| snake venom disintegrin, saxatilin, inhibits platelet aggregation, human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, and smooth muscle cell migration. | a novel disintegrin, saxatilin, was purified from korean snake (gloydius saxatilis) venom by means of chromatographic fractionations. we have also isolated the cdna encoding the disintegrin using cdna library of the snake venom gland and analyzed its complete nucleotide sequence. saxatilin is a single-chain polypeptide composed of 73 amino acids including 12 cysteines as well as the tripeptide sequence arg-gly-asp (rgd), a proposed recognition site of adhesive proteins. molecular mass of saxatil ... | 2002 | 11864711 |
| inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor progression by hydrodynamic cotransfection of angiostatin k1-3, endostatin, and saxatilin genes. | in vivo expression of angiostatin and endostatin, two different types of endothelial cell growth inhibitor, have been reported to inhibit vascularization in tumor tissues, resulting in tumor growth inhibition. recently, in vivo expression of saxatilin, a novel disintegrin purified from snake (gloydius saxatilis) venom, was able to strongly inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and smooth muscle cell migration, resulting in tumor growth inhibition. however, the antitumor efficacy of the individu ... | 2006 | 16410825 |
| acute and repeated dose toxicity studies of recombinant saxatilin, a disintegrin from the korean snake (gloydius saxatilis). | to examine the toxicological effect of saxatilin, a disintegrin isolated from the venom of a korean snake (gloydius saxatilis), recombinant saxatilin was highly expressed as a biologically active form in pichia pastoris, and was successfully purified to homogeneity from the culture broth supernatant. the molecular and biological properties of the recombinant protein were the same as those of its natural form. plasma half-life of the protein in rat was determined to 13.8 min. the maximum tolerate ... | 2008 | 18155118 |
| suppressive effect and mechanism of saxatilin, a disintegrin from korean snake (gloydius saxatilis), in vascular smooth muscle cells. | rgd-peptides can inhibit the binding of ligands to certain beta3 integrins, alphaiibbeta3 and alphavbeta3, both of which are involved in neointimal hyperplasia that contributes to atherosclerosis and restenosis of arterial walls. saxatilin, a disintegrin from a korean snake (gloydius saxatilis), interacts with integrins alphaiibbeta3 and alphavbeta3. it suppressed the adhesion of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hcasmcs) to vitronectin with an ic(50) of 2.5 microm, and growth factor (p ... | 2008 | 18625263 |
| tetrathyridia of mesocestoides lineatus in chinese snakes and their adults recovered from experimental animals. | morphological characteristics of mesocestoides lineatus tetrathyridia collected from chinese snakes and their adults recovered from experimental animals were studied. the tetrathyridia were detected mainly in the mesentery of 2 snake species, agkistrodon saxatilis (25%) and elaphe schrenckii (20%). they were 1.73 by 1.02 mm in average size and had an invaginated scolex with 4 suckers. adult tapeworms were recovered from 2 hamsters and 1 dog, which were orally infected with 5-10 larvae each. adul ... | 2013 | 24327778 |
| genetic identification of spirometra decipiens plerocercoids in terrestrial snakes from korea and china. | human sparganosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with larval forms (procercoid/plerocercoid) of spirometra spp. the purpose of this study was to identify spirometra spp. of infected snakes using a multiplex pcr assay and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial dna sequence data from the spargana of terrestrial snakes obtained from korea and china. a total of 283 snakes were obtained that included 4 species of colubridae comprising rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus (n=150), dinodon rufozonat ... | 2016 | 27180576 |
| molecular evolution and structure-function relationships of crotoxin-like and asparagine-6-containing phospholipases a2 in pit viper venoms. | some myotoxic or neurotoxic pla2s (phospholipases a2) from pit viper venoms contain characteristic n6 substitutions. our survey of the venoms of more than ten pit viper genera revealed that n6-pla2s exist only in limited asian pit vipers of two genera, protobothrops and gloydius, and exist as either monomers or the basic subunits of heterodimers in some new world pit vipers. for the newly identified n6-pla2s, the neuromuscular blocking activities were assayed with the chick biventer cervicis neu ... | 2004 | 15032748 |
| [phylogenetic relationships among viperidae, crotalinae based on mitochondrial 12s rrna sequence variations]. | this paper analyzed the phylogenetic relationships and classification of pit vipers (viperidae, crotalinae) based on mitochondrial 12s rrna gene sequence variations. we have sequenced mtdna 12s rrna gene about 370 bp fragment from gloydius saxatilis emelianov, gloydius shedaoensis zhao, gloydius ussurriensis (emelianov), trimeresurus stejnegeri schmidt and deinagkistrodon acutus, gloydius brevicaudus (stejneger) from two different localities, respectively. combined with the sequence of dinodon s ... | 2000 | 11147345 |
| sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of gloydius saxatilis (squamata: viperidae: crotalinae). | the mitochondrial genome sequence of gloydius saxatilis is analyzed and presented for the public for the first time. the genome was 17,218 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes and 2 control regions. the overall base composition was a (32.3%), c (28.9%), t (25.8%), and g (13.0%). the base compositions presented clearly the a-c skew, which was most obviously in the protein-coding genes. the extended termination-associated sequence domain, ... | 2016 | 25806581 |
| thrombolytic effects of the snake venom disintegrin saxatilin determined by novel assessment methods: a fecl3-induced thrombosis model in mice. | saxatilin, a novel disintegrin purified and cloned from the venom of the korean snake gloydius saxatilis, strongly inhibits activation and aggregation of platelets. glycoprotein (gp) iib/iiia receptor antagonists can resolve thrombus, so saxatilin might also have thrombolytic effects. we investigated the thrombolytic effects of saxatilin in mice using a ferric chloride-induced carotid arterial thrombosis model. thrombotic occlusion and thrombus resolution were evaluated quantitatively by measuri ... | 2013 | 24260554 |
| structure of saxthrombin, a thrombin-like enzyme from gloydius saxatilis. | snake-venom thrombin-like enzymes (svtles) are serine proteases that are widely distributed in snakes from the crotalinae subfamily of the viperidae. in contrast to other snake-venom serine proteases, they have a biochemical activity similar to that of thrombin and play an important role in the process of blood coagulation. however, svtles cannot activate factor viii, which is essential in blood-clot stabilization. consequently, blood clots produced by svtles are not stable and are cleared rapid ... | 2011 | 21821882 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of saxthrombin, a thrombin-like enzyme from gloydius saxatilis venom. | the snake-venom thrombin-like enzymes (svtles) are a class of serine proteinases that show fibrinogen-clotting and esterolytic activities. most tles convert fibrinogen to fibrin by releasing either fibrinopeptide a or fibrinopeptide b and cannot activate factor xiii. the enzymes hydrolyze fibrinogen to produce non-cross-linked fibrins, which are susceptible to the lytic action of plasmin. because of these physiological properties, tles have important medical applications in myocardial infarction ... | 2007 | 17671373 |
| biochemical characterization of a thrombin-like enzyme and a fibrinolytic serine protease from snake (agkistrodon saxatilis) venom. | a thrombin-like enzyme and a fibrinolytic serine protease were purified to homogeneity from the venom of a korean snake agkistrodon saxatilis emelianov. both the purified enzymes migrated as a single protein band corresponding to 39 kda in sds-page. however, the molecular mass was reduced to 28 kda by enzymatic removal of the n-linked carbohydrates in those two different enzyme species. although the thrombin-like enzyme and the fibrinolytic protease show homologous features in their molecular si ... | 2001 | 11024495 |
| clinical implications of coagulotoxic variations in mamushi (viperidae: gloydius) snake venoms. | snake bite is currently one of the most neglected tropical diseases affecting much of the developing world. asian pit vipers are responsible for a considerable amount of envenomations annually and bites can cause a multitude of clinical complications resulting from coagulopathic and neuropathic effects. while intense research has been undertaken for some species of asian pit viper, functional coagulopathic effects have been neglected for others. we investigated their effects upon the human clott ... | 2019 | 31306806 |