| intestinal and bursal cryptosporidiosis in turkeys following inoculation with cryptosporidium sp. isolated from commercial poults. | cryptosporidium meleagridis oocysts, originally isolated from droppings of commercial turkey poults with increased mortality due to viral (reovirus) hepatitis and enteritis, were treated with peracetic acid to kill companion bacteria and viruses and then propagated by passage in young turkeys. thirty-eight 5-day-old large white turkey poults were inoculated by crop gavage with 500,000 cryptosporidial oocysts and compared with 40 uninoculated poults. cryptosporidial oocysts shedding began 3 days ... | 1988 | 3196261 |
| [localization of endogenous developmental stages of cryptosporidium meleagridis slavin, 1955 (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in birds]. | localization of endogenous developmental stages of c. meleagridis was studied on the basis of observation of 4734 preparations from individual parts (in the distance of approx. 5 cm) of the small intestine, caeca (collum caeci, corpus, apex caeci), colon, cloaca, bursa of fabricius, respiratory organs (sinus infraorbitalis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, air sacs) using the method of scraping mucous epithelium stained according to giemsa after fixation with methanol (as well as histologically) from 1 ... | 1994 | 7863574 |
| morphologic, host specificity, and molecular characterization of a hungarian cryptosporidium meleagridis isolate. | this study was undertaken in order to characterize cryptosporidium meleagridis isolated from a turkey in hungary and to compare the morphologies, host specificities, organ locations, and small-subunit rna (ssu rrna) gene sequences of this organism and other cryptosporidium species. the phenotypic differences between c. meleagridis and cryptosporidium parvum hungarian calf isolate (zoonotic genotype) oocysts were small, although they were statistically significant. oocysts of c. meleagridis were ... | 2000 | 10653744 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium isolates obtained from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals living in switzerland, kenya, and the united states. | a total of 22 cryptosporidium isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients from kenya, switzerland, and the united states were examined at three genetic loci: the 18s ribosomal dna, hsp-70, and acetyl coenzyme a synthetase genes. four distinct cryptosporidium genotypes were identified: (i) the cryptosporidium parvum "human" genotype, (ii) the c. parvum "cattle" genotype, (iii) cryptosporidium felis, and (iv) cryptosporidium meleagridis. this is the first report of c. meleagridis ... | 2000 | 10699017 |
| cryptosporidium meleagridis in an indian ring-necked parrot (psittacula krameri). | to perform a morphological and genetic characterisation of a cryptosporidium infection in an indian ring-necked parrot (psittacula krameri) and to compare this with c meleagridis from a turkey. | 2000 | 10860158 |
| the identification and characterisation of an unusual genotype of cryptosporidium from human faeces as cryptosporidium meleagridis. | an unusual genotype of cryptosporidium was identified in the faeces of six human patients by pcr/rflp analysis of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene. conventional microscopy showed oocysts indistinguishable in size from those of cryptosporidium parvum, which reacted with two different commercially available anti-oocyst monoclonal antibodies. the isolates were further characterised by pcr/rflp analysis of the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein of cryptosporidium-1 (trap-c1) ... | 2000 | 10930736 |
| molecular epidemiological analysis of cryptosporidium spp. in the united kingdom: results of genotyping cryptosporidium spp. in 1,705 fecal samples from humans and 105 fecal samples from livestock animals. | cryptosporidium present in 1,705 fecal samples from humans and 105 from livestock animals were analyzed by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein. overall, genotype 1 (human exclusive type) was detected in 37.8% of the samples from humans, genotype 2 (broad host range) was detected in 61.5%, a third genotype designated genotype 3 (cryptosporidium meleagridis) was detected in 0.3%, and both genotypes 1 and 2 were recovered from 0.4%. all samples fr ... | 2000 | 11060056 |
| morphologic, host specificity, and genetic characterization of a european cryptosporidium andersoni isolate. | this study was undertaken in order to characterize a cryptosporidium muris-like parasite isolated from cattle in hungary and to compare this strain with other cryptosporidium species. to date, the large-type oocysts isolated from cattle were considered as c. muris described from several mammals. the size, form, and structure of the oocysts of the hungarian strain were identical with those described by others from cattle. an apparent difference between the morphometric data of c. muris-like paras ... | 2000 | 11191899 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterisation of cryptosporidium from birds. | avian isolates of cryptosporidium species from different geographic locations were sequenced at two loci, the 18s rrna gene and the heat shock gene (hsp-70). phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data provided support for the existence of a new avian species of cryptosporidium infecting finches and a second species infecting a black duck. the identity of cryptosporidium baileyi and cryptosporidium meleagridis as valid species was confirmed. also, c. baileyi was identified in a number of isolates ... | 2001 | 11226456 |
| sensitive genotyping of cryptosporidium parvum by pcr-rflp analysis of the 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (hsp70) gene. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a 587-bp region of the cryptosporidium parvum 70-kda heat shock protein (hsp70) gene was developed for the detection and discrimination of the two major genotypes of c. parvum, genotype 1 and genotype 2. ten cryptosporidium isolates from non-immunocompromised people were identified as genotypes 1 and 2 (five each) by dna sequencing of the 587-bp pcr product. this distinction was also achieved with the combinat ... | 2001 | 11410346 |
| cryptosporidium meleagridis from humans: molecular analysis and description of affected patients. | to genetically characterize an unusual genotype of cryptosporidium from the stools of humans with diarrhoea and to identify risk factors in the affected patients. | 2001 | 11545566 |
| retrospective ultramicroscopic investigation on naturally cryptosporidial-infected commercial turkey poults. | the morphometric characteristics and the ultramicroscopic findings of cryptosporidium spp. at various stages of their life cycle in the intestinal and bursal epithelial cells of naturally infected 30-day-old commercial turkeys are reported. small, sporulated oocysts, observed in the small intestinal content after flotation, were identified as cryptosporidium meleagridis on the basis of morphometric characteristics (round in shape and 4.5-5.0 microm in size) and the small intestinal localization. ... | 2001 | 11569745 |
| a multilocus genotypic analysis of cryptosporidium meleagridis. | cryptosporidium meleagridis is a common cause of cryptosporidiosis in birds. in addition, recent reports have described the parasite as an etiologic agent of cryptosporidiosis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised humans. therefore, it is important to genetically characterize isolates of c. meleagridis from different hosts and geographic areas, and to develop molecular tools to differentiate isolates from various hosts or areas. in this study, a total of 11 isolates of cryptosporidium me ... | 2001 | 11906063 |
| pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a diagnostic 452-base-pair dna fragment discriminates between cryptosporidium parvum and c. meleagridis and between c. parvum isolates of human and animal origin. | genomic dnas from human cryptosporidium isolates previously typed by analysis of the 18s ribosomal dna locus (cryptosporidium parvum bovine genotype, c. parvum human genotype, cryptosporidium meleagridis, and cryptosporidium felis) were used to amplify the diagnostic fragment described by laxer et al. (m. a. laxer, b. k. timblin, and r. j. patel, am. j. trop. med. hyg., 45:688-694, 1991). the obtained 452-bp amplified fragments were sequenced and aligned with the homologous cryptosporidium wrair ... | 2002 | 11916736 |
| performance and oocyst shedding in broiler chickens orally infected with cryptosporidium baileyi and cryptosporidium meleagridis. | to study effects of experimental cryptosporidiosis, broiler chickens were infected per os with 5 x 10(5) oocysts of cryptosporidium baileyi and cryptosporidium meleagridis. in the first experiment, chickens were infected with oocysts of c. baileyi at the age of 7, 14, and 21 days. in the second experiment, chickens were infected with oocysts of c. baileyi, c. meleagridis, or both cryptosporidial species at the age of 7 days. although clinical signs of infection were apparent, neither final live ... | 2002 | 11922336 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatographic dip-strip test for the detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in stool specimens. | the study presented here examined the efficacy of a commercially available qualitative immunochromatographic assay for detecting cryptosporidium oocysts in stool samples. a total of 75 samples were tested, including 50 positive for cryptosporidium spp. by acid-fast stain, 20 positive for other parasites ( blastocystis hominis, endolimax nana, entamoeba coli, giardia lamblia, ascaris lumbricoides, strongyloides stercoralis and trichuris trichiura), and five negative samples. the observed sensitiv ... | 2002 | 12226697 |
| host adaptation and host-parasite co-evolution in cryptosporidium: implications for taxonomy and public health. | to assess the genetic diversity and evolution of cryptosporidium parasites, the partial ssrrna, actin, and 70kda heat shock protein (hsp70) genes of 15 new cryptosporidium parasites were sequenced. sequence data were analysed together with those previously obtained from other cryptosporidium parasites (10 cryptosporidium spp. and eight cryptosporidium genotypes). results of this multi-locus genetic characterisation indicate that host adaptation is a general phenomenon in the genus cryptosporidiu ... | 2002 | 12464424 |
| contamination of atlantic coast commercial shellfish with cryptosporidium. | shellfish (oysters and/or clams) were obtained from 37 commercial harvesting sites in 13 atlantic coast states from maine to florida and one site in new brunswick, canada. gill washings from each of 25 shellfish at each site were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (ifa) for oocysts of cryptosporidium. gill washings from another 25 shellfish at each site were grouped into five pools of five shellfish each. dna from each pool was utilized for pcr and genotyping. oocysts were found in 3.7% o ... | 2003 | 12489014 |
| [random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of cryptosporidium species and strains]. | to analyse the genetic heterogeneity of 8 isolates of cryptosporidium belonging to three species (cryptosporiduim muris, cryptosporiduim parvum and cryptosporidium meleagridis) using rapd technique. | 2001 | 12571997 |
| molecular epidemiological analysis of cryptosporidium isolates from humans and animals by using a heteroduplex mobility assay and nucleic acid sequencing based on a small double-stranded rna element. | two extrachromosomal double-stranded rna (dsrna) elements occur in cryptosporidium parvum. a heteroduplex mobility assay (hma) was developed for the rapid characterization of sequence diversity in a 173-bp fragment of the small dsrna element of cryptosporidium with either a natural sequence from cryptosporidium meleagridis or a synthetic sequence as reference dna. the 173-bp fragment was generated from 265 samples of whole feces (242 from humans and 18 from livestock with c. parvum genotype 1 or ... | 2003 | 12624019 |
| characterization of cryptosporidium meleagridis of human origin passaged through different host species. | cryptosporidium meleagridis, a protozoon first observed in turkeys, has been linked by several investigators to cryptosporidiosis in humans. c. meleagridis is the only known cryptosporidium species that infects both avian and mammalian species. we describe the successful propagation of c. meleagridis (isolate tu1867), originally purified from a patient with diarrhea, in laboratory animals including chickens, mice, piglets, and calves. tu1867 was readily transmitted from one animal host to anothe ... | 2003 | 12654797 |
| development of patent infection in immunosuppressed c57bl/6 mice with a single cryptosporidium meleagridis oocyst. | the ability of cryptosporidium meleagridis to produce patent infection was studied in adult c57bl/6 mice that were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone phosphate provided in the drinking water at a dosage of 16 microg/ml. four days after the onset of immunosuppression, mice were orally challenged with 1, 3, 10, or 1,000 c. meleagridis tu1867 oocysts per mouse. the mice were monitored daily for 18 days postinoculation for oocyst shedding. five of 10 mice given a single oocyst, 4 of 5 mice given 3 ... | 2003 | 12880270 |
| cryptosporidium meleagridis (sp. nov.). | | 1955 | 13242675 |
| the homologous and interspecies transmission of cryptosporidium parvum and cryptosporidium meleagridis. | experimental infections have been performed in several mammals and birds to determine the host's specificity for cryptosporidium parvum (of human and bovine origin) and for cryptosporidium meleagridis (isolated from broiler chicken). the c. parvum infection (of human origin) was established also in calves (bos taurus), lambs (ovis aries), mice (mus musculus), and rats (ratus norvegicus), but not in broiler chickens (gallus domestica). the c. parvum infection (of bovine origin), was achieved in c ... | 2003 | 14510055 |
| detection and genotyping of entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium parvum by oligonucleotide microarray. | entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia, and cryptosporidium parvum are the most frequently identified protozoan parasites causing waterborne disease outbreaks. the morbidity and mortality associated with these intestinal parasitic infections warrant the development of rapid and accurate detection and genotyping methods to aid public health efforts aimed at preventing and controlling outbreaks. in this study, we describe the development of an oligonucleotide microarray capable of detecting and di ... | 2004 | 15243091 |
| detection of cryptosporidium and identification to the species level by nested pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism. | cryptosporidiosis is an emerging protozoan disease associated with large waterborne outbreaks. diagnosis relies on microscopic examination of stools, but this method cannot identify the infecting species of cryptosporidium. we have developed a test based on nested pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) that offers simple identification of cryptosporidium hominis, cryptosporidium parvum, and most other human infective species in stool samples. purified c. parvum oocysts were used ... | 2005 | 15750054 |
| genetic analysis of cryptosporidium from 2414 humans with diarrhoea in england between 1985 and 2000. | the characterization of cryptosporidium using dna extracted from whole faecal samples collected from 2414 humans with diarrhoea in england between 1985 and 2000 where cryptosporidial oocysts were detected using conventional methods is described. characterization was achieved by pcr/rflp and dna sequencing of fragments of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein and the 18s rdna genes. cryptosporidium parvum was detected in 56.1 % of cases, cryptosporidium hominis in 41.7 % and a mixture of c. par ... | 2006 | 16687587 |
| characterisation of small double stranded rna molecule in cryptosporidium hominis, cryptosporidium felis and cryptosporidium meleagridis. | coding regions of double stranded rna molecules from 3 human faecal samples containing cryptosporidium hominis, c. felis and c. meleagridis were characterised by sequencing and compared with that previously obtained for c. parvum. sequences outside the coding regions were also obtained. overall similarities of between 86% and 92% and between 86% and 93% were observed in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences respectively between these species. these larger sequences will allow further molecular ... | 2006 | 16890010 |
| intestinal cryptosporidiosis in turkeys in iran. | naturally occurring cryptosporidiosis is reported in turkey poults suffering from diarrhoea and unthriftness in iran. histological and ultrastructural studies revealed high number of cryptosporidium developmental stages mainly located in the mid and terminal portions of small intestine of the poults. other portions of the intestinal tract were less frequently infected. oocyst shedding was detected only in 29% of the histologically positive birds. based on host species, clinical signs, pathology ... | 2006 | 16901269 |
| real-time pcr detection and speciation of cryptosporidium infection using scorpion probes. | at least eight species of cryptosporidium can cause human infection and disease. a real-time pcr (qpcr) assay based on the 18s rrna gene and utilizing a scorpion probe was developed to detect all human-pathogenic cryptosporidium without the usual need for nested amplification. sensitivity of detection in stool samples was highest using a glass bead-based dna extraction method (under 10(3) oocysts per stool sample). the assay was validated against 123 human stool specimens from bangladesh and tan ... | 2006 | 16914651 |
| multilocus sequence typing and genetic structure of cryptosporidium hominis from children in kolkata, india. | endemicity of cryptosporidiosis in india has been documented with little genetic characterization of the parasites. fifty cryptosporidium-positive specimens collected between 2001 and 2004 from pediatric patients in kolkata, india were analyzed for parasite genetic structure using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). genotype analyses showed the presence of cryptosporidium hominis, cryptosporidium meleagridis and cryptosporidium felis in 49, 2 and 1 patients, respectively (two patients had mixed i ... | 2007 | 17010677 |
| an outbreak of disease associated with cryptosporidia on a red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) game farm. | an outbreak of disease associated with cryptosporidia on a red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa) game farm is described. morbidity (diarrhoea and cough) was between 60% and 70% during the first weeks of life (4 to 25 days) and mortality was higher than 50%. the results of bacteriological and virological analyses were negative. histological examination and antigenic diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis revealed the presence of cryptosporidium spp. in respiratory and intestinal tracts ... | 2007 | 17620172 |
| a practical and cost-effective mutation scanning-based approach for investigating genetic variation in cryptosporidium. | in the present study, we used a mutation scanning-targeted sequencing approach to assess variation in part (pgp60) of the 60 kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene among cryptosporidium samples from humans in victoria, australia. two nuclear ribosomal loci (the small subunit rrna gene and the second internal transcribed spacer) were used to identify the samples as cryptosporidium hominis (n = 74), cryptosporidium parvum (n = 23) or cryptosporidium meleagridis (n = 1). in total, nine distinct pgp60 sequenc ... | 2007 | 17960838 |
| genotyping of cryptosporidium isolates from human clinical cases in poland. | cryptosporidium spp. infection is usually self-limited in immunocompetent hosts but can be severe and life threatening in children and in immunocompromised individuals including those with primary or acquired immunodeficiencies. one hundred and three faecal samples were collected from 35 hospitalised patients with different symptoms and tested for the presence of the parasite. cryptosporidium oocysts were found in four of 35 patients (11.4%) using ziehl-neelsen staining of faecal smears and immu ... | 2008 | 18301922 |
| genotypic identification of cryptosporidium spp. isolated from hiv-infected patients and immunocompetent children of são paulo, brazil. | cryptosporidium isolates identified in fourteen stool samples, collected from five hiv-infected patients and nine immunocompetent children, living in the state of são paulo, brazil, were submitted to a molecular analysis using a nested pcr followed of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), for genetic characterization. the analysis was based on digestion with rsai restriction enzyme of a dna fragment amplified from the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene. based on this anal ... | 2008 | 18516466 |
| detection of cryptosporidium spp. from human faeces by pcr-rflp, cloning and sequencing. | in this study, we compared and validated a nested abc polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) assay to amplify cryptosporidium parvum oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene fragment with a previous nested pcr-rflp method. when rflp of cowp gene did not provide clear results, we further analysed samples by cloning and sequencing for species and genotype identification. abc-pcr was performed on dna extracted from human faecal samples collected in england where crypto ... | 2009 | 18979120 |
| identification of cryptosporidium species infecting humans in tunisia. | prevalence and species distribution of cryptosporidium spp. were determined among 633 immunocompetent children less than five years of age and 75 patients hospitalized for immunodeficiency who lived in northern tunisia. microscopy was used for initial screening to detect positive samples and a nested polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the species. cryptosporidium spp. was identified in 2.7% of cases (19 stool samples), and there ... | 2008 | 18981507 |
| long-term cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in england and wales, 2000 to 2003. | to improve understanding of the aetiology and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis, over 8,000 cryptosporidium isolates were submitted for typing to the species level over a four year period. the majority were either cryptosporidium parvum (45.9%) or cryptosporidium hominis (49.2%). dual infection occurred in 40 (0.5%) cases and six other known cryptosporidium species or genotypes were found in 67 (0.9%) cases. these were cryptosporidium meleagridis, cryptosporidium felis, cryptosporidium can ... | 2009 | 19161717 |
| cryptosporidium in commercially produced turkeys on-farm and postslaughter. | to determine the presence of cryptosporidium species in commercially produced turkey flocks on farm and postslaughter. | 2009 | 19187504 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. from fecal samples of birds kept in captivity in brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium species and genotypes in birds kept in captivity in brazil. a total of 966 samples from 18 families of birds was collected and stored in 5% potassium dichromate solution at 4 degrees c until processing. oocysts were purified in sheather sugar solution following extraction of genomic dna. molecular analyses were performed using nested-pcr for amplification of fragments of the 18s subunit of rrna gene and of the actin gene. a ... | 2009 | 19683397 |
| combination of arad microfibre filtration and lamp methodology for simple, rapid and cost-effective detection of human pathogenic giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in drinking water. | in this study, we report a new, simple methodology for the monitoring of cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts in drinking water samples, ranging from 10- to 1000-l, which combines a new arad microfibre filtration of the (oo)cysts from drinking water and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) of a human pathogenic cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidium hominis, cryptosporidium meleagridis and giardia duodenalis assemblage a and b specific dna sequence. | 2010 | 19895420 |
| longitudinal multi-locus molecular characterisation of sporadic australian human clinical cases of cryptosporidiosis from 2005 to 2008. | cryptosporidium is a gastrointestinal parasite that is recognised as a significant cause of non-viral diarrhea in both developing and industrialised countries. in the present study, a longitudinal analysis of 248 faecal specimens from australian humans with gastrointestinal symptoms from 2005 to 2008 was conducted. sequence analysis of the 18s rrna gene locus and the 60kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene locus revealed that 195 (78.6%) of the cases were due to infection with cryptosporidium hominis, 49 ... | 2010 | 20206624 |
| multilocus genotypic analysis of cryptosporidium isolates from cockatiels, japan. | cryptosporidium is a significant pathogen in humans and animals. cases of infection by cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidium meleagridis, and cryptosporidium baileyi with zoonotic potential have also been reported in domestic birds, and recent studies indicate the presence of new host-adapted species or genotypes in birds. it is generally difficult to discriminate accurately among cryptosporidium species and genotypes by light microscopy because of the morphological similarity of their oocysts ... | 2010 | 20339870 |
| genotype analysis of cryptosporidium meleagridis isolates from humans in japan. | | 2010 | 20495279 |
| silent information regulator 2 proteins encoded by cryptosporidium parasites. | screening in a database has revealed that cryptosporidium hominis encodes a silent information regulator 2 (sir2), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad)-dependent protein deacetylase. cellular localization of the protein, chsir2, was analyzed by the use of the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum as a model system. fluorescent microscopic analysis showed that chsir2 fused with green fluorescent protein was localized in the d. discoideum nucleus. d. discoideum expressing chsir2 grew faster ... | 2010 | 20563732 |
| genotyping of cryptosporidium spp. from free-living wild birds from brazil. | in wild and domestic birds, cryptosporidiosis is often associated with infections by cryptosporidium galli, cryptosporidium baileyi and cryptosporidium meleagridis. in addition to these species, a number of avian cryptosporidium species yet to be fully characterized are commonly found among exotic and wild avian isolates. the present study aimed to detect and identify samples of cryptosporidium spp. from free-living wild birds, in order to contribute to the knowledge of the variability of this p ... | 2010 | 21035268 |
| large-scale survey of cryptosporidium spp. in chickens and pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos) in henan, china: prevalence and molecular characterization. | few data are available on the molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in chickens and ducks in china. in this study, 2579 faecal samples from 46 chicken farms and eight pekin duck farms in 21 prefectures in henan province were examined. the overall infection rate of cryptosporidium was 10.6% (163/1542) in layer chickens (10 out of 17 farms), 3.4% (16/473) in broilers (five out of 29 farms), and 16.3% (92/564) in pekin ducks (four out of eight farms), respectively. the highest infectio ... | 2010 | 21154053 |
| cryptosporidium spp. in pet birds: genetic diversity and potential public health significance. | to characterize the prevalence and assess the zoonotic transmission burden of cryptosporidium species/genotypes in pet birds in henan, china, 434 fecal samples were acquired from 14 families of birds in pet shops. the overall prevalence of cryptopsoridium was 8.1% (35/434) by the sheather's sugar flotation technique. the cryptosporidium-positive samples were analyzed by dna sequence analysis of the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene. three cryptosporidium species and two genotypes were identified, in ... | 2011 | 21557938 |
| cryptosporidium meleagridis: infectivity in healthy adult volunteers. | abstract. most cryptosporidium infections in humans are caused by c. parvum or c. hominis. however, genotyping techniques have identified infections caused by unusual cryptosporidium species. cryptosporidium meleagridis has been identified in = 1% of persons with diarrhea, although prevalence is higher in developing nations. we examined the infectivity of c. meleagridis in healthy adults. five volunteers were challenged with 10(5) c. meleagridis oocysts and monitored six weeks for fecal oocysts ... | 2011 | 21813841 |
| comparison of the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of seven cryptosporidium assays used in the united kingdom. | to compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of seven cryptosporidium diagnostic assays used in the uk, results from 259 stool samples from patients with acute gastrointestinal symptoms were compared against a nominated gold standard (real-time pcr and oocyst detection). of the 152 'true positives', 80 were c. hominis, 68 c. parvum, two c. felis, one c. ubiquitum and one c. meleagridis. cryptosporidium spp. diagnostic sensitivities of three cryptosporidium and giardia combination copro- ... | 2011 | 21757501 |
| [cryptosporidium infection in patients with major histocompatibility complex class ii deficiency syndrome in tunisia: description of five cases]. | in tunisia, cryptosporidium is frequently identified in diarrheic stools of children and immunocompromised patients. the infection is usually self-limited in immunocompetent populations, but can be severe and life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. cryptosporidiosis is well-documented in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus; however, few data are available concerning children with primary immunodeficiencies (pids). | 2011 | 21816586 |
| giardia duodenalis genotypes and cryptosporidium species in humans and domestic animals in côte d'ivoire: occurrence and evidence for environmental contamination. | giardia duodenalis genotypes and cryptosporidium species were studied in humans and free-ranging animals living in closed enclaves in côte d'ivoire. three hundred and seven stool samples were tested from humans, and 47 from freely roaming domestic animals (dogs, goats, ducks, chickens). molecular characterization of the isolates was performed by sequence analysis of a portion of the ssu-rdna for giardia and the cowp gene for cryptosporidium, and a β-giardin sybr-green real-time pcr was also used ... | 2012 | 22265078 |
| molecular and phylogenetic approaches for assessing sources of cryptosporidium contamination in water. | the high sequence diversity and heterogeneity observed within species or genotypes of cryptosporidium requires phylogenetic approaches for the identification of novel sequences obtained from the environment. a long-term study on cryptosporidium in the agriculturally-intensive south nation river watershed in ontario, canada was undertaken, in which 60 sequence types were detected. of these sequence types 33 were considered novel with no identical matches in genbank. detailed phylogenetic analysis ... | 2012 | 22841595 |
| annotated draft genome sequences of three species of cryptosporidium: cryptosporidium meleagridis isolate ukmel1, c. baileyi isolate tamu-09q1 and c. hominis isolates tu502_2012 and ukh1. | human cryptosporidiosis is caused primarily by cryptosporidium hominis, c. parvum and c. meleagridis. to accelerate research on parasites in the genus cryptosporidium, we generated annotated, draft genome sequences of human c. hominis isolates tu502_2012 and ukh1, c. meleagridis ukmel1, also isolated from a human patient, and the avian parasite c. baileyi tamu-09q1. the annotation of the genome sequences relied in part on rnaseq data generated from the oocyst stage of both c. hominis and c. bail ... | 2016 | 27519257 |
| cryptosporidium infections of ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus) from an intensive artificial breeding programme in the czech republic. | from july to november 2012, preliminary coprological examinations were carried out on 85 pooled faecal samples of different aged ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus) (hatches from may until july) from an intensive artificial breeding programme in the czech republic. cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 12 samples (14.1 %) of ages >12 weeks (august-september). these results were supported by findings of cryptosporidium baileyi and cryptosporidium meleagridis oocysts in intestinal, or c ... | 2016 | 26815038 |
| first finding of spontaneous infections with cryptosporidium baileyi and c. meleagridis in the red-legged partridge alectoris rufa from an aviary in the czech republic. | this paper represents the first report of spontaneous infection with cryptosporidium baileyi and cryptosporidium meleagridis in the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa), as well as the percentage of positive samples and age-associated dynamics of cryptosporidial infections in an aviary in the czech republic. the entire infection process was monitored over two semesters (july-december 2012 and 2013) until release of birds for hunting purposes. coprological examination of 663 pooled fecal samples ... | 2015 | 25814162 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. in domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica) in guangdong province, southern china. | to investigate the prevalence and assess the zoonotic transmission burden of cryptosporidium species in domestic pigeons in guangdong province, southern china, 244 fecal samples were collected from four pigeon breeding farms between june 2012 and march 2013. cryptosporidium oocysts were purified by sheather's sugar flotation technique and characterized by dna sequencing of small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene. cryptosporidium species were determined by comparison of sequences with corresp ... | 2015 | 25773186 |
| cryptosporidiosis in broiler chickens in zhejiang province, china: molecular characterization of oocysts detected in fecal samples. | cryptosporidium is one of the most important parasites in poultry, and this pathogen can infect more than 30 avian species. the present study investigated the infection rate of cryptosporidium among broiler chicken flocks. a total of 385 fecal samples from broiler chickens in 7 regions of zhejiang province collected from november 2010 to january 2012 were examined by microscopy. thirty-eight (10%) samples were positive for cryptosporidium infection, and 3 genotypes (cryptosporidium baileyi, cryp ... | 2014 | 25075975 |
| molecular surveillance of cryptosporidium spp., giardia duodenalis, and enterocytozoon bieneusi by genotyping and subtyping parasites in wastewater. | despite their wide occurrence, cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are considered neglected diseases by the world health organization. the epidemiology of these diseases and microsporidiosis in humans in developing countries is poorly understood. the high concentration of pathogens in raw sewage makes the characterization of the transmission of these pathogens simple through the genotype and subtype analysis of a small number of samples. | 2012 | 22970334 |
| cryptosporidium spp. in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) in henan, china: molecular characterization and public health significance. | the prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. was investigated in scale quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) farms in henan province, china between september 2006 and august 2007. one thousand eight hundred and eighteen fecal samples from 47 quail farms in five areas were collected for the examination of cryptosporidium oocysts. the overall prevalence of cryptosporidium was 13.1% (95% ci 13.1±1.6%) (29 of 47 farms), with 72-100-day-old quails having the highest prevalence (23.6%, 95% ci 23.6±2.6%) (χ(2)= ... | 2012 | 22377447 |
| <i>cryptosporidium</i> genotypes in children and calves living at the wildlife or livestock interface of the kruger national park, south africa. | cryptosporidium infection is one of the most common causes of parasitic diarrhoea worldwide in cattle and humans. in developing countries, human cryptosporidiosis is most prevalent during early childhood and links between zoonotic infection and animal related activities have been demonstrated. this study investigated the prevalence and species/genotype distribution of cryptosporidium among children (< 5 years) and calves (< 6 months) living in a rural farming area adjacent to the kruger na ... | 2016 | 27796111 |
| cryptosporidium genotypes in children and calves living at the wildlife or livestock interface of the kruger national park, south africa. | cryptosporidium infection is one of the most common causes of parasitic diarrhoea worldwide in cattle and humans. in developing countries, human cryptosporidiosis is most prevalent during early childhood and links between zoonotic infection and animal related activities have been demonstrated. this study investigated the prevalence and species/genotype distribution of cryptosporidium among children (< 5 years) and calves (< 6 months) living in a rural farming area adjacent to the kruger na ... | 2016 | 27247067 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium species and giardia duodenalis from symptomatic cambodian children. | in a prospective study, 498 single faecal samples from children aged under 16 years attending an outpatient clinic in the angkor hospital for children, northwest cambodia, were examined for cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia cysts using microscopy and molecular assays. | 2016 | 27387755 |
| first report of cryptosporidium canis in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) and identification of several novel subtype families for cryptosporidium mink genotype in minks (mustela vison) in china. | despite the rapid and extensive advances in molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium in humans and a variety of animals, the prevalence and genetic traits of the parasite in wildlife bred in captivity and the role of the neglected hosts in zoonotic transmission of human cryptosporidiosis are rarely understood. this study investigated the prevalence, species/genotype, and subtype of cryptosporidium in farmed fur animals in china and assessed the possibility of zoonotic transmission. three of 191 ... | 2016 | 27001467 |
| application of a qpcr assay with melting curve analysis for detection and differentiation of protozoan oocysts in human fecal samples from dominican republic. | a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay with melt curve analysis (qpcr-mca) was applied for the detection of protozoan oocysts in 501 human fecal samples collected in dominican republic. samples were subjected to qpcr using universal coccidia primers targeting 18s rdna to detect oocysts followed by mca to identify oocyst species based on amplicon melting temperature. putative positive samples were also tested by conventional pcr and microscopy. cystoisospora belli (×3), cryptosporidium pa ... | 2013 | 24019437 |
| diversity of cryptosporidium in brush-tailed rock-wallabies (petrogale penicillata) managed within a species recovery programme. | host-parasite relationships are likely to be impacted by conservation management practices, potentially increasing the susceptibility of wildlife to emerging disease. cryptosporidium, a parasitic protozoan genus comprising host-adapted and host-specific species, was used as an indicator of parasite movement between populations of a threatened marsupial, the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (petrogale penicillata). pcr screening of faecal samples (n = 324) from seven wallaby populations across new south ... | 2015 | 25834789 |
| genotypes of cryptosporidium spp. and enterocytozoon bieneusi in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in lagos, nigeria. | molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. and enterocytozoon bieneusi has improved our understanding of the transmission of both organisms in humans. in this study, to infer possible infection sources, cryptosporidium spp. and e. bieneusi in fecal specimens from 90 hiv-infected patients attending antiretroviral clinics in lagos, nigeria were detected and genotyped by pcr and dna sequencing. cryptosporidium spp. and e. bieneusi were identified in four and five patients, respectively, inc ... | 2016 | 26662459 |
| high applicability of a novel method for gp60-based subtyping of cryptosporidium meleagridis. | cryptosporidium meleagridis is a common cause of cryptosporidiosis in avian hosts and the third most common species involved in human cryptosporidiosis. sequencing of the highly polymorphic 60-kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene is a frequently used tool for investigation of the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of cryptosporidium. however, few studies have included gp60 sequencing of c. meleagridis. one explanation may be that the gp60 primers currently in use are based on cryptosporidium ho ... | 2014 | 24740082 |
| population genetics of cryptosporidium meleagridis in humans and birds: evidence for cross-species transmission. | population genetic studies have been used to understand the transmission of pathogens in humans and animals, especially the role of zoonotic infections and evolution and dispersal of virulent subtypes. in this study, we analysed the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptosporidium meleagridis, the only known cryptosporidium species that infects both avian and mammalian hosts and is responsible for approximately 10% of human cryptosporidiosis in some areas. a total of 62 c. meleagrid ... | 2014 | 24727090 |
| genetic diversity of cryptosporidium isolates from patients in north india. | cryptosporidiosis is a significant cause of diarrheal illness in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised populations. cryptosporidium species infect a wide range of hosts including humans. different species are morphologically indistinguishable, and molecular techniques have become the key to detection and source tracking. the present study was designed to study the genetic diversity of human cryptosporidium isolates in north india. | 2013 | 23332591 |
| detection of cryptosporidium species in the sea and tap water samples of black sea, turkey. | the aim of this study was to evaluate cryptosporidium spp. contamination of sea and tap water samples from sinop and ordu provinces, black sea, turkey. the samples (10 l) were collected in spring, summer, autumn, and winter in 2011. a total of 128 water samples was analyzed using an immunofluorescence test (ift), as well as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected by ift in 43 of the 70 samples (61.4%; 1- ... | 2013 | 23145771 |
| first survey of cryptosporidium, giardia and enterocytozoon in diarrhoeic children from wuhan, china. | intestinal protozoan pathogens cause significant diarrhoeal diseases in children. however, to date, there has been limited genetic study of the intestinal pathogens cryptosporidium, giardia and enterocytozoon in humans in china, with the exception of research in a small number of cities/provinces. in the present study, pcr-based tools were used to detect and characterise these protistan parasites from 500 children with a history of diarrhoea in wuhan and environs, hubei province, china. genomic ... | 2017 | 28284996 |
| cryptosporidium meleagridis infection: the first report in poland of its occurrence in an hiv-positive woman | cryptosporidium is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that can cause severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients. the transmission of this pathogen in humans and animals is not fully understood. c. meleagridis, originally described in birds, is the only cryptosporidium species known to naturally infect mammalian and avian species. this study documents the first detection of c. meleagridis in an hiv-infected woman in poland. | 2016 | 27770764 |
| occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium in wild birds in galicia (northwest spain). | faecal samples were obtained from 433 wild birds being treated in wildlife recovery centres in galicia (northwest spain), between february 2007 and september 2009. the birds belonged to 64 species representing 17 different orders. giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by an immunofluorescence antibody test and identified at the molecular level by established pcr-sequencing methods. the overall prevalence of giardia was 2·1% and that of cryptosporidium, 8·3%. to our knowledge, t ... | 2015 | 25669618 |
| occurrence of intestinal microsporidia in immunodeficient patients in poland. | microsporidial infections may be asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts, but can be severe and disseminated in hiv/aids patients, children, the elderly, or in immunocompromised individuals, including those with primary or medically-induced immunodeficiencies. 209 faecal samples were collected from 80 clinical patients, with or without abdominal symptoms, and tested for the presence of the parasites. microsporidia were found in 10 of the 80 patients (12.5%) using trichrom staining of faecal smears ... | 2014 | 24959769 |
| human cryptosporidiosis diagnosed in western australia: a mixed infection with cryptosporidium meleagridis, the cryptosporidium mink genotype, and an unknown cryptosporidium species. | this report describes a case of cryptosporidiosis from an immunocompetent patient from perth, western australia, suffering from diarrhea and a spectrum of other symptoms. molecular identification revealed that this patient was infected with three cryptosporidium species-cryptosporidium meleagridis, the cryptosporidium mink genotype, and an unknown cryptosporidium species. | 2013 | 23637295 |
| common occurrence of zoonotic pathogen cryptosporidium meleagridis in broiler chickens and turkeys in algeria. | only a small number of birds have been identified by molecular techniques as having cryptosporidium meleagridis, the third most important species for human cryptosporidiosis. in this study, using pcr-rflp analysis of the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene, we examined the ileum of 90 dead chickens from 23 farms and 57 dead turkeys from 16 farms in algeria for cryptosporidium spp. c. meleagridis-positive specimens were subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60 kda glycoprotein gene. cryptosporidium infe ... | 2013 | 23498647 |
| zoonotic cryptosporidium species and enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in hiv-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy. | molecular diagnostic tools have been used increasingly in the characterization of the transmission of cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in developing countries. however, few studies have examined the distribution of cryptosporidium species and enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in aids patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. in the present study, 683 hiv-positive patients in the national free antiretroviral therapy program in china and 683 matched hiv-negative controls were enrolled. cryp ... | 2013 | 23224097 |
| zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidium meleagridis on an organic swedish farm. | we believe that we present the first evidence of zoonotic transmission of the bird parasite, cryptosporidium meleagridis. despite being the third most common cause of human cryptosporidiosis, an identified zoonotic source has not been reported to date. we found cryptosporidium oocysts in pigs, sheep/goats, hens and broiler chickens on a farm with suspected zoonotic transmission. by dna analysis we identified c. meleagridis in samples from one human, three chickens and one hen. sequencing of the ... | 2012 | 23022616 |
| cryptosporidium meleagridis and c. baileyi (apicomplexa) in domestic and wild birds in algeria. | a total of 345 faecal samples were collected from domestic, captive and wild birds in rural areas, urban areas and a zoo in algeria. samples were screened for the presence of parasites belonging to the genus cryptosporidium tyzzer, 1910 by microscopy and pcr analysis of the small-subunit rrna (ssu), actin and 60-kda glycoprotein (gp60) genes. cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 31 samples. sequence analysis of ssu and actin genes revealed the presence of c. baileyi current, upton et haynes, 19 ... | 2017 | 28620152 |