| incrimination of anopheles aconitus donitz as a vector of epidemic malaria in bangladesh. | in 1989-91, post-monsoon epidemics of vivax malaria occurred in the central flood plain near dhaka. anopheles philippinensis, the usual vector in the paddy field habitat, was not present, but 1.4% of parous an. aconitus were infective. this is only the second time an. aconitus has been incriminated as a vector in bangladesh. we speculate that the surprising increase in lowland malaria may have been caused by environmental change that favored the survival of an. aconitus. | 1992 | 1298093 |
| chemical control on malaria vector anopheles aconitus in central java, indonesia. | | 1985 | 4023811 |
| observations on doubly resistant anopheles aconitus dönitz in java, indonesia, and on its amenability to treatment with malathion. | the development of resistance by a single vector population to the two main insecticides (ddt and dieldrin) used in malaria eradication programmes is as yet a comparatively rare event, but one of a potentially serious nature when it does occur.this paper describes the background of one such instance-double resistance by anopheles aconitus in java-and gives the results of observations made on this mosquito population, including its reaction to sprayed structures.judged on the basis of the mortali ... | 1965 | 5294991 |
| hybridization of anopheles minimus and anopheles aconitus (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | | 1982 | 7120308 |
| nocturnal indoor resting heights of the malaria vector anopheles aconitus and other anophelines (diptera: culicidae) in central java, indonesia. | | 1981 | 7299790 |
| seasonality of anopheles aconitus mosquitoes, a secondary vector of malaria, in an endemic village near the malaysia-thailand border. | | 1993 | 8147283 |
| metaphase karyotypes of anopheles of thailand and southeast asia: v. the myzomyia series, subgenus cellia (diptera:culicidae). | metaphase karyotypes of 9 species of the myzomyia series show intra- and interspecific differences based on quantitative variation and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in the sex chromosomes or the centromeric regions of the autosome pairs or both. anopheles jeyporiensis and anopheles aconitus each exhibit 4 forms of mitotic karyotypes, which may reflect interspecific differences within each taxon. the well-defined genetic species within the anopheles minimus and the anopheles culcif ... | 1996 | 8723265 |
| epidemic malaria in the menoreh hills of central java. | after more than 50 years of effective management, resurgent malaria threatens residents in the menoreh hills and the foothills of the dieng plateau of central java, indonesia. the dieng plateau dominates the highland center of central java. the steep menoreh hills, surrounded by rice paddy habitats, cover approximately 500 km2 with no peaks greater than 1,000 m. we studied epidemic malaria in purworejo district, one of the three districts containing the menoreh hills. between 1986 and 1995, the ... | 2002 | 12139222 |
| the development and trend of insecticide-resistance in anopheles aconitus doenitz and anopheles sundaicus rodenwaldt. | the spread of insecticide-resistance in the two main vectors of malaria in java, anopheles aconitus dönitz and a. sundaicus rodenwaldt, has been of concern to workers in the indonesian malaria eradication programme since ddt-resistance was first detected, in a. sundaicus, in 1954. the history of development of resistance in these two vectors has been summarized in this paper by assembling the available records in chronological order, thus facilitating reference.the picture which emerges is that ... | 1965 | 14310902 |
| pre- and postprandial mosquito resting behavior around cattle hosts. | spatial distribution of mosquitoes around a bovine host was studied in november 1997 in northern thailand (17 degrees 38'n. 99 degrees 23'e). forty bamboo stakes were arranged 1 m apart, in 4 rays of 10, around a cow tethered in an open field. all mosquitoes found resting on the stakes were collected by aspiration between 7:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m., sexed, and identified to species; and feeding status was categorized as fed or unfed. collections were repeated over 8 nights, with and without the ho ... | 2003 | 14524542 |
| biodiversity of mosquitoes in manipur state and their medical significance. | entomological studies conducted during monsoon and post-monsoon season in manipur state revealed the presence of fifty-five species of mosquitoes under ten genera. out of the seventeen anopheles species recorded, anopheles aconitus, an. dirus and an. nivipes were recorded for the first time from the state. the present study has confirmed the existence of an. dirus, the major malaria vector in the northeast from a selected area of the state. among culicines, four species viz., aedes nigrostriatus ... | 2005 | 16334293 |
| sequence analyses of three nuclear ribosomal loci and a mitochondrial locus in cytologically different forms of thai anopheles aconitus mosquitoes. | ribosomal dna (rdna) and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of anopheles aconitus mosquitoes were examined to investigate intra- and inter-species variation amongst the members of the minimus group of anopheles subgenus cellia. three rdna loci (its1, its2 and d3 regions) and a mtdna locus (cytochrome oxidase ii) were analyzed in an. aconitus form b and form c collected in chiang mai province, thailand. the results show that the consensus sequences of the four loci of the two forms are consistent with tho ... | 2005 | 16438141 |
| susceptibility of two karyotypic forms of anopheles aconitus (diptera: culicidae) to plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. | four laboratory-raised colonies of two karyotypic forms of anopheles aconitus, i.e., form b (chiang mai and phet buri strains) and c (chiang mai and mae hong son strains), were experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax using an artificial membrane feeding technique and dissected eight and 12 days after feeding for oocyst and sporozoite rates, respectively. the results revealed that an. aconitus form b and c were susceptible to p. falciparum and p. vivax, i.e., form b (chian ... | 2005 | 16553323 |
| evidence to support two conspecific cytological races on anopheles aconitus in thailand. | iso-female lines (isolines) of anopheles aconitus collected from mae hong son, phet buri, and chiang mai provinces were successfully identified to karyotypic forms. the results of identification revealed that an. aconitus form b (x1, x2, y2) was obtained from four and 48 isolines in phet buri and chiang mai provinces, respectively, and form c (x1, x2, y3) was recovered from three and 41 isolines in mae hong son and chiang mai provinces, respectively. when comparing band to band on the same arm o ... | 2005 | 16599155 |
| illustrated keys to the anopheline mosquitoes of myanmar. | in the newly revised and illustrated keys to 4th instar larvae and adult female mosquitoes, the following 36 anopheles species from myanmar are included: anopheles aconitus, an. aitkenii, an. annularis, an. argyropus, an. barbirostris, an. bengalensis, an. culicifacies, an. dirus, an. fluviatilis, an. gigas, an. insulaeflorum, an. jamesii, an. jeyporensis, an. karwari, an. kochi, an. kyondawensis, an. lindesayi, an. maculatus, an. majidi, an. minimus, an. nigerrimus, an. nitidus, an. pallidus, a ... | 2006 | 16859085 |
| the anopheles dirus complex: spatial distribution and environmental drivers. | the anopheles dirus complex includes efficient malaria vectors of the asian forested zone. studies suggest ecological and biological differences between the species of the complex but variations within species suggest possible environmental influences. behavioural variation might determine vector capacity and adaptation to changing environment. it is thus necessary to clarify the species distributions and the influences of environment on behavioural heterogeneity. | 2007 | 17341297 |
| environmental factors associated with spatial and temporal distribution of anopheles (diptera: culicidae) larvae in sukabumi, west java, indonesia. | a 12-mo ecological study of the spatial-temporal distribution of immature stages of anopheles species was conducted in sukabumi district, west java, indonesia. the study characterized 1,600 sites from a contiguous coastal and hill zone (0-800-m elevation) of which 64% contained anopheles larvae. principal component and multiple logistic regression analyses identified ecological parameters associated with presence of nine [anopheles aconitus doenitz, anopheles annularis van de wulp, anopheles bar ... | 2007 | 17695007 |
| distribution of anopheles in vietnam, with particular attention to malaria vectors of the anopheles minimus complex. | the distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in vietnam was examined, with a particular interest for the two sibling species of the anopheles minimus complex (cellia: myzomyia), an. minimus and anopheles harrisoni, respectively former species a and c. because the morphological identification of both sibling species is difficult and may lead to misidentifications, accurate data on their respective distribution are missing. this is of fundamental importance since the two species seem to exhibit diffe ... | 2008 | 18190697 |
| remotely-sensed land use patterns and the presence of anopheles larvae (diptera: culicidae) in sukabumi, west java, indonesia. | land use patterns and the occurrence of anopheles species larvae were studied in sukabumi district, west java, indonesia, from october 2004 to september 2005. two land use maps derived using remote sensing were used. one map derived from quickbird satellite images of 150 km2 of the simpenan and ciemas subdistricts (106 degrees 27' 53"-106 degrees 38' 38" e and 6 degrees 59' 59"-7 degrees 8' 46" s) in sukabumi and one using aster images covering 4,000 km2 of sukabumi district from 106 degrees 22' ... | 2008 | 18697304 |
| the susceptibility of anopheles lesteri to infection with korean strain of plasmodium vivax. | following its recent re-emergence, malaria has gained renewed attention as a serious infectious disease in korea. three species of the hyrcanusgroup, anopheles lesteri, anopheles sinensis and anopheles pullus, have long been suspected malaria vectors. however, opinions about their vector ability are controversial. the present study was designed with the aim of determining the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to a korean isolate of plasmodium vivax. also, an. sinensis is primarily suspected to ... | 2009 | 19284634 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of plasmodium falciparum in thailand, a low transmission country. | the population structure of the causative agents of human malaria, plasmodium sp., including the most serious agent plasmodium falciparum, depends on the local epidemiological and demographic situations, such as the incidence of infected people, the vector transmission intensity and migration of inhabitants (i.e. exchange between sites). analysing the structure of p. falciparum populations at a large scale, such as continents, or with markers that are subject to non-neutral selection, can lead t ... | 2009 | 19602241 |
| development of multiplex real-time pcr assays for identification of members of the anopheles funestus species group. | the malaria vector and non-vector species of the anopheles funestus group are morphologically very similar and accurate identification is required as part of effective control strategies. in the past, this has relied on morphological and cytogenetic methods but these have been largely superseded by a robust allele-specific pcr (as-pcr). one disadvantage of as-pcr is the requirement for post-pcr processing by gel electrophoresis of pcr products. in this study, three new high-throughput 'closed-tu ... | 2009 | 20003184 |
| prevalence of anopheline species and their plasmodium infection status in epidemic-prone border areas of bangladesh. | information related to malaria vectors is very limited in bangladesh. in the changing environment and various anopheles species may be incriminated and play role in the transmission cycle. this study was designed with an intention to identify anopheline species and possible malaria vectors in the border belt areas, where the malaria is endemic in bangladesh. | 2010 | 20074326 |
| malaria vectors of timor-leste. | the island of timor lies at the south-eastern edge of indonesia on the boundary of the oriental and australian faunal regions. the country of timor-leste, which occupies the eastern part of the island, is malarious, but anopheline faunal surveys and malaria vector incrimination date back to the 1960 s. over the last decade the malaria vectors of south-east asia and the south-west pacific have been intensely studied using molecular techniques that can confirm identification within complexes of is ... | 2010 | 20122278 |
| bionomics of anopheles spp. (diptera: culicidae) in a malaria endemic region of sukabumi, west java, indonesia. | a 15-month bionomic study of anopheles species was conducted in two ecologically distinct villages (coastal and upland) of sukabumi district, west java, indonesia from june 2006 to september 2007. mosquitoes were captured using human-landing collections at both sites. during the study, a total of 17,100 anopheles mosquitoes comprising 13 anopheles species were caught: 9,151 at the coastal site and 7,949 at the upland site. anopheles barbirostris, anopheles maculatus, and anopheles vagus were the ... | 2009 | 20836823 |
| vectors and malaria transmission in deforested, rural communities in north-central vietnam. | malaria is still prevalent in rural communities of central vietnam even though, due to deforestation, the primary vector anopheles dirus is uncommon. in these situations little is known about the secondary vectors which are responsible for maintaining transmission. basic information on the identification of the species in these rural communities is required so that transmission parameters, such as ecology, behaviour and vectorial status can be assigned to the appropriate species. | 2010 | 20846447 |
| persistent transmission of malaria in garo hills of meghalaya bordering bangladesh, north-east india. | malaria is endemic in garo hills of meghalaya, and death cases are reported annually. plasmodium falciparum is the major parasite, and is solely responsible for each malaria-attributable death case. garo hills are categorized high-risk for drug-resistant malaria; however, there exists no data on malaria transmitting mosquitoes prevalent in the region. included in this report are entomological observations with particular reference to vector biology characteristics for devising situation specific ... | 2010 | 20858290 |
| detection of 1014f kdr mutation in four major anopheline malaria vectors in indonesia. | malaria is a serious public health problem in indonesia, particularly in areas outside java and bali. the spread of resistance to the currently available anti-malarial drugs or insecticides used for mosquito control would cause an increase in malaria transmission. to better understand patterns of transmission and resistance in indonesia, an integrated mosquito survey was conducted in three areas with different malaria endemicities, purworejo in central java, south lampung district in sumatera an ... | 2010 | 21054903 |
| malaria transmission and vector behaviour in a forested malaria focus in central vietnam and the implications for vector control. | in vietnam, malaria is becoming progressively restricted to specific foci where human and vector characteristics alter the known malaria epidemiology, urging for alternative or adapted control strategies. long-lasting insecticidal hammocks (llih) were designed and introduced in ninh thuan province, south-central vietnam, to control malaria in the specific context of forest malaria. an entomological study in this specific forested environment was conducted to assess the behavioural patterns of fo ... | 2010 | 21182774 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the asia-pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic precis. | abstract: background: the final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (dvs) of malaria is presented here. the first publication examined the dvs from the americas, with the second covering those species present in africa, europe and the middle east. here we discuss the 19 dvs of the asian-pacific region. this region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence ... | 2011 | 21612587 |
| review of insecticide resistance and behavioral avoidance of vectors of human diseases in thailand. | physiological resistance and behavioral responses of mosquito vectors to insecticides are critical aspects of the chemical-based disease control equation. the complex interaction between lethal, sub-lethal and excitation/repellent ('excito-repellent') properties of chemicals is typically overlooked in vector management and control programs. the development of "physiological" resistance, metabolic and/or target site modifications, to insecticides has been well documented in many insect groups and ... | 2013 | 24294938 |
| comparative studies on the stenogamous and eurygamous behavior of eight anopheles species of the hyrcanus group (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | establishment of laboratory colony is essential for mosquito-borne-disease research. mating behavior of stenogamous anopheles peditaeniatus and seven eurygamous species (anopheles argyropus, anopheles crawfordi, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles nitidus, anopheles paraliae (=an. lesteri), anopheles pursati and anopheles sinensis), were investigated and compared in this study. the self-mating success of adult mosquitoes in different size cages at two density resting surface (drs) values, 3.6 and 7. ... | 2016 | 27023618 |
| field evaluation of picaridin repellents reveals differences in repellent sensitivity between southeast asian vectors of malaria and arboviruses. | scaling up of insecticide treated nets has contributed to a substantial malaria decline. however, some malaria vectors, and most arbovirus vectors, bite outdoors and in the early evening. therefore, topically applied insect repellents may provide crucial additional protection against mosquito-borne pathogens. among topical repellents, deet is the most commonly used, followed by others such as picaridin. the protective efficacy of two formulated picaridin repellents against mosquito bites, includ ... | 2014 | 25522134 |
| species composition, seasonal occurrence, habitat preference and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other disease vectors in eastern nepal. | it is increasingly recognized that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases (vbds) with shifts of disease vectors to higher altitudes and latitudes. in particular, an increasing risk of malaria and dengue fever epidemics in tropical highlands and temperate regions has been predicted in different climate change scenarios. the aim of this paper is to expand the current knowledge on the seasonal occurrence and altitudinal distribution of malaria and other dise ... | 2014 | 25430654 |
| genetic compatibility between anopheles lesteri from korea and anopheles paraliae from thailand. | to assess differentiation and relationships between anopheles lesteri and anopheles paraliae we established three and five iso-female lines of an. lesteri from korea and an. paraliae from thailand, respectively. these isolines were used to investigate the genetic relationships between the two taxa by crossing experiments and by comparing dna sequences of ribosomal dna second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and mitochondrial dna cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) and subunit ii (coii). resul ... | 0 | 23778670 |
| monitoring of malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis vectors. | vector monitoring in military stations would help in protecting the armed forces from vector borne diseases such as malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis. | 2013 | 24843200 |
| a video clip of the biting midge culicoides anophelis ingesting blood from an engorged anopheles mosquito in hainan, china. | biting midges are hematophagus ectoparasites of insects, humans and other animals. culicoides (trithicoides) anophelis edwards1922 is a predator of engorged mosquitoes. | 2013 | 24499575 |
| malaria control in nepal 1963-2012: challenges on the path towards elimination. | malaria is still a priority public health problem of nepal where about 84% of the population are at risk. the aim of this paper is to highlight the past and present malaria situation in this country and its challenges for long-term malaria elimination strategies. | 2014 | 24957851 |
| species composition and diversity of malaria vector breeding habitats in trincomalee district of sri lanka. | mosquito larval ecology is important in determining larval densities and species assemblage. this in turn influences malaria transmission in an area. therefore, understanding larval habitat ecology is important in designing malaria control programs. | 2015 | 26583136 |
| barrier screens: a method to sample blood-fed and host-seeking exophilic mosquitoes. | determining the proportion of blood meals on humans by outdoor-feeding and resting mosquitoes is challenging. this is largely due to the difficulty of finding an adequate and unbiased sample of resting, engorged mosquitoes to enable the identification of host blood meal sources. this is particularly difficult in the south-west pacific countries of indonesia, the solomon islands and papua new guinea where thick vegetation constitutes the primary resting sites for the exophilic mosquitoes that are ... | 2013 | 23379959 |
| revised morphological identification key to the larval anopheline (diptera: culicidae) of sri lanka. | to revise morphological identification keys to the anophelines in sri lanka. | 0 | 25183086 |
| entomological determinants of insecticide-treated bed net effectiveness in western myanmar. | in a large cluster randomized control trial of insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) in western myanmar the malaria protective effect of itn was found to be highly variable and, in aggregate, the effect was not statistically significant. a coincident entomological investigation measured malaria vector abundance and biting behaviour and the human population sleeping habits, factors relevant to itn effectiveness. | 2013 | 24119994 |
| absence of knockdown resistance suggests metabolic resistance in the main malaria vectors of the mekong region. | as insecticide resistance may jeopardize the successful malaria control programmes in the mekong region, a large investigation was previously conducted in the mekong countries to assess the susceptibility of the main malaria vectors against ddt and pyrethroid insecticides. it showed that the main vector, anopheles epiroticus, was highly pyrethroid-resistant in the mekong delta, whereas anopheles minimus sensu lato was pyrethroid-resistant in northern vietnam. anopheles dirus sensu stricto showed ... | 2009 | 19400943 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |
| mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids - a review. | constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. one of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) is the target of pyrethroids and ddt insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultur ... | 2014 | 25292318 |
| the polymorphism and the geographical distribution of the knockdown resistance (kdr) of anopheles sinensis in the republic of korea. | in the republic of korea (rok), six sibling species of the anopheles sinensis complex are considered the vector species of malaria, but data on their susceptibilities to malaria and vector capacities have been controversial. the intensive use of insecticides has contributed to the rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance in the an. sinensis complex. knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and ddt in the an. sinensis complex is associated with a mutation in codon 1014 of the volta ... | 2012 | 22554130 |
| insecticide resistance in areas under investigation by the international centers of excellence for malaria research: a challenge for malaria control and elimination. | scale-up of the main vector control interventions, residual insecticides sprayed on walls or structures and/or impregnated in bed nets, together with prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, have led to a global reduction in malaria transmission. however, resistance in vectors to almost all classes of insecticides, particularly to the synthetic pyrethroids, is posing a challenge to the recent trend of declining malaria. ten international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) locate ... | 2015 | 26259947 |
| 'nature or nurture': survival rate, oviposition interval, and possible gonotrophic discordance among south east asian anophelines. | mosquito survival, oviposition interval and gonotrophic concordance are important determinants of vectorial capacity. these may vary between species or within a single species depending on the environment. they may be estimated by examination of the ovaries of host-seeking mosquitoes. | 2016 | 27405767 |
| determination of the foraging behaviour and blood meal source of malaria vector mosquitoes in trincomalee district of sri lanka using a multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction assay. | studies of host preference patterns in blood-feeding anopheline mosquitoes are crucial to incriminating malaria vectors. however, little information is available on host preferences of anopheles mosquitoes in sri lanka. | 2016 | 27118141 |
| change of strategy is required for malaria elimination: a case study in purworejo district, central java province, indonesia. | malaria has been targeted for elimination from indonesia by 2030, with varying timelines for specific geographical areas based on disease endemicity. the regional deadline for malaria elimination for java island, given the steady decrease of malaria cases, was the end of 2015. purworejo district, a malaria-endemic area in java with an annual parasite incidence (api) of 0.05 per 1,000 population in 2009, aims to enter this elimination stage. this study documents factors that affect incidence and ... | 2015 | 26275822 |
| evidence-based malaria control in timor leste from 2006 to 2012. | malaria has been a major public health problem in the newly established democratic republic of timor leste with over 200,000 cases being reported in 2006 and 2007. the national malaria control programme (nmcp) was established in 2003. the progress made in malaria control in timor leste is reported. | 2015 | 25890294 |
| entomological investigations on malaria vectors in some war-torn areas in the trincomalee district of sri lanka after settlement of 30-year civil disturbance. | background. malaria was an endemic problem in trincomalee district, eastern province of sri lanka. very few recent data concerning anopheles are available which transmit malaria. therefore, the aim of this study is to identify various anopheles species and the dynamics of anophelines including malaria vectors in trincomalee district for effective vector control under the current malaria elimination program embarked in the country. method. entomological surveys were conducted on a monthly basis, ... | 2015 | 25789195 |
| impact of a spatial repellent on malaria incidence in two villages in sumba, indonesia. | a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effect of spatial repellent (sr) in households at risk of malaria in indonesia. following presumptive radical cure for malaria in 180 adult men representing sentinels of new infection in four clusters within two villages, all households were given either metofluthrin or placebo mosquito coils. weekly blood smear screening and human-landing mosquito catches were done throughout the 6 months intervention. malaria i ... | 2014 | 25311699 |
| early malaria resurgence in pre-elimination areas in kokap subdistrict, kulon progo, indonesia. | indonesia is among those countries committed to malaria eradication, with a continuously decreasing incidence of malaria. however, at district level the situation is different. this study presents a case of malaria resurgence kokap subdistrict of the kulon progo district in yogyakarta province, java after five years of low endemicity. this study also aims to describe the community perceptions and health services delivery situation that contribute to this case. | 2014 | 24684702 |
| outdoor malaria transmission in forested villages of cambodia. | despite progress in malaria control, malaria remains an important public health concern in cambodia, mostly linked to forested areas. large-scale vector control interventions in cambodia are based on the free distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), targeting indoor- and late-biting malaria vectors only. the present study evaluated the vector density, early biting activity and malaria transmission of outdoor-biting malaria vectors in two forested regions in cambodia. | 2013 | 24044424 |
| progress towards malaria elimination in sabang municipality, aceh, indonesia. | indonesia has set 2030 as its deadline for elimination of malaria transmission in the archipelago, with regional deadlines established according to present levels of malaria endemicity and strength of health infrastructure. the municipality of sabang which historically had one of the highest levels of malaria in aceh province aims to achieve elimination by the end of 2013. | 2013 | 23363768 |
| host feeding patterns and preference of anopheles minimus (diptera: culicidae) in a malaria endemic area of western thailand: baseline site description. | host feeding patterns of anopheles minimus in relation to ambient environmental conditions were observed during a 2-year period at tum sua village, located in mae sot district, tak province, in western thailand, where an. minimus is found in abundance and regarded as the most predominant malaria vector species. detailed information on mosquito behavior is important for understanding the epidemiology of disease transmission and developing more effective and efficient vector control methods. | 2012 | 22676415 |
| a global map of dominant malaria vectors. | global maps, in particular those based on vector distributions, have long been used to help visualise the global extent of malaria. few, however, have been created with the support of a comprehensive and extensive evidence-based approach. | 2012 | 22475528 |
| existence of the rdl mutant alleles among the anopheles malaria vector in indonesia. | the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor-chloride channel complex is known to be the target site of dieldrin, a cyclodiene insecticide. gaba-receptors, with a naturally occurring amino acid substitution, a302s/g in the putative ion-channel lining region, confer resistance to cyclodiene insecticides that includes aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor, endrin and endosulphan. | 2012 | 22364613 |
| relationships between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in west timor and java, indonesia. | malaria is a serious health issue in indonesia. mosquito control is one aspect of an integrated malaria management programme. to focus resources on priority areas, information is needed about the vectors and their habitats. this research aimed to identify the relationship between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in west timor and java. | 2010 | 20796265 |
| insecticide substitutes for ddt to control mosquitoes may be causes of several diseases. | malaria continues to be a public health problem in bangladesh, despite efforts in the 1960s to eradicate the vectors through the use of ddt. at one point, eradication of malaria was acclaimed but later on it reappeared. the use of ddt is no more legally allowed in bangladesh, which has been officially replaced by a number organophosphates and/or synthetic pyrethroids and their combinations in addition to the integrated vector management (ivm) package. ivm being a community approach is still to g ... | 2012 | 22956113 |
| the vector population monitoring tool (vpmt): high-throughput dna-based diagnostics for the monitoring of mosquito vector populations. | regular monitoring of mosquito vector populations is an integral component of most vector control programmes. contemporary data on mosquito species composition, infection status, and resistance to insecticides are a prerequisite for effective intervention. for this purpose we, with funding from the innovative vector control consortium (ivcc), have developed a suite of high-throughput assays based on a single "closed-tube" platform that collectively comprise the "vector population monitoring tool ... | 2010 | 22347668 |
| the insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the mekong region. | knowledge on insecticide resistance in target species is a basic requirement to guide insecticide use in malaria control programmes. malaria transmission in the mekong region is mainly concentrated in forested areas along the country borders, so that decisions on insecticide use should ideally be made at regional level. consequently, cross-country monitoring of insecticide resistance is indispensable to acquire comparable baseline data on insecticide resistance. | 2008 | 18534006 |
| evaluation of the mtdna-coii region based species specific assay for identifying members of the anopheles culicifacies species complex. | anopheles culicifacies, a major malarial vector has been recognized as a complex of five sibling species, a, b, c, d and e. these sibling species exhibit varied vectorial capacity, host specificity and susceptibility to malarial parasites/ insecticides. in this study, a pcr assay developed earlier for distinguishing the five individual species was validated on samples of an. culicifacies collected from various parts of india. | 2013 | 24409441 |
| living on the edge: a longitudinal study of anopheles funestus in an isolated area of mozambique. | understanding the survival strategies of malaria vectors at the edges of their distribution, where they are under stress from environmental conditions, may lead to the development of novel control techniques and may help predict the effects of climate change on these mosquitoes. | 2013 | 23773359 |
| its-2 secondary structures and phylogeny of anopheles culicifacies species. | second internal transcribed spacer (its2) has proven to contain useful biological information at higher taxonomic levels. | 2008 | 18841242 |
| is there an efficient trap or collection method for sampling anopheles darlingi and other malaria vectors that can describe the essential parameters affecting transmission dynamics as effectively as human landing catches? - a review. | distribution, abundance, feeding behaviour, host preference, parity status and human-biting and infection rates are among the medical entomological parameters evaluated when determining the vector capacity of mosquito species. to evaluate these parameters, mosquitoes must be collected using an appropriate method. malaria is primarily transmitted by anthropophilic and synanthropic anophelines. thus, collection methods must result in the identification of the anthropophilic species and efficiently ... | 0 | 25185008 |
| population genetics of the malaria vector anopheles aconitus in china and southeast asia. | anopheles aconitus is a well-known vector of malaria and is broadly distributed in the oriental region, yet there is no information on its population genetic characteristics. in this study, the genetic differentiation among populations was examined using 140 mtdna coii sequences from 21 sites throughout southern china, myanmar, vietnam, thailand, laos and sri lanka. the population in sri lanka has characteristic rdna d3 and its2, mtdna coii and nd5 haplotypes, and may be considered a distinct su ... | 2012 | 22982161 |
| molecular evidence for historical presence of knock-down resistance in anopheles albimanus, a key malaria vector in latin america. | anopheles albimanus is a key malaria vector in the northern neotropics. current vector control measures in the region are based on mass distributions of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and focal indoor residual spraying (irs) with pyrethroids. resistance to pyrethroid insecticides can be mediated by increased esterase and/or multi-function oxidase activity and/or mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. the aim of this work was to characterize the homologous kdr region of the v ... | 2013 | 24330978 |
| isolation of bacillus sphaericus from lombok island, indonesia, and their toxicity against anopheles aconitus. | malaria is endemic to lombok island, indonesia. one approach to suppress malaria spread is to eliminate anopheline larvae in their habitat and the environmentally safe agent is bacteria, that is, bacillus sphaericus. however, there is no information regarding local isolate of b. sphaericus that is toxic to mosquito larvae from lombok. the aims of the study were to isolate b. sphaericus from soil in areas close to beach surrounding lombok island and to test their toxicity against 3rd instar anoph ... | 2015 | 26788061 |
| a single-round multiplex pcr assay for the identification of anopheles minimus related species infected with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. | this study aimed to develop a single-round multiplex pcr method for the identification of anopheles minimus complex (an. minimus and anopheles harrisoni) and anopheles aconitus subgroup (an. aconitus and anopheles varuna), and for the simultaneous detection of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in these vectors. five primers were created for a single-round multiplex pcr assay to identify four anopheline mosquitoes combined with three plasmodium primers for the detection of p. falciparum ... | 2014 | 24239524 |
| seasonal abundance and distribution of anopheles larvae in a riparian malaria endemic area of western thailand. | three taxonomic groups of anopheles larvae were morphologically identified within the funestus group (minimus subgroup and aconitus subgroup) (75.63%), maculatus group (20.47%), and barbirostris group (0.57%) during a two-year period in conjunction with active malaria transmission in a village near the thai-myanmar border in kanchanaburi province, western thailand. the remaining 3.33% of anophelines collected were anopheles culicifacies (3.07%), anopheles philippinensis (0.17%), and anopheles va ... | 2012 | 23077839 |
| comparative morphometry and morphology of anopheles aconitus form b and c eggs under scanning electron microscope. | comparative morphometric and morphological studies of eggs under scanning electron microscope (sem) were undertaken in the three strains of two karyotypic forms of anopheles aconitus, i.e., form b (chiang mai and phet buri strains) and form c (chiang mai and mae hong son strains). morphometric examination revealed the intraspecific variation with respect to the float width [36.77 +/- 2.30 microm (form c: chiang mai strain) = 38.49 +/- 2.78 microm (form b: chiang mai strain) = 39.06 +/- 2.37 micr ... | 2006 | 15517028 |
| salivary gland chromosome map of anopheles aconitus donitz (diptera:culicidae). | a standard map for the salivary gland chromosome banding pattern of anopheles (cellia) aconitus has been compiled. the banding arrangement of the species has been compared with that in another member of the myzomyia group, anopheles fluviatilis. whereas the homologies of the x-chromosomes have the least correspondence, the 2r and 2l chromosomes have been found to have the closest correspondence of bands in the two species. | 1980 | 7191363 |
| anopheles aconitus and ddt spraying. | | 1949 | 15393603 |
| molecular characterization of anopheline (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from eight geographical locations of sri lanka. | genus anopheles is a major mosquito group of interest in sri lanka as it includes vectors of malaria and its members exist as species complexes. taxonomy of the group is mainly based on morphological features, which are not conclusive and can be easily erased while handling the specimens. a combined effort, using morphology and dna barcoding (using the markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) region, was made during the present study to recognize ... | 2017 | 28578667 |