| chromoblastomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera. | exophiala spinifera is reported as a newly recognized agent of chromoblastomycosis. this case demonstrates that infections caused by dematiaceous fungi may be variable and that a single fungus may cause more than one type of infection. chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis represent extremes of a continuum of infections. | 1992 | 1569261 |
| exoantigen test for the rapid identification of exophiala spinifera. | exophiala spinifera, one of the etiologic agents of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, may be wrongly identified as exophiala jeanselmei because of the morphologic similarity of the two species. a reagent containing a precipitin specific for e. spinifera was produced by absorbing antiserum to e. spinifera with e. jeanselmei serotype 1 antigen. using this absorbed antiserum, we were able to correctly identify isolates of e. spinifera and differentiate them from those of exophiala alcalophila, e. jea ... | 1991 | 1719180 |
| subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis of the finger caused by exophiala spinifera. | a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis treated with prednisone had a painless soft tissue nodule develop on the dorsal aspect of the ring finger. she denied any history of hand trauma, animal exposure, or systemic symptoms such as fever or malaise. fungal cultures performed on an aseptically obtained aspirate of this lesion demonstrated dark, olive-black creamy colonies on sabouraud's agar. slide cultures made from mold colonies produced slender conidial forms with annellations and spine-lik ... | 1989 | 2655427 |
| phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera in two cats. | the dematiaceous fungus exophiala spinifera was isolated from a cutaneous lesion on the paw of a male domestic shorthair cat and from the nasal exudate and abscess contents from a female domestic shorthair cat. treatment with ketoconazole (10 mg kg-1 daily) resulted in improvement in the first cat but unfortunately this animal was subsequently lost to follow-up. the second cat was treated initially by the same regimen without apparent benefit. the dose of ketoconazole was subsequently increased ... | 1989 | 2795405 |
| evaluation of the api 20c yeast identification system for the differentiation of some dematiaceous fungi. | ninety-seven isolates of cladosporium spp., exophiala spp., fonsecaea spp., lecythophora hoffmannii, phaeoannellomyces werneckii, phialophora spp., wangiella dermatitidis, and xylohypha bantiana were used to evaluate the api 20c yeast identification system for the differentiation of dematiaceous fungi. using the api 20c system, we were able to distinguish most species of phialophora and cladosporium and to separate l. hoffmannii from the species of phialophora tested; x. bantiana from c. carrion ... | 1989 | 2808678 |
| production of capsule and conidia by yeast-like cells of phialophora spinifera and phialophora jeanselmei. | | 1973 | 4703463 |
| subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera. | the second human subcutaneous infection due to exophiala spinifera from the united states is described. identification was based on the morphology of the fungus in tissue and the morphological features of the culture obtained from the biopsy material. correct diagnosis and treatment with ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine cured the infection. | 1984 | 6098032 |
| phaeohyphomycosis in el salvador caused by exophiala spinifera. | we identified exophiala spinifera as the causal agent in a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in el salvador. identification was based on the morphology of the fungus in tissue and the microscopic features of the culture obtained from the biopsy material. this case is the first of this type to be documented from central america. | 1983 | 6683942 |
| nature and identification of exophiala werneckii. | the morphological and physiological characteristics of 44 isolates of exophiala werneckii recovered from human and environmental sources were indistinguishable from 2 isolates that caused tinea nigra. casein hydrolysis and inability to decompose tyrosine differentiate e. werneckii from exophiala jeanselmei, exophiala spinifera, and wangiella dermatitidis. | 1982 | 7153351 |
| report of chronic subcutaneous abscesses caused by exophiala spinifera. | a case of phaeohyphomycosis with subcutaneous abscesses involving skin, muscle and bone was caused by exophiala spinifera. this is the first report of e. spinifera causing bone degeneration in recife-pe, brazil. | 1994 | 7984215 |
| subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. | we report the case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with multiple swellings all over the body. his condition remained undiagnosed for over 3 years. exophiala spinifera was recovered from pus drained from the swellings. we discuss the difficulties in the initial diagnosis and the ease of correct diagnosis once we had used special fungal stains. | 1993 | 8370951 |
| nutritional physiology of type isolates of currently accepted species of exophiala and phaeococcomyces. | nutritional physiological and tolerance tests were performed for all type strains of species currently classified in the black yeast genera exophiala and phaeococcomyces, including some additional type strains of taxa recently reidentified as exophiala species. most described exophiala species can be distinguished by physiological characters. exophiala jeanselmei with its varieties, and e. castellanii should all be retained as separate taxa. the pairs of strains mycotorula schawii/exophiala derm ... | 1995 | 8526480 |
| mitochondrial dna analysis of exophiala spinifera. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) was examined in 36 isolates of exophiala spinifera (8 isolates from brazil, 9 from china, 15 from columbia, 1 from the united states and 2 from venezuela). e. spinifera isolates displayed a high degree of mtdna diversity in rflp patterns and were clustered into six genetically heterogeneous groups (group 1 through group 6). isolates of group 2 including the type strain seemed to have a worldwide distribution. rflp patte ... | 1995 | 8532056 |
| chromoblastomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera. | we report the second case of chromoblastomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera; this is the first known case in the united states. examination of biopsied tissue showed thick-walled, internally septated, chestnut brown muriform cells (sclerotic bodies) within multinucleated giant cells present in the dermis that were characteristic of chromoblastomycosis. the individual cells within the muriform cells disarticulated from the outer wall of the parent cell and from each other to form endoconidia w ... | 1996 | 8838192 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of nikkomycin z in combination with fluconazole or itraconazole. | nikkomycins are nucleoside-peptide antibiotics produced by streptomyces species with antifungal activities through the inhibition of chitin synthesis. we investigated the antifungal activities of nikkomycin z alone and in combination with fluconazole and itraconazole. checkerboard synergy studies were carried out by a macrobroth dilution procedure with rpmi 1640 medium at ph 6.0. at least 10 strains of the following fungi were tested: candida albicans, other candida spp., cryptococcus neoformans ... | 1999 | 10348760 |
| oxidative deamination of hydrolyzed fumonisin b(1) (ap(1)) by cultures of exophiala spinifera. | fumonisins are mycotoxins of world-wide distribution in maize infected by the fungus fusarium verticillioides. they are highly toxic to certain livestock and are potential carcinogens. exophiala spinifera, a black yeast fungus found on moldy maize kernels, was identified previously as capable of growing on fumonisin b1 as a sole carbon source and thus is a potential source for fumonisin detoxifying enzymes. pure cultures of e. spinifera transform fumonisin b(1) to the amino polyol ap(1) plus fre ... | 1999 | 10441035 |
| a case of cutaneous exophiala spinifera infection. | a 66-year-old female had a solitary dark-red nodule measuring 1 cm in diameter on her left forearm. she often had trauma to her hands and arms. a histopathologic examination demonstrated granulomatous changes in the dermis. under the high-power magnification yeast-like cells and short toruloid hyphal elements were observed in the granuloma. a few giant cells contained fungal elements. no sclerotic cells were found. on the basis of the histopathologic and mycologic findings, the lesion was diagno ... | 2000 | 10660638 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of 11 clinical isolates of exophiala species to six antifungal drugs. | the antifungal activities of miconazole, terbinafine, itraconazole, ur 9825, voriconazole and amphotericin b against 11 clinical isolates of exophiala spp. were tested by the broth microdilution method. all drugs were very active against exophiala spp.. the 90% minimal inhibitory concentration (mic90) ranged from 0.125 to 1 microgram ml-1. terbinafine was the most active drug against exophiala spinifera, exophiala dermatitidis and exophiala castellanii and seems to be a promising agent in the tr ... | 2000 | 11036402 |
| in vitro activity of fk463, a novel lipopeptide antifungal agent, against a variety of clinically important molds. | the in vitro antifungal activity of fk463 against a variety of clinically important opportunistic molds was compared with amphotericin b, itraconazole and fluconazole by using the broth microdilution method m27-a specified by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. fk463 exhibited potent activity against aspergillus species, which was superior to those of all other compounds tested. fk463 was also active against the dematiaceous fungi cladosporium trichoides, exophiala spinifer ... | 2002 | 12011539 |
| histopathological examination of in vitro bone degeneration caused by a black yeast, exophiala spinifera. | exophiala spinifera, a black yeast, rarely causes systemic infection, and only a very few cases of its infection by the invasion of internal organs or bones have been reported. we examined the ability of e. spinifera to invade bone tissues in vitro. the fungus was inoculated on the surface of murine bones, and then these bones were incubated at 30 c for 2, 4, and 12 weeks on water agar plates and on brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 1%glucose (bhia) plates. histopathological examinatio ... | 2002 | 12402028 |
| exopolysaccharides and capsules in human pathogenic exophiala species. | the black yeasts exophiala spinifera and e. dermatitidis produce extracellular slimes, which may be either in the form of a well-delimited capsule or of diffusely exuded exopolysaccharides (eps). the optimal conditions for their production were studied. the presence or absence of polysaccharide material can be used for recognition of the two species. five-day-old cultures grown on potato glucose agar at 24 degrees c were observed in india ink, and positive identification for e. spinifera was obt ... | 2002 | 12472718 |
| molecular diversity, new species and antifungal susceptibilities in the exophiala spinifera clade. | black yeasts morphologically identified as exophiala cf. spinifera were re-analyzed on the basis of morphology, nutritional physiology and its rdna sequencing data. ribosomal small subunit (ssu) dna sequence data confirmed that strains belonged to a clade containing the ex-type strain of e. spinifera. variation in the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of the rdna was studied within this group. five infraspecific groups were delineated. phylogenetic analysis of the ssu rdna data revealed t ... | 2002 | 12521118 |
| in vitro activity of amphotericin b and itraconazole in combination with flucytosine, sulfadiazine and quinolones against exophiala spinifera. | the combined effects of antifungal and antibiotic drugs against exophiala spinifera were evaluated in vitro by the chequer-board method, calculated as a fractional inhibitory concentration (fic) index. amphotericin b was combined with flucytosine and ciprofloxacin, whereas itraconazole was combined with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin and sulfadiazine. synergic effects were observed for the combinations of itraconazole with ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, and amphotericin b with ciprof ... | 2003 | 12697648 |
| in vitro activity of amphotericin b, itraconazole, terbinafine and 5-fluocytosine against exophiala spinifera and evaluation of post-antifungal effects. | antifungal susceptibility profiles were determined for 16 strains of the black yeast exophiala spinifera applying different temperature regimens. fluconazole was the least effective in vitro. lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) values were found with itraconazole. the activities of antifungal agents against environmental and clinical strains were similar. post-antifungal effect (pafe) of four drugs was determined for 11 clinical strains. pafe was observed only for amphotericin b, with ... | 2003 | 12964723 |
| species diversity and polymorphism in the exophiala spinifera clade containing opportunistic black yeast-like fungi. | a monophyletic group of black yeast-like fungi containing opportunistic pathogens around exophiala spinifera is analyzed using sequences of the small-subunit (ssu) and internal transcribed spacer (its) domains of ribosomal dna. the group contains yeast-like and annellidic species (anamorph genus exophiala) in addition to sympodial taxa (anamorph genera ramichloridium and rhinocladiella). the new species exophiala oligosperma, ramichloridium basitonum, and rhinocladiella similis are introduced an ... | 2003 | 14532218 |
| phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera in india. | the second case of phaeohyphomycosis due to exophiala spinifera in india has been diagnosed 46 years after the initial case. the present case involved a 12-year-old female patient with no known immunocompromising conditions. she presented with multiple verrucous, well-defined plaques encompassing phaeohyphomycotic lesions of varying sizes on her face, chest, arms and thighs. lymph node involvement in dissemination was confirmed by demonstrating pigmented fungal elements in histopathology of the ... | 2003 | 14653520 |
| case study: posaconazole treatment of disseminated phaeohyphomycosis due to exophiala spinifera. | a 41-year-old woman with no known immunosuppression experienced a 12-year period of a relapsing phaeohyphomycosis. despite administration of multiple courses of therapy with standard antifungals, sustained clinical remission was not achieved. a partial response was seen initially with the combination of itraconazole and flucytosine therapy, but the patient did not respond to subsequent treatment. during the patient's pregnancy, the mycosis became disseminated, with lymphadenopathy and fever, and ... | 2004 | 14727230 |
| identification of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi and related taxa based on large subunit ribosomal dna d1/d2 domain sequence analysis. | the nucleotide sequences of the d1/d2 domains of large subunit (26s) ribosomal dna for 76 strains of 46 species of pathogenic dematiaceous fungi and related taxa were determined. intra-species sequence diversity of medically important dematiaceous fungi including phialophora verrucosa, fonsecaea pedrosoi, fonsecaea compacta, cladophialophora carrionii, cladophialophora bantiana, exophiala dermatitidis, exophiala jeanselmei, exophiala spinifera, exophiala moniliae, and hortaea werneckii were extr ... | 2004 | 14734185 |
| [in vitro susceptibility of dematiaceous fungi to ten antifungal drugs using an agar diffusion test]. | we assessed the usefulness of an agar diffusion method, neosensitabs, to determine in vitro sensitivity of 52 isolates of dematiaceous filamentous fungi against ten antifungal agents: amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine, bifonazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, and griseofulvin. for the preparation of the inoculum, a spectrophotometric method including both shadomy and casitone agar (cas) culture media was used. dematiaceous filamentous fungi were ... | 2001 | 15487919 |
| [subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to exophiala spinifera in a renal transplant recipient]. | among the dematiaceous fungi responsible for human or animal phaeohyphomycosis, the exophiala genus is a well-known etiologic agent and presently includes nine species considered as opportunist pathogens. to our knowledge, exophiala spinifera has been reported as causative agent of only thirteen cases of cutaneous or systemic phaeohyphomycosis. we describe some typical phaeohyphomycotic cysts. | 2005 | 15924051 |
| concurrent double infections of the skin: phaeohyphomycosis and nocardiosis in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. | we describe a case of concurrent double infection with phaeohyphomycosis and lymphocutaneous nocardiosis in an immunocompromised host. the episode occurred almost simultaneously with an incident of insect bites. exophiala spinifera was isolated from lesions on the left arm and nocardia asteroides was isolated from lesions on the right hand. clinical resolution occurred within 5 months after initiation of antimicrobial treatment with oral itraconazole and minocycline. we believe that this case re ... | 2005 | 16227108 |
| chromomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera. | chromomycosis is a chronic, localized infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues caused by dematiaceous fungi of several genera. it has distinctive clinical, pathological and mycological characteristics. exophiala spinifera is a well-established aetiological agent of phaeohyphomycosis, but there are only two reported cases worldwide of this dematiaceous fungus causing chromomycosis. we report the first known case in the uk of e. spinifera causing chromomycosis. | 2006 | 16487101 |
| pheohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera: a rare occurrence. | a 10-year-old immunocompetent boy presented with multiple, verrucous, disseminated pheohyphomycotic lesions caused by exophiala spinifera. the patient was not responsive to combination antifungal therapy (itraconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole) and cryotherapy. as antifungal susceptibility is known to be variable for exophiala spinifera, in vitro sensitivity testing is recommended before medical treatment. this article reviews, in brief, all cases documented so far in the english literature. | 2008 | 18173600 |
| exophiala spinifera and its allies: diagnostics from morphology to dna barcoding. | diagnostic features of morphology, physiology, serology and genetics of species belonging to the exophiala spinifera clade (including 11 species: exophiala oligosperma, e. spinifera, e. xenobiotica, e. jeanselmei, e. exophialae, e. nishimurae, e. bergeri, e. nigra, rhinocladiella similis, ramichloridium basitonum and phaeoannellomyces elegans), comprising a large number of human-associated exophiala species, are summarized. several species have closely similar morphological characters and physio ... | 2008 | 18404547 |
| [ulcerated nodular lesions on extremities of patient undergoing treatment for glioblastoma on french caribbean island of martinique]. | phaeohyphomycosis comprises a disparate group of cutaneous and systemic mycotic infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. the exophiala genus includes more than 20 species. the purpose of this report is to describe a case of phaeohyphomycosis due to exophiala spinifera in a patient under treatment for cerebral glioblastoma on the french caribbean island of martinique. a 73-year-old man who was undergoing treatment for a cerebral glioblastoma using radiotherapy, chemotherapy and systemic corticost ... | 2008 | 19068991 |
| exophiala spinifera as a cause of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis: case study and review of the literature. | exophiala spinifera has been reported as an agent of cutaneous disease 18 times in the literature. clinical presentations of cutaneous lesions vary widely, including erythematous papules, verrucous plaques, and deep subcutaneous abscesses. the clinical distribution and course of disease are also variable, depending on the age and immune competency of the patient. histologic appearance occurs in one of two patterns--phaeohyphomycosis or chromoblastomycosis. while e. spinifera appears to be suscep ... | 2009 | 19101838 |
| fungal growth on anion surfactant medium. | before the present study, no fungi using anion surfactant as a nutrient had been identified, although some fungi were known to use nonion surfactant. washing water collected from 63 washing machines was inoculated onto 0.1% las (sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate) anion surfactant media to identify fungi that can feed on anion-surfactant. small dark colonies of fungi were found on several of the petri-dishes from 12 days after inoculation. these were identified as cladophialophora boppii and exophi ... | 2009 | 20055223 |
| fatal exophiala infections in china, with a report of seven cases. | summary during the past four decades, seven patients were documented in china to have died from exophiala infections. causative agents were exophiala dermatitidis, exophiala spinifera, exophiala jeanselmei and a new exophiala species, exophiala asiatica. we retrospectively analysed the clinical characteristics of these infections in china and confirmed the identity of aetiological agents of chinese fatal cases using rdna its sequence analysis. while e. dermatitidis displayed neurotropism, e. spi ... | 2010 | 20337943 |
| subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to exophiala spinifera in an immunocompromised host. | a case of phaeohyphomycosis presenting as multiple subcutaneous abscesses in a young lady with deteriorating liver function was reported here. the lesion started as a solitary abscess in the neck, mimicking tuberculous cold abscess and rapidly involved the face, chest, arms, and legs within six months with ulceration and discharge of thick brownish foul smelling pus. potassium hydroxide mount of pus from various sites revealed septate dematiaceous hyphae and pseudohyphae. culture yielded pure gr ... | 2010 | 20966581 |
| Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala spinifera in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | Exophiala spinifera can induce both phaeohyphomycosis and chromomycosis. To date there have been 18 human infections caused by E. spinifera in the English literature. A case of E. spinifera-induced phaeohyphomycosis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is described. Direct microscopic examination of the pus showed branched, septate and chained hyphae and spores. A dark green velvety colony grew on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Slide culture showed branched, septate hyphae and spine-li ... | 2011 | 22065094 |
| multiple subcutaneous cysts due to exophiala spinifera in an immunocompetent patient. | here we report a case of a 55-year-old indian male presenting with multiple subcutaneous cysts, which developed from painful nodules at the dorsal right wrist joint. subsequently a painful nodule appeared on the left knee joint. cytological examination of the knee swelling revealed a suppurative inflammatory lesion consisting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, multinucleated giant cells and few fungal elements, without involvement of the overlying skin. exophiala spinifera was cultured (cbs 125607) an ... | 2011 | 21916783 |
| mycological monitoring of selected aquatic ecosystems in the context of epidemiological hazards. drinking water. | many species of microfungi are reported in aquatic ecosystems with different frequency. their number constantly fluctuates depending on the concentration of environmental and anthropogenic factors. drinking water, tap and bottled, is essential for the proper functioning of the human body. it is also the main component of food and hence it should be safe for human health and free of contaminants. the mycological purity of tap water in two large cities in the region (olsztyn and ostrołęka) and a s ... | 2014 | 25281816 |
| in vitro susceptibility of chromoblastomycosis agents to five antifungal drugs and to the combination of terbinafine and amphotericin b. | chromoblastomycosis is a chronic mycosis that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by several genera of dematiaceous fungi. there is not a treatment of choice. thus, tools that help guide clinical practice are fundamental. in this sense, antifungal activity tests in vitro could be useful. however, trials with chromoblastomycosis agents are scarce. the aim of this study was to evaluate both the in vitro susceptibility of 60 chromoblastomycosis agents to five antifungals and the combin ... | 2014 | 23895037 |
| inherited card9 deficiency in 2 unrelated patients with invasive exophiala infection. | exophiala species are mostly responsible for skin infections. invasive exophiala dermatitidis disease is a rare and frequently fatal infection, with 42 cases reported. about half of these cases had no known risk factors. similarly, invasive exophiala spinifera disease is extremely rare, with only 3 cases reported, all in patients with no known immunodeficiency. autosomal recessive card9 deficiency has recently been reported in otherwise healthy patients with severe fungal diseases caused by cand ... | 2015 | 25057046 |
| in vitro susceptibility of environmental isolates of exophiala dermatitidis to five antifungal drugs. | several dematiaceous fungi frequently isolated from nature are involved in cases of superficial lesions to lethal cerebral infections. antifungal susceptibility data on environmental and clinical isolates are still sparse despite the advances in testing methods. the objective of this study was to examine the activities of 5-flucytosine, amphotericin b, itraconazole, voriconazole and terbinafine against environmental isolates of exophiala strains by minimum inhibition concentration (mic) determin ... | 2013 | 23229615 |
| multifocal but non-disseminated phaeohyphomycosis in a healthy man via a unique mechanism: ejection from mva into a vegetable field in afghanistan resulting in multiple contaminated skin wounds. | a 20 year-old male presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules on the head, neck, chest and oral cavity. fna and biopsy showed pigmented fungal hyphae diagnostic of multifocal phaeohyphomycosis, found to be exophiala spinifera by molecular diagnostics. the presentation initially raised concern for disseminated disease and occult immunosuppression. however, the patient appeared to be immunocompetent and otherwise healthy. upon further inquiry, the patient was in a motor vehicle accident four yea ... | 2017 | 28349548 |
| subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera in a european patient with lymphoma: a rare occurrence case report and literature review. | exophiala spinifera is a dematiaceous fungus responsible for rare skin infections presenting as phaeohyphomycosis or chromoblastomycosis which has been primarily reported in tropical and subtropical areas (asia, south and north america). we report the first case of e. spinifera phaeohyphomycosis in a european patient. the phaeohyphomycosis was limited to the skin, involving the finger of an immunocompromised patient presenting with a large b-cell lymphoma treated by r-mini-chop regimen. remissio ... | 2016 | 27456474 |
| chromoblastomycosis associated with bone and central nervous involvement system in an immunocompetent child caused by exophiala spinifera. | chromoblastomycosis is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by specific group of dematiaceous fungi. the infection results from traumatic injury and is seen more commonly on feet and lower legs. it is rarely seen in children and metastatic spread to other systems is exceptionally rare. we report a 12-year-old immunocompetent male child diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis on the lower leg, who in a span of few months developed osteomyelitis and left hemipare ... | 2017 | 27293256 |
| heterotrophic bioleaching of sulfur, iron, and silicon impurities from coal by fusarium oxysporum fe and exophiala spinifera fm with growing and resting cells. | coal is the most abundant fossil fuel containing sulfur and other elements which promote environmental pollution after burning. also the silicon impurities make the transportation of coal expensive. in this research, two isolated fungi from oil contaminated soil with accessory number kf554100 (fusarium oxysporum fe) and kc925672 (exophiala spinifera fm) were used for heterotrophic biological leaching of coal. the leaching were detected by ftir, chns, xrf analyzer and compared with iron and sulfa ... | 2016 | 26883128 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of exophiala polymorpha sp. nov. isolated from sporotrichoid lymphocutaneous lesions in a patient with myasthenia gravis. | exophiala species are capable of causing cutaneous and subcutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients. an exophiala isolate was cultured from a biopsy specimen of a lesion on the forearm of a patient with myasthenia gravis. the patient also had lesions on the palm and distal aspects of the hand, which were successfully treated with a long-term course of itraconazole. a detailed morphological and molecular characterization of the isolate was undertaken. phylogenetic analysis of the interna ... | 2015 | 26085612 |
| a novel metabolite (1,3-benzenediol, 5-hexyl) production by exophiala spinifera strain fm through dibenzothiophene desulfurization. | sulfur dioxide which is released from petroleum oil combustion causes pollution over the atmosphere and the soil. biodesulfurization can be used as a complementary method of hydrodesulfurization, the common method of petroleum desulfurization in refineries. many studies have been carried out to develop biological desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (dbt) with bacterial biocatalysts. however, fungi are capable to metabolize a wide range of aromatic hydrocarbons through cytochrome p450 and their e ... | 2015 | 25752234 |
| phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera: an increasing disease in young females in mainland china? two case reports and review of five cases reported from mainland china. | no more than 30 cases of phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera have been reported up to now in english and chinese literature over the past half century. here, we reported two cases of phaeohyphomycosis caused by e. spinifera and reviewed all the five cases reported from mainland china. these two involved were both young female, one patient experiencing recurrence during pregnancy and the other developing multiple-site infections without apparent immunodeficiency. the aetiological agen ... | 2015 | 25590223 |
| cutaneous and mucosal phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera in a pregnant patient: case report and literature review. | we report a case of mucocutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera. crusty plaques and nodules were major clinical features. histological examination revealed brown yeast-like cells and hyphae. mycological and molecular data identified e. spinifera as etiologic agent. oral itraconazole was effective, which was in accordance with the results of in vitro susceptibility testing. we speculated that her pregnancy may play a role of risk factor in the infection by e. spinifera. | 2013 | 23334555 |
| chronic disfiguring facial lesions in an immunocompetent patient due to exophiala spinifera: a case report and review of literature. | exophiala spinifera is a rare fungus causing chromoblastomycosis or different types of phaeohyphomycosis (cutaneous, subcutaneous, disseminated and cyst phaeohyphomycosis). we report a case of a young male with phaeohyphomycosis due to e. spinifera, who had multiple itchy painful papular lesions disfiguring his face for 4 years. his diagnosis was delayed and had received antibacterial and antileishmanial therapy elsewhere without any improvement. while he reported to our hospital, the histopatho ... | 2012 | 22660887 |
| a case of exophiala spinifera infection in southern brazil: molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility. | we report a case of an 80-year-old brazilian man, farmer, with lesions on the dorsum of the hand. a direct mycological examination, cultivation and microculture slide observation was performed. the sequencing of its1-5.8s rdna-its2 region was carried out and the etiological agent confirmed as exophiala spinifera. the in vitro susceptibility of this isolate to antifungal agents alone and in combination was evaluated. this is the third case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera in bra ... | 2012 | 24371743 |
| comparative ecology of capsular exophiala species causing disseminated infection in humans. | exophiala spinifera and exophiala dermatitidis (fungi: chaetothyriales) are black yeast agents potentially causing disseminated infection in apparently healthy humans. they are the only exophiala species producing extracellular polysaccharides around yeast cells. in order to gain understanding of eventual differences in intrinsic virulence of the species, their clinical profiles were compared and found to be different, suggesting pathogenic strategies rather than coincidental opportunism. ecolog ... | 2017 | 29312215 |
| impaired specific anti-fungal immunity in card9-deficient patients with phaeohyphomycosis. | phaeohyphomycosis is a group of severe infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. we previously identified card9 deficiencies in four chinese patients with phaeohyphomycosis caused by phialophora verrucosa. in this study, we sought to identify the genetic and immunological mechanisms underlying rare dematiaceous fungal infections in three otherwise healthy patients with phaeohyphomycosis caused by exophiala spinifera, ochroconis musae, and corynespora cassiicola. card9 sequencing in these patients ... | 2017 | 29080677 |