newly de ... | 2008 | 18319285 |
| structural insights into calicivirus attachment and uncoating. | the caliciviridae family comprises positive-sense rna viruses of medical and veterinary significance. in humans, caliciviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis, while in animals respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, stomatitis, and hemorrhagic disease are documented. investigation of virus-host interactions is limited by a lack of culture systems for many viruses in this family. feline calicivirus (fcv), a member of the vesivirus genus, provides a tractable model, since it may be propag ... | 2008 | 18550656 |
| structural and functional analysis of virus factories purified from rabbit vesivirus-infected vero cells. | rabbit vesivirus infection induces membrane modifications and accumulation of vesicular structures in the cytoplasm of infected vero cells. crude rav replication complexes (rcs) have been purified and their structural and functional properties have been characterized. we show that calnexin, an er-resident protein, rav non-structural proteins 2ab-, 2c-, 3a-, 3b- and 3cd-like as well as viral rnas co-localize within membranous structures which are able to replicate the endogenous rna templates. th ... | 2008 | 18625274 |
| genomic characterization of novel marine vesiviruses from steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) from alaska. | marine vesiviruses were isolated in cell culture from oral and rectal swabs and vesicular fluid from alaskan steller sea lions (ssl; eumetopias jubatus). further characterization by rt-pcr, complete genomic sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses indicated that these viruses are most closely related to the marine vesiviruses, but are distinct viruses and represent two novel genotypes. the complete genome of these two ssl isolates was sequenced after cloning their viral cdna. the genomes were found ... | 2008 | 18765261 |
| a new generic real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for vesiviruses; vesiviruses were not detected in human samples. | different viruses belonging to the genus vesivirus infect a broad range of animals, and cause gastroenteritis, vesicular skin lesions, hemorrhagic disease, respiratory diseases and other conditions. a recent report on vesivirus viremia, as detected by pcr, in samples from patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology in the usa suggested a zoonotic potential for vesiviruses. these results have not been confirmed by another laboratory. in order to do so, a generic pcr assay on the rna polymerase re ... | 2009 | 19135480 |
| a capsid gene-based real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of marine vesiviruses in the caliciviridae. | a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtrt-pcr) assay was developed for the identification of marine vesiviruses. the primers were designed to target a 176-nucleotide fragment within a highly conserved region of the san miguel sea lion viruses (smsvs) capsid gene. the assay detected viral rna from nine marine vesivirus serotypes described previously, including two serotypes (smsv-8 and -12) not identified with presently available molecular assays, a highly related bovine v ... | 2009 | 19410604 |
| role of annexin a2 in cellular entry of rabbit vesivirus. | the mechanisms of calicivirus attachment and internalization are not well understood, mainly due to the lack of a reliable cell-culture system for most of its members. in this study, rabbit vesivirus (rav) virions were shown to bind annexin a2 (anxa2) in a membrane protein fraction from hek293t cells, using a virus overlay protein-binding assay and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis. a monoclonal anti-anxa2 antibody and small interfering rna-mediated knockdown of ... | 2009 | 19605586 |
| force majeure: therapeutic measures in response to restricted supply of imiglucerase (cerezyme) for patients with gaucher disease. | gaucher disease is the first lysosomal disorder for which clinically effective enzyme replacement therapy has been introduced. lifelong treatment with imiglucerase, the recombinant glucocerebrosidase manufactured by the genzyme corporation (ma, usa), is administered intravenously - usually at biweekly intervals. an acute shortage of imiglucerase (to 20% of prior global supply) has occurred as a result of viral contamination of the production facility; production was halted, and a full supply of ... | 2010 | 19804996 |
| expression and self-assembly of virus-like particles from two genotypes of marine vesiviruses and development of an elisa for the detection of antibodies. | sequences encoding the major and minor capsid proteins (vp1 and vp2) from two marine vesivirus isolates (steller sea lion viruses v810 and v1415) were engineered for expression of virus-like particles (vlps) in the baculovirus system. the resulting vlps were morphologically similar to native vesivirus virions. purified vlps were probed in immunoblots with pooled antisera specific for nine san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) types, and a predominant protein of approximately 60kda was detected. an en ... | 2010 | 19913368 |
| characterization of san miguel sea lion virus populations using pyrosequencing-based methods. | san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) is a small rna virus in the genus vesivirus with an unusually broad host range. three populations of smsv were examined by pcr amplification of the capsid precursor and putative helicase genes, followed by pyrosequencing. the populations were nasal swabs from two smsv infected california sea lions (zalophus californianus) from two different years, and a virus isolate from the earlier swab that was passaged in cell culture five times. in the capsid precursor, exte ... | 2010 | 19931646 |