| anopheles varuna iyengar, 1924 in rameswaram island, tamil nadu state--a short communication. | | 1978 | 680897 |
| metaphase karyotypes of anopheles of thailand and southeast asia: v. the myzomyia series, subgenus cellia (diptera:culicidae). | metaphase karyotypes of 9 species of the myzomyia series show intra- and interspecific differences based on quantitative variation and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in the sex chromosomes or the centromeric regions of the autosome pairs or both. anopheles jeyporiensis and anopheles aconitus each exhibit 4 forms of mitotic karyotypes, which may reflect interspecific differences within each taxon. the well-defined genetic species within the anopheles minimus and the anopheles culcif ... | 1996 | 8723265 |
| anopheline (diptera:culicidae) breeding in a traditional tank-based village ecosystem in north central sri lanka. | a 13-mo survey of immature anopheline mosquitoes breeding in surface water habitats was done at mahameegaswewa village within the huruluwewa watershed in north central sri lanka as part of a multidisciplinary study on malaria epidemiology. the watershed is representative of the ancient small tank-based irrigation network that still forms an important component of the rice production system in the low elevation dry zone. in total, 3,818 immatures representing 12 species were obtained from 2,940 s ... | 1997 | 9151492 |
| control of malaria vectors with the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen in a gem-mining area in sri lanka. | the study was conducted in eight adjacent villages in central sri lanka where there are many shallow pits dug by gem miners that fill with water. these become breeding places of the main malarial vector anopheles culicifacies, and of the second most important vector anopheles subpictus, but not of anopheles varuna, the third most important vector. with the help of local volunteers, data on the adult populations of these three species was collected by various standard methods, and data on the inc ... | 2001 | 11700185 |
| confirmation of anopheles varuna in vietnam, previously misidentified and mistargeted as the malaria vector anopheles minimus. | malaria control programs in southeast asia are faced with several questions concerning vector behavior and species identification, which need to be answered to consolidate and further improve the results of control practices. the vector system in southeast asia is complex because of the number of species potentially involved in malaria transmission. additionally, the follow-up and evaluation of preventive control measures are hampered by the misidentification of vectors due to overlapping morpho ... | 2001 | 11791965 |
| physico-chemical characteristics of anopheles culicifacies and anopheles varuna breeding water in a dry zone stream in sri lanka. | selected physico-chemical characteristics of flowing and pooled water in a stream that generated two malaria vectors, anopheles culicifacies s.l. giles and anopheles varuna iyengar, were investigated during august-september 1997 and july 1998 at the upper yan oya watershed in north-central sri lanka. | 2005 | 16161702 |
| food of larval anopheles culicifacies and anopheles varuna in a stream habitat in sri lanka. | no previous studies have been conducted on the natural food of larval anopheles culicifacies s.l. (the major malaria vector) and an. varuna (a secondary vector) in sri lanka. the present study analyzed the contents of guts dissected from larvae collected from pools in a natural stream-cum-irrigation conveyance channel in the upper yan oya watershed in the north central province of the country during august-september 1997 and july 1998. determinations of physicochemical and biological parameters ... | 2005 | 16506563 |
| malaria in sri lanka: one year post-tsunami. | one year ago, the authors of this article reported in this journal on the malaria situation in sri lanka prior to the tsunami that hit on 26 december 2004, and estimated the likelihood of a post-tsunami malaria outbreak to be low. malaria incidence has decreased in 2005 as compared to 2004 in most districts, including the ones that were hit hardest by the tsunami. the malaria incidence (aggregated for the whole country) in 2005 followed the downward trend that started in 2000. however, surveilla ... | 2006 | 16700913 |
| distribution of anopheles in vietnam, with particular attention to malaria vectors of the anopheles minimus complex. | the distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in vietnam was examined, with a particular interest for the two sibling species of the anopheles minimus complex (cellia: myzomyia), an. minimus and anopheles harrisoni, respectively former species a and c. because the morphological identification of both sibling species is difficult and may lead to misidentifications, accurate data on their respective distribution are missing. this is of fundamental importance since the two species seem to exhibit diffe ... | 2008 | 18190697 |
| multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in sri lanka. | the current status of insecticide resistance and the underlying resistance mechanisms were studied in the major vector of malaria, anopheles culicifacies, and the secondary vector, anopheles subpictus in five districts (anuradhapura, kurunegala, moneragala, puttalam and trincomalee) of sri lanka. eight other anophelines, anopheles annularis, anopheles barbirostris, anopheles jamesii, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles peditaeniatus, anopheles tessellatus, anopheles vagus and anopheles varuna from a ... | 2008 | 18755020 |
| prevalence of anopheline species and their plasmodium infection status in epidemic-prone border areas of bangladesh. | information related to malaria vectors is very limited in bangladesh. in the changing environment and various anopheles species may be incriminated and play role in the transmission cycle. this study was designed with an intention to identify anopheline species and possible malaria vectors in the border belt areas, where the malaria is endemic in bangladesh. | 2010 | 20074326 |
| cytogenetic map for anopheles nili: application for population genetics and comparative physical mapping. | anopheles nili is one of the major malaria vectors in africa with a wide geographic distribution. however, the taxonomic and population genetic studies on this species are scarce. new research tools are urgently needed to genetically characterize this important malaria vector. in this study, a high-resolution cytogenetic map was developed for an. nili polytene chromosomes. chromosomes were straightened and subdivided into 46 numbered divisions according to the banding pattern. population analysi ... | 2010 | 20603229 |
| simultaneous identification of the anopheles funestus group and anopheles longipalpis type c by pcr-rflp. | anopheles longipalpis is morphologically similar to the major african malaria vector anopheles funestus at the adult stage although it is very different at the larval stage. despite the development of the species-specific multiplex pcr assay for the an. funestus group, the genomic dna of anopheles longipalpis type c specimens can be amplified with the anopheles vaneedeni and anopheles parensis primers from this assay. the standard, species-specific an. funestus group pcr, results in the amplific ... | 2010 | 21054905 |
| malaria transmission and vector behaviour in a forested malaria focus in central vietnam and the implications for vector control. | in vietnam, malaria is becoming progressively restricted to specific foci where human and vector characteristics alter the known malaria epidemiology, urging for alternative or adapted control strategies. long-lasting insecticidal hammocks (llih) were designed and introduced in ninh thuan province, south-central vietnam, to control malaria in the specific context of forest malaria. an entomological study in this specific forested environment was conducted to assess the behavioural patterns of fo ... | 2010 | 21182774 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the asia-pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic precis. | abstract: background: the final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (dvs) of malaria is presented here. the first publication examined the dvs from the americas, with the second covering those species present in africa, europe and the middle east. here we discuss the 19 dvs of the asian-pacific region. this region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence ... | 2011 | 21612587 |
| field evaluation of picaridin repellents reveals differences in repellent sensitivity between southeast asian vectors of malaria and arboviruses. | scaling up of insecticide treated nets has contributed to a substantial malaria decline. however, some malaria vectors, and most arbovirus vectors, bite outdoors and in the early evening. therefore, topically applied insect repellents may provide crucial additional protection against mosquito-borne pathogens. among topical repellents, deet is the most commonly used, followed by others such as picaridin. the protective efficacy of two formulated picaridin repellents against mosquito bites, includ ... | 2014 | 25522134 |
| monitoring of malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis vectors. | vector monitoring in military stations would help in protecting the armed forces from vector borne diseases such as malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis. | 2013 | 24843200 |
| vector databank in the indian armed forces. | medical intelligence of disease vectors deals with understanding vector distribution and control. | 2011 | 27408077 |
| salinity-tolerant larvae of mosquito vectors in the tropical coast of jaffna, sri lanka and the effect of salinity on the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis to aedes aegypti larvae. | dengue, chikungunya, malaria, filariasis and japanese encephalitis are common mosquito-borne diseases endemic to sri lanka. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the major vectors of dengue, were recently shown to undergo pre-imaginal development in brackish water bodies in the island. a limited survey of selected coastal localities of the jaffna district in northern sri lanka was carried out to identify mosquito species undergoing pre-imaginal development in brackish and saline waters. the effect ... | 2012 | 23174003 |
| species composition and diversity of malaria vector breeding habitats in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | mosquito larval ecology is important in determining larval densities and species assemblage. this in turn influences malaria transmission in an area. therefore, understanding larval habitat ecology is important in designing malaria control programs. | 2015 | 26583136 |
| anopheles subpictus carry human malaria parasites in an urban area of western india and may facilitate perennial malaria transmission. | india contributes 1.5-2 million annual confirmed cases of malaria. since both parasites and vectors are evolving rapidly, updated information on parasite prevalence in mosquitoes is important for vector management and disease control. possible new vector-parasite interactions in goa, india were tested. | 2016 | 26919828 |
| anopheline species and their plasmodium infection status in aligarh, india. | malaria is a global issue and india contributes substantially to global malaria incidence. information related to malaria vectors is very limited in aligarh. the environmental and climatological situations permit the continual breeding of vectors in permanent breeding sites. this study was designed with the aim to screen all the anophelines species and possible malaria vectors in three different localities of aligarh. anopheles mosquitoes were collected from three different localities (fort, jal ... | 2015 | 27579016 |
| revised morphological identification key to the larval anopheline (diptera: culicidae) of sri lanka. | to revise morphological identification keys to the anophelines in sri lanka. | 0 | 25183086 |
| entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in western myanmar. | in a large cluster randomized control trial of insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) in western myanmar the malaria protective effect of itn was found to be highly variable and, in aggregate, the effect was not statistically significant. a coincident entomological investigation measured malaria vector abundance and biting behaviour and the human population sleeping habits, factors relevant to itn effectiveness. | 2013 | 24119994 |
| malaria in south asia: prevalence and control. | the "malaria evolution in south asia" (mesa) program project is an international center of excellence for malaria research (icemr) sponsored by the us national institutes of health. this us-india collaborative program will study the origin of genetic diversity of malaria parasites and their selection on the indian subcontinent. this knowledge should contribute to a better understanding of unexpected disease outbreaks and unpredictable disease presentations from plasmodium falciparum and plasmodi ... | 2012 | 22248528 |
| species composition and population dynamics of malaria vectors in three previously ignored aquatic systems in sri lanka. | in 2015 alone there were an estimated 214 million new cases of malaria across the globe and 438,000 deaths were reported. although indigenous malaria has not been reported in sri lanka since 2012, to date 247 imported cases of malaria have been identified. knowledge of the locations, behaviour and vectorial capacity of potential malarial vectors is therefore needed to prevent future outbreaks. attention is now being focused on some previously ignored habitats. | 2016 | 27165184 |
| determination of the foraging behaviour and blood meal source of malaria vector mosquitoes in trincomalee district of sri lanka using a multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay. | studies of host preference patterns in blood-feeding anopheline mosquitoes are crucial to incriminating malaria vectors. however, little information is available on host preferences of anopheles mosquitoes in sri lanka. | 2016 | 27118141 |
| evidence-based malaria control in timor leste from 2006 to 2012. | malaria has been a major public health problem in the newly established democratic republic of timor leste with over 200,000 cases being reported in 2006 and 2007. the national malaria control programme (nmcp) was established in 2003. the progress made in malaria control in timor leste is reported. | 2015 | 25890294 |
| entomological investigations on malaria vectors in some war-torn areas in the trincomalee district of sri lanka after settlement of 30-year civil disturbance. | background. malaria was an endemic problem in trincomalee district, eastern province of sri lanka. very few recent data concerning anopheles are available which transmit malaria. therefore, the aim of this study is to identify various anopheles species and the dynamics of anophelines including malaria vectors in trincomalee district for effective vector control under the current malaria elimination program embarked in the country. method. entomological surveys were conducted on a monthly basis, ... | 2015 | 25789195 |
| anopheles culicifacies breeding in polluted water bodies in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | anopheles culicifacies, the major vector of malaria in sri lanka, is known to breed in clean and clear water. the main objective of the study was to detect the breeding habitat diversity of an. culicifacies. | 2013 | 23958454 |
| host feeding patterns and preference of anopheles minimus (diptera: culicidae) in a malaria endemic area of western thailand: baseline site description. | host feeding patterns of anopheles minimus in relation to ambient environmental conditions were observed during a 2-year period at tum sua village, located in mae sot district, tak province, in western thailand, where an. minimus is found in abundance and regarded as the most predominant malaria vector species. detailed information on mosquito behavior is important for understanding the epidemiology of disease transmission and developing more effective and efficient vector control methods. | 2012 | 22676415 |
| evaluation of a pcr-rflp-its2 assay for discrimination of anopheles species in northern and western colombia. | anopheles mosquitoes are routinely identified using morphological characters of the female that often lead to misidentification due to interspecies similarity and intraspecies variability. the aim of this work was to evaluate the applicability of a previously developed pcr-rflp-its2 assay for accurate discrimination of anophelines in twelve localities spanning three colombian malaria epidemiological regions: atlantic coast, pacific coast, and uraba-bajo cauca-alto sinu region. the evaluation of ... | 2011 | 21345325 |
| the economic burden of malaria on the household in south-central vietnam. | each year, several thousand cases of malaria occur in south-central vietnam. evidence from elsewhere suggests that malaria can have an economic impact on the household as the illness prevents households from completing their normal, physically demanding, productive duties such as tending crops and animals. the economic impact of malaria on households was explored within the raglay ethnic minority living in the montainous and forested area of south-central vietnam (ninh thuan province). | 2008 | 18752675 |
| the insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the mekong region. | knowledge on insecticide resistance in target species is a basic requirement to guide insecticide use in malaria control programmes. malaria transmission in the mekong region is mainly concentrated in forested areas along the country borders, so that decisions on insecticide use should ideally be made at regional level. consequently, cross-country monitoring of insecticide resistance is indispensable to acquire comparable baseline data on insecticide resistance. | 2008 | 18534006 |
| determination of demographic, epidemiological, and socio-economic determinants and their potential impact on malaria transmission in mannar and trincomalee districts of sri lanka. | malaria was an endemic problem in mannar and trincomalee districts of sri lanka until the recent past. currently, no local case has been found since october 2012. therefore, the present study was conducted to identify existing demographic, epidemiological and socio-cultural factors in mannar and trincomalee districts of sri lanka, since there is limited information available on the potential influence of above variables responsible for low malaria transmission. | 2016 | 27334969 |
| characterization of imported malaria, the largest threat to sustained malaria elimination from sri lanka. | sri lanka has reached zero indigenous malaria cases in november 2012, two years before its targeted deadline for elimination. currently, the biggest threat to the elimination efforts are the risk of resurgence of malaria due to imported cases. this paper describes two clusters of imported malaria infections reported in 2013 and 2014, one among a group of pakistani asylum-seekers resident in sri lanka, and the other amongst local fishermen who returned from sierra leone. the two clusters studied ... | 2015 | 25902716 |
| a single-round multiplex pcr assay for the identification of anopheles minimus related species infected with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. | this study aimed to develop a single-round multiplex pcr method for the identification of anopheles minimus complex (an. minimus and anopheles harrisoni) and anopheles aconitus subgroup (an. aconitus and anopheles varuna), and for the simultaneous detection of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in these vectors. five primers were created for a single-round multiplex pcr assay to identify four anopheline mosquitoes combined with three plasmodium primers for the detection of p. falciparum ... | 2014 | 24239524 |
| seasonal abundance and distribution of anopheles larvae in a riparian malaria endemic area of western thailand. | three taxonomic groups of anopheles larvae were morphologically identified within the funestus group (minimus subgroup and aconitus subgroup) (75.63%), maculatus group (20.47%), and barbirostris group (0.57%) during a two-year period in conjunction with active malaria transmission in a village near the thai-myanmar border in kanchanaburi province, western thailand. the remaining 3.33% of anophelines collected were anopheles culicifacies (3.07%), anopheles philippinensis (0.17%), and anopheles va ... | 2012 | 23077839 |
| molecular characterization of anopheline (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of sri lanka. | genus anopheles is a major mosquito group of interest in sri lanka as it includes vectors of malaria and its members exist as species complexes. taxonomy of the group is mainly based on morphological features, which are not conclusive and can be easily erased while handling the specimens. a combined effort, using morphology and dna barcoding (using the markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) region, was made during the present study to recognize ... | 2017 | 28578667 |
| first record of anopheles stephensi in sri lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction. | the major malaria vector in sri lanka is reported to be anopheles culicifacies with anopheles subpictus, anopheles annularis, and anopheles varuna considered as potential vectors. the occurrence of anopheles stephensi, which is the key vector of urban malaria in india and the middle east, had never been reported from sri lanka. | 2017 | 28797253 |