| [developmental cycle of the thorny-headed worm, acanthocephalus lucii (echinorhynchidae)]. | the organogenesis of acanthocephalus lucii was followed and its developmental periods established. in the organism of the intermediate host asellus aquaticus the larva of a. lucii has three developmental stages: acantor, preacantella and acantella. at the average daily temperature of 25 degrees the developmental period from the egg to acantella completes within 19 days, at 22 degrees--in 32 days, at 19 degrees--in 51 days, at 18 degrees--in 60 days, at 15-16 degrees--in 72 days and at 15 degrees ... | 1979 | 492773 |
| [toxic action of carbendazim on aquatic animals]. | the toxic effect of carbendazim was studied using as biologic indicators, lebistes reticulatus peters, asellus aquaticus racov and daphnia magna (cladocera) in the laboratory of human epidemiology and ecology in rzeszów. the experiments were done in crystallizers of from 150 ml capacity for aselius to 250 ml for young lebistes and in tubes of 30 ml capacity for daphnia. each experiment was done in triplicate with 10 animals in each repetition. the observation of carbendazim toxicity was carried ... | 1989 | 2637484 |
| life history and population biology of larval acanthocephalus lucii (acanthocephala: echinorhynchidae) in the isopod asellus aquaticus. | hemocoels of 8,731 asellus aquaticus collected from the forth and clyde canal in glasgow, scotland, from january 1980 to march 1981 were examined for larvae of acanthocephalus lucii. prevalence and mean intensity were generally low (1.5-8.3% and 1.0-1.6, respectively), but there was a slight seasonal infection pattern with fewer infected isopods during summer, reflecting the appearance of a new isopod generation. although there were no distinct seasonal trends in the proportions of each larval s ... | 1986 | 3806315 |
| use of granulated fertilizers with actellic ec 50 insecticide in the control of mosquito larvae. | granulated fertilizers [ammonium nitrate, synthetic fertilizer] were used as carriers to prepare an insecticide granulate suitable for the control of aedes cantans and aedes vexans mosquito larvae under field conditions. the insecticide granulate was obtained by mixing 1 volume unit of actellic ec 50 with 50 volume units of fertilizer. the optimal dose required to ensure and effective control of aedes mosquito larvae was 2--5 g of granulate per 1 m3 of water [i.e. 2--5 kg/ha per each 1- cm depth ... | 1981 | 6262402 |
| cadmium concentrations in two adult acanthocephalans, pomphorhynchus laevis and acanthocephalus lucii, as compared with their fish hosts and cadmium and lead levels in larvae of a. lucii as compared with their crustacean host. | adults of pomphorhynchus laevis and acanthocephalus lucii were analyzed for cadmium by atomic absorption spectrometry. their cadmium concentrations were compared with those found in different tissues (muscle, liver, and intestine) of their final hosts the chub and perch. additionally, the cadmium and lead concentrations in larvae of a. lucii and their intermediate host asellus aquaticus were determined. regarding the adult acanthocephalans, the parasites showed several times more cadmium than di ... | 1995 | 7567908 |
| efficacy of clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia on target and nontarget organisms. | clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia (c.b.m.) is highly toxic to mosquito larvae. in this study, the following aquatic nontarget invertebrates were treated with high c.b.m. concentrations (up to 1,600-fold the toxic concentration for anopheles stephensi) to study their susceptibility towards the bacterial toxin: planorbis planorbis (pulmonata); asellus aquaticus (isopoda); daphnia pulex (cladocera); cloeon dipterum (ephemeroptera); plea leachi (heteroptera); and eristalis sp., chaoborus cry ... | 1994 | 7912261 |
| trace metals in populations of freshwater isopods: influence of biotic and abiotic variables. | trace metal levels in water, sediments and freshwater isopods from 28 different water systems in the netherlands were measured during the period of 1986 to 1989. distinct element-specific internal distribution patterns were present, with cd and cu stored mainly in the hepatopancreas (30-60% of total body burden) and pb and zn in the hindgut and exoskeleton with hemolymph. mean whole-body concentrations of the non-essential elements cd and pb in individually analyzed isopods varied over three ord ... | 1996 | 8854824 |
| host-parasite interface between asellus aquaticus (isopoda) and larvae of acanthocephalus anguillae (acanthocephala). | | 2000 | 10945741 |
| the cement apparatus of larval and adult acanthocephalus anguillae (acanthocephala), with notes on the copulatory cap and origin of gland secretion. | light and electron microscopy were used to investigate the ultrastructure of the cement apparatus, namely cement glands and cement ducts, of mature specimens of the parasite acanthocephalus anguillae (muller, 1780) luhe, 1911 recovered from the alimentary canal of fish leuciscus cephalus (risso, 1826). in addition, the cement apparatus of immature a. anguillae found within the body cavity of the crustacean asellus aquaticus (l.) was examined. in immature and mature males of acanthocephalus angui ... | 2001 | 11355679 |
| eel parasite diversity and intermediate host abundance in the river rhine, germany. | european eels (anguilla anguilla) from 2 sampling sites on the rhine river (near karlsruhe and near worms) were investigated with respect to their parasite communities. nine different metazoan species were found to live in and on the eels. the highest number of species was recorded from the intestine, which contained up to 6 different helminths. among these, acanthocephalans were the most prevalent worms with the eel-specific parasite paratenuisentis ambiguus as the dominant species of the intes ... | 2001 | 11510684 |
| long-term stability in the richness and structure of helminth communities in eels, anguilla anguilla, in lough derg, river shannon, ireland. | a data set on intestinal helminth parasites was collected in the course of an 18 year investigation into the biology of eels in meelick bay, lough derg, river shannon. this was used to test two hypotheses relating to the composition and structure of intestinal helminth communities, namely that eels in large rivers do not harbour richer and more diverse communities than those in small rivers but that community composition and structure are more stable over time than in small rivers. the helminth ... | 2002 | 12498636 |
| long-term investigation of the composition and richness of intestinal helminth communities in the stocked population of eel, anguilla anguilla, in neusiedler see, austria. | data from a long-term study of the intestinal helminth parasite community of eels, anguilla anguilla, stocked into the shallow eutrophic neusiedler see, austria, were collected over an 8 year period (1994-2001). in total, 720 eels from 2 sampling sites were examined. the parasite community showed characteristics similar to those in the natural eel populations in rivers of the uk and mainland europe: it was species poor, with only 5 species (acanthocephalus lucii, acanthocephalus anguillae, raphi ... | 2005 | 15727068 |
| contaminated sediments and bioassay responses of three macroinvertebrates, the midge larva chironomus riparius, the water louse asellus aquaticus and the mayfly nymph ephoron virgo. | bioassays are widely used to estimate ecological risks of contaminated sediments. we compared the results of three whole sediment bioassays, using the midge larva chironomus riparius, the water louse asellus aquaticus, and the mayfly nymph ephoron virgo. we used sediments from sixteen locations in the dutch rhine-meuse delta that differed in level of contamination. previously developed protocols for each bioassay were followed, which differed in sediment pretreatment, replication, and food avail ... | 2005 | 15885739 |
| ecological impacts of the microsporidian parasite pleistophora mulleri on its freshwater amphipod host gammarus duebeni celticus. | the microsporidian parasite, pleistophora mulleri, infects the abdominal muscle of the freshwater amphipod gammarus duebeni celticus. we recently showed that p. mulleri infection was associated with g. d. celticus hosts being more vulnerable to predation by the invasive amphipod gammarus pulex. parasitized g. d. celticus also had a reduced ability to prey upon other co-occurring amphipods. we suggested the parasite may have pervasive influences on host ecology and behaviour. here, we examine the ... | 2005 | 16178354 |
| occurrence of platinum and additional traffic related heavy metals in sediments and biota. | non-point sources play an important role in metal emissions into surface waters. one of the most important non-point sources is automobile traffic. recent studies determining traffic related heavy metals in surface waters have concentrated mainly on worst case scenarios by analyzing heavy metal loads in waters and sediments close to storm-water overflow inlets. the present study aims at identifying traffic related heavy metals in moderately polluted sites, as they occur in highly urbanized regio ... | 2007 | 16996105 |
| bioconcentration, biomagnification and metabolism of 14c-terbutryn and 14c-benzo[a]pyrene in gammarus fossarum and asellus aquaticus. | the contribution of bioconcentration and biomagnification of 14c-terbutryn and 14c-benzo[a]pyrene via food and water to the bioaccumulation in gammarus fossarum and asellus aquaticus was investigated in single species-tests. in this investigation the uptake of 14c-terbutryn and 14c-benzo[a]pyrene via food and water by g. fossarum (l.) and a. aquaticus (l.) was examined. bioconcentration factors (bcfs) and biomagnification factors (bmfs) were determined. calculated bcfs were clearly higher than b ... | 2007 | 16997349 |
| variation in the bioaccumulation of a sediment-sorbed hydrophobic compound by benthic macroinvertebrates: patterns and mechanisms. | aquatic ecological risk assessment is primarily focused on aqueous exposure, but many hydrophobic contaminants bind to particulate material and accumulate in sediments. the risk posed by such contaminants is partially dependent on the importance of dietary exposure. here, we describe the bioaccumulation of a highly hydrophobic compound (dioctadecyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride (dodmac)) to four freshwater macroinvertebrates (i.e., asellus aquaticus, chironomus riparius, gammarus pulex, lumbriculus ... | 2007 | 17396674 |
| sampling method, storage and pretreatment of sediment affect avs concentrations with consequences for bioassay responses. | sediment treatment and sediment storage may alter sediment toxicity, and consequently biotic response. purpose of our study was to combine these three aspects (treatment-toxicity-biotic response) in one integrated approach. we used acid volatile sulfide (avs) concentrations as a proxy of the disturbance of the sediment. avs and simultaneously extracted metal (sem) concentrations were compared to bioassay responses with the freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate asellus aquaticus. storage condition ... | 2008 | 17482732 |
| bacterial symbionts in the hepatopancreas of isopods: diversity and environmental transmission. | the midgut glands (hepatopancreas) of terrestrial isopods contain bacterial symbionts. we analysed the phylogenetic diversity of hepatopancreatic bacteria in isopod species from various suborders colonizing marine, semiterrestrial, terrestrial and freshwater habitats. hepatopancreatic bacteria were absent in the marine isopod idotea balthica (valvifera). the symbiotic bacteria present in the midgut glands of the freshwater isopod asellus aquaticus (asellota) were closely related to members of th ... | 2007 | 17506824 |
| isopod (asellus aquaticus) size and acanthocephalan (acanthocephalus lucii) infections. | we examined the effect of isopod size and age on the success of an acanthocephalan infection and on the effects of that infection on the growth and survival of the isopods. groups of isopods (asellus aquaticus) belonging to 4 size classes (juveniles, maturing adults, young adults, and older adults) were exposed to infective acanthors of acanthocephalus lucii. at the end of the experiment, survival of the isopods, lengths of male and female isopods, and numbers of different developmental stages o ... | 2007 | 17626334 |
| effects of acanthocephalus lucii (acanthocephala) on intermediate host survival and growth: implications for exploitation strategies. | intermediate host exploitation by parasites is presumably constrained by the need to maintain host viability until transmission occurs. the relationship between parasitism and host survival, though, likely varies as the energetic requirements of parasites change during ontogeny. an experimental infection of an acanthocephalan (acanthocephalus lucii) in its isopod intermediate host (asellus aquaticus) was conducted to investigate host survival and growth throughout the course of parasite developm ... | 2007 | 17918350 |
| proximate factors affecting the larval life history of acanthocephalus lucii (acanthocephala). | the growth and eventual size of larval helminths in their intermediate hosts presumably has a variety of fitness consequences. therefore, elucidating the proximate factors affecting parasite development within intermediate hosts should provide insight into the evolution of parasite life histories. an experimental infection that resulted in heavy intensities of an acanthocephalan (acanthocephalus lucii) in its isopod intermediate host (asellus aquaticus) permitted the examination of parasite deve ... | 2007 | 17918351 |
| acute and delayed effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid on seven freshwater arthropods. | ecotoxicological risk assessment of contaminants often is based on toxicity tests with continuous-exposure profiles. however, input of many contaminants (e.g., insecticides) to surface waters typically occurs in pulses rather than continuously. neonicotinoids are a new group of insecticides, and little is known about their toxicity to nontarget freshwater organisms and potential effects on freshwater ecosystems. the aim of the present research was to assess effects of short-term (24-h) exposure ... | 2008 | 18348641 |
| sublethal effects and predator-prey interactions: implications for ecological risk assessment. | ecological risk assessments tend to focus on contaminant effects on single species in isolation. however, additional effects from interactions between species (e.g., predator-prey interactions) may also occur in natural systems. the present study investigated the consequences of sublethal contaminant effects in prey on predator-prey interactions, particularly the interaction between prey behavioral changes and predation by predators with different hunting strategies. ambush (ischnura elegans van ... | 2009 | 19572771 |
| importance of prey and predator feeding behaviors for trophic transfer and secondary poisoning. | hydrophobic contaminants accumulate within aquatic sediments, hence pelagic predators may have limited direct contact with such compounds, but can be exposed via their benthic prey (i.e., via dietary exposure). here we examine the importance of feeding behaviors of both prey (sediment ingesters or noningesters) and predators (piercers or engulfers) in determining the extent of dietary exposure and toxic effects. a freshwater macroinvertebrate system was used, consisting of two predator species, ... | 2009 | 19921914 |
| the initial discovery of thorny-headed worms in sheep. | acanthocephalans belonging to the species acanthocephalus lucii were found in the colon of a lamb from ecological farms in the czech republic. the main determination features used for these acanthocephalans are the shape and size of the hooks as well as the number of hooks on the proboscis. three immature specimens measured 5.0-13.2mm in length; the appearance of the acanthocephalan body (in the studied material) suggests that passage through this unusual host causes the cystacanths to slightly ... | 2011 | 21940103 |
| [preliminary study of the precocity of satellite chromosomes during meiosis in male asellus aquaticus linné (isopod crustaceae)]. | | 2014 | 4196614 |
| asellus aquaticus as a potential carrier of escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria into drinking water distribution systems. | individuals of the water louse, asellus aquaticus, enter drinking water distribution systems in temperate parts of the world, where they establish breeding populations. we analysed populations of surface water a. aquaticus from two ponds for associated faecal indicator bacteria and assessed the risk of a. aquaticus transporting bacteria into distribution systems. concentrations of up to two e. coli and five total coliforms·ml-1 were measured in the water and 200 e. coli and >240 total coliforms· ... | 2013 | 23455399 |
| influence of asellus aquaticus on escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, campylobacter jejuni and naturally occurring heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water. | water lice, asellus aquaticus (isopoda), frequently occur in drinking water distribution systems where they are a nuisance to consumers and water utilities. whether they are solely an aesthetic problem or also affect the microbial water quality is a matter of interest. we studied the influence of a. aquaticus on microbial water quality in non-chlorinated drinking water in controlled laboratory experiments. pure cultures of the indicator organisms escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae and th ... | 2012 | 22884244 |
| toxic and endocrine disrupting effects of wastewater treatment plant influents and effluents on a freshwater isopod asellus aquaticus (isopoda, crustacea). | in the present study a biological "in vivo" assay, with freshwater isopod asellus aquaticus, was used to define and evaluate the potential impact of the wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) wastewaters on local wildlife. samples of both untreated and mechanically and biologically treated wwtp wastewater, were tested in the presence and absence of the formulated sediment for their lethal and sublethal effects. chronic exposures to wastewater samples caused concentration dependent reduced locomotion, ... | 2017 | 28183060 |
| bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of the antidepressants sertraline and fluoxetine in laboratory-constructed, 3-level aquatic food chains. | although reports of pharmaceutical bioconcentration in aquatic organisms are increasing, less is known about trophic transfer in aquatic food webs. the bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of sertraline and fluoxetine, 2 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris) frequently detected in aquatic environments, were tested by exposing constructed aquatic food chains to ssris under controlled laboratory conditions. both of these ionizable, weak base pharmaceuticals showed lower bioaccumulation fac ... | 2017 | 27696515 |
| outdoor experimental ponds (mesocosms) designed for long-term ecotoxicological studies in aquatic environment. | outdoor artificial ponds (mesocosms) of 12 m3 were designed for long-term ecotoxicological studies. sediment, macrophytes (typha angustifolia and elodea canadensis), and free and caged freshwater snails [lymnaea palustris (müller)] and wood lice (asellus aquaticus l.) were collected in nearby natural ecosystems and introduced in the mesocosms. sixty goldfish (carassius auratus l.) were caged in each pond. introduced species developed and reproduced in every mesocosm. animal species (mainly insec ... | 1996 | 8812177 |
| population responses of daphnia magna, chydorus sphaericus and asellus aquaticus in pesticide contaminated ditches around bulb fields. | the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ambient concentrations of pesticides combined with abiotic factors on the key aquatic species daphnia magna, chydorus sphaericus and asellus aquaticus by means of 21 days field exposure experiments. in situ bioassays were deployed in ditches around flower bulb fields during spring and autumn 2011-2012. the results showed that phosphate was the most variable parameter followed by pesticides expressed as toxic units, as the main factors expl ... | 2014 | 24967699 |
| the impact of increased oxygen conditions on metal-contaminated sediments part ii: effects on metal accumulation and toxicity in aquatic invertebrates. | the present study evaluated the effect of increasing oxygen concentrations in overlying surface water on the accumulation and toxicity of sediment-bound metals in the aquatic invertebrates lumbriculus variegatus, asellus aquaticus and daphnia magna. a 54 days experiment using three experimental treatments (90% o(2) in overlying surface water, 40% o(2) and a non-polluted control) was conducted. at 6 different time points (after 0, 2, 5, 12, 32 and 54 days) acid volatile sulfides (avs), simultaneo ... | 2012 | 22520858 |
| ecotoxicological effects of activated carbon addition to sediments. | activated carbon (ac) addition is a recently developed technique for the remediation of sediments and soils contaminated with hydrophobic organic chemicals. laboratory and field experiments have demonstrated that the addition of 3-4% of ac can reduce aqueous concentrations and the bioaccumulation potential of contaminants. however, one aspect of the technique that has hardly received any attention is the possible occurrence of secondary, eco(toxico)logical effects, i.e., effects of ac addition o ... | 2009 | 19731704 |
| differentiating copper and arsenic toxicity using biochemical biomarkers in asellus aquaticus and dreissena polymorpha. | biomarkers of metal exposure are well known, but how a suite of such biomarkers will respond if the metal is also an oxidizing agent or causes oxidative stress is unclear. this study compares the effects of copper and arsenic, two metals with different oxidizing potential, on freshwater invertebrates. dreissena polymorpha and asellus aquaticus were exposed to nominal concentrations of copper (100 microg/l) or arsenic (80 microg/l) over 7 days, and physiological stress was examined by measuring m ... | 2006 | 16253326 |
| a new method for early assessment of effects of exposing two non-target crustacean species, asellus aquaticus and gammarus fossarum, to pesticides, a laboratory study. | a reliable method is needed for assessing the condition of aquatic animals and their resistance to toxic pollutants. the physiological responses of two freshwater crustaceans, asellus aquaticus and gammarus fossarum, following in vitro exposure to two pesticides (atrazine and imidacloprid), were measured by a combination of electron transport system (ets) activity and respiration (r). short-term exposure concentrations were selected according to standard toxicity tests and ranged from 0.01 mg l( ... | 2010 | 20203137 |
| effects of exposing two non-target crustacean species, asellus aquaticus l., and gammarus fossarum koch., to atrazine and imidacloprid. | the physiological responses of two freshwater crustaceans, asellus aquaticus l. and gammarus fossarum koch., following in vitro exposure to two pesticides were measured. both species responded to short-term exposure with elevated levels of respiration and/or lower levels of electron transport system (ets) activity. 1 h exposure to concentrations of up to 10 mg l(-1) showed an effect in both test species. laboratory tests confirmed that g. fossarum is more sensitive to short-term pesticide exposu ... | 2010 | 19795091 |
| toxicity and bioaccumulation of arsenic and chromium in epigean and hypogean freshwater macroinvertebrates. | lethal toxicity levels of two inorganic water pollutants, chromium (cr6+) and arsenic (as3+), were determined toward six freshwater macroinvertebrate species collected from a single field site. crustaceans were represented by two amphipod species, an epigean one (gammarus fossarum) and a hypogean one (niphargus rhenorhodanensis), and by an isopod species (asellus aquaticus). there were two insect larvae, heptagenia sulphurea (ephemeroptera) and hydropsiche pellucidula (trichoptera) and a snail, ... | 2001 | 11443365 |
| the activities of enzymes associated with the intermediary and energy metabolism in hypogean and epigean crustaceans. | the activities of 18 enzymes involved in the intermediary and energy metabolism were measured in certain widely-spread peracarid crustaceans: 3 hypogean (niphargus virei, niphargus rhenorhodanensis and stenasellus virei) and 2 epigean (gammarus fossarum and asellus aquaticus) ones. the activities of numerous enzymes were correlated with the known metabolic rates of the 5 species. such rates are reduced in hypogean organisms: levels of enzymatic activity in subterranean species were 1.2 to 8.6 ti ... | 1996 | 9091176 |
| ventilatory and locomotory activities in anoxia and subsequent recovery of epigean and hypogean crustaceans. | locomotory and ventilatory responses to severe hypoxia and subsequent recovery were investigated in 3 amphipod crustaceans: 2 hypogean species (1 interstitial species niphargus rhenorhodanensis and 1 karstic species n. virei) and 1 epigean species (gammarus fossarum), and in an epigean population of 1 isopod crustacean (asellus aquaticus). these species displayed respectively 46.7 h, 52.1 h, 6.3 h and 19.7 h lethal times for 50% of the population (lt50) values for anoxic survival. the aim of thi ... | 1995 | 7671005 |
| widespread atypical mitochondrial dna structure in isopods (crustacea, peracarida) related to a constitutive heteroplasmy in terrestrial species. | metazoan mitochondrial dna (mtdna) is generally composed of circular monomeric molecules. however, a few exceptions do exist and among them two terrestrial isopods armadillidium vulgare and porcellionides pruinosus have an atypical mtdna composed of linear monomers associated with circular "head-to-head" dimers: a very unusual structure for animal mtdna genome. to assess the distribution of this atypical mtdna among isopods, we performed rflp and southern blot analyses on mtdna of 16 terrestrial ... | 2012 | 22376074 |
| cooling water of power plant creates "hot spots" for tropical fishes and parasites. | thermally altered water bodies can function as "hot spots" where non-native species are establishing self-sustaining populations beyond their tropical and subtropical native regions. whereas many tropical fish species have been found in these habitats, the introduction of non-native parasites often remains undetected. here, n = 77 convict cichlids (amatitlania nigrofasciata) were sampled by electro-fishing at two sites from a thermally altered stream in germany and examined for parasite fauna an ... | 2016 | 26374537 |
| responses of aquatic organisms to metal pollution in a lowland river in flanders: a comparison of diatoms and macroinvertebrates. | the role of macroinvertebrates and diatoms as indicator for metal pollution was investigated by assessing both biota along a metal gradient in the belgian river the dommel. macroinvertebrates and diatoms were sampled in summer and winter and physical-chemical characteristics of the water were measured at four different sample periods and related to sediment characteristics. although metal concentrations, except cadmium, in the water nowhere exceeded water quality standards, high metal concentrat ... | 2008 | 18778849 |
| adverse effects of bisphenol a on water louse (asellus aquaticus). | experiments were performed to study the effects of short and long-term exposure to bisphenol a (bpa) on a freshwater crustacean isopod asellus aquaticus (l.). two life stages of isopods were exposed to a range of bpa concentrations, from aqueous and two dietary sources, in the form of with bpa spiked conditioned alder leaf (alnus glutinosa) discs, or spiked formulated sediment, to determine the relative importance of each source of exposure on the uptake of this contaminant. several lethal and s ... | 2015 | 25841063 |
| fate and effects of the insecticide dursban 4e in indoor elodea-dominated and macrophyte-free freshwater model ecosystems: i. fate and primary effects of the active ingredient chlorpyrifos. | the fate of the insecticide dursban 4e (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and its effect on crustaceans and insects was studied in indoor experimental freshwater ecosystems that intended to mimick drainage ditches. a single dose (simulating aerial drift) was applied to achieve nominal chlorpyrifos concentrations of 5 or 35 micrograms/l. two experiments were performed, one in which all model ecosystems were dominated by the macrophyte elodea nuttallii, and one using systems devoid of macrophytes. i ... | 1991 | 1379031 |
| the combined effects of water level reduction and an increase in ammonia concentration on organic matter processing by key freshwater shredders in alluvial wetlands. | in a global change context, the intensity and the frequency of drastic low flow periods or drought events will most likely increase to a substantial extent over the coming decades, leading to a modification in the abiotic characteristics of wetlands. this change in environmental parameters may induce severe shifts in plant and animal communities and the functioning of ecosystems. in this study, we experimentally estimated the effect of drought and the accumulation of ammonia (nh3 ) on the feedin ... | 2012 | 23504834 |
| evolution and development in cave animals: from fish to crustaceans. | cave animals are excellent models to study the general principles of evolution as well as the mechanisms of adaptation to a novel environment: the perpetual darkness of caves. in this article, two of the major model systems used to study the evolution and development (evo-devo) of cave animals are described: the teleost fish astyanax mexicanus and the isopod crustacean asellus aquaticus. the ways in which these animals match the major attributes expected of an evo-devo cave animal model system a ... | 2012 | 23580903 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 february 2011-31 march 2011. | this article documents the addition of 111 microsatellite marker loci to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, anopheles nuneztovari sensu lato, asellus aquaticus, calopteryx splendens, calopteryx virgo, centaurea aspera, centaurea seridis, chilina dombeyana, proctoeces cf. lintoni and pyrenophora teres f. teres. | 2011 | 21627775 |
| experimental studies on the development of contracaecum rudolphii (nematoda: anisakidae) in copepod and fish paratenic hosts. | the larval development of the nematode contracaecum rudolphii (rudolphi, 1819), a common parasite of the proventriculus of cormorants, was experimentally studied. within the eggs cultivated in freshwater under laboratory temperatures of 20-22 degrees c, the developing larva undergoes two moults on days 4-5, attaining the third larval stage. most of the ensheathed third-stage larvae, 291-457 microm long, hatch spontaneously from egg shells on days 5-6. experiments have indicated that hatched ensh ... | 2009 | 19827362 |
| acute and sublethal toxicity tests to monitor the impact of leachate on an aquatic environment. | in this study, a specific landfill leachate (1200 mg l(-1) cod and 600 mg l(-1) bod(5)) was used to develop a standardised short-term acute and longer-term sublethal ex-situ toxicity testing programme, in order to determine the potential ecological implications of leaching contaminants reaching the water table. bioassays were undertaken with juvenile gammarus pulex and asellus aquaticus macro-invertebrates. preliminary acute test variables included static and static renewed flow rates for 96-h, ... | 2005 | 15661294 |
| acute and sub-lethal toxicity of landfill leachate towards two aquatic macro-invertebrates: demonstrating the remediation potential of air stripping. | a specific leachate that contained 1.036 mg l(-1) of 2-chlorobiphenyl was used in the study (255 mg l(-1) cod and 133 mg l(-1) bod5). bench scale (20 l) air stripping trials were used to simulate on a small-scale the treatment potential of this method. air stripping effectively reduced the leachates cod concentration. regardless of the volume of air supplied (1-5 l of air per minute) the leachates cod reached a <50 mg l(-1) equilibrium after 96-h exposure, however, increasing the volume of air a ... | 2005 | 15946742 |
| effects of water depth on choice of spatially separated prey by notonecta glauca l. | in laboratory experiments, the predator, notonecta glauca l., was exposed to varying densities of surfacedwelling culicine mosquito larvae and the bottom-inhabiting isopod, asellus aquaticus l., in either shallow or deep water at 20° c. at this temperature n. glauca spends most of the time at the water's surface, so, by changing water depth the accessibility of asellus to the predator was manipulated relative to a consistent culex presence.all n. glauca spent more time submerged in shallow (75 m ... | 1984 | 28310723 |
| an evaluation of mixed species in-situ and ex-situ feeding assays: the altered response of asellus aquaticus and gammarus pulex. | mixed species feeding assays were undertaken with pollution sensitive (gammarus pulex) and tolerant (asellus aquaticus) macro-invertebrates during august 2003 and april 2004. the purpose of this study was to establish if a test animals' response is comparable during in-situ and ex-situ toxicity tests. seven test sites were established along an undisclosed stream, which received leachate discharge from an unlined, disused uk landfill site. sampling points a-b were upstream of the contamination, c ... | 2006 | 15949846 |
| avoidance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments by the freshwater invertebrates gammarus pulex and asellus aquaticus. | contamination of sediments is a serious problem in most industrialized areas. sediments are often contaminated with trace metals and organic contaminants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). bioassays are often used to determine the effect of contaminants on biota. however, survival or growth may not be the most sensitive endpoints. behavioral changes often occur at much lower concentrations. our study aimed to assess the effect of pahs on habitat ch ... | 2006 | 16519306 |
| parasitism may enhance rather than reduce the predatory impact of an invader. | invasive species can have profound impacts on communities and it is increasingly recognized that such effects may be mediated by parasitism. the 'enemy release' hypothesis posits that invaders may be successful and have high impacts owing to escape from parasitism. alternatively, we hypothesize that parasites may increase host feeding rates and hence parasitized invaders may have increased community impacts. here, we investigate the influence of parasitism on the predatory impact of the invasive ... | 2010 | 20392715 |
| ecotoxicological effects of activated carbon amendments on macroinvertebrates in nonpolluted and polluted sediments. | amendment of contaminated sediment with activated carbon (ac) is a remediation technique that has demonstrated its ability to reduce aqueous concentrations of hydrophobic organic compounds. the application of ac, however, requires information on possible ecological effects, especially effects on benthic species. here, we provide data on the effects of ac addition on locomotion, ventilation, sediment avoidance, mortality, and growth of two benthic species, gammarus pulex and asellus aquaticus , i ... | 2011 | 21846106 |
| seasonal variations of the effect of temperature on lethal and sublethal toxicities of ammonia for three common freshwater shredders. | in a context of global change, increases in temperature and in ammonia concentration should strongly affect the crustaceans of wetlands. we experimentally examined, at three different seasons (i.e. winter, spring, and summer), the effect of temperature (12, 18, and 24°c) on the lethal (survival rates) and sublethal (oxygen consumption) toxicity of unionized ammonia (nh(3)) on the amphipods gammarus pulex and gammarus roeselii and the isopod asellus aquaticus. our results demonstrate (1) a gradie ... | 2013 | 22910696 |
| invisible face of boron pollution in fluvial ecosystem: the level in the tissues of sentinel and nectonic organisms. | turkey is the largest producer of borate products in the world. among four largest boron mines in turkey two of them are located in basins of orhaneli and emet streams. in this study, boron levels in abiotic (water-sediment) and some biotic elements (sentinel organisms; asellus aquaticus, gammarus pulex, chironomus tentans, limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and nektonic organism; squalius cii) of orhaneli and emet streams were investigated and their ranks among the food chain were demonstrated. since orh ... | 2013 | 23729295 |
| studying the movement behavior of benthic macroinvertebrates with automated video tracking. | quantifying and understanding movement is critical for a wide range of questions in basic and applied ecology. movement ecology is also fostered by technological advances that allow automated tracking for a wide range of animal species. however, for aquatic macroinvertebrates, such detailed methods do not yet exist. we developed a video tracking method for two different species of benthic macroinvertebrates, the crawling isopod asellus aquaticus and the swimming fresh water amphipod gammarus pul ... | 2015 | 25937901 |
| effects of intra- and interspecific competition on the sensitivity of aquatic macroinvertebrates to carbendazim. | the ecological risk assessment of pesticides and other potentially toxic chemicals is generally based on toxicity data obtained from single-species laboratory experiments. in the field, however, contaminant effects are ubiquitously co-occurring with ecological interactions such as species competition and predation, which might influence the sensitivity of the individuals exposed to toxicants. the present experimental study investigated how intra- and interspecific competition influence the respo ... | 2015 | 26024811 |
| individual and joint toxicity of the herbicide s-metolachlor and a metabolite, deethylatrazine on aquatic crustaceans: difference between ecological groups. | we studied the individual and joint acute toxicity of s-metolachlor (smoc) and deethylatrazine (dea - a metabolite of atrazine) on different non-target freshwater crustaceans. we used animals from different ecological groups: two amphipods from surface running water (gammarus pulex and gammarus cf. orinos), an isopod from surface stagnant water (asellus aquaticus) and an amphipod living in groundwater (niphargus rhenorhodanensis). organisms were exposed to different levels of smoc and dea, alone ... | 2016 | 27643657 |
| interaction between stress induced by competition, predation, and an insecticide on the response of aquatic invertebrates. | the present study investigated the effects of species interactions like competition and (intraguild) predation on the sensitivity of aquatic organisms to the insecticide chlorpyrifos. in the first experiment, combined effects of chlorpyrifos and different levels of intraspecific and interspecific interaction were assessed on gammarus pulex survival using asellus aquaticus as an interacting species. intraspecific and interspecific interactions increased the time to extinction of g. pulex up to a ... | 2017 | 28295548 |
| artificial indoor streams as a method to investigate the impact of chemicals on lotic communities. | the potential hazard of chemicals on aquatic communities are generally evaluated by standardised single-species bioassays. safety assessment is based on results gained from organisms adapted to lentic systems and biological interactions in ecosystems are neglected. while lotic communities are often at first in contact with chemicals, it is astonishing that microcosms with lentic communities are mainly used as a bridge between laboratory bioassays and outdoor aquatic systems. hence, we establishe ... | 2001 | 11360793 |
| the validity of the gammarus:asellus ratio as an index of organic pollution: abiotic and biotic influences. | in freshwaters. gammarus spp. are more sensitive to organic pollution than asellus spp. and the relative abundance of the two taxa has been proposed as a pollution index. we tested the validity of this by examining the relationship between the gammarus: asellus (g : a) ratio and (1) a suite of physico-chemical variables. (2) established biotic (average score per taxon, aspt) and richness (species richness (s) and ephemeroptera, plecoptera and trichoptera families richness (ept family richness)) ... | 2002 | 11767742 |
| predicting invasive species impacts: a community module functional response approach reveals context dependencies. | predatory functional responses play integral roles in predator-prey dynamics, and their assessment promises greater understanding and prediction of the predatory impacts of invasive species. other interspecific interactions, however, such as parasitism and higher-order predation, have the potential to modify predator-prey interactions and thus the predictive capability of the comparative functional response approach. we used a four-species community module (higher-order predator; focal native or ... | 2015 | 25265905 |
| short- and long-term patterns of ¹³⁷cs in fish and other aquatic organisms of small forest lakes in southern finland since the chernobyl accident. | we summarize the patterns of ¹³⁷cs activity concentrations and transfer into fish and other biota in four small forest lakes in southern finland during a twenty-year period following the chernobyl accident in april 1986. the results from summer 1986 showed fastest accumulation of ¹³⁷cs into planktivorous fishes, i.e. along the shortest food chains. since 1987, the highest annual mean values of ¹³⁷cs have been recorded in fish occupying the highest trophic levels, for perch (perca fluviatilis) 13 ... | 2012 | 22036157 |
| aquatic risk assessment of a realistic exposure to pesticides used in bulb crops: a microcosm study. | the fungicide fluazinam, the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin, and the herbicides asulam and metamitron were applied to indoor freshwater microcosms (water volume approximately 0.6 m3). the treatment regime was based on a realistic application scenario in tulip cultivation. concentrations of each pesticide were equal to 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 2%, and 5% spray drift emission of label-recommended rates. contribution of compounds to the toxicity of the pesticide package was established by expressing their c ... | 2004 | 15376534 |
| importance of fungi in the diet of gammarus pulex and asellus aquaticus i: feeding strategies. | the importance of fungi in the trophic biology of the freshwater detritivores gammarus pulex and asellus aquaticus was investigated. inspection of leaves used in feeding trials indicated that whereas a. aquaticus scrapes at the leaf surface, g. pulex bites through the leaf material. both species discriminated between fungal mycelia, fungally colonized and uncolonized leaf material but, although a. aquaticus selectively consumed fungal mycelia, g. pulex fed preferentially on leaf material. fungi ... | 1993 | 28313786 |
| the influence of fresh water pollutants and interaction with asellus aquaticus (l.) on the feeding activity of gammarus pulex (l.). | the feeding response of juvenile amphipod gammarus pulex (l.) was investigated following exposure to freshwater pollutants. the method employed is nondestructive, provides a rapid indication of the status of groups of individuals, and is based on a time-response analysis of the consumption of the eggs of artemia salina and the determination of median feeding times or ft50s. the feeding activity of juvenile g. pulex was found to be a sensitive response criterion for use in assessing the sublethal ... | 1998 | 9419272 |
| importance of fungi in the diet of gammarus pulex and asellus aquaticus : ii. effects on growth, reproduction and physiology. | an important component of the interaction between macroinvertebrates and leaf litter in streams in the extent to which consumers can differentiate between undecomposed and decomposing leaves. the detritivores gammarus pulex and asellus aquaticus fed preferentially on conditioned rather on unconditioned leaf material. growth in a. aquaticus was significantly reduced when unconditioned leaves were provided, but in g. pulex no significant effect of conditioning on growth was observed. the capacity ... | 1993 | 28313643 |
| a long-term copper exposure in a freshwater ecosystem using lotic mesocosms: invertebrate community responses. | a lotic mesocosm study was carried out in 20-m-long channels, under continuous, environmentally realistic concentrations of copper (cu) in low, medium, and high exposures (nominally 0, 5, 25, and 75 μg l-1 ; average effective concentrations <0.5, 4, 20, and 57 μg l-1 respectively) for 18 mo. total abundance, taxa richness, and community structure of zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and emerging insects were severely affected at cu treatment levels of 25 and 75 μg l-1 . some taxa were sensitive t ... | 2017 | 28558138 |
| effects of ph, humic substances and animal interactions on survival and physiological status of asellus aquaticus l. and gammarus pulex (l.) : a field experiment. | the mortality and physiological status (body water content) of asellus aquaticus (isopoda) and gammarus pulex (amphipoda) were measured after 25 days exposure in 20 natural streams with a ph range of 4.3-7.5 and a colour range of 8-280 mg pt l(-1). in addition, the effects of keeping the animals as single species or together were studied. the response of gammarus to low ph was an increased mortality and lower physiological status of surviving individuals in streams with a ph lower than 6.0. in a ... | 1990 | 28312710 |
| individual variability in state-dependent feeding behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks. | we studied state-dependent feeding behaviour of three-spined sticklebacks, gasterosteus aculeatus, during several trials of sequential encounters with 6-mm and 8-mm asellus aquaticus prey. we used stomach fullness (the number of prey eaten previously) as an indicator for state, which we assumed to affect motivation for feeding. dummy variable regression was used to study how the per trial energy consumption, the number of events experienced, feeding efficiency and the average time spent on each ... | 1998 | 9632518 |
| bioaccumulation of cadmium by the freshwater isopod asellus aquaticus (l.) from aqueous and dietary sources. | experiments were conducted to determine the kinetics and relative importance of aqueous and dietary uptake of cadmium by the freshwater isopod asellus aquaticus (l.). test animals were exposed during 30 days to aqueous cd in a continuous flow system (exposure levels: 0.2 - 10 microg litre(-1)) and kept on a diet of previously contaminated elodea sp. (range of cd concentrations: 2-350 microg g(-1), dry weight). preceding semi-static experiments on dosage-control of the dietary factor revealed a r ... | 1989 | 15092341 |
| autochthonous resources are the main driver of consumer production in dystrophic boreal lakes. | dystrophic lakes are widespread in temperate regions and intimately interact with surrounding terrestrial ecosystems in energy and nutrient dynamics, yet the relative importance of autochthonous and allochthonous resources to consumer production in dystrophic lakes remains controversial. we argue that allochthonous organic matter quantitatively dominates over photosynthetic autotrophs in dystrophic lakes, but that autotrophs are higher in diet quality and more important for consumers as they con ... | 2014 | 25039216 |
| comprehensive characterization of the acute and chronic toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam to a suite of aquatic primary producers, invertebrates, and fish. | thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide used widely in agriculture to control a broad spectrum of chewing and sucking insect pests. recent detection of thiamethoxam in surface waters has raised interest in characterizing the potential impacts of this insecticide to aquatic organisms. we report the results of toxicity testing (acute and chronic) conducted under good laboratory practices for more than 30 freshwater species (insects, molluscs, crustaceans, algae, macrophytes, and fish) and 4 ma ... | 2017 | 28493485 |