| isolation and characterization of vibrio carchariae, a causative agent of gastroenteritis in the groupers, epinephelus coioides. | an outbreak of serious mortality among the cultured groupers epinephelus coioides, characterized by a swollen intestine containing yellow fluid, occurred in the summer of 1993 in taiwan. a motile strain emi82kl was isolated from the intestinal yellow fluid of the moribund groupers with tryptic soy agar supplemented with 2% nacl and/or thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar. this strain was characterized and identified as vibrio carchariae and was susceptible to chloramphenicol, doxycycline-h ... | 1997 | 9216885 |
| thyroid hormones promote early metamorphosis in grouper (epinephelus coioides) larvae. | the response of grouper larvae to the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3), was examined. two-, 3-, and 4-week-old grouper larvae were reared in seawater containing either t4 or t3 at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm. t4 or t3 induced metamorphosis in all age groups in a dose-dependent manner. regardless of the size of the larvae, metamorphosis was completed in 2 days in larvae treated with 1 ppm of either t4 or t3; 3-4 days in larvae exposed to 0.1 ppm; and 5-6 days in larvae immersed ... | 1998 | 9748398 |
| protease and virulence of the extracellular products produced by vibrio carchariae after growth on various media. | protease and virulence of the extracellular products (ecp) of vibrio carchariae strain emi82kl, a causative agent of gastroenteritis in epinephelus coioides, cultured on different media were studied. the bacteria grown on peptone agar, nutrient agar or brain heart infusion agar produced higher protease activities than that grown on tryptic soy agar (tsa) in terms of protein content. the addition of ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) or horse serum in tsa enhanced the ecp protease pro ... | 1999 | 10431390 |
| molecular cloning, expression of orange-spotted grouper goose-type lysozyme cdna, and lytic activity of its recombinant protein. | lysozyme acts as a non-specific innate-immunity molecule against the invasion of bacteria pathogens. a leukocyte cdna library of orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides was constructed and the goose-type (g-type) lysozyme cdna was isolated. the complete cdna consists of an open reading frame of 585 bp encoding a protein of 194 amino acids. this protein shows a 72.2% amino acid sequence identity with the flounder g-type lysozyme. similar to most other species, the glu catalytic residue in g-t ... | 2003 | 12911059 |
| pathogenesis of gastroenteritis caused by vibrio carchariae in cultured marine fish. | serious mortality among the cultured grouper epinephelus coioides, characterized by a swollen intestine containing yellow fluid (gastroenteritis), occurred in 1993 in taiwan. a bacterium isolated from the intestinal fluid and head kidney of moribund groupers was identified as vibrio carchariae. since then, the same vibrio species has also been isolated from moribund black sea bream acanthopagrus schlegeli, yellowfin sea bream a. latus, japanese sea bass lateolabrax japonicus, and red drum sciaen ... | 2002 | 14961260 |
| differential expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit in gonads during sex reversal of orange-spotted and red-spotted groupers. | we have cloned and characterized the full-length cdna encoding thyroid-stimulating hormone beta-subunit (tshbeta) from orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides. it contains 913 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding 146 amino acids with a 20 amino acid signal peptide. the grouper mature tshbeta has 75, 70, 61, 59, 41, 42 and 40% identities to that of rainbow trout, atlantic salmon, zebrafish, european eel, chicken, mouse and human, respectively. rt-pcr analysis indicated that the tsh ... | 2004 | 15196702 |
| two new blood flukes (digenea: sanguinicolidae) from epinephelinae (perciformes: serranidae) of the pacific ocean. | pearsonellum pygmaeus n. sp. is described from cromileptes altivelis (serranidae), the barramundi cod, from heron island (southern great barrier reef) and lizard island (northern great barrier reef). this new species differs from pearsonellum corventum (type and only species) in the combination of smaller overall body size, the relative distance of the brain from the anterior end, the relative lengths of both the oesophagus and the testis, the degree to which the testis extends outside the inter ... | 2004 | 15464442 |
| molecular cloning and mrna profile of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (igf-ir) belongs to the tyrosine kinase (tk) receptor family. besides being mitogenic, igf-ir plays a crucial role in cell survival, transformation and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. in this study, we cloned the cdna from the hypothalamus of the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) using reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) and the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the deduced amino acid sequence showed that the recepto ... | 2005 | 15880261 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of an iridovirus isolated from the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | orange-spotted grouper iridovirus (osgiv) was the causative agent of serious systemic diseases with high mortality in the cultured orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. here we report the complete genome sequence of osgiv. the osgiv genome consists of 112,636 bp with a g+c content of 54%. 121 putative open reading frames (orf) were identified with coding capacities for polypeptides varying from 40 to 1168 amino acids. the majority of osgiv shared homologies to other iridovirus genes. phy ... | 2005 | 15964605 |
| polygenic expression of somatostatin in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides): molecular cloning and distribution of the mrnas encoding three somatostatin precursors. | in the present study, three preprosomatostatin (pss) cdnas were characterized from hypothalamus of orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides. the first cdna encodes a 123-amino acid protein (pssi) that contains the ss14 sequence at its c-terminal extremity and that is identical to that of pssi of human and other vertebrates. the second cdna encodes a 127-amino acid protein (pssii) that contains the ss28 sequence with [tyr7, gly10]-ss14 at its c-terminus. the third cdna encodes a 110-amino acid ... | 2005 | 16054749 |
| molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and ontogeny of mrna expression of growth hormone in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | a full-length cdna encoding for growth hormone (gh) was cloned from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) pituitary using reverse transcription and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the gh precursor cdna consists of 956 bp in size with a 85 bp 5'-untranslated region and 259 bp 3'-untranslated region. the 612 bp open reading frame encodes a 204 amino acid (aa) protein, which represents the precursor of grouper gh composed of a 17 aa signal peptide followed by a 187 aa mature gh pol ... | 2005 | 16055124 |
| study of an outbreak of ciguatera fish poisoning in hong kong. | ciguatera fish poisoning (cfp) has been a significant and increasing public health problem in hong kong since 1980s. with growing demand for imported live coral fishes, the number of people who suffered from this disease has also been increasing. an outbreak of cfp in 2004 was the second most prominent in record as compared with the most significant one that occurred in 1998. in 2004, out of a total of 823 reported food poisoning outbreaks involving 3159 persons, 65 incidents (7.9%) affecting 24 ... | 2005 | 16085209 |
| chlorinated hydrocarbons in marine biota and coastal sediments from the gulf and gulf of oman. | the spatial distribution of various organochlorinated compounds was investigated in the gulf and gulf of oman based on marine biota (fish and various bivalves) and coastal sediment collected in bahrain, oman, qatar and the united arab emirates (uae) during 2000-2001. several potential organic contaminants from agricultural (e.g., ddt and its breakdown products, lindane, endrin, dieldrin, endosulfan) and industrial (pcbs) sources were measured. sediment burdens for all compounds, even for an appa ... | 2005 | 16115501 |
| development and characterization of a new tropical marine fish cell line from grouper, epinephelus coioides susceptible to iridovirus and nodavirus. | the development and characterization of a new tropical marine fish cell line (gs), derived from the spleen of orange spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides is described. the gs cells grow well in leibovitz's l-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, and have been subcultured more than 200 times. the optimal growth temperature was 27 degrees c. the gs cell culture consisted of mostly fibroblastic cells. the modal diploid chromosome number was 48. gs cell cultures showed advanced cytop ... | 2006 | 16137774 |
| trace element concentrations in fish, surficial sediments and water from northern part of the persian gulf. | concentrations of cadmium, lead, nickel and vanadium were determined in water, surficial sediments and the muscle of three demersal fish species (epinephelus coioides, psettodes erumei and solea elongate) from 15 sampling sites in the northern part of persian gulf. concentrations of the elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. there were no significant differences among the sampling sites in cd and pb levels in the sediments. the highest concentrations of ni a ... | 2005 | 16240204 |
| changes in mrna expression of grouper (epinephelus coioides) growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor i in response to nutritional status. | growth hormone (gh) and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) are key links to nutritional condition and growth regulation in teleost. to understand the endocrine mechanism of growth regulation in grouper, we cloned the cdnas for grouper gh and igf-i and examined their mrna expression during different nutritional status. grouper gh cdna is 936 base pairs (bp) long excluding the poly-a tail. it contained untranslated regions of 85 and 231bp in the 5'- and 3'-ends, respectively. it has an open read ... | 2006 | 16243324 |
| description of pseudorhabdosynochus seabassi sp. n. (monogenea: diplectanidae) from lates calcarifer and revision of the phylogenetic position of diplectanum grouperi (monogenea: diplectanidae) based on rdna sequence data. | pseudorhabdosynochus seabassi sp. n. (monogenea: diplectanidae) from the gill filaments of lates calcarifer bloch, a marine teleost fish held in floating sea cages in guangdong province, china, is described based on morphological observations and molecular data. the shapes of the male copulatory organs (mco) of pseudorhabdosynochus spp. were the focus of this study. the typical proximal part of the mco in most species of pseudorhabdosynochus is reniform, heavily sclerotized, and divided into fou ... | 2005 | 16270804 |
| pseudorhabdosynochus summanoides n. sp. (monogenea: diplectanidae) from epinephelus coioides in dapeng bay, south china sea, with observations on several similar species of pseudorhabdosynochus yamaguti, 1958. | one new species of diplectanid monogenean, pseudorhabdosynochus summanoides n. sp., is reported and described from the marine fish epinephelus coioides off nan'ao shenzhen, china. p. summanoides differs from its closest relative, p. summanae (young, 1968), by the shape of its vaginal hard-parts, which have a tightly twisted distal region and an accessory patch on the proximal curve. during the course of this work, type-material of several species of pseudorhabdosynochus was examined and aspects ... | 2005 | 16315082 |
| the immunostimulatory effects of sodium alginate and iota-carrageenan on orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coicoides and its resistance against vibrio alginolyticus. | the lysozyme activity, alternative complement activity (ach50), respiratory burst, sod (superoxide dismutase) activity and phagocytic activity of orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coicoides were examined when the fish were injected intraperitoneally with sodium alginate at 10, 20, 30mgkg-1 and iota-carrageenan at 10, 20, 30mgkg-1, respectively after 24, 72 and 120 h. serum ach50 increased directly with dose after 24 and 72 h for both sodium alginate and iota-carrageenan treatments. the fish tha ... | 2007 | 16784873 |
| production of recombinant orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) luteinizing hormone in insect cells by the baculovirus expression system and its biological effect. | the cdna sequence encoding orange-spotted grouper lhb (lhbeta) and cga (gthalpha) subunits were cocloned into baculovirus transfer vectors and expressed in insect sf9 cells. the results showed that two bands of 15.6 kda and 11.4 kda could be detected by sds-page and a band of 30 kda could be detected by native page. the recombinant grouper lh (rglh) could stimulate the secretion of testosterone (t) and estradiol-17beta (e2) from the gonad in a static incubation system in a time-dependent, but no ... | 2007 | 17021348 |
| inhibition of nervous necrosis virus propagation by fish mx proteins. | mx proteins are interferon induced, antiviral proteins, expressed in response to treatment with double stranded rna or virus infection. here we report the cloning, sequencing, and antiviral property of three forms of mx genes, mxi, mxii, and mxiii from grouper (epinephelus coioides). multiple comparison of grouper mx amino acid sequences revealed the conservation of mx putative gtp-binding domain, dynamin family signature, and leucine zipper motif. we have established a new cell line, grouper br ... | 2006 | 17069756 |
| description of pseudorhabdosynochus shenzhenensis n. sp. (monogenea: diplectanidae) and redescription of p. serrani yamaguti, 1953 from epinephelus coioides off dapeng bay, shenzhen, china. | one new species of diplectanid, pseudorhabdosynochus shenzhenensis n. sp., is reported and described from the marine fish epinephelus coioides off nan'ao, shenzhen, china. it can be differentiated from previously described species of the same genus by features of the haptoral and vaginal hard-parts. a second species, p. serrani yamaguti, 1953, originally described from serranus sp. from the western pacific ocean off the celebes (now called sulawesi), is redescribed based on new material from e. ... | 2005 | 17089747 |
| protective immunity in grouper (epinephelus coioides) following exposure to or injection with cryptocaryon irritans. | the protective immunity of grouper (epinephelus coioides) against cryptocaryon irritans was determined after immunisation by surface exposure or intraperitoneal injection. specific antibody titres of immunised fish serum and skin culture supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immobilisation assays. specific antibody can be detected in some immunised fish at week 1 and in all immunised fish at week 2, and the peaks were between weeks 4-6. specific antibody was still ... | 2007 | 17123830 |
| molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of a marine fish infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus-like (isknv-like) virus. | infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus-like (isknv-like) virus causes a serious systemic disease with high morbidity and mortality of freshwater and marine fishes. based on the isknv putative major capsid protein (mcp), the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), the mrna capping enzyme (capping), and the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein (tnfr) genes, primers were designed and used in pcr to determine the host range of isknv-like viruses. from the sampling of >1600 marin ... | 2007 | 17131065 |
| development and characterization of two new cell lines from milkfish (chanos chanos) and grouper (epinephelus coioides) for virus isolation. | two new cell lines, simh and sige, were derived from the heart of milkfish (chanos chanos), a euryhaline teleost, and from the eye of grouper (epinephelus coioides), respectively. these cell lines were maintained in leibovitz's l-15 supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (fbs). the simh cell line was subcultured more than 50 times over a period of 210 days and sige cell line has been subcultured 100 times over a period of 1 1/2 years. the simh cell line consists predominantly of fibroblastic-l ... | 2007 | 17216384 |
| crustacean fish parasites from segara anakan lagoon, java, indonesia. | the present study is the first investigation on ectoparasites of commercial important fish from segara anakan, a brackish water lagoon located at the southern coast of java, indonesia. eight economically important marine fish species (mugil cephalus, siganus javus, scatophagus argus, caranx sexfasciatus, lutjanus johnii, eleutheronema tetradactylum, johnius coitor, and epinephelus coioides) were examined for crustacean parasites. prevalence and intensity data for each parasite species are given, ... | 2007 | 17219222 |
| comparative genomic analysis of the family iridoviridae: re-annotating and defining the core set of iridovirus genes. | members of the family iridoviridae can cause severe diseases resulting in significant economic and environmental losses. very little is known about how iridoviruses cause disease in their host. in the present study, we describe the re-analysis of the iridoviridae family of complex dna viruses using a variety of comparative genomic tools to yield a greater consensus among the annotated sequences of its members. | 2007 | 17239238 |
| molecular cloning and gene expression of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | the objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (gnrh-r) involved in the endocrine regulation of reproduction in the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length cdna encoding gnrh-r type i was successfully cloned from the pituitary by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna end (race) methods in the grouper. the complete gnrh-r type i cdna is 1607 bp, which includ ... | 2007 | 17329139 |
| gene expression and localization of the epinecidin-1 antimicrobial peptide in the grouper (epinephelus coioides), and its role in protecting fish against pathogenic infection. | epinecidin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide and plays a vital role in protecting fish against pathogenic infection. as a mimic of a grouper epinecidin-1 peptide, it has tertiary structures that closely resemble those of pleurocidin found in the winter flounder (pleuronectes americanus). the tissue-specific, lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulation-specific, and poly(i):poly(c)-stimulation-specific expressions of the grouper (epinephelus coioides) epinecidin-1 antimicrobial peptide were determined using ... | 2007 | 17570764 |
| interleukin-1beta gene in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides: molecular cloning, expression, biological activities and signal transduction. | il-1beta, a key mediator of inflammation, orchestrates a variety of immune responses by initiating gene expression. herein, we have cloned and sequenced the il-1beta in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), produced soluble mature recombinant il-1beta in escherichia coli, and characterized its biological properties and downstream signal transduction. the grouper il-1beta cdna was 1364bp in length, containing an open reading frame of 765bp. the predicted protein of 254 amino acids reveal ... | 2008 | 17920124 |
| comparative studies on the immunogenicity of theronts, tomonts and trophonts of cryptocaryon irritans in grouper. | cryptocaryon irritans is a ciliated obligate parasite of marine fish, causing white spot disease in tropical and sub-tropical regions. recent studies have shown that fish can mount immune responses against c. irritans and acquire protection. the present study compared the protective immunity in grouper (epinephelus coioides) against c. irritans induced by theronts, trophonts and tomonts via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and tentatively identified an immobilization antigen. specific antibody t ... | 2008 | 17926065 |
| some characteristics of host-parasite relationship for cryptocaryon irritans isolated from south china. | a survey on the host range for the parasitic ciliate cryptocaryon irritans was carried out among the major maricultured fish species in the huizhou region of guangdong province in south china, and some characteristics of its host-parasite relationship were described. the survey showed that all ten investigated species of fish (representing six different families) were infected with c. irritans with similar susceptibility. in chemoattraction assays, sera and mucus collected from investigated fish ... | 2008 | 18270738 |
| efficacies of inactivated vaccines against betanodavirus in grouper larvae (epinephelus coioides) by bath immunization. | betanodavirus is the pathogen of viral nervous necrosis (vnn) disease that has caused mass mortality among many species of marine fish at larval stage. in this study, the efficacy of inactivated betanodavirus was evaluated by bath-immunization and bath-challenge of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) at early larval stage. two kinds of chemicals were used for inactivation of the virus, and the relative percent survival (rps) values of 0.4mm binary ethylenimine (bei)-inactivated vaccine ... | 2008 | 18276044 |
| dietary sodium alginate administration affects fingerling growth and resistance to streptococcus sp. and iridovirus, and juvenile non-specific immune responses of the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | the percent weight gain (pwg) and feeding efficiency (fe) of fingerling orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, fed diets containing sodium alginate at 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1) were calculated on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks after feeding. survival rates of the fingerling grouper against streptococcus sp. and an iridovirus, and non-specific immune parameters such as alternative complement activity (ach50), lysozyme activity, natural haemagglutination activity, respiratory bursts, superoxid ... | 2008 | 18485740 |
| organization and promoter analysis of the grouper (epinephelus coioides) epinecidin-1 gene. | epinecidin-1, an antimicrobial peptide documented in some fish, is an essential component of the innate immune response in fish, but little is known about its gene regulation. to better understand the molecular mechanism controlling transcription of the epinecidin-1 gene, we cloned and sequenced the genes and promoter regions of three epinecidin-1 peptides from the grouper (epinephelus coioides). these genes have the potential to encode three putative epinecidin-1 peptides with either a short or ... | 2008 | 18514559 |
| prevalence of zoonotic metacercariae in two species of grouper, epinephelus coioides and epinephelus bleekeri, and flathead mullet, mugil cephalus, in vietnam. | fishborne zoonotic metacercariae have not been reported from brackish water and marine fish from vietnam waters although these parasites are common in the country's freshwater fish. both wild-caught and cultured grouper (epinephelus coioides and epinephelus bleekeri), and mullet (mugil cephalus) from brackish and marine waters located in khanh hoa province in central coastal vietnam were examined, and found positive for zoonotic trematode metacercariae. from grouper, heterophyopsis continua and ... | 2008 | 18552542 |
| an outer membrane protein, ompk, is an effective vaccine candidate for vibrio harveyi in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | the outer membrane proteins of the fish pathogen, vibrio harveyi, have a role in interaction between bacterium and host and are potential candidates for vaccine development. in this study, the gene encoding an outer membrane protein, ompk, which serves as the receptor for broad-host-range vibriophage kvp40 in v. harveyi, was isolated and characterized. then the ompk gene coding for mature peptide was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pbv220 and transformed into escherichia coli dh5 al ... | 2008 | 18854216 |
| molecular cloning and expression characterization of apoc-i in the orange-spotted grouper. | endogenous yolk nutrients are crucial for embryo and larval development in fish, but developmental behavior of the genes that control yolk utilization remains unknown. apolipoproteins have been shown to play important roles in lipid transport and uptake through the circulation system. in this study, ecapoc-i, the first cloned apoc-i in teleosts, has been screened from pituitary cdna library of female orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), and the deduced amino acid sequence shows 43.5% i ... | 2008 | 18958591 |
| effects of dietary riboflavin levels on antioxidant defense of the juvenile grouper epinephelus coioides. | this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary riboflavin on antioxidant defense in the juvenile grouper epinephelus coioides. graded levels of riboflavin (0.9, 1.6, 4.4, 6.7, 12.9 and 19.4 mg kg(-1) dry diet) were fed to grouper juveniles (mean weight: 14.90 +/- 0.46 g) for 12 weeks. higher levels of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) content were observed in grouper fed low doses (0.9 and 1.6 mg kg(-1) diet) of riboflavin. both liver glutathione reductase (gr) a ... | 2010 | 18979218 |
| epinecidin-1, an antimicrobial peptide from fish (epinephelus coioides) which has an antitumor effect like lytic peptides in human fibrosarcoma cells. | epinecidin-1, a synthetic 21-mer antimicrobial peptide originally identified from grouper (epinephelus coioides), specifically exhibited high antimicrobial activities against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. in the current study we report on the in vitro cytotoxicity of the peptide, an important factor before it can be considered for further applications in cancer therapy. the cytotoxicity of epinecidin-1 was investigated against several cancer cells (a549, ha59t/vgh, hela, hepg2, ... | 2009 | 19007829 |
| dietary administration of the probiotic, lactobacillus plantarum, enhanced the growth, innate immune responses, and disease resistance of the grouper epinephelus coioides. | the percent weight gain (pwg) and feed efficiency (fe) of epinephelus coioides were calculated, and the lactobacilli and total microbiota in the posterior intestines, and non-specific immune parameters of grouper, and its susceptibility to streptococcus sp. and an iridovirus were determined when the fish were fed diets containing lactobacillus plantarum at 0 (control), 10(6), 10(8), or 10(10) colony-forming units (cfu) kg(-1) for 4 weeks. results showed that grouper fed a diet containing l. plan ... | 2009 | 19264134 |
| effects of temperature change on the innate cellular and humoral immune responses of orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides and its susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus. | orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides held at 27 degrees c were then further cultured at 19, 27 (control), and 35 degrees c, and were examined for innate cellular and humoral responses after 3-96 h. the total leucocyte count, respiratory burst, and phagocytic activity significantly decreased 3, 48, and 96 h after fish were transferred to 19 and 35 degrees c. both the alternative complement pathway (ach(50)) and the lysozyme activity significantly decreased at 3-96 h after fish were transfe ... | 2009 | 19332138 |
| a new approach to visualize ecosystem health by using parasites. | a new approach is chosen to visualize ecosystem health by using parasite bioindicators in segara anakan lagoon, a brackish water ecosystem at the southern java coast, indonesia. three fish species (mugil cephalus, scatophagus argus, epinephelus coioides) were collected in two different years and sampling sites and studied for ecto- and endoparasites. additional data were taken for e. coioides from two further sites in lampung bay, sumatra, and for e. fucoguttatus out of floating cages from a mar ... | 2009 | 19337753 |
| in vitro activities of three synthetic peptides derived from epinecidin-1 and an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor against propionibacterium acnes, candida albicans, and trichomonas vaginalis. | the synthetic epinecidin-1(22-42) peptide was derived from positions 22-42 of epinephelus coioides epinecidin-1. the synthetic salf(55-76) cyclic peptide (cssalf(55-76)) and salf(55-76) linear peptide (lssalf(55-76)) contained sequences from positions 55 to 76 of the penaeus monodon anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf), respectively. we studied the in vitro activities of epinecidin-1(22-42), cssalf(55-76), and lssalf(55-76) against propionibacterium acnes, candida albicans, and trichomonas vagin ... | 2009 | 19463737 |
| role of alkaline serine protease, asp, in vibrio alginolyticus virulence and regulation of its expression by luxo-luxr regulatory system. | the alkaline serine protease asp, which was shown to be a virulence factor of vibrio alginolyticus as a purified protein, was cloned from v. alginolyticus epgs, a strain recently isolated from moribund epinephelus coioides in an outbreak of vibriosis in a mariculture farm of shenzhen. the asp null mutant was constructed by homologous recombination with suicide plasmid pnq705-1. compared with the wild-type strain, the asp null mutant exhibited a significant decrease of total extracellular proteas ... | 2009 | 19494689 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | as one of the most important mucosal effectors, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pigr) mediates the transcytosis of polymeric immunoglobulins (pigs) to protect the organisms. in this study, a full-length cdna of pigr was isolated from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), and the sequence analysis of deduced protein revealed the presence of only two ig-like domains (ilds), and the absence of the conserved ig-binding site and complementary determining region (cdr). the grouper pigr mrn ... | 2009 | 19602447 |
| risk assessment of residual ddts in freshwater and marine fish cultivated around the pearl river delta, china. | six species of freshwater fish collected from 10 fishponds in shunde and zhongshan, china, four species of marine fishes collected from different mariculture farms [four in hong kong (tung lung chau, ma wan, cheung chau and kat o) and two in mainland china (daya bay and shenzhen)] together with feed (both trash fish and commercial pellets) and sediment were analyzed for ddts. total ddts in freshwater fish flesh decreased in the order of: carnivores [1742 microg/kg lipid weight (l.w.)] > herbivor ... | 2010 | 19603131 |
| survey for fishborne zoonotic metacercariae in farmed grouper in vietnam. | because of the common and growing practice of consuming raw grouper in vietnam, the potential for transmission of zoonotic parasites is unclear. an investigation of the prevalence of zoonotic parasites in cage-reared grouper (epinephelus coioides and epinephelus bleekeri) from marine waters of cat ba island, hai phong city, northern vietnam, revealed the presence of two zoonotic trematode metacercariae species, procerovum varium and heterophysopsis continua. the identity of the metacercariae was ... | 2009 | 19630515 |
| epinecidin-1 peptide induces apoptosis which enhances antitumor effects in human leukemia u937 cells. | epinecidin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide present in the grouper (epinephelus coioides). in this study, the antitumor activity of a synthetic epinecidin-1 peptide was tested. the in vitro results showed that epinecidin-1 inhibited the proliferation of human leukemia u937 cells and increased the adp/atp ratio after 24h of treatment. the dna fragmentation assay, flow cytometric assay, and caspases-3, -8, and -9 assays indicated that epinecidin-1 could induce apoptosis in u937 cells. real-time rt-pc ... | 2009 | 19720101 |
| inactivation of nervous necrosis virus infecting grouper (epinephelus coioides) by epinecidin-1 and hepcidin 1-5 antimicrobial peptides, and downregulation of mx2 and mx3 gene expressions. | betanodaviruses are one of the serious pathogens in nervous necrosis viral (nnv) disease that brings about mortality in the larval stage of grouper (epinephelus coioides). in this study, the efficacy of pretreatment, co-treatment, and posttreatment with the antimicrobial epinecidin-1 and hepcidin 1-5 peptides against a betanodavirus was evaluated by intraperitoneal inoculation in grouper. the results showed that co-treatment of epinecidin-1 or hepcidin 1-5 with the virus was effective in promoti ... | 2010 | 19819335 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a c-type lectin (ec-ctl) in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | c-type lectins play crucial roles in pathogen recognition, innate immunity, and cell-cell interactions. in this study, a new c-type lectin (ec-ctl) gene was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides by expressed sequence tag (est) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-ctl was composed of 840 bp with a 651 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a 216-residue protein. the deduced amino acid sequence of ec-ctl possessed all conserved features crucial for the ... | 2010 | 19879363 |
| a new marine megalocytivirus from spotted knifejaw, oplegnathus punctatus, and its pathogenicity to freshwater mandarinfish, siniperca chuatsi. | megalocytivirus is a newly defined piscine iridovirus and has been shown to be an important causative agent of viral diseases in fish. here, a new megalocytivirus strain, designated skiv-zj07, was isolated from spotted knifejaw (oplegnathus punctatus) using a mandarinfish fry cell line (mff-1). phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein and atpase genes showed that skiv-zj07 was most similar to the orange-spotted grouper iridovirus (osgiv) from china and a u1 strain red sea bream iridovir ... | 2010 | 19895861 |
| vaccination of grouper broodfish (epinephelus tukula) reduces the risk of vertical transmission by nervous necrosis virus. | nervous necrosis virus (nnv) has caused mass mortality in many species of cultured fish at larval stage. strong evidence of vertical transmission of nnv has been reported in the carrier broodstock of striped jack and sea bass. an effective immunization program was developed and monitored in adult groupers (epinephelus coioides) with average body weight of 1.35kg. the highest neutralizing antibody titers were found in the fish intramuscularly injected with adjuvanted nnv vaccine at 10(9)tcid(50)k ... | 2010 | 19954763 |
| phylogenetic analysis of betanodavirus isolates from australian finfish. | in australia, disease caused by betanodavirus has been reported in an increasing number of cultured finfish since the first report of mortalities in 1990. partial coat protein gene sequences from the t2 or t4 regions of 8 betanodaviruses from barramundi lates calcarifer, sleepy cod oxyeleotris lineolata, striped trumpeter latris lineata, barramundi cod cromileptes altivelis, australian bass macquaria novemaculata and gold-spotted rockcod epinephelus coioides from several australian states were d ... | 2009 | 20099409 |
| a shared antigen among vibrio species: outer membrane protein-ompk as a versatile vibriosis vaccine candidate in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | the outer membrane protein-ompk has been considered as a vaccine candidate for the prevention of infections due to vibrio harveyi, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish. interestingly, the polyclonal antibody raised against the recombinant ompk from v. harveyi strain ecgs020802 recognized the ompk homologues from other strains of vibrio species by immunoblotting. the ompk genes from 19 vibrio strains including v. harveyi (11), v. alginolyticus (6) and v. parahaemolyticus (2) w ... | 2010 | 20170736 |
| identification of the vp92r gene from infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus. | megalocytiviruses, which belong to the family iridoviridae, are among the most harmful viruses to cultured fishes. infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv) is the type species of the megalocytivirus genus. the genome of isknv was sequenced and annotated by he et al. (virology 291:126-139, 2001) in 2001 and re-annotated by eaton et al. (virol. j. 4:11, 2007) in 2007. the orf092r of isknv was identified in the annotations of he et al. but was not reported by eaton et al. in this study, ... | 2010 | 20577793 |
| complete genome sequence of a megalocytivirus (family iridoviridae) associated with turbot mortality in china. | turbot reddish body iridovirus (trbiv) causes serious systemic diseases with high mortality in the cultured turbot, scophthalmus maximus. we here sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of trbiv, which was identified in shandong province, china. | 2010 | 20630106 |
| probiotic applications of two dominant gut bacillus strains with antagonistic activity improved the growth performance and immune responses of grouper epinephelus coioides. | the effect of dietary administration of bacillus pumilus and bacillus clausii, the dominant bacteria with antagonistic activity in the gut of fast growing fish, on the growth performance and immune responses of grouper epinephelus coioides were assessed. the fish were fed for 60 days with three different diets: control (without probiotics), diet t1 supplemented with 1.0x10(8) cells g(-1) b. pumilus, diet t2 with 1.0x10(8) cells g(-1) b. clausii. no significant improvements of weight gain or spec ... | 2010 | 20637875 |
| immunoproteomic analysis and identification of novel immunogenic proteins from vibrio harveyi. | the main aim of this study was to screen novel immunogenic proteins of vibrio harveyi, which could be vaccine candidates. | 2010 | 20698911 |
| immunoglobulin m gene expression analysis of orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, following heat shock and vibrio alginolyticus challenge. | the present study aimed to examine the expression of immunoglobulin m (igm) gene in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) following thermal stress, bacterial infection, and immunization with formalin-killed vibrio alginolyticus, a kind of bacterial pathogen that causes septicemia. in heat shock experiments, twenty-five healthy orange-spotted grouper were kept in tanks with seawater at 37±0.5°c for one hour heat-shock treatment, and then returned to 27±0.5°c seawater tanks. in bacterial c ... | 2010 | 20816805 |
| dietary administration of the probiotic, saccharomyces cerevisiae p13, enhanced the growth, innate immune responses, and disease resistance of the grouper, epinephelus coioides. | the percent weight gain (pwg) and feeding efficiency (fe) of epinephelus coioides were calculated. the survival of saccharomyces cerevisiae p13 in the posterior intestines using a specific primer pair of ymr245w-f/ymr245w-r, non-specific immune parameters of grouper, and its susceptibility to streptococcus sp. and an iridovirus were determined when the fish were fed diets containing s. cerevisiae at 0 (control), 10(3), 10(5), or 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu) kg(-1) for 4 weeks. results showed ... | 2010 | 20816806 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) ilf2 gene (ecilf2). | interleukin-2 enhancer binding factor 2 (ilf2), also named as nuclear factor 45 (nf45), plays important roles in regulating interleukin-2 expression in mammals. in the present study, a novel ilf2 gene (designated ecilf2) was cloned and well characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ecilf2 cdna is composed of 1544 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 387 amino acids with 98% identity to ilf2 of atlantic salmon. the genomic dna of ecilf2 consists of 14 exons and 1 ... | 2010 | 21109006 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of two novel hepcidins from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides is one of the most important economic species of marine-cultured fish in china and southeast asia countries. however, very little information of the innate immune mechanisms against microbial pathogens is available in grouper, epinephelus sp. hepcidin, as an antimicrobial peptide (amp), is a very important component in the innate immune system and widespread in fish. in this study, two novel types of hepcidin gene (designated ec-hepcidin1 and ec-hepci ... | 2010 | 21145974 |
| the expression of two novel orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) tnf genes in peripheral blood leukocytes, various organs, and fish larvae. | the tumour necrosis factor (tnf) super-family is a group of important cytokines involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and the general stimulation of the immune system. the tnf gene has been cloned in some bony fish; however, its counterparts are still unidentified in the majority of fish species. in this study, we cloned gtnf-1 and gtnf-2 from the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), an economically important farmed fish. both genes include 4 exons and 3 introns and ... | 2010 | 21195186 |
| molecular analysis of autochthonous microbiota along the digestive tract of juvenile grouper epinephelus coioides following probiotic bacillus pumilus administration. | aims: to evaluate the diversity of dominant autochthonous microbiota along the digestive tract of juvenile epinephelus coioides following the dietary administration of probiotic bacillus pumilus for 60 days. methods and results: polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) with subsequently sequencing analysis was used to assess the gut microbiota. generally similar dgge patterns were observed in the foregut, midgut and hindgut of e. coioides, while the similari ... | 2011 | 21294823 |
| identification and functional characterization of an interferon regulatory factor 7-like (irf7-like) gene from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | interferon regulatory factor (irf) 7 plays a crucial role in modulating cellular responses to viral infection and cytokines, including interferons (ifns). in the present study, a novel irf7 gene (designated as ecirf7) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ecirf7 cdna is composed of 2089 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 433 amino acids with 81% identity to irf7 of siniperca chuatsi, and the genomic dna of ecirf7 consists of 9 exons and 8 in ... | 2011 | 21295068 |
| cloning and expression of toll-like receptors 1 and 2 from a teleost fish, the orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides. | the two toll-like receptors, tlr1 and tlr2 were cloned from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, an important teleost fish in mariculture of asia. the cdna sequences of tlr1 and tlr2 are 3195 and 3439 bp long, with an open reading frame (orf) of 2406 and 2466 bp, encoding 801 and 821 amino acids, respectively. the tlr family motifs, i.e. leucine-rich repeat (lrr) domains and toll/interleukin (il)-1 receptor (tir) domains are conserved in the tlr1 and tlr2, with nine and ten leucine-rich ... | 2011 | 21440311 |
| cytotoxic cd8a+ leucocytes have heterogeneous features in antigen recognition and class i mhc restriction in grouper. | cd8 is a membrane glycoprotein found primarily on the surface of t lymphocytes such as cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl), natural killer cells (nk) and ?d t lymphocytes. it helps t lymphocytes to kill the infected cells that presents microbial antigen on the cell surface. however, analysis of fish cellular immunity has been limited because of the lack of cd8 antibodies in grouper. in this present study, we cloned full-length cd8a cdnas from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), an important ... | 2011 | 21463694 |
| orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) tlr2, myd88 and il-1β involved in anti-cryptocaryon irritans response. | cryptocaryon irritans is one of the most important ectoparasites of marine fish, and can have a devastating effect on aquacultured fish populations. the role of tlr signaling pathways in anti-parasitic immune responses is poorly understood in fish. in this paper, we first cloned epinephelus coioides myd88 full-length cdna (ecmyd88) and its respective gene. the open reading frame (orf) of cdna is 873bp encoding 291 amino acid residues. similar to other species, the ecmyd88 gene contains of five c ... | 2011 | 21540114 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 august 2009-30 september 2009. | this article documents the addition of 238 microsatellite marker loci and 72 pairs of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) sequencing primers to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: adelges tsugae, artemisia tridentata, astroides calycularis, azorella selago, botryllus schlosseri, botrylloides violaceus, cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii, campylopterus curvipennis, colocasia esculenta, cynomys ludovicianus, cynomys leucurus, cynomys gunnisoni, ... | 2010 | 21565018 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of heat-shock protein 70 in orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides following heat shock and vibrio alginolyticus challenge. | in this study, the complementary (c)dna encoding heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) of orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides (osghsp70) was cloned. osghsp70 was 2206 bp and encoded 652 amino acids with predicted molecular mass of 70·89 kda and theoretical isoelectric point of 5·48. three hsp70 family signatures, bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence (nls) and cytoplasmic characteristic motif (eevd) were observed in the osghsp70, which shared high similarity in amino-acid sequences with ... | 2011 | 21781104 |
| a new leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 from marine fish grouper, epinephelus coioides: molecular cloning and expression analysis. | leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (lect2) is a multifunctional protein involved in cell growth, differentiation and autoimmunity. in this study, a new leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (eclect2) gene was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides, by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna sequence of eclect2 was 595 bp in size, containing a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 44 bp and a 3'-utr of 83 bp. the deduced protein sequence of the open reading frame (465 bp) sh ... | 2011 | 21763428 |
| Immune-related genes expression profile in orange-spotted grouper during exposure to Cryptocaryon irritans. | Cryptocaryon irritans is one of the most important ectoparasites of marine fish. To identify the potential role of immune-related genes in antiparasitic immune responses in fish, we monitored the expression change of IL-8, COX-2, C-type lectin and transferrin in local and systemic immune organs of orange-spotted grouper post-C. irritans infection. IL-8 expression was up-regulated during the course of infection in the skin, while COX-2 and transferrin expression was up-regulated in the gill. COX- ... | 2011 | 21958410 |
| transcriptome analysis of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) spleen in response to singapore grouper iridovirus. | orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) is an economically important marine fish cultured in china and southeast asian countries. the emergence of infectious viral diseases, including iridovirus and betanodavirus, have severely affected food products based on this species, causing heavy economic losses. limited available information on the genomics of e. coioides has hampered the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie host-virus interactions. in this study, we used a 454 p ... | 2011 | 22078027 |
| molecular phylogeny of the acanthocephala (class palaeacanthocephala) with a paraphyletic assemblage of the orders polymorphida and echinorhynchida. | acanthocephalans are attractive candidates as model organisms for studying the ecology and co-evolutionary history of parasitic life cycles in the marine ecosystem. adding to earlier molecular analyses of this taxon, a total of 36 acanthocephalans belonging to the classes archiacanthocephala (3 species), eoacanthocephala (3 species), palaeacanthocephala (29 species), polyacanthocephala (1 species) and rotifera as outgroup (3 species) were analyzed by using bayesian inference and maximum likeliho ... | 2011 | 22163005 |
| Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) based identification of genes and expression analysis of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) from Epinephelus bruneus. | The kelp grouper, Epinephelus bruneus, is an economically important intensively cultured species in Southeast Asia. Despite the insatiable demand its large-scale production has been hindered by problems associated with water quality, nutrition, and diseases especially due to increased rearing density. It is generally accepted that in fish both innate and adaptive immune system provide protection from diseases. In the present study a cDNA library of Streptococcus iniae-challenged kelp grouper was ... | 2012 | 21983421 |
| molecular cloning of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) tlr21 and expression analysis post cryptocaryon irritans infection. | tlr21, a non-mammalian toll like receptor, was recently identified in chicken as a pattern recognition receptor of unmethyl-cpg odn, functionally similar to that of mammalian tlr9. its role in fish immune defense and whether it is involved in anti-parasite immunity has not yet been proven. in this study, we identified a cdna sequence encoding orange-spotted grouper toll-like receptor 21 (ectlr21), the open reading frame (orf) was 2937 bp encoding a putative polypeptide of 979 amino acid residues ... | 2011 | 22142705 |
| fatty acid binding protein 10 in the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides): characterization and regulation under ph and temperature stress. | we have isolated and characterized a fatty acid binding protein from the liver of the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). amino acid sequence similarity of the ec-fabp (e. coioides-fabp) was highest to fabp10s isolated from the livers of catfish, chicken, salamander and iguana. the open-reading frame of the ec-fabp codes for a protein of 14.0kda with a calculated isoelectric point of 8.5. we first expressed a fabp10 protein from orange-spotted grouper (e. coioides) in pichia pastoris, ... | 2011 | 22182678 |
| transcriptome analysis of the effect of vibrio alginolyticus infection on the innate immunity-related complement pathway in epinephelus coioides. | orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) with protogynous hermaphroditic features are one of the most economically important aquaculture species in taiwan. however, larvae stage grouper are susceptible to infection by the bacterial pathogen vibrio alginolyticus. to better understand the molecular mechanisms of the immune response to v. alginolyticus in epinephelus coioides larvae, we used high-throughput deep sequencing technology to study the effect of infection on gene expression. | 2014 | 25496447 |
| molecular cloning, functional characterization and nutritional regulation of the putative elongase elovl5 in the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lc-pufas) are widely studied in fish species, as fish are the main source of n-3 lc-pufas for human beings. in the present study, a putative gene for elovl5, which encodes a key enzyme involved in lc-pufa synthesis, was cloned and functionally characterized, and its transcription in response to dietary n-3 lc-pufa exposure was investigated. moreover, cell transfection and luciferase assays were used to explore th ... | 2016 | 26950699 |
| isolation and function analysis of apolipoprotein a-i gene response to virus infection in grouper. | apolipoproteins, synthesized mainly in liver and intestine and bounded to lipids, play important roles in lipid transport and uptake through the circulation system. in this study, an apolipoprotein a-i gene homologue was cloned from orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides (designed as ec-apoa-i) by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-apoa-i was comprised of 1278 bp with a 792 bp open reading frame (orf) that encodes a putative protein of 264 amino acids. q ... | 2015 | 25613342 |
| probiotic bacillus pumilus se5 shapes the intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity in grouper epinephelus coioides. | the health benefits of probiotics are thought to occur, at least in part, through an improved intestinal microbial balance in fish, although the molecular mechanisms whereby probiotics modulate the intestinal microbiota by means of activation of mucosal immunity are rarely explored. in this study, the effects of viable and heat-inactivated probiotic bacillus pumilus se5 on the intestinal dominant microbial community and mucosal immune gene expression were evaluated. the fish were fed for 60 d wi ... | 2014 | 25266899 |
| dietary administration of the probiotic, bacillus subtilis e20, enhances the growth, innate immune responses, and disease resistance of the grouper, epinephelus coioides. | the aim of this study was to improve the growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of grouper, epinephelus coioides by using probiotic, bacillus subtilis e20. the percent weight gain (pwg) and feeding efficiency (fe) of grouper administered the probiotic b. subtilis e20 were calculated. survival of b. subtilis e20 in the posterior intestines was determined using a specific primer pair of bphyf/bphyr, as were the non-specific immune parameters of grouper, and its susceptibility t ... | 2012 | 22796423 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of toll-like receptor 2 in response to bacteria in silvery pomfret intestinal epithelial cells. | toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) has been shown to play a crucial role in the host defense of pathogenic microbes in innate immunity. in this study, the full-length cdna of tlr2 in silvery pomfret (pampus argenteus) was cloned by homology cloning and the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technique. the complete cdna sequence of tlr2 was 2932 bp, containing an open reading frame (orf) of 2469 bp encoding 822 amino acids. a multiple alignment analysis of the silvery pomfret tlr2 protein-coding se ... | 2016 | 27574826 |
| molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of non-mammalian type toll like receptor (tlr21) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a large family of pattern recognition receptors, which are involved in triggering host immune responses against various pathogens by detecting their evolutionarily conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). tlr21 is a non-mammalian type tlr, which recognizes unmethylated cpg dna, and is considered as a functional homolog of mammalian tlr9. in this study, we attempted to identify and characterize a novel tlr21 counterpart from rock bream (oplegnathus ... | 2014 | 25300254 |
| ttrap is a critical factor in grouper immune response to virus infection. | ttrap (traf and tnf receptor-associated protein) is latest identified cytosolic protein that serves as a negative regulator for tnf signaling pathway. in this study, a member of tnf superfamily, ttrap gene (designed as ecttrap) was cloned from grouper, epinephelus coioides. there was an exo_endo_phos type domain in ecttrap, and it was well conserved when compared with other ttraps, especially the endonuclease activity related motifs. ecttrap exhibited prominent endonuclease activity against the ... | 2015 | 26172204 |
| molecular cloning and expression of a c-type lectin-like protein from orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides. | a c-type lectin-like protein (ec-ctlp) was cloned from the grouper epinephelus coioides. the full-length cdna of ec-ctlp was composed of 905 bp with a 522 bp open reading frame that encodes a 174-residue protein. the putative amino acid sequence of ec-ctlp contains a signal peptide of 19 residues at the n-terminus and a clect domain from cys43 to arg169 and a conserved imperfect wnd (trp-asn-asp) motif. the homologous identity of deduced amino acid sequences is from 32 to 42% with other fishes. ... | 2014 | 24490935 |
| immune responses of orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, against virus-like particles of betanodavirus produced in escherichia coli. | betanodaviruses are the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (vnn), a serious disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. virus-like particles (vlps) are one of the good novel vaccine candidates to control this disease. until now, betanodavirus vaccine studies mainly focused on the humoral immune response and mortality after virus challenge. however, little is known about the activation of genes responsible for cellular and innate immunity by vaccines. in the present study, vlps of orange-s ... | 2014 | 24252246 |
| identification and characterization of trp14, a thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kda from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | thioredoxin (abbreviated as trx) is an important ubiquitous disulfide reductase, which can protect organisms against various oxidative stresses. in the present study, a thioredoxin-related protein of 14 kda (named as ec-trp14) was identified from the marine fish grouper, epinephelus coioides by race pcr. the full-length cdna of ec-trp14 was comprised of 1066 bp with a 372 bp open reading frame that encodes a putative protein of 123 amino acids. similar to most trp14s, ec-trp14 contained the cons ... | 2013 | 23994424 |
| molecular identification and expression analysis of the cc chemokine gene in rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) and the biological activity of the recombinant protein. | we identified the cc chemokine cdna designated as rbcc1 (cc chemokine 1 in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus), which was isolated using expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated rock bream liver cdna library. the full-length rbcc1 cdna (850 bp) contained an open reading frame (orf) of 366 bp encoding 122 amino acids. results from our phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the rbcc1 was closest relationship to the orange-spotted grouper and mi-iyu croaker cc ... | 2013 | 23357024 |
| molecular cloning, recombinant expression, and antimicrobial activity of ec-hepcidin3, a new four-cysteine hepcidin isoform from epinephelus coioides. | hepcidin, a cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide, is widespread in fish and shows multiple activities, including antimicrobial, antivirus, and antitumor. here, a new four-cysteine hepcidin isoform gene, ec-hepcidin3, was cloned from the marine-cultured orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). the complete cdna sequence consisted of 603 bases with an open reading frame (orf) of 270 bases. the genomic dna sequence was composed of two introns and three exons, and its 312-bp upstream region had ... | 2013 | 23291752 |
| isolation and characterization of a thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. | thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 (txndc12) belongs to the thioredoxin superfamily, and has roles in redox regulation, defense against oxidative stress, refolding of disulfide-containing proteins, and regulation of transcription factors. in this study, a thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 was cloned from the marine fish grouper, epinephelus coioides by race pcr, named as ec-txndc12. the ec-txndc12 encodes 173 amino acid residues with signal peptide in its n-terminal and a thioredoxi ... | 2012 | 22789714 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of a thioredoxin from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | thioredoxins (trxs) are a family of small, highly conserved proteins that are essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. in this study, a thioredoxin gene was cloned from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides (designated as ec-trx). the full-length cdna of ec-trx was comprised of 767bp with a 327bp open reading frame that encodes a putative protein of 108 amino acids. quantitative real-time pcr analysis revealed that the ec-trx mrna was distributed abundantly in grouper, e. co ... | 2012 | 22595860 |
| expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) in yeast pichia pastoris. | igf-1 plays a key role in development, growth, and metabolism in teleost. recombinant fish igf-1 may be a useful tool for both theoretical research and aquaculture applications. however, using the escherichia coli expression system has several drawbacks for producing quality fish igf-1 protein. to explore the yeast expression system for generating fish igf-1 protein, the cdna coding for the mature orange-spotted grouper igf-1 peptide without signal peptide and e domain was cloned into the secret ... | 2012 | 22565151 |
| oral administration of recombinant epinecidin-1 protected grouper (epinephelus coioides) and zebrafish (danio rerio) from vibrio vulnificus infection and enhanced immune-related gene expressions. | immunostimulatory effects of the oral administration of the recombinant epinecidin-1 protein from bl21 escherichia coli (containing the pet28a-epinecidin-1-dsred plasmid) were studied in grouper (epinephelus coioides) and zebrafish (danio rerio). for this purpose, fish were fed diets for 30 days containing the recombinant epinecidin-1 protein from bl21 e. coli (containing the pet28a-epinecidin-1-dsred plasmid) at different bacterial numbers (10(4), 10(6), 10(8), and 10(10) colony-forming units ( ... | 2012 | 22554570 |
| stimulatory effects of chitinase on growth and immune defense of orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | chitinase, belonging to either family 18 or family 19 of the glycosylhydrolases, hydrolyze chitin into oligosaccharides. in the present study, the cdna fragment encoding orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) chitinase1 was subcloned into ppic3.5k vector and expressed in pichia pastoris gs115. the results showed that a band with the size of about 53 kda could be detected by sds-page and western blot. the recombinant protein of grouper chitinase1 (rgchi1) was added into the fish diet conta ... | 2012 | 22365990 |
| susceptibility of juvenile humpback grouper cromileptes altivelis to grouper sleepy disease iridovirus (gsdiv). | susceptibility of juvenile humpback grouper cromileptes altivelis to the grouper sleepy disease iridovirus (gsdiv) was examined. gsdiv-containing inocula for challenge were obtained using a filtrate of spleen tissues from donor fish (orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides) infected with gsdiv. groups injected with the primary filtrate showed lower mortalities (30 to 60%) than groups receiving the 10(-4) diluted inoculum (90 to 100% mortality). this result was contrary to the expectation tha ... | 2004 | 15212286 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis of toll-like receptor 3 gene in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). | toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) plays an important role in activating innate immune responses during viral infection. in this report, tlr3 (ectlr3) was characterized and analyzed for the first time in epinephelus coioides. the full-length ectlr3 cdna is predicted to encode a 909 amino acid polypeptide that contains a signal peptide sequence, 18 leucine-rich repeat (lrr) motifs, a transmembrane region and a toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain. quantitative real-time pcr revealed that the ectlr3 ... | 2013 | 23792060 |
| immunological evaluation of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio harveyi, vibrio vulnificus and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv) combined-vaccine efficacy in epinephelus coioides. | combined vaccines are immunological products intended for immunization against multifactorial infectious diseases caused by different types or variants of pathogens. in this study, the effectiveness of vibrio alginolyticus (va), vibrio harveyi (vh), vibrio vulnificus (vv) and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv), an iridovirus, combined-vaccine (vibrio and isknv combined vaccines, vicv), va+vh+vv inactive vaccine (viv) and isknv whole cell inactive vaccine (iwciv) in epinephelus c ... | 2012 | 23010220 |
| comparison of genetic characteristics and pathogenicity of lactococcus garvieae isolated from aquatic animals in taiwan. | seventy-six taiwanese bacterial isolates including 74 from diseased, cultured, aquatic animals (54 grey mullet mugil cephalus, 3 basket mullet chelon alatus, 2 tilapia oreochromis niloticus, 1 grouper epinephelus coioides, 2 yellowfin seabream acanthopagrus latus, 1 borneo mullet chelon macrolepis, 1 bullfrog rana catesbeiana, 1 japanese eel anguilla japonica, and 9 giant freshwater prawns macrobrachium rosenbergii), 1 wild-caught seafood species (squid muscle collected from a restaurant) and 1 ... | 2012 | 23209077 |