| high resolution genome typing and genomic reassortment events of rice dwarf phytoreovirus. | genomic reassortment of rice dwarf phytoreovirus (rdv) was experimentally demonstrated for the first time in plant reoviruses. combinations of two genomic variants, most of the genomic segments of which could be distinguished by a high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were used to produce genomic reassortants. after artificial mixed injection of two of three isolates (rdv-s, rdv-ai, and rdv-an) into the insect vector nephotettix cincticeps, rice seedlings were sequentially inoculat ... | 1995 | 7571443 |
| nonpathogenic nilaparvata lugens reovirus is transmitted to the brown planthopper through rice plant. | nilaparvata lugens reovirus (nlrv) was found in a colony of the brown planthopper, n. lugens, an important plant virus vector. unlike with usual phytopathogenic reoviruses, there are no visible symptoms on a rice plant which has been attacked by nlrv-infected planthoppers. manner of transmission, host range, and multiplication of nlrv in rice plant were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or polymerase chain reaction using reverse transcriptase. nlrv was transovumly transmitted to about ... | 1995 | 7871743 |
| immunodetection of rice dwarf phytoreoviral proteins in both insect and plant hosts. | peptides encoded by truncated (s1 and s2) or full-length (s3 to s11) cdnas of 11 of the 12 rice dwarf phytoreovirus (rdv) genome segments were expressed in a baculovirus vector system. antibodies raised against each of the expressed peptides were used as probes to detect the authentic proteins encoded by the rdv open reading frame. polypeptides identified as gene products of s1 to s11 in both rdv-infected rice leaf and leafhopper (nephotettix cincticeps) homogenates were the p1 minor core (170 k ... | 1994 | 8009852 |
| development and use of an established cell line of the leafhopper circulifer tenellus to characterize spiroplasma citri-vector interactions. | a continuous cell line of embryonic origin from the leafhopper circulifer tenellus, ct 1, was established using a protocol modified from thrips cell culture. the line was used to develop an in vitro model to examine the mode of entry of the plant pathogenic mollicute spiroplasma citri into insect host cells. confluent monolayers were achieved in 5-6 months using a simple medium developed for maintaining established leafhopper cell lines. the newly established ct 1 line, and that of another leafh ... | 1998 | 9709012 |
| ribozyme-mediated resistance to rice dwarf virus and the transgene silencing in the progeny of transgenic rice plants. | a hammerhead ribozyme (rz) with long hybridizing arms targeting the mrna of rice dwarf virus (rdv) segment 5 and a mutated nonfunctional ribozyme (mrz) were constructed. as predicted, rz transcribed in vitro cleaved the target mrna of rdv segment 5 into two fragments of 138 and 238 nucleotides in length. the rz and mrz genes were each placed under the control of the camv 35s promoter and used to transform japonica rice variety 'tongling no. 1' via agrobacterium tumefaciens. a total of 32 indepen ... | 2000 | 11032368 |
| cloning and detection of chromosomal and extrachromosomal dna from mycoplasmalike organisms that cause yellow dwarf disease of rice. | dna was extracted from rice plants infected with mycoplasmalike organisms (mlos) causing yellow dwarf disease. dna of the causal agent was separated from the host dna by repeated bisbenzimide-cscl equilibrium density gradient centrifugations. mlo dna cut by hindiii was ligated into plasmid bluescript ii and cloned in escherichia coli nm522. the dna inserts were labeled with peroxidase and employed as probes in hybridization. southern analysis revealed that the insert in pryd-12 consisted of one, ... | 1991 | 16348605 |
| molecular mapping of a novel gene, grh5, conferring resistance to green rice leafhopper (nephotettix cincticeps uhler) in rice, oryza sativa l. | the green rice leafhopper (grh), nephotettix cincticeps uhler, is one of the most serious insect pests affecting cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) in temperate regions of east asia. an accession of the wild rice species, oryza rufipogon griff. (w1962), was found to be highly resistant to grh by an antibiosis test. to understand the genetic basis of the grh resistance, a bc1f1 population derived from a cross between a susceptible japonica variety, taichung 65 (t65), and a highly resistant accessi ... | 2006 | 16835766 |
| synthesis and bioassay evaluation of 1-(4-substitutedideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)ureas. | a variety of novel 1-(4-substitutedideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)ureas were designed and synthesized by the reaction of 4-substitutedideneaminooxymethyl aniline with 2,6-difluorobenzoyl isocyanates in good yields. the title compounds were soluble in most organic solvents, which should make them easier to use. the preliminary bioassay showed that some of the title compounds show excellent insecticidal activity against mythimna separata at the dosage of 25 mg kg(-1) and modera ... | 2007 | 17407816 |
| synthesis, insecticidal, and acaricidal activities of novel 2-aryl-pyrrole derivatives containing ester groups. | a series of novel 2-aryl-pyrrole derivatives containing ester groups were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by (1)h nmr spectroscopy and elemental analysis. the insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm, mosquito, diamondback moth, green rice leafhopper, and bean aphids and acaricidal activities against spider mite of these new compounds were evaluated. the results of bioassays indicated that some of these title compounds exhibited excellent insecticidal and acaricidal ... | 2008 | 18937487 |
| retention of rice dwarf virus by descendants of pairs of viruliferous vector insects after rearing for 6 years. | abstract rice dwarf virus (rdv) is characterized by its unusual ability to multiply in both plants and leafhopper vector insects and by its transovarial mode of transmission. colonies of nephotettix cincticeps, derived originally from pairs of leafhoppers infected with an ordinary strain of rdv, were maintained for 6 years in the laboratory and were found, at the end of this time, still to harbor rdv. moreover, the isolate of rdv, designated rdv-i, obtained from these colonies retained the abili ... | 2007 | 18943602 |
| ecdysteroid ligand-receptor selectivity--exploring trends to design orthogonal gene switches. | a set of thirty-two natural and ten semisynthetic ecdysteroids was assayed in murine 3t3 cells across ten different ecdysteroid receptor (ecr) ligand-binding domains derived from nine arthropod species in an engineered gene switch format. among the ecdysteroids tested, the most biologically widespread ecdysteroid, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), was moderately and consistently potent across the tested ecrs. the most potent ligand-receptor combination (ec(50) = 0.3 nm) was ponasterone a (poa) actuating ... | 2008 | 19021756 |
| sequential infection of rice dwarf virus in the internal organs of its insect vector after ingestion of virus. | confocal microscopy revealed that rice dwarf virus (rdv) initially accumulated in epithelial cells of the filter chamber of leafhopper vector nephotettix cincticeps 2 days after acquisition access feeding on diseased plants. subsequently, rdv accumulation progressed to the anterior midgut, and then spread to the nervous system before infection of other organs. furthermore, rdv accumulation progressed to the visceral muscles surrounding the anterior midgut. later, rdv accumulation was detected in ... | 2011 | 21570430 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of an acetylcholinesterase cdna in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | a full cdna encoding an acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) was cloned and characterized from the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål (hemiptera: delphacidae). the complete cdna (2467 bp) contains a 1938-bp open reading frame encoding 646 amino acid residues. the amino acid sequence of the ache deduced from the cdna consists of 30 residues for a putative signal peptide and 616 residues for the mature protein with a predicted molecular weight of 69,418. the three residues (ser242, glu3 ... | 0 | 20874389 |
| intrasperm vertical symbiont transmission. | symbiotic bacteria are commonly associated with cells and tissues of diverse animals and other organisms, which affect hosts' biology in a variety of ways. most of these symbionts are present in the cytoplasm of host cells and maternally transmitted through host generations. the paucity of paternal symbiont transmission is likely relevant to the extremely streamlined sperm structure: the head consisting of condensed nucleus and the tail made of microtubule bundles, without the symbiont-harboring ... | 2014 | 24799707 |
| impacts of bt rice expressing cry1c or cry2a protein on the performance of nontarget leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps (hemiptera: cicadellidae), under laboratory and field conditions. | transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) protein can effectively control target insects including stem borers and leaf folders. however, the potential effects of bt rice on nontarget organisms including nontarget herbivores have not been fully evaluated. in the current study, ecological fitness parameters of the nontarget herbivore, nephotettix cincticeps (uhler) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), fed on t1c-19 (cry1c) or t2a-1 (cry2a) rice were compared with non-bt rice (mh63) un ... | 2014 | 24472210 |
| infection rate assay by nested pcr and the phylogenetic analysis of himetobi p virus in the main pests of rice-wheat cropping systems. | himetobi p virus (hipv) is an ssrna in the family dicistroviridae that infects rice pests belonging to hemiptera. to determine its host range, a nested pcr method was designed to detect hipv in some of the main rice pests (hemiptera) in eastern china. the incidence of infection in the grain aphid sitobion avenae fabricius (hemiptera: aphididae) was low (3%), while high incidences of infection occurred in the planthoppers laodelphax striatellus (fallén) (hemiptera: delphacidae) (100%) and nilapar ... | 2015 | 26470259 |
| tubules of plant reoviruses exploit tropomodulin to regulate actin-based tubule motility in insect vector. | plant reoviruses are known to exploit virion-packaging tubules formed by virus-encoding non-structural proteins for viral spread in insect vectors. tubules are propelled by actin-based tubule motility (abtm) to overcome membrane or tissue barriers in insect vectors. to further understand which insect factors mediate abtm, we utilized yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays to test interactions between tubule protein pns10 of rice dwarf virus (rdv), a plant reovirus, ... | 2017 | 28067229 |
| biology and potentiality in biological control of micraspis discolor (fabricius) (coleoptera: coccinellidae). | hosts influence on growth duration and abundance of coccinellid predators. micraspis discolor (fabricius) (coleoptera: coccinellidae) has been well known as both carnivorous and pollinivorous. work was carried out as a series of laboratory-based influence of host species aphis gossypii (clover) (hemiptera: aphididae) and green rice leafhopper, nephotettix sp. (hemiptera: cicadellidae) on m. discolors development and effect of rice growth stage on m. discolor adult preference. for field study, po ... | 2012 | 23885421 |
| nonstructural protein pns4 of rice dwarf virus is essential for viral infection in its insect vector. | rice dwarf virus (rdv), a plant reovirus, is mainly transmitted by the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps, in a persistent-propagative manner. plant reoviruses are thought to replicate and assemble within cytoplasmic structures called viroplasms. nonstructural protein pns4 of rdv, a phosphoprotein, is localized around the viroplasm matrix and forms minitubules in insect vector cells. however, the functional role of pns4 minitubules during viral infection in insect vector is still unkn ... | 2015 | 26646953 |
| interaction between non-structural protein pns10 of rice dwarf virus and cytoplasmic actin of leafhoppers is correlated with insect vector specificity. | many insect-transmissible pathogens are transmitted by specific insect species and not by others, even if the insect species are closely related. the molecular mechanisms underlying such strict pathogen-insect specificity are poorly understood. rice dwarf virus (rdv), a plant reovirus, is transmitted mainly by the leafhopper species nephotettix cincticeps but is transmitted ineffectively by the leafhopper recilia dorsalis. here, we demonstrated that virus-containing tubules composed of viral non ... | 2015 | 25502650 |
| combined influence of bt rice and rice dwarf virus on biological parameters of a non-target herbivore, nephotettix cincticeps (uhler) (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | the advent of genetically modified (gm) bt rice creates the possibility of interactions among bt crops, crop pathogens and non-target herbivores. in particular, information on how pathogen-infected bt-expressing plants will influence non-target herbivores is necessary to predict the sustainability of gm cropping systems. laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the potential combined impacts of rice dwarf virus (rdv) and two bt rice lines, t1c-19 (cry1c) and t2a-1 (cry2a), on non-target g ... | 2017 | 28753622 |
| enhanced resistance to four species of clypeorrhynchan pests in neotyphodium uncinatum infected italian ryegrass. | particular alkaloids produced by neotyphodium endophytes show toxicity to invertebrates. italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lamarck) cultivars and strains that are symbiotic with neotyphodium endophytes have been recently established in japan. n. uncinatum-infected italian ryegrass lines accumulate n-formylloline, a type of loline alkaloid (1-aminopyrrolizidine) showing neurotoxicity to herbivorous insects. this study investigated the toxicity of n-formylloline and resistance of n. uncinatum-i ... | 2012 | 22420264 |
| genetic basis of multiple resistance to the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål) and the green rice leafhopper (nephotettix cincticeps uhler) in the rice cultivar 'asd7' (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica). | the rice cultivar asd7 (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) is resistant to the brown planthopper (bph; nilaparvata lugens stål) and the green leafhopper (nephotettix virescens distant). here, we analyzed multiple genetic resistance to bph and the green rice leafhopper (grh; nephotettix cincticeps uhler). using two independent f2 populations derived from a cross between asd7 and taichung 65 (oryza sativa ssp. japonica), we detected two qtls (qbph6 and qbph12) for resistance to bph and one qtl (qgrh5) f ... | 2015 | 26719745 |
| influence of pymetrozine on feeding behaviors of three rice planthoppers and a rice leafhopper using electrical penetration graphs. | pymetrozine reportedly inhibits feeding of plant sap-sucking insects, such as aphids and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens (stål)). by using electrical penetration graph (epg), this study was conducted to investigate any differential effect of pymetrozine on the feeding behaviors of four major rice sap-sucking insect species, 1) n. lugens, 2) white-backed planthopper (sogatella furcifera (horváth)), 3) small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus (fallen)), and 4) green rice leafhopper (n ... | 2011 | 22299348 |
| absence of protein polymorphism attributable to insecticide-insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase in the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps. | the cdna sequence of acetylcholinesterase (ache) from the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps, was amplified, based on conserved peptide sequences of aches. a 2.3 kb contiguous sequence, containing an orf encoding an ache precursor with 677 amino acid residues was obtained. the deduced protein sequence showed the most similarity to that of ache in the colorado potato beetle, having common features in the primary ache structure. cdna sequences of individual leafhoppers from an insectici ... | 2000 | 10727899 |
| biochemical mechanisms of resistance to insecticides. | the principal biochemical mechanisms of resistance to insecticides involve either modified, less sensitive cholinesterase, esterase action, glutathione s-transferase action or cytochrome p-450-dependent monooxygenation. both quantitative and qualitative differences in cytochrome p-450 isozymes are under genetic control and both are related to resistance. recent characterization studies involving ligand binding and multiplicity of isozymes in musca domestica (the housefly) are discussed in relati ... | 1984 | 6559114 |
| rna interference-mediated knockdown and virus-induced suppression of troponin c gene adversely affect the behavior or fitness of the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps. | the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps, is a major rice pest in southeast asia and southern china. novel control strategies must be explored to control the rice pest. behavior or fitness regulation of insect by modulating the troponin c (tnc) may be a novel strategy in the comprehensive management of the insect pest. however, characterizations and functions of tnc, especially regarding effect of its rna interference-mediated gene knockdown on the behavior or fitness of n. cincticeps r ... | 2018 | 29193300 |
| characterization of actin and tubulin promoters from two sap-sucking pests, nilaparvata lugens (stål) and nephotettix cincticeps (uhler). | the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (n. lugens, hemiptera: delphacidae), and the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps (n. cincticeps, hemiptera: cicadellidae), two sap-sucking feeders, have caused many destructive agricultural disasters in east asia, as they can bring diseases like 'hopper burn' and transmit plant viruses. recently, continuously-cultured cell lines from both insects have been reported. however, exogenous protein expression systems have not yet been established. he ... | 2016 | 26826390 |
| gene silencing by parental rna interference in the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | rna interference (rnai) has been widely used for investigating gene function in many nonmodel insect species. parental rnai causes gene knockdown in the next generation through the administration of double-strand rna (dsrna) to the mother generation. in this study, we demonstrate that parental rnai mediated gene silencing is effective in determining the gene function of the cuticle and the salivary glands in green rice leafhopper (grh), nephotettix cincticeps (uhler). injection of dsrna of nclac ... | 2016 | 26728387 |
| proteome analysis of watery saliva secreted by green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps. | the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps, is a vascular bundle feeder that discharges watery and gelling saliva during the feeding process. to understand the potential functions of saliva for successful and safe feeding on host plants, we analyzed the complexity of proteinaceous components in the watery saliva of n. cincticeps. salivary proteins were collected from a sucrose diet that adult leafhoppers had fed on through a membrane of stretched parafilm. protein concentrates were separa ... | 2015 | 25909947 |
| transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of nephotettix cincticeps (uhler). | the green rice leafhopper (grh), nephotettix cincticeps, is one of the most important pests of rice in temperate asian countries. grh, a vascular feeder, secretes watery and gelling saliva in the process of feeding on phloem and xylem sap. it is known that grh saliva contains several bioactive proteins, including enzymes such as laccase and beta-glucosidase. in this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of salivary glands of grh using illumina paired-end sequencing. of 51,788 assembled cont ... | 2014 | 25450428 |
| review of the grassland leafhopper genus nephotettix matsumura (hemiptera: cicadellidae: deltocephalinae: chiasmini) from the chinese mainland. | the chinese mainland species of the leafhopper genus nephotettix matsumura (hemiptera: cicadellidae: deltocephalinae: chiasmini) (nephotettix cincticeps (uhler), nephotettix malayanus ishihara & kawase, nephotettix nigropictus (stål), nephotettix parvus ishihara & kawase rec. n., and nephotettix virescens (distant)) are reviewed. this genus is redescribed. variation is described and illustrated. keys for their separation are provided together with a worldwide checklist. | 2014 | 24869817 |
| physiological basis of phototaxis to near-infrared light in nephotettix cincticeps. | in a previous study of the phototaxis of green rice leafhoppers, nephotettix cincticeps (hemiptera, cicadellidae), we found positive responses to 735 nm light. here, we investigated the mechanism underlying this sensitivity to near-infrared light. we first measured the action spectrum using a y-maze with monochromatic lights from 480 to 740 nm. we thus found that the action spectrum peaks at 520 nm in the tested wavelength range, but that a significant effect is still observed at 740 nm, albeit ... | 2014 | 24615327 |
| molecular cloning of a novel calcium-binding protein in the secreted saliva of the green rice leafhopper nephotettix cincticeps. | green rice leafhoppers (nephotettix cincticeps) secrete watery and coagulable saliva in the feeding process. in our study, the watery salivary secretion was concentrated by ultrafiltration from "fed diet" and subjected to sds-page. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the most predominant band at 84 kda (designated ncsp84) was analyzed by edman degradation. this sequence was completely consistent with the most abundant protein in the salivary gland extracts, which was separated by two-dimension ... | 2012 | 22019571 |
| molecular characterization and expression of laccase genes in the salivary glands of the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps has a laccase (ec 1.10.3.2) in its salivary glands and saliva, possibly playing an important role in detoxifying plant phenolics and in salivary sheath coagulation during feeding. we aimed to clarify the function of saliva-specific laccase in a vascular-feeding insect, n. cincticeps, for which we cloned 2 cdnas (nclac1s and nclac1g) from the salivary glands and 1 cdna (nclac2) from the epidermis. the nclac1s, nclac1g, and nclac2 transcripts encod ... | 2010 | 20219677 |
| laccase-type phenoloxidase in salivary glands and watery saliva of the green rice leafhopper, nephotettix cincticeps. | the activity and composition of leafhopper saliva are important in interactions with the host rice plant, and it may play a physiological role in detoxifying toxic plant substances or ingesting sap. we have characterized diphenoloxidase in the salivary glands of nephotettix cincticeps, its activity as a laccase, and its presence in the watery saliva with the objective of understanding its function in feeding on rice plants. nonreducing sds-page of salivary gland homogenates with staining by the ... | 2005 | 16216260 |
| synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel dihydropyrrole derivatives with n-sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and sulfonyl moieties. | this paper reports the synthesis and insecticidal activity of a new type of dihydropyrrole derivatives with sulfur moieties such as sulfanyl, sulfinyl, and sulfonyl groups at the 1-position. these derivatives exhibited high insecticidal potency against nilaparvata lugens and nephotettix cincticeps. investigation of the structure-activity relationships revealed that the alkoxycarbonyloxy groups at the 4-position tended to increase the systemic insecticidal activity. | 2003 | 12538013 |
| the p2 protein of rice dwarf phytoreovirus is required for adsorption of the virus to cells of the insect vector. | intact particles of rice dwarf phytoreovirus adsorbed to and entered monolayer-cultured cells of the insect vector nephotettix cincticeps and multiplied within the cells. particles that lacked the p2 protein neither attached to nor infected such cells. furthermore, p2-free particles obtained from a transmission-competent isolate of the virus were unable to infect insect vectors that had been allowed to feed on these virus particles through a membrane. however, when such virus particles were inje ... | 1998 | 9765491 |
| the loss of outer capsid protein p2 results in nontransmissibility by the insect vector of rice dwarf phytoreovirus. | a transmission-defective (td) isolate of rice dwarf phytoreovirus lacked the ability to infect cells when derived from the virus-free insect vector nephotettix cincticeps. analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified virus showed that among six structural proteins, the p2 outer capsid protein (encoded by genome segment s2) was absent from the td isolate, whereas all six proteins were present in the transmission-competent (tc) isolate. p2 was not detected ... | 1997 | 9311898 |
| effect of protectants in l-drying on the conformation and infectivity of rice dwarf phytoreovirus. | purified rice dwarf phytoreovirus preparations, after rehydration following drying without freezing (l-drying) and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, sedimented to the same position as untreated controls. upon storage at 65 degrees c, virion conformation in l-dried preparations supplemented with 1% sucrose was maintained better than without additives. moreover, during storage for 6 years at -70 degrees c, infectivity of l-dried preparations from crude extracts of infected rice plants conta ... | 1996 | 8856035 |
| insensitivity of cholinesterase in nephotettix cincticeps resistant to carbamate and organophosphorus insecticides. | | 1972 | 5028266 |
| electron microscopy and recovery of rice transitory yellowing virus from its leafhopper vector, nephotettix cincticeps. | | 1972 | 5058837 |