| current status of food-borne parasitic zoonoses in mediterranean and african regions. | epidemiological data on food-borne parasitic zoonoses of mediterranean and african regions are fragmentary. several studies indicate that toxoplasmosis frequently occurs in africa, but the epidemiological patterns in these countries are far from being complete. serological investigations have been carried out with different methods and the results are not always comparable. food habits, presence or absence of domestic and/or synanthropic felines, and environmental characteristics (damp or dry ar ... | 1991 | 1822944 |
| characterization of spanish trichinella isolates by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). | the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay was used to find molecular markers able to distinguish trichinella spiralis from t. britovi, the two recognized spanish trichinella species. fourteen spanish trichinella isolates, as well as reference trichinella isolates representing the five species t. spiralis (t1), t. nativa (t2), t. britovi (t3), t. pseudospiralis (t4) and t. nelsoni (t7) and the three other taxa trichinella t5, trichinella t6 and trichinella t8 of the genus, were characteri ... | 1996 | 8960230 |
| the detection of trichinella with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers constructed using sequences of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) or sequences of complementary dna encoding excretory-secretory (e-s) glycoproteins. | diagnostic pcr primers for trichinella were constructed. twelve pairs of primers were designed based on the sequences of random amplified polymorphic dna, and 4 pairs of primers were designed based on the reported sequences of complementary dna encoding excretory-secretory glycoproteins. with these primers, 31 samples of dna from different strains of trichinella including 5 species (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi, trichinella nativa, trichinella nelsoni and trichinella pseudospiralis) ... | 1998 | 9778640 |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) for the identification of trichinella isolates. | in the present study, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis was developed to identify 5 species (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi, trichinella nativa, trichinella nelsoni and trichinella pseudospiralis) and 3 phenotypes of uncertain taxonomic status (trichinella t5, t6, and t8). eleven restriction endonucleases were used to restrict 3 dna fragments (1) a 2800 bp fragment of the 43 kda excretory-secretory (e-s) protein gene, (2) a 1250 bp ... | 1999 | 10028536 |
| identification of trichinella isolates by polymerase chain reaction--restriction fragment length polymorphism of the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit i gene. | we developed a polymerase chain reaction based approach using restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit i to identify nine genotypes (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi-european strains, trichinella britovi-japanese strains, trichinella nativa, trichinella nelsoni, trichinella t5, trichinella t6, trichinella t8 and trichinella pseudospiralis) in the genus trichinella. partial mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit i genes of nine genot ... | 1999 | 10501621 |
| molecular investigation of african isolates of trichinella reveals genetic polymorphism in trichinella nelsoni. | molecular genetic studies were carried out on three isolates of trichinella nelsoni (from kenya, tanzania and south africa) and three isolates of trichinella t8 (from south africa and namibia) from sylvatic carnivores and from a sylvatic swine. a probe (pt7.3) specific for t. nelsoni was obtained by screening a puc18 genomic library. the pt7.3 sequence was 346 bp in length with an at content of 70%. the sequence is present approximately 200 times per haploid genome. southern blot analysis of hin ... | 2000 | 10779583 |
| dna fingerprints of trichinella as revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and single-strand conformational polymorphism (rflp-sscp). | a method was developed for gene fingerprinting, combining the principles of restriction fragment length polymorphism and single-strand conformational polymorphism (pcr-rflp-sscp). taking advantage of this method, we analysed the genotypes of 20 isolates from five species of trichinella (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi, trichinella nativa, trichinella murrelli and trichinella pseudospiralis) and two uncertain genotypes (trichinella t6 and trichinella t8). target genes for the analysis i ... | 2000 | 11040092 |
| genetic diversity within the genus trichinella as shown by cleavage fragment length polymorphism analysis. | the genetic diversity within the genus trichinella was studied using cleavage fragment length polymorphism (cflp) analysis. the cflp method generates specific fingerprints based on single nucleotide mutations. by this method the amplified intergenic regions of the 5s rrna genes of the eight different genotypes of trichinella were analysed. the cflp pattern of t. spiralis was completely different compared with the sylvatic species t. britovi, t. nativa, t. nelsoni, and the genotypes trichinella t ... | 2001 | 11316474 |
| taxonomy of trichinella and the epidemiology of infection in the southeast asia and australian regions. | seven species belonging to the trichinella genus (five with encapsulated larvae and two with non-encapsulated larvae in host muscles) and three additional genotypes have been described to date: t. spiralis (genotype t1), a cosmopolitan species with a high infectivity to swine and rats; t. nativa (t2), etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in arctic and subarctic areas of the holarctic region, and its related genotype (trichinella t6), detected in alaska, idaho, montana, pennsylvania, wyom ... | 2001 | 12041576 |
| biochemical analysis of encapsulated and non-encapsulated species of trichinella (nematoda, trichinellidae) from cold- and warm-blooded animals reveals a high genetic divergence in the genus. | multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to analyse genetic variation in the genus trichinella. twenty-eight isolates belonging to eight species and six genotypes were analysed for 12 enzyme systems, producing 19 different phenotypes. according to jaccard's similarity index, the isolates clustered into two main groups, specifically, encapsulated species/genotypes and non-encapsulated species/genotypes. furthermore, the non-encapsulated species clustered into two other groups: the species infec ... | 2003 | 14557876 |
| trichinella britovi etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in the republic of guinea (west africa) and a re-evaluation of geographical distribution for encapsulated species in africa. | in west africa, trichinella infection was documented in humans and animals from senegal in the 1960s, and the biological characters of one isolate showed a lower infectivity to domestic pigs and rodents when compared with that of a trichinella spiralis pig isolate from europe. to identify the trichinella species present in west africa, a survey was conducted in a total of 160 wild animals in the republic of guinea. three viverridae, one true civet (viverra civetta) and two african palm civets (n ... | 2005 | 15964575 |
| two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for the identification of species-specific trichinella antigens. | a proteomic approach was utilized for fine antigenic characterization of the closely related trichinella genotypes trichinella britovi t3 and trichinella t8. crude extract of muscle larvae l1 (lce) from both isolates were analyzed by 2d-page. over 500 protein spots were reproducibly separated in both genotypes. these separated proteins were identified in western blot with igg1 and igg3 from homologous and heterologous hyperimmune sera raised in balb/c mice. a group of 20 and 15 spots migrating a ... | 2005 | 15994008 |
| trichinella nativa and trichinella t9 in the hokkaido island, japan. | trichinella sp. muscle larvae were isolated from the thigh muscle of two red foxes (vulpes vulpes) captured in sapporo and otofuke, hokkaido, japan, in 2003. multiplex pcr designed for genotyping the genus trichinella revealed that the sapporo isolate showed a specific pattern to t. britovi complex (t. britovi, trichinella t8 and trichinella t9) and the otofuke isolate showed that to t. nativa. nucleotide sequences of a part of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) gene and intern ... | 2006 | 17049300 |
| [biology, species biodiversity and distribution of trichinella nematodes]. | from the time of the discovery of trichinella larvae in 1835 until the middle of the next century it was commonly assumed that all trichinellosis was caused by a single species trichinella spiralis. this species is an intracellular parasite in both a larva and an adult stage. the l1 larvae live in a modified skeletal muscles. the adult worms occupy a membrane-bound portion of columnar epitelium, living as intramulticellular parasite. more than century later t. spiralis have been reported from mo ... | 2006 | 17432238 |
| trichinella nelsoni and trichinella t8 mixed infection in a lion (panthera leo) of the kruger national park (south africa). | in south africa, trichinella sp. was first discovered in 1966 in the wildlife of the kruger national park (knp). since then, both trichinella t8 and trichinella nelsoni have been detected in the knp, leading to a debate on the existence of a gene flow between the two taxa. in 2006-2008, four lions were killed in the manyeleti game reserve, the mthethomusha nature reserve, numbi gate, and skukuza, which border the knp. larvae were isolated from muscles by artificial digestion. the molecular ident ... | 2009 | 19041185 |
| prevalence of trichinella spp. in north spain wild fauna and new variety of trichinella britovi identification. | trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi live in apparent sympatry among wild fauna of the iberian peninsula. in the present study 105 trichinella isolates from wild mammals were typed by inter-sequence simple repeat pcr (issr-pcr). all isolates identified as t. spiralis were indistinguishable from the iss48 reference strain. among those belonging to t. britovi, four variations were clearly distinguishable; two of them, iss11 c-76 and iss86 mon, had been previously detected while the iss2 re ... | 2009 | 19084339 |
| trichinella zimbabwensis in a naturally infected mammal. | trichinella zimbabwensis has been detected in wild and farmed nile crocodiles (crocodylus niloticus) and in wild monitor lizards (varanus niloticus) of several african countries, but it has never been detected in mammals in nature, in spite of its infectivity to rodents, pigs, foxes and monkeys under laboratory conditions. the aim of this work was to describe the first detection of t. zimbabwensis in a naturally infected lion (panthera leo) of the kruger national park (knp) of south africa. the ... | 2010 | 19580688 |
| first report of a mixed infection of trichinella nelsoni and trichinella t8 in a leopard (panthera pardus) from the greater kruger national park, south africa. | at least three trichinella species, namely trichinella nelsoni, trichinella britovi and trichinella zimbabwensis, and one genotype (trichinella t8), have been isolated from sylvatic carnivores on the african continent. with the exception of t. britovi, the other species are known to circulate in wildlife of the kruger national park (knp), south africa, and knp neighbouring game reserves (collectively known as the greater knp area). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) appear ... | 2014 | 25686214 |
| first report of a mixed infection of <i>trichinella nelsoni</i> and <i>trichinella</i> t8 in a leopard (<i>panthera pardus</i>) from the greater kruger national park, south africa. | at least three trichinella species, namely trichinella nelsoni, trichinella britovi and trichinella zimbabwensis, and one genotype (trichinella t8), have been isolated from sylvatic carnivores on the african continent. with the exception of t. britovi, the other species are known to circulate in wildlife of the kruger national park (knp), south africa, and knp neighbouring game reserves (collectively known as the greater knp area). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) appear ... | 2014 | 28235280 |
| trichinella infections in animals and humans in sub-saharan africa: a review. | the aim of this review is to provide information on trichinella infection in humans, livestock and wildlife in sub-saharan africa mainly focusing on geographical distribution of species/genotypes, biology, host range, life cycles and to identify research gaps. trichinella britovi, trichinella nelsoni and trichinella zimbabwensis and one genotype (trichinella t8) are known to occur in sub-saharan africa. distinct geographic ranges with overlapping of some taxa in some areas have been observed. ge ... | 2013 | 23041114 |
| nonisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of sequence variability in ribosomal dna expansion segments within the genus trichinella (nematoda: adenophorea). | a nonisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) approach was employed to 'fingerprint' sequence variability in the expansion segment 5 (es5) of domain iv and the d3 domain of nuclear ribosomal dna within and/or among isolates and individual muscle (first-stage) larvae representing all currently recognized species/genotypes of trichinella. in addition, phylogenetic analyses of the d3 sequence data set, employing three different tree-building algorithms, examined the relationships amo ... | 2004 | 15490459 |