broome virus, a new fusogenic orthoreovirus species isolated from an australian fruit bat. | this report describes the discovery and characterization of a new fusogenic orthoreovirus, broome virus (brov), isolated from a little red flying-fox (pteropus scapulatus). the brov genome consists of 10 dsrna segments, each having a 3' terminal pentanucleotide sequence conserved amongst all members of the genus orthoreovirus, and a unique 5' terminal pentanucleotide sequence. the smallest genome segment is bicistronic and encodes two small nonstructural proteins, one of which is a novel fusion ... | 2010 | 20350736 |
erythrocyte metabolism in two species of bats: common bent-wing bat (miniopterus schreibersii) and red fruit bat (pteropus scapulatus). | 1. metabolic intermediates, substrate utilization and enzyme activities were determined in the red blood cells of the common bent-wing bat and the red fruit bat. standard haematological parameters and oxy-haemoglobin dissociation curves were also determined in both species. 2. the glycolytic rate as measured by lactate production was much higher for all substrates in the bent-wing bats. the activities of the glycolytic enzymes were also much higher in this species. 3. the standard haematological ... | 1992 | 1499281 |
australian bat lyssavirus: analysis of national bat surveillance data from 2010 to 2016. | australian bat lyssavirus (ablv) was first described in 1996 and has been regularly detected in australian bats since that time. while the virus does not cause population level impacts in bats and has minimal impacts on domestic animals, it does pose a public health risk. for this reason, bats are monitored for ablv and a national dataset is collated and maintained by wildlife health australia. the 2010-2016 dataset was analysed using logistic regression and time-series analysis to identify pred ... | 2021 | 33513882 |
genomic characterization of a novel poxvirus from a flying fox: evidence for a new genus? | the carcass of an australian little red flying fox (pteropus scapulatus) which died following entrapment on a fence was submitted to the laboratory for australian bat lyssavirus exclusion testing, which was negative. during post-mortem, multiple nodules were noted on the wing membranes, and therefore degenerate pcr primers targeting the poxvirus dna polymerase gene were used to screen for poxviruses. the poxvirus pcr screen was positive and sequencing of the pcr product demonstrated very low, bu ... | 2016 | 27389615 |
reproduction and nutritional stress are risk factors for hendra virus infection in little red flying foxes (pteropus scapulatus). | hendra virus (hev) is a lethal paramyxovirus which emerged in humans in 1994. poor understanding of hev dynamics in pteropus spp. (flying fox or fruit bat) reservoir hosts has limited our ability to determine factors driving its emergence. we initiated a longitudinal field study of hev in little red flying foxes (lrff; pteropus scapulatus) and examined individual and population risk factors for infection, to determine probable modes of intraspecific transmission. we also investigated whether sea ... | 2008 | 18198149 |
development and evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to identify mosquito (diptera: culicidae) bloodmeals originating from native australian mammals. | real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were developed for the identification of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) bloodmeals originating from three groups of native australian mammals. primers and probes were designed to amplify a partial fragment of the cytochrome b gene of the agile wallaby, macropus agilis (gould); brushtail possum, trichosurus vulpecula (kerr); and the consensus sequence of the four species of australian flying fox: pteropus alecto temminck, pteropus conspicilla ... | 2007 | 17294925 |
flying foxes as carriers of pathogenic leptospira species. | recent serologic studies have identified flying foxes (pteropus spp.) as carriers of leptospirosis; however, little is known about the role of flying foxes as carriers of pathogenic leptospira spp. to determine if australian pteropus spp. are carriers of pathogenic leptospira spp., taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect leptospiral dna in kidney and urine specimens from four species of flying fox, including the spectacled flying fox (pteropus conspicillatus), black f ... | 2005 | 16456164 |
collection, seminal characteristics and chilled storage of spermatozoa from three species of free-range flying fox (pteropus spp.). | this study reports observations on the collection and characteristics of semen from free-range populations of flying fox in brisbane, australia. semen was successfully recovered by electroejaculation from 107 of 115 wild flying foxes (pteropus alecto, pteropus poliocephalus and pteropus scapulatus). a proportion of ejaculates collected from all three species contained seminal vesicle secretions, the incidence of which appeared related to breeding season. ejaculate volume was small (5--160 microl ... | 2005 | 15913752 |
australian bat lyssavirus infection in three fruit bats from north queensland. | we report the case findings of australian bat lyssavirus infection in two black flying foxes (pteropus alecto) and one little red flying fox (pteropus scapulatus) from north queensland between january 1995 and august 1996. although the p. alecto case in january 1995 is the first recognised case of australian bat lyssavirus infection in australia, this was a retrospective diagnosis made after identification of the index case at ballina in may 1996. eight persons had exposure to the three bats. se ... | 1997 | 9145563 |
morphology of retinal ganglion cells in the flying fox (pteropus scapulatus): a lucifer yellow investigation. | the morphology of retinal ganglion cells was determined in megachiroptera, commonly known as flying foxes. retinal ganglion cells were intracellularly injected with the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow in fixed retinae from adult little red flying foxes (pteropus scapulatus) captured in their natural habitat. ganglion cells closely resembled the three main classes of cat retinal ganglion cells, and therefore were classified into alpha-, beta-, and gamma-type cells. the size of the alpha- and beta- ... | 1990 | 2262598 |
cytoarchitecture, neuronal composition, and entorhinal afferents of the flying fox hippocampus. | in a comparative approach, the anatomical organization of the hippocampus was investigated in two species of megachiropteran bats, the grey-headed flying fox, pteropus poliocephalus, and the little red flying fox, pteropus scapulatus. in general, the cytoarchitectonic appearance of the flying fox hippocampus corresponded well with that of other mammals, revealing all major subdivisions. while the dentate fascia was trilaminated with a molecular layer, a granule cell layer, and a distinct polymor ... | 1991 | 1727000 |
seasonal reproduction in flying foxes, reviewed in the context of other tropical mammals. | megachiroptera inhabit the old world tropics and most are seasonal breeders having defined times of testis growth, mating and parturition. in pteropus scapulatus, the little red flying fox, the robust rhythm of testis cycles is resistant to modification by photoperiod. p. poliocephalus, the greyheaded flying fox, can be manipulated by photoperiod but responds slowly and incompletely. most mammals live in the tropics, many in seasonally harsh climates, and many breed seasonally. however, few long ... | 1993 | 8190905 |
effect of photoperiod on the annual cycle of testis growth in a tropical mammal, the little red flying fox, pteropus scapulatus. | little red flying foxes (pteropus scapulatus) are seasonal breeders: they mate in late spring/early summer, and young are born the following autumn. in captivity, males housed outdoors in a normal breeding colony in natural daylight showed a single cycle of testis growth and regression each year. during reproductive quiescence, testicular volume was approximately 2 cm3; recrudescence began soon after the winter solstice; testicular volume was maximum at approximately 6.5 cm3 at the spring equino ... | 1993 | 8345455 |
representation of the body surface in the gracile, cuneate, and spinal trigeminal nuclei of the little red flying fox (pteropus scapulatus). | the body surface representation in the gracile, cuneate, and spinal trigeminal nuclei of the little red flying fox (pteropus scapulatus) was examined. as in other species, it was found that any single cross-section through all three nuclei contains a representation of most, or all, of the body surface. in the little red flying fox, however, this representation is arranged as a series of dorsolateral to ventromedially oriented bands, within which there are no apparent topographies. these bands ar ... | 1993 | 8227523 |
the ovarian-uterine vasculature in relation to unilateral endometrial growth in flying foxes (genus pteropus, suborder megachiroptera, order chiroptera). | the ovarian-uterine vasculature was examined in three australian species of flying fox (pteropus scapulatus, p. poliocephalus and p. alecto). vascular casts and histological sections were used to determine the relationship between the blood supply and the localized endometrial reaction, which occurs ipsilateral to the ovulating ovary. the ovarian artery coils extensively just cranial to the ovary, gives off a branch to the ovary and continues caudally as the major vessel supplying the cranial ti ... | 1994 | 7932356 |
coital behavior of male pteropus scapulatus (little red flying foxes) in captivity. | copulation in pteropus scapulatus, the little red flying fox (suborder megachiroptera), is characterised by brief orogenital grooming for 20 s; a single mount lasting 175 s; a single intromission, which includes a mean of 20 s thrusting in most copulations; ejaculation, lasting only about 9 s, observed in about 20% of copulations; and lock et copula, for about 155 s. in 65% of copulations, mating between the same pair resumes, usually after about 35 s. each pair typically undertakes a series of ... | 1994 | 7972396 |
trypanosomiasis in an australian little red flying fox (pteropus scapulatus). | an adult female australian little red flying fox (pteropus scapulatus) presented with icterus and anaemia. examination of a blood smear revealed numerous trypanosomes 20.4-30.8 µm long with tapered ends. necropsy and histological findings were consistent with trypanosome infection of lymphoid tissue and intravascular haemolysis. sequence and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated this trypanosome species to be genetically distinct and most similar to trypanosoma minasense and trypanosoma rangeli (wi ... | 2017 | 28653380 |
in this issue - july 2017: rhdv vaccine protects against both strains of virus · olfactory neuroblastoma in a malamute · coincidental conditions affecting dysphagia in a miniature poodle · support for storing high-quality bovine colostrum · sarcoptic mange in koalas · renal oxalosis in rare gilbert's potoroos · novel trypanosomes in a little red flying fox. | | 2017 | 28653384 |
retinotopic organization of the primary visual cortex of flying foxes (pteropus poliocephalus and pteropus scapulatus). | the representation of the visual field in the occipital cortex was studied by multiunit recordings in seven flying foxes (pteropus spp.), anesthetized with thiopentone/n2o and immobilized with pancuronium bromide. on the basis of its visuotopic organization and architecture, the primary visual area (v1) was distinguished from neighboring areas. area v1 occupies the dorsal surface of the occipital pole, as well as most of the tentorial surface of the cortex, the posterior third of the mesial surf ... | 1993 | 8408773 |
pituitary content of luteinizing hormone reveals species differences in the reproductive synchrony between males and females in australian flying-foxes (genus pteropus). | flying-foxes (genus suborder, pteropus megachiroptera) are long-lived tropical mammals. their seasonal reproduction appears to be regulated by an endogenous, circannual rhythm modified by multiple environmental cues. luteinizing hormone (lh) content in pituitary extracts was examined to establish the broad time-frame of pituitary stages in the reproductive seasonality of the flying-foxes. a comparison was made between the grey-headed flying-fox p. poliocephalus, which mates and conceives in autu ... | 2003 | 12927070 |
optimized architecture for nutrition in the avascular retina of megachiroptera. | investigations were undertaken to evaluate the unique choroidal vascular system of the megachiroptera (fruit bats) and its possible significance for retinal nutrition. fluorescein angiography was performed and documented on pteropus poliocephalus. vascular casts were made of the eye of pteropus scapulatus. histologic evaluation was performed on p. scapulatus. results confirmed that each papilla has a vascular core, and a unique vascular system emanating from the optic disc. the histological appe ... | 2007 | 17845230 |
comparative morphology of the pituitary gland in australian flying foxes (megachiroptera: genus pteropus). | investigations of reproductive endocrinology of flying foxes (genus pteropus) have been hampered by inadequate information on the normal morphology of the megachiropteran pituitary. | 1996 | 8838425 |
mobility of australian flying-foxes, pteropus spp. (megachiroptera): evidence from genetic variation. | black (pteropus alecto) and grey-headed (pteropus poliocephalus) flying-foxes inhabit large ranges in coastal north and eastern australia. p. poliocephalus is endemic to region and is classified as vulnerable. the bats are known to migrate in response to flowering and fruiting of their food plants, but direct observation of movement patterns is difficult. protein electrophoresis was used to investigate genetic subdivision among populations. high gene flow was inferred for both species with an es ... | 1996 | 8637931 |
novel paramyxoviruses in australian flying-fox populations support host-virus co-evolution. | understanding the diversity of henipaviruses and related viruses is important in determining the viral ecology within flying-fox populations and assessing the potential threat posed by these agents. this study sought to identify the abundance and diversity of previously unknown paramyxoviruses (upvs) in australian flying-fox species (pteropus alecto, pteropus scapulatus, pteropus poliocephalus and pteropus conspicillatus) and in the christmas island species pteropus melanotus natalis. using a de ... | 2015 | 25701824 |
trypanosoma teixeirae: a new species belonging to the t. cruzi clade causing trypanosomosis in an australian little red flying fox (pteropus scapulatus). | little is known about the genetic diversity and pathogenicity of trypanosomes in australian bats. recently a novel trypanosome species was identified in an adult female little red flying fox (pteropus scapulatus) with clinical and pathological evidence of trypanosomosis. the present study used morphology and molecular methods to demonstrate that this trypanosome is a distinct species and we propose the name trypanosoma teixeirae sp. n. morphological comparison showed that its circulating trypoma ... | 2016 | 27198803 |
measuring physiological stress in australian flying-fox populations. | flying-foxes (pteropid bats) are the natural host of hendra virus, a recently emerged zoonotic virus responsible for mortality or morbidity in horses and humans in australia since 1994. previous studies have suggested physiological and ecological risk factors for infection in flying-foxes, including physiological stress. however, little work has been done measuring and interpreting stress hormones in flying-foxes. over a 12-month period, we collected pooled urine samples from underneath roosting ... | 2014 | 24990534 |