| a comparative study of the respiratory properties of bird blood. | oxygen affinity and bohr effect have been measured in the blood of four bird species (chicken, pigeon, japanese quail and sparrow). under physiological conditions (41 c, ph 7.5, pco2 approximately 35 torr) the oxygen half saturation pressure p50 are 50 torr for the chickens, 38 torr for the pigeon, 43 torr for the japanese quail and 44 torr for the sparrow. values for the physiological bohr factors deltalogp50/deltaph are similar to those obtained in mammalian blood ranging from -0.57 in chicken ... | 1977 | 24868 |
| physico-chemical properties of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv-2) grown on dbt cell culture. | some properties of a strain of mouse hepatitis virus, mhv-2, grown on dbt cells were determined using a plaque assay on the cells. viral growth was not inhibited by the presence of actinomycin d or 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. mhv-2 was completely inactivated by ether, chloroform, sodium deoxycholate or beta-propiolactone, but showed a moderate resistance to trypsin. heating at 56 c for 30 min did not completely abolish the virus infectivity. the virus was stable after heating at 50 c for 15 min in 1m ... | 1978 | 30881 |
| avian retrovirus-induced surface antigens and their cross-reactivity with chemically-transformed cells and primary embryonic cells of japanese quails. | by testing spleen cells from avian leukosis (alv) and avian sarcoma virus (asv)-injected japanese quails in a microcytotoxicity assay against various target cells, we have demonstrated the existence of several target antigens. with non-transformed alv-infected japanese quail cells used as target cells, an avian retrovirus subgroup-specific destruction was obtained when spleen cells from animals infected with either avaian sarcoma or leukosis virus of the same subgroup were employed. this reactio ... | 1977 | 72738 |
| evidence for multiple cell surface chicken fetal-leukemic antigens (cfa) in the developing chick and other avian species. | chicken fetal antigen (cfa), a membrane antigen present on fetal chicken red blood cells is lost with chicken development, and reappears on the red blood cells of leukemic chickens. seven avian species were found to possess cfa. a species hierarchy comparing the quantitative expression of cfa has been established. the levels of cfa expression with development are compared in the chicken and japanese quail. specific adsorptions of r-anti-cfa with avian red blood cells revealed the existence of mu ... | 1977 | 72784 |
| genetic regulation of cfa expression in interspecific avian hybrids and somatic cell hybrids. | chicken fetal-leukemic antigen (cfa) is an oncodevelopmental antigen present on embryonic and neonatal chicken peripheral red blood cells (rbcs) but is not restricted to fetal stages of development in other avian species. crosses between white leghorn chickens and japanese quail resulted in adult hybrids whose peripheral rbcs were positive for cfa. of the four cfa determinants normally found in adult quail rbcs, only two were present on quail-chicken hybrid rbcs. adult quail--chicken hybrid rbcs ... | 1979 | 94262 |
| [the effect of proteins from tannery wastes on body proteins in birds]. | the effect of 7.0% and 3.5% proportion of lime protein, produced according to the patent csp 133.077, in the diet was studied under laboratory conditions, as exerted on the growth rate of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and on the level of serum proteins and keratins in the feathers of these birds. the second generation of quail fed this diet showed an improvement of growth at the final stage and significant internal changes in the protein spectrum of the blood serum. electrophoresis ... | 1978 | 96565 |
| serum t3 and t4 concentrations of japanese quail treated with thyrotropin-releasing hormone. | | 1978 | 108179 |
| [ultradian (between 5 and 70 minutes) respiratory (vo2, vco2) rhythms of 4 small vertebrates used in biomedical research]. | four laboratory vertebrate species with a predominant activity, either diurnal (coturnix coturnix japonica), nocturnal (rattus norvegicus, mus musculus), or equivocal (cavia porcellus), present, in usual housing conditions (temperature 20 degrees c, hygrometry 60-70%, acoustical background 70 db, ld12:12 lighting l = 150 lx), food and water ad libitum, ultradian respiratory (vo2, vco2) rhythms of short periods. the frequencies of these rhythms are independent of food intake and activity variatio ... | 1979 | 118819 |
| animal models for an integrated approach to the pharmacologic control of atherosclerosis. | a system of animal models potentially useful for the discovery and evaluation of new effective antiatherosclerotic agents is described. the models consist of a series of lipoprotein and atherosclerosis assays in rats, sea japanese quail and cynomolgus monkeys. sea quail are particularly useful for detecting compounds that inhibit arterial cholesterol deposition. the use of this integrated system of models is illustrated with data on clofibrate, adamantyloxyaniline (a hypobetalipoproteinemic agen ... | 1979 | 120168 |
| pathogenic and serologic studies of japanese quail infected with jm strain of marek's disease herpesvirus. | japanese quail were inoculated with marek's disease herpesvirus at 1 day of age, and a second group of the same age was infected by contact with inoculated quail. a third group raised in our laboratory as a source of hatching eggs was accidentally infected with marek's disease (md). all quail were observed and examined for periods up to 360 days; the usual clinical signs of md were not observed. however, the birds were susceptible to md infection because of the evidence that: 1) the md-specific ... | 1975 | 164560 |
| genetic susceptibility of chicken times quail hybrid embryos to avian rna tumour viruses. | an attempt was made to hybridize the chicken (gallus domesticus) male with japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) female in order to study the genetic susceptibility of hybrid embryos to avian rna tumour viruses of subgroups, a, b, d and e. in the hybrids the results supported the prevailing concept that susceptibility is dominant over resistance regardless of the dominant trait contributed by either parent. it was also observed that the ie gene of the chicken was unable to suppress the 'qu ... | 1975 | 169318 |
| initial expression of the genes for fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, malic enzyme, and aspartate aminotransferase in japanese quail and chicken--quail hybrid embryos. | the initial appearance of a number of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis was investigated in the early embryogenesis of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), the domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus), and chicken-quail hybrids. starch gel electrophoresis and enzyme-specific stains revealed genetic differences between muscle and liver fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (fdpase) as well as malic enzyme (me) and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (aat) isozymes of the two species. m ... | 1975 | 170909 |
| responses of isolator-derived japanese quail and quail cell cultures to selected animal viruses. | thirteen oncogenic and necrotizing animal viruses were assayed in life sciences, inc. (lsi)-specific pathogen-free japanese quail and lsi-specific pathogen-free chicken embryo cell cultures. nine viruses produced similar titers in the quail and chicken cell systems, whereas four viruses showed significantly higher titers in chickens. young japanese quail and chickens were inoculated with five selected avain viruses and maintained in stainless-steel isolators. comparable responses were noted in q ... | 1975 | 172527 |
| homology between avian oncornavirus rnas and dna from several avian species. | 3h-labeled 35s rna from avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), rous associated virus (rav)-0, rav-60, rav-61, rav-2, or b-77(w) was hybridized with an excess of cellular dna from different avian species, i.e., normal or leukemic chickens, normal pheasants, turkeys, japanese quails, or ducks. approximately two to three copies of endogenous viral dna were estimated to be present per diploid of normal chicken cell genome. in leukemic chicken myeloblasts induced by amv, the number of viral sequences appe ... | 1975 | 172655 |
| histopathological observations of spontaneous regression of rous sarcomas in japanese quails. | turmors induced in japanese quails by the schmidt-ruppin strain of rous sarcoma virus were examined histopathologically. the following three phases were recognized in the quails whose tumors regressed finally (regressor). phase i was between days 4 and 7 of virus inoculation, when growth of tumor cells was seen with predominant infiltration of heterophils. phase ii, from days 10 to 14, was characterized by necrosis of tumor cells and focal accumulation of lymphoid cells which frequently formed f ... | 1975 | 172678 |
| a lymphoproliferative disease in japanese quail. | a naturally occurring lymphoproliferative disease was found in 3 flocks of japanese quail in mexico. the tumorlike lesions were detected mainly in livers and spleens. histopathology revealed a pleomorphic lymphoproliferative infiltration with dark-staining large cells, lymphocytes of different sizes, and reticulumlike cells. marek's disease (md) herpesvirus was not isolated from 74 quail tested, nor were antibodies to md detected in 84 sera. antibodies to reticuloendotheliosis (3/24) and avain l ... | 1976 | 176987 |
| viral glycoprotein synthesis studies in an established line of japanese quail embryo cells infected with the bryan high-titer strain of rous sarcoma virus. | although a glycoprotein with an approximate molecular weight of 43,000 is associated with purified virions of the bryan high-titer strain of rous sarcoma virus propagated on r(-)q cells, these virions lack gp85, the major glycoprotein of the avian tumor virus envelope. as measured by immune precipitation with a specific antiserum, gp85 does not accumulate to detectable levels in r(-)q cells. | 1976 | 178892 |
| characterization of an early cytotoxicity-inducing factor in sera of japanese quails after inoculation with rous sarcoma virus. | by pre-treatment with serum of normal spleen cells used in the microcytotoxicity assay, a humoral factor which induces cytotoxic activity in normal spleen cells was demonstrated in about 40% of sera of japanese quails as early as 3 days after inoculation with rous sarcoma virus (rsv). this cytotoxicity-inducing activity was not present either in the igm or the igg fraction obtained by sephadex gel filtration. in sera of quails with experimentally induced agammaglobulinemia, the cytotoxicity-indu ... | 1976 | 179959 |
| a transovarian transmission study of marek's disease in japanese quail. | experiments were conducted to determine if transovarian transmission of the jm strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) occurs in japanese quail. in one experiment, parent quail were infected with mdv when one-day-old; in another experiment, parent quail were infected when seven weeks old. no precipitating antigen or cytopathic or infective agent was isolated from the egg yolks, embryos, newly hatched quail, or progeny quail of the infected parents. during the eight weeks observation period, the pr ... | 1975 | 180501 |
| marek's disease in japanese quail -- a pathological, virological and serological study. | experimental studies were performed to see whether japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) are susceptible to jm strain of marek's disease virus (mdv). in three identical trials, a total of 120, one-day-old quail were inoculated intra-abdominally with 0.2 ml. of chicken blood infected with mdv (jm strain) and raised in fapp isolators. uninfected controls were inoculated with normal saline only and raised separately. during the 18-week post infection observation period, 65-80% of the infecte ... | 1975 | 180503 |
| calcium-binding protein and calcium absorption in the laying quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | a vitamin d3-dependent calcium-binding protein (cabp) has been found in the intestinal mucosa of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). this protein is similar, if not identical to that of the chick (gallus domesticus). a similar protein fraction appears also in uterine mucosa of laying quail. both intestinal and uterine cabp levels are higher in laying than in non-laying quails. uterine cabp was higher during egg shell formation than during uterine inactivity. the slight corresponding dif ... | 1976 | 180508 |
| spontaneous tumor regression: possible relationship to in vitro parameters of tumor immunity. | evidence is discussed from three animal systems (shope papillomas in rabbits, moloney sarcomas in mice, schmidt-ruppin-rous sarcomas in japanese quail) that immune reactions can be important in spontaneous tumor regression. in vitro studies performed in these systems indicate that blocking serum factors can thwart cell-mediated immune responses and that "unblocking" antibodies are often found in animals whose tumors have regressed. to what extent spontaneous regressions of human neoplasms are du ... | 1976 | 193017 |
| continuous tissue culture cell lines derived from chemically induced tumors of japanese quail. | several continuous tissue culture cell lines were established from methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas of japanese quail. the lines consist either of fibroblastic elements, round refractile cells or polygonal cells. they show transformed characteristics in agar colony formation and hexose uptake, and most are tumorigenic. their cloning efficiency in plastic dishes is not increased over that of normal quail embryo fibroblasts. the quail tumor cell lines do not produce endogenous avian oncovi ... | 1977 | 194709 |
| analysis of precursors to the envelope glycoproteins of avian rna tumor viruses in chicken and quail cells. | immune precipitation with monospecific antiserum was employed to study the intracellular synthesis of viral glycoproteins gp85 and gp37. labeled gp85 and gp37 were detected from lysates of cells transformed with rous sacroma virus, strain b77, after long-term labeling with radioactive glucosamine or phenylalanine. immune precipitates prepared from lysates of cells pulse-labeled for a short time resulted in a glycoprotein of 92,000 molecular weight (gp92). this precursor was stable in b77-transfo ... | 1977 | 195080 |
| changes in phosphatidylinositol metabolism correlated to growth state of normal and rous sarcoma virus-transformed japanese quail cells. | second-passage japanese quail embryo cell cultures, normal or quantitatively transformed by rous sarcoma virus, were investigated for phospholipid composition and metabolism. cells cultivated at low and high population density as well as in the presence or absence of serum, have been compared by chemical analysis and in pulse-chase experiments. no differences in the lipid compositions between the normal and the tumor cells or between cells under different culture conditions were detected. in no ... | 1977 | 195714 |
| [sensitivity of japanese quail, embryos and embryonal tissue culture to infection with several avian viruses]. | the sensitivity of the biological system japanese quail-embryo-quail fibroblast cultures to some common fowl viruses (newcastle disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis and infectious bronchitis viruses) was studied. japanese quails, their embryos and embryo cell cultures were found to be sensitive to newcastle disease virus infection. the virus reproduction was accompanied by death of embryos and destruction of cell culture. japanese quails are sensitive to infectious laryngotracheitis virus ... | 1977 | 198966 |
| effects of dexamethasone on the morphogenesis of two mutants of rous sarcoma virus. | japanese quail cells transformed by the replication-defective, bryan high-titer strain of rous sarcoma virus, bh rsv(-)q, clone 3, revealed intracytoplasmic a-type particles after dexamethasone treatment. in the absence of dexamethasone, or when superinfected with a helper virus in the presence or absence of dexamethasone, no such particles were observed. chick embryo cells (cec) infected with a temperature-sensitive sarcoma virus mutant, la 334, coordinately defective for transformation and vir ... | 1978 | 204599 |
| lysis of rsv-transformed japanese quail cells by a factor from normal quail serum. | normal sera of japanese quails caused lysis of tumor cells from a rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-induced quail tumor (qt cells). other tumor cell lines, including rsv-transformed quail embryo cells and methylcholanthrene-induced quail tumors, were not lysed. this naturally occurring cytolytic factor (nclf) was sensitive to heating at 56 degrees c, zymosan, and inulin, and it required magnesium but not calcium for the expression of its activity. these results suggested that nclf activity was mediated b ... | 1978 | 207650 |
| rous sarcoma virus-transformed avian cells express four different cell surface antigens that are distinguishable by a cell-mediated cytotoxicity-blocking test. | japanese quails bearing avian sarcoma virus-induced tumors develop immune spleen cells that are cytotoxic in vitro against virally and chemically transformed cells, as well as against embryonic cells. the cell-mediated cytotoxicity can be blocked by soluble antigens extracted from in vitro cultured cells. the existence of partial as well as total blocking effects in tests with extracts from various transformed and untransformed virus-producing cells makes it possible to distinguish up to four di ... | 1978 | 207774 |
| env gene of chicken rna tumor viruses: extent of conservation in cellular and viral genomes. | the env gene of avian sarcoma-leukosis viruses codes for envelope glycoproteins that determine viral host range, antigenic specificity, and interference patterns. we used molecular hybridization to analyze the natural distribution and possible origins of the nucleotide sequences that encode env; our work exploited the availability of radioactive dna (cdna(gp)) complementary to most or all of env. env sequences were detectable in the dnas of chickens which synthesized an env gene product (chick h ... | 1978 | 212576 |
| assays for endogenous and exogenous lymphoid leukosis viruses and chick helper factor with rsv(--) cell lines. | japanese quail cells transformed by the envelope-defective bryan high-titer strain of rous sarcoma virus [r(-)q] were used as a source of the rous sarcoma virus genome in three kinds of assays. (i) the simplest and most sensitive assay for infectious, endogenous viruses of the chicken belonging to subgroup e involved infection of a mixture of r(-)q cells and turkey cells with the sample and assay of supernatants of these cells for focus formation on subgroup e susceptible cells. (ii) inactivated ... | 1979 | 222685 |
| continuous lines of rsv-transformed embryo cells and peritoneal macrophages of japanese quails. | four continuous lines of rsv-transformed quail cells were established; qerc-31f and qerc-31n cells derived from quail embryo cells and perp and pery cells from adult quail peritoneal macrophages. marked morphological difference was noted between qerc-31f and qerc-31n; the former showed fusiform shape and the latter nodular shape. both perp and pery showed macrophage-like morphology with phagocytic capacity. all four cell lines contained gs antigen and gp 85. production of transforming virus was ... | 1979 | 224231 |
| the distribution of endogenous chicken retrovirus sequences in the dna of galliform birds does not coincide with avian phylogenetic relationships. | the chicken is a domesticated form of red jungle-fowl (gallus gallus), which belongs to the pheasant family (phasianidae) within the order galliformes. domestic chickens carry the genome of the endogenous retrovirus rav-o as dna sequences integrated into host chromosomes transmitted through the germ line. we have examined the presence and distribution of rav-o-related sequences in the dna of red junglefowl and other closely related species of junglefowl, as well as more distantly related pheasan ... | 1979 | 225036 |
| [susceptibility of japanese quail cells to virus infections in vitro and in vivo]. | | 1979 | 225762 |
| chromosome 1 contains the endogenous rav-0 retrovirus sequences in chicken cells. | we have developed a structurally unique probe which can be used to determine the chromosomal location of nonreiterated genes in vertebrate organisms by the method of in situ hybridization. the probe consists of several specific rna molecules attached by means of poly(a) . poly(brdurd) hybrids to 125i-labeled dna of high molecular weight. the probe can be synthesized with a variety of rna molecules, giving it versatility for detecting a variety of genes irrespective of gene size, copy frequency, ... | 1979 | 230512 |
| transmission of an australian strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus to adult japanese quail. | | 1979 | 231962 |
| involvement of cholecalciferol metabolism in birds in the adaptation of calcium absorption to the needs during reproduction. | 1. the metabolism of calcium and cholecalciferol in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and chicken (gallus domesticus) during maturation was correlated to gonadal activity and plasma oestrogen levels. 2. birds with undeveloped ovaries (immature), developed ovaries but not laying (mature), and after laying 3-8 eggs (laying), were used in the first series. 3. birds in which egg production had been arrested by nicarbazin, were used in the second series. 4. plasma 17 beta-oestradiol and calcium were ... | 1978 | 233778 |
| tracing of cells of the avian thymus through embryonic life in interspecific chimeras. | differences in the structure of the interphase nucleus between two species of birds, the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and the chick (gallus gallus) has been used to distinguish cells from different origins in interspecies combinations. this biological cell marking technique was applied to thymus histogenesis. using various combinations between components of quail and chick thymic rudiments, the respective contribution of endodermal epithelium, mesenchyme, and blood-borne extrinsic ... | 1975 | 239088 |
| homology of single copy and repeated sequences in chicken, duck, japanese quail, and ostrich dna. | the extent of reassociation of 3h-labeled repetitive or single copy dna sequences from the chicken with excess unlabeled dna from the duck, the japanese quail, and the ostrich, respectively, was measured by hydroxylapatite chromatography. chicken repetitive dna reassociated to an equal or greater extent than chicken single copy dna with the dna of each of the other birds. using an isolated subfraction of chicken repetitive dna representing those dna sequences common to the chicken and ostrich ge ... | 1978 | 310314 |
| comparative chemical studies on the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) egg ovalbumin. | 1. three components of quail ovalbumin were fractionated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. 2. these were a1, a2, and a3, of which the major is a2. they contained phosphorus of 3, 2 and 1 residues, respectively. 3. the amino acid composition were higher in lys, asp, ser, thr and gly, and lower in arg, glu and ile than chicken ovalbumin. 4. the carbohydrate compositions were slightly higher in hexose and lower in hexosamine than chicken ovalbumin. 5. the molecular weight was deter ... | 1978 | 318336 |
| effects on gonadal function by lesioning tanycytes in the median eminence of the rat and japanese quail. | the ependymal linings of the median eminence were destroyed by electric cautery or intraventricular injection of picric acid in the rat and japanese quail. in these animals the ventricular lumen near the median eminence disappeared due to adhesion of lesioned walls on both sides of the third ventricle. electric lesions of the ependymal layer containing tanycytes did not induce appreciable disturbance in the estrous cycles. rats in which tanycytes were lesioned by picric acid displayed 4-day estr ... | 1977 | 321123 |
| [study of the properties of a tissue smallpox vaccine manufactured by the moscow research institute of viral preparations]. | the tissue culture vaccine against smallpox has some important advantages over the dermal preparation: it is free from bacterial contamination, contains no serum proteins, and suitable for intradermal inoculation with jet injections. the virus for the tissue culture smallpox vaccine is grown in japanese quail embryo cultures controlled for the absence of contaminating viruses. in trials of the tissue culture smallpox vaccine in 800 revaccinated volunteers no untoward reactions or complications w ... | 1977 | 333762 |
| effects of pcbs, ddt, and mercury compounds in chickens and japanese quail. | in well-controlled experiments using white leghorn chickens and japanese quail, dietary polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), ddt and related compounds produced no detrimental effects on eggshell quality. a drastic reduction in hatchability of chicks occurred with 10-20 ppm pcbs, but no detrimental effects on eggshell quality, egg production or hatchability were found with 0.5 and 1.0 ppm pcbs, or ddt up to 100 ppm. dietary pcbs potentiated a vitamin e-selenium deficiency in the chick, increased exu ... | 1977 | 404195 |
| studies on eimeria dispersa tyzzer 1929 in turkeys. | eimeria dispersa was isolated from young, intensively housed turkeys in britain. the parasite has morphological features in common with those of the original description. at least two generations of schizonts occur before gametogony and one or two more schizont generations are concurrent with gametogony. four generations of schizonts are needed to account for the observed reproduction index of 2.08 x 10(6)/oocyst inoculated. the first oocysts were discharged by 105 h and these sporulated within ... | 1979 | 419003 |
| the epididymal region of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | the epididymal region of the japanese quail was studied histologically. the organ consists of the extratesticular portion of the rete testis, the ductuli efferentes proximales and distales, the ducti conjugentes and ductus epididymidis. distinct tubuli recti link the seminiferous tubules with the rete testis. the non-ciliated cells of the ductuli efferentes proximales and distales show, between them, certain internal structural differences which were highlighted. in 40% of the birds, the ductus ... | 1979 | 433566 |
| aldrin epoxidase in liver and small intestine of rat and japanese quail. | | 1979 | 444742 |
| characterization of paramyxo-, herpes-, and orbiviruses isolated from psittacine birds. | isolates of paramyxo-, herpes-, and orbiviruses from psittacine birds were characterized in the course of studies in cell cultures. the lbd-1 isolate, from a lovebird, was grown in chick kidney (ck) cells. it had the properties of a paramyxovirus but was found tobe serologically distinct from known avian paramyxoviruses. this virus was pathogenic for japanese quail but not for young chickens or budgerigars. rsl-1 and -2, isolated from diseased rosellas, were propagated in chicken embryo fibrobla ... | 1979 | 486000 |
| involvement of catecholaminergic nerve fibers in angiotensin ii-induced drinking in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. | monamine distribution in a septohypothalamic area was investigated in the japanese quail using a histochemical fluorescence method. this area includes the subfornical organ (sfo) and the preoptic area (poa) which are inferred dipsogenic receptor sites for angiotensin ii (aii) in the japanese quail. nerve fibers showing yellow-green fluorescence were found between the poa and the sfo. thwy traversed from the poa to the sfo, and some fibers seemed to terminate on the neurons in the sfo. after a lo ... | 1979 | 487128 |
| effects of nutritional factors on metabolism of dietary cadmium at levels similar to those of man. | several nutrients are known to affect cadmium toxicity, but little is known about the effect of dietary nutrient levels on absorption and tissue retention of cadmium at low dietary levels, similar to those of man. feeding gradedlevels of zinc in a casein-gelatin diet to young japanese quail with 109cd (as the chloride) and 0.062 ppm added cadmium decreased the cadmium concentrations in the proventriculus-ventriculus, duodenum, jejunum-ileum, and the liver, but not in the kidney. zinc also affect ... | 1979 | 488027 |
| effect of testosterone and thyroxine on corticosterone and transcortine plasma levels in different bird species. | effect of testosterone and thyroxine on corticosterone and transcortine plasma levels has been investigated in photostimulated (18l--6d) peking duck, domestic pigeon, japanese quail and cock. in all these bird species corticosterone and transcortine plasma levels increased following castration, while restitution with testosterone decreased them in the castrated animals. thyroidectomy and thyroxine supplements in thyroidectomized birds failed to influence plasma corticosterone and, apart from coc ... | 1979 | 495129 |
| the toxicity of hexachloroethane in laboratory animals. | studies were conducted to assess hazards to personnel exposed to hexachloroethane (hce) in an industrial setting. acute testing in laboratory animals indicated hce was moderately toxic orally and could produce reversible eye irritation and mild skin irritation. percutaneous absorption appeared to have no practical significance. the subchronic vapor inhalation toxicity was determined in rats, guinea pigs, japanese quail and dogs in a 6-week test, monitoring pulmonary function changes, teratogenic ... | 1979 | 495459 |
| physiology of avian circadian pacemakers. | the pineal gland plays a cental role in the circadian organization of birds, although it is clearly only one component in a system with other components that have not yet been positively identified. the relative importance of the pineal and other components may vary from one group of birds to another. in the most thoroughly studied species, the house sparrow, pineal removal abolishes circadian rhythmicity; rhythmicity is restored by transplantation of a donor bird's pineal and the restored rhyth ... | 1979 | 499574 |
| photoperiodic control of testosterone metabolism, plasma gonadotrophins, cloacal gland growth, and reproductive behavior in the japanese quail. | | 1979 | 499750 |
| properties of rabies virus (mniivp-74 strain) adapted to japanese quail embryo cell culture. | the pasteur strain of fixed rabies virus was adapted to primary cell cultures of japanese quail embryos and designated as mniivp-74. in the course of adaptation the virus pathogenicity for rabbits by the intracerebral route decreased considerably and the pathogenicity for rabbits and adult white mice by extraneural routes was completely lost. after inoculation of japanese quail embryo cell cultures, a titer of the virus in the culture fluid at 4 days was 6.25--7.0 lg ld50/ml (by the intracerebra ... | 1979 | 518300 |
| attempts at bone induction in the japanese quail. | | 1979 | 535634 |
| micro-stereological study of the avian epididymal region. | morphometric studies of the epididymal region of three avian species (gallus domesticus, coturnix coturnix japonica, japanese quail, and numida meleagris, guinea-fowl) were performed using a stereological compensating eyepiece graticule. the proportions of the volume of the region made up of rete testis lacunae, proximal and distal efferent ductules, connecting ducts, ductus epididymidis, blood vessels and connective tissue were determined. the efferent ductules constituted the largest proportio ... | 1979 | 536308 |
| the structure of the excurrent ducts of the testis of the guinea-fowl (numida meleagris). | the epididymal region of the guinea-fowl was studied in sexually mature birds. the structure of the epididymal region was generally similar to that already described for the domestic fowl, turkey and japanese quail. well formed, intratesticular tubuli recti was seen connecting the seminiferous tubules with the rete testis. the latter consists of both intracapsular and extracapsular portions. six main cell types were recognised in the region: the rete testis was lined by squamous cells, the proxi ... | 1979 | 541246 |
| hepatic lipid metabolism in domestic fowl as influenced by dietary cereal. | the influence of dietary cereal on hepatic lipid metabolism was studied in adult japanese quail and mature female chickens fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous corn-soy and wheat-soy diets ad libitum. hepatic lipid accumulation and rate of biosynthesis were significantly higher in birds fed the corn-soy diet. the differential response to the cereals was seen in ovipositing females but not in mature male quail. there were no significant concomitant changes in body composition, egg production, egg ... | 1979 | 571462 |
| testosterone and sex related physical characteristics during the maturation of the male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | | 1979 | 572248 |
| delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase--a sensitive indicator of lead exposure in japanese quail. | red blood cell delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (rbc-alad) activity has proven to be a sensitive indicator of lead exposure in humans. the depressed enzyme activity and its negative correlation to blood lead concentrations are well-known effects of lead exposure in man. the sensitivity of rbc-alad activity in young japanese quail exposed to low levels of lead as lead acetate was investigated. two groups of nine birds each were fed purified diets containing either no added lead or 25 microgr ... | 1977 | 605070 |
| calcium binding protein in the turkey and in the japanese quail. | detection of immunologically similar calcium binding proteins (cabp) in the duodenum and the uterus of both laying turkey hens and laying japanese quail by a 45 ca binding assay yielded results highly correlated with the actual concentration of cabp measured by radial immunodiffusion. levels of duodenal cabp in laying turkeys maintained on normal laying hen rations are lower than those found in hens just starting egg production and than laying hens fed a ca-restricted diet for one month. | 1977 | 605106 |
| the folacin requirements of broiler chicks and quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | six experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary composition on the folacin requirement of broiler chicks and to determine the folacin requirement of growing japanese quail. the folacin requirement of both chicks and quail could not be determined when an isolated soybean protein based diet containing 0.44 mg. folacin per kilogram was used. dietary composition affects folacin requirement of growing broiler chicks. three values for the folacin requirement of growing broiler chic ... | 1977 | 611491 |
| effects of age, sex and starvation on the turnover of plasma, liver and breast muscle proteins in the japanese quail. | half-lives of the plasma, liver and breast muscle proteins in female, old male, young male and starved young male japanese quail were measured by following the changes in protein specific radioactivity over a period of 7 days. the female birds showed the shortest half-lives for plasma and liver proteins and very long half-lives for breast muscle proteins. compared to the proteins from the female birds, the old and young male birds showed slightly longer half-lives for plasma and insoluble liver ... | 1978 | 621582 |
| hemagglutinin responses of chickens, japanese quail and chukars to xenogenic red blood cell antigens. | | 1978 | 680305 |
| experimentally-induced agammaglobulinemia in japanese quails. | induction of agammaglobulinemia in japanese quails was attempted by various procedures of bursectomy (bx) including hormonal bx (h-bx) with testosterone, surgical bx (s-bx), chemical bx (c-bx) with cyclophosphamide and irradiation with gamma-ray. immunosuppressive effect of bx was evaluated by antibody production in response to immunization with bovine serum albumin and sheep red blood cells, by the level of natural antibody, and by the amount of immunoglobulins in sera. as a result, two procedu ... | 1978 | 682369 |
| the effects of vertebrate gonadotrophins on androgen release in vitro from testicular cells of japanese quail and a comparison with their radioimmunoassay activities. | | 1978 | 689363 |
| rate of testicular maturation, in relation to gonadotrophin and testosterone levels, in quail exposed to various artificial photoperiods and to natural daylengths. | rates of testicular growth and plasma levels of fsh, lh and testosterone were determined in japanese quail exposed to various fixed photoperiods (number of hours of light: number of hours of darkness): 12l : 12d, 13l : 11d, 14l : 10d, 16l : 8d and 20l : 4d and to natural daylengths. all five artificial photoperiods stimulated spermatogenesis, with the testes reaching maturity after 30-40 days. maximum rates of testicular growth occurred with 14l : 10d, 16l : 8d or 20l : 4d but the rate was reduc ... | 1978 | 702020 |
| toxic effects of rice culture of aspergillus candidus and its metabolite, xanthoascin, on japanese quails. | laying japanese quails were fed on diet of 1:1 mixture of basal diet and rice cultures of 2 strains of aspergillus candidus. during 20 days of feeding, egg production was significantly reduced in these groups compared with the birds fed unmolded rice. the liver of the quails sacrificed at 20 days showed fatty degeneration of hepatic cells. following withdrawal of the moldy rice, rate of egg production recovered in 5 days. the suppressive effect of egg production seems to be secondary to hepatic ... | 1978 | 713126 |
| variation in the response of plasma enzyme activities in avian species dosed with carbophenothion. | the response of various species of anser and branta geese and other avian species to the ingestion of carbophenothion (s-[[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]methyl] o,o-diethyl phosphorodithioate) has been investigated. optimum assay conditions for measurement of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and cholinesterase in avian plasma were developed for the study. the administration of acutely toxic doses of carbophenothion to japanese quail, pigeons, and chick ... | 1978 | 729517 |
| the endocrine control by luteinizing hormone of testosterone secretion from the testis of the japanese quail. | | 1978 | 730045 |
| [isolation and study of several properties of mycoplasma from japanese quail embryos]. | an agent isolated from japanese quail embryos was found to be pathogenic for chick embryo and quail embryo fibroblast cultures, to cause hemadsorption and hemagglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes. reproduction of the agent was inhibited by tetracycline and 5-bromodeoxyuridine. the agent incorporated both 3h-thymidine and 3h-uridine and had a buoyant density in sucrose gradient of 1.22 g/ml. mature mycoplasma forms were determined electron microscopically in gradient fractions in cell sections ... | 1978 | 735016 |
| effects of photoperiod and temperature on testicular and thyroid activity of the japanese quail. | | 1978 | 738600 |
| isolation of mycoplasma gallisepticum from sinuses of three quails (coturnix coturnix japonica). | | 1978 | 741620 |
| the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) as a laboratory animal. | the use of the japanese quail as a laboratory animal was first reported in 1959. since then this species has been increasingly used as an avian model for biomedical research. a quail colony was recently established in the dental research institute to provide adult birds for teratogenicity and toxicity studies. these birds are not widely used for biological research in south africa at present. the housing, husbandry, breeding and nutrition of this species is described, together with the biomethod ... | 1978 | 745199 |
| testosterone and sex-related behavior and morphology: relationship during maturation and in the adult japanese quail. | | 1978 | 750348 |
| turkey meningo-encephalitis: a general review. | turkey meningo-encephalitis (tme), a neuro-paralytic disease of the adult turkey caused by an arbovirus, was described in 1960 in israel, and not yet reported elsewhere. the seasonal outbreaks caused a high morbidity and a mortality up to 80%. a tendency toward spread has been found in the last two years. the tme virus was attenuated sucessfully by adapting it to a new host, the japanese quail, and a vaccine prepared with this attenuated virus is effective in immunizing turkeys to the disease. | 1976 | 769768 |
| immunoglobulin a in some avian species other than the fowl. | in immunodiffusion tests rabbit and pheasant antisera monospecific for fowl iga detected a cross-reacting homologous protein in sera and/or secretions (saliva and bile) of pheasant, japanese quail, guinea fowl, turkey and pigeon. negative findings with duck samples do not preclude the occurrence of a similar immunoglobulin class in that species. | 1975 | 806945 |
| effects of pcbs, ddt, and mercury compounds upon egg production, hatchability and shell quality in chickens and japanese quail. | dietary polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), ddt and related compounds, in well controlled experiments, produced no detrimental effects upon egg shell quality in single comb white leghorm chickens or in japanese quail. pcbs caused some decrease in egg production and a drastic reduction in hatchability in chickens, but not in japanese quail. inorganic mercury as hgso4 or hgcl2, at dietary levels up to 200 p.p.m. of hg, had only small effects, if any, upon egg production, hatchability, shell quality, ... | 1975 | 809763 |
| [formation of intercellular contacts between embryonic quail and chicken cardiomyoblasts in culture in vitro]. | in mixed cultures of japanese quail and chick cardiac cells, it is possible to recognize the two cell types by the structural differencies of their nuclei. therefore, the formation in culture of intercellular contacts can be observed. | 1976 | 820463 |
| [results of a study of live mumps vaccine from strain l-3 produced by the moscow research institute for viral preparations. characteristics of the vaccine]. | for some years the moscow research institute of virus preparations carried out studies concerned with the elaboration of conditions for production and control of mumps vaccine from the leningrad-3 (l-3) strain under experimental production conditions. twenty nine batches of the vaccine were prepared, tested and studied in extensive field trials. the paper presents the optimal conditions for the preparation of the live mumps vaccine from the l-3 strain in japanese quail embryo cell cultures. in m ... | 1976 | 829008 |
| altered yolk structure and reduced hatchability of eggs from birds fed single doses of petroleum oils. | yolk deposited by japanese quail was abnormal for 24 hours after the oral administration of a single capsule containing 200 milligrams of bunker c oil. both the structure and the staining properties of the yolk were affected. fewer eggs were laid during the 4 days after dosing, compared to controls, and hatchability was drastically reduced. hatchability returned to normal in 4 days. three other reference oils also affected yolk structure. canada geese given 2 grams and chickens given 500 milligr ... | 1977 | 836586 |
| isolation and separation of inositol 1-phosphate, cyclic inositol 1,2-phosphate, and glycerylphosphoinositol from tissue culture cells labeled with [3h]inositol. | water-soluble phosphorylated inositol derivatives have been separated from each other and from inositol by ion exchange and by thin-layer chromatography. the method, in combination with radioactive labeling, is sensitive enough to be applied to single tissue culture dishes corresponding to 10(6) - 10(7) cells. with this technique glycerylphosphoinositol, inositol 1-phosphate, cyclic inositol 1,2-phosphate, and at least three other inositol labeled compounds can be detected in human, monkey, hams ... | 1977 | 856711 |
| androgen influence on mating behavior in selected lines of japanese quail. | | 1977 | 863398 |
| antibody responses to xenogeneic red blood cell challenge in the japanese quail. | previous reports indicate that japanese quail are hyporesponsive to such conventionally used antigens as sheep red blood cells and bovine serum albumin. in this study the immune responsiveness of japanese quail to several erythrocyte antigens was investigated. the quail produced higher antibody titers when immunized with chukar red blood cells than when immunized with sheep, turkey, or pheasant red blood cells. it is concluded that japanese quail are capable of producing ha titers comparable in ... | 1977 | 885581 |
| acute oral ochratoxicosis in day-old white leghorns, turkeys and japanese quail. | the comparative acute, oral toxicity of ochratoxin a for three day-old avian species is presented. the seven-day ld50 value for white leghorns was calculated to be 3.4 +/-0.19 mgm./kg., for turkeys to be 5.9 +/- 0.72 mgm./kg., and for japanese quail to be 16.5 +/- 0.56 mgm./kg., body weight. the dose-response curves are linear and parallel through one standard deviation on either side of the ld50 when log-dose is plotted against probit for survivors. it is suggested that the mechanism of action ... | 1976 | 935032 |
| ferrihemoglobin formation by monohydroxy aniline derivatives in erythrocytes of some avian species in comparison with mammals. | ferrihemoglobin formation nitrosobenzene and p-, m- and o-animophenol was studied in erythrocyte supspensions from a number of avian and mammalian species. compared with the mammalian erythrocytes, bird red cells show little species differences in susceptibility. in birds, dose-effect relationship are different for nitrosobenzene and the aminophenols: using low concentration nitrosobenzene is more active than the aminophenols, while at higher concentrations o-aminophenol is at least equally effe ... | 1976 | 940603 |
| fungus-fermented soybeans benefit the life cycle of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | feeding quail chicks diets containing soybeans fermented with two cultures of aspergilli (a. oryzae n.r.r.l. 451 and a. oryzae n.r.r.l. 506) resulted in significantly superior weight gains (p less than 0.05) through a 4-week growth period and confirmed previous observations made with identical cultures in broiler studies. subsequent hen-day egg production and egg size were changed little by diets containing fermented soybeans. the numerical increases in fertility and hatchability were not signif ... | 1976 | 945574 |
| comparative effects of niridazole on spermatogenesis and reproductive capacity in the mouse, rat and japanese quail. | niridazole is an effective schistosomicidal compound which, at lower dose levels, affects schistosome gonads. its antifertility and possible mutagenic effects after various courses of oral treatment were compared in mice, rats and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). in all three species the meiotic stage of spermatogenesis was particularly affected. in mice the highest dose rate (five daily doses of 100 mg/kg) produced sterility during the 4th week. rats were more susceptible, the compo ... | 1976 | 946818 |
| growth of broilers and quail fed fusarium (gibberella zeae)-infected corn and zearalenone (f-2). | there were no effects in commercial broilers after the long term ingesting of fusarium-infected corn supplying 1, 10, and 30 p.p.m. zearalenone (f-2) in diets. average gain and feed conversion were similar in all treatment groups. in the first feeding trial the average body weights were higher for males than for females, but the differences were not significant. purified f-2, 30 p.p.m., was fed to broilers and no chronic effects were observed. differences in mean body weights, between dietary tr ... | 1976 | 951378 |
| origin of ovarian follicle cells in birds. | in the embryonic japanese quail ovary, transplanted on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (cam), follicle cells are derived from somatic cells of the ovarian surface epithelium. no evidence was found for a contribution of other cell groups of the quail ovary in the formation of follicle cells. this may be demonstrated on pas stained sections, by following the transfer of carbon particles, initially applied on the surface epithelium. | 1976 | 976457 |
| penetration of melanocytes from embryonic japanese quail peritoneum into associated embryonic avian gonads, grown on chicken chorioallantoic membrane. | after association on chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of an embryonic bird testis with pigmented peritoneum from a japanese quail embryo, numerous melanocytes penetrate in its interstitial tissue. if, instead of a testis, an ovary is transplanted under similar conditions, then the melanocytes may be found in the medulla or between the secondary sex cords at the rim of the ovary. | 1976 | 991998 |
| mirex-induced hepatic changes in chickens, japanese quail, and rats. | mirex was fed in the diet to chickens at 0 to 160 ppm for 12 and 16 weeks, to japanese quail at 0 to 80 ppm for 12 weeks, and to rats at 0 to 100 ppm for 2 and 4 weeks. mirex did not affect the concentration of protein or cytochrome p450 in hepatic microsomes of chickens or japanese quail, nor did it affect hydroxylation of aniline or demethylation of aminopyrine. however, structural changes were apparent in livers of chickens fed mirex at 10 ppm and above and included regions of necrosis and no ... | 1976 | 999336 |
| ontogeny of the avian thymus and bursa of fabricius studied in interspecific chimeras. | differences in the structure of the interphase nucleus between two species of birds, the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and the chick (gallus gallus) have been used to distinguish cells from different origins in interspecies combinations. this biological cell marking technique was applied to thymus and bursa of fabricius histogenesis. using various combinations between components of quail and chick thymic and bursic rudiments, the respective contribution of endodermal epithelium, me ... | 1976 | 1008530 |
| [ultrastructural studies of the evolution of the notochord and dorsal embryonic constituents derived from the mesoderm in the chicken and japanese quail during teratogenic exposures to parathion]. | after experimental expositions to parathion--an organophosphorous insecticide which, in birds, gives rise to elective axial abnormalities--the evolution of the notochord and the different dorsal embryonic tissues issued from the mesoderm was analysed with the chicken and the japanese quail embryos. the abnormalities being settled, the notochord, which has normally developed, exhibited no ultrastructural change. sclerotomic cells had normally migrated and, at the time when the provertebrae were f ... | 1976 | 1008561 |
| cadmium-binding protein in tissues of male rats and japanese quail. | | 1976 | 1034846 |
| protective effects of ascorbic acid against toxicity of heavy metals. | toxicity of cadmium in the young japanese quail rapidly produced moderate growth depression, hypogonadism in the male, decreased bone ash, severe anemia, alterations of "indicator" tissue levels of several essential inorganic elements, and marked histological abnormalities of the duodenum, bone marrow, adrenal medulla, and esophageal mucus glands. cadmium appeared to have direct effects on zinc and iron, particularly iron (iii), by decreasing intestinal absorption of these elements. small amount ... | 1975 | 1060397 |
| control of renal vitamin d hydroxylases in birds by sex hormones. | kidney homogenates from adult male japanese quail or chickens demonstrate hydroxylase activity predominantly for the 24 rather than the 1 position of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 (25-hydroxycholecalciferol). a single injection of 5 mg of estradiol-17beta into a male bird completely suppresses the 24-hydroxylase and greatly increases the 1-hydroxylase activity. immature males do not respond well to estrogen alone, but they do respond well to estradiol plus testosterone. testosterone alone has little or n ... | 1976 | 1066683 |
| structural aspects of immune recognition of lysozymes. iii. t cell specificity restriction and its consequences for antibody specificity. | we have studied the relationship between the determinants encountered by t cells on an antigenic molecule and the specificities of the antibodies eventually produced by the b cells with which these t cells cooperate. the number of epitopes on the hen lysozyme (hel) molecule available to t cell receptors was functionally limited by inducing t cell tolerance to hel in rabbits. highly cross-reactive lysozymes were then used to challenge the hel-unresponsive rabbits. only t cells which recognize ne ... | 1976 | 1087241 |
| origin of hemopoietic stem cells in embryonic bursa of fabricius and bone marrow studied through interspecific chimeras. | the histogenesis of the bursa of fabricius and of bone marrow was studied by a biological cell marking technique based on differences in the nuclear structure of two species of birds, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and chick (gallus gallus). in quail cells the nucleus contains a large amount of heterochromatin associated with the nucleolus. that makes it possible to distinguish them from chick cells after feulgen-rossenbeck staining and by electron microscopy. by grafting bursal rud ... | 1975 | 1101262 |
| effect of choline deficiency on utilization of labeled precursors of choline and turnover of choline in the liver of mature japanese quail. | studies were conducted to determine the effect of choline deficiency on utilization of various labeled precursors of choline and rate of choline biosynthesis in mature japanese quail. a deficiency of dietary choline did not change the in vivo incorporation of 14c-label from (1,2-14c) ethanolamine, n, n-dimethyl (1,2-14c) ethanolamine, and l-(methyl-14c) methionine into liver phosphatidylcholine (pc) or total phospholipids. incorporation of radioactivity from (14c) serine into liver pc was increa ... | 1975 | 1113201 |