| blood parasites of five species of lizards trapped in abha province, saudi arabia. | five species of lizards, agama yemenensis, a. adramitana, chamaeleo chamaeleon, c. calyptratus and acanthodactylus baskinaus were trapped alive from abha province. serological and parasitological examinations of blood revealed antibodies against toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis. blood films showed hepatozoon spp. the results were discussed with reference to their role as reservoir hosts. | 1998 | 9914710 |
| the first chameleon transcriptome: comparative genomic analysis of the oxphos system reveals loss of cox8 in iguanian lizards. | recently, we found dramatic mitochondrial dna divergence of israeli chamaeleo chamaeleon populations into two geographically distinct groups. we aimed to examine whether the same pattern of divergence could be found in nuclear genes. however, no genomic resource is available for any chameleon species. here we present the first chameleon transcriptome, obtained using deep sequencing (solid). our analysis identified 164,000 sequence contigs of which 19,000 yielded unique blastx hits. to test the e ... | 0 | 24009133 |
| the retinopetal visual system in the chameleon (chameleo chameleon). | intraocular injections of rhodamine and horseradish peroxidase in chameleon, labelled retrogradely neurons in the ventromedial tegmental region of the mesencephalon and the ventrolateral thalamus of the diencephalon. in both areas, staining was observed contralaterally to the injected eye. labelling was occasionally observed in some rhombencephalic motor nuclei. these results indicate that chameleons, unlike other reptilian species, have two retinopetal nuclei. | 1997 | 9476209 |
| quantitative and topographical study of retinal ganglion cells in the chameleon (chameleo chameleon). | chameleons display a number of well-described physiological peculiarities of their visual system, but there is no information on the topography of the retinal ganglion cell layer. in the present study, ganglion cell density of the chameleon retina was constructed from whole mounts of the retina stained with cresyl violet. for the identification of ganglion cells, these latter cells were labelled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase applied to the optic nerve. using this criterion, the propor ... | 1997 | 9365807 |
| relating lateralization of eye use to body motion in the avoidance behavior of the chameleon (chamaeleo chameleon). | lateralization is mostly analyzed for single traits, but seldom for two or more traits while performing a given task (e.g. object manipulation). we examined lateralization in eye use and in body motion that co-occur during avoidance behaviour of the common chameleon, chamaeleo chameleon. a chameleon facing a moving threat smoothly repositions its body on the side of its perch distal to the threat, to minimize its visual exposure. we previously demonstrated that during the response (i) eye use an ... | 2013 | 23967099 |
| [comparative immunochemical study of the serum proteins of lacertilia (reptilia)]. | the immunochemical relationships of the serum proteins of uromastix acanthinurus, agama mutabilis, oplurus cuvieri, o. quadrimaculatus, chamaeleo chamaeleon, chalcides ocellatus and lacerta lepida were studied by means of immunoelectrophoresis with an antiserum anti-uromastix successively absorbed. homogeneity of the iguania species was pointed out and they were found more closely related to the scincid chalcides ocellatus than to the lacertid lacerta lepida. within the iguania, the two agamids ... | 1978 | 116608 |
| the contextual separation of lateral white line patterns in chameleons. | while many animals display different colour patterns that signal different messages, some species use various tactics to separate between colour and pattern displays. the common chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleon) is capable of rapidly changing and separating among displays of colour patterns and ornaments. we used chameleons to study the contextual role of separation among colour and pattern displays. specifically, we studied the predominant white badge, which is composed of multiple parts, during ... | 2018 | 29410833 |
| hematology and clinical chemistry in dystocic and healthy post-reproductive female chameleons. | prevalence of egg-laying disorders and hematology and blood chemical parameters were analyzed in free-ranging common chameleons (chamaeleo chamaeleon) from southern spain. during four reproductive seasons oviposition failures occurred only during dry years. egg binding appeared to be an important cause of mortality. oviductal eggs of dystocic females were longer and wider than those of females with normal oviposition. blood cell counts, white blood cell differentials, hematocrit, and concentrati ... | 2002 | 12038139 |
| oil droplets in the chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleo) retina. | the cones of the chameleon retina have, in the scleral portion of their inner segment, an oil drop whose morphology is similar in all the photoreceptors possessing this droplet. the irregularities in the membrane surrounding the lipid matrix show close relationships with the surrounding mitochondria. | 1981 | 7282288 |
| microstructure of scales in selected lizard species. | in the present study, it was hypothesized that micromorphology of the surface of many lizard scales appears to mimic the topography of the habitat in which they live. many authors have suggested that the microstructure of the superficial surface of scales have undergone important adaptations and have functional value in lizards. in this study, we investigated the variation and adaptation of the micromorphology and microstructure of the superficial surface of the dorsal and ventral scales from th ... | 2019 | 30622416 |
| karyological and bioinformatic data on the common chameleon chamaeleo chamaeleon. | the data presented in this paper stand as supplementary information of the associated article "karyological characterization of the common chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleon) provides insights on the evolution and diversification of sex chromosomes in chamaeleonidae" [1]. this work provides (i) raw experimental data on the karyology of the common chameleon chamaeleo chamaeleon and (ii) the results of bioinformatic analysis on sex-specific and repeated dna sequences found in the same species. the ka ... | 2020 | 32420428 |
| karyological characterization of the common chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleon) provides insights on the evolution and diversification of sex chromosomes in chamaeleonidae. | chameleons display high karyological diversity in chromosome number (from 2n = 20 to 62), morphology, heterochromatin distribution and location of specific chromosomal markers, making them unique study models in evolutionary cytogenetics. however, most available cytogenetic data are limited to the description of the chromosome number and morphology. concerning sex chromosomes, our knowledge is limited to zz/zw and z1z1z2z2/z1z2w systems in the genus furcifer and the isolation of sex-linked, male ... | 2020 | 32291142 |
| lack of maintenance of motorway fences works against their intended purpose with potential negative impacts on protected species. | linear infrastructure intrusions into natural ecosystems, such as motorways and high-speed railways, causes direct loss of habitat but also impacts fauna through collisions. wildlife road mortality is well documented and extensive conservation legislation exists in many countries to minimise the negative impact of these infrastructures. however, although these measures are implemented because of legislation, these structures are often not adequately maintained. here we present data on the functi ... | 2020 | 31964998 |
| venous blood gases, plasma biochemistry, and hematology of wild-caught common chameleons (chamaeleo chamaeleon). | the purpose of this study was to determine a wide range of selected hematologic, venous blood gases, and plasma biochemistry analytes in common chameleons (chamaeleo chamaeleon). blood samples were collected from the ventral tail vein of 41 common chameleons to determine reference intervals for 30 different blood analytes. the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, packed cell volume (pcv), refractometric total solids (ts), blood cell counts, and differentials were also determined. the microscopic evaluat ... | 2018 | 29755190 |
| clinical chameleons: an emergency medicine focused review of carbon monoxide poisoning. | carbon monoxide (co) is a colorless, odorless gas that is found in the environment, in the home, and in the human body as a normal part of mammalian metabolism. poisoning from co, a common exposure, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not recognized and treated in a timely manner. this review evaluates the signs and symptoms of co poisoning, conditions that present similar to co poisoning, and an approach to the recognition and management for co poisoning. co poisoning acco ... | 2018 | 29435715 |
| alternative mating tactics in male chameleons (chamaeleo chamaeleon) are evident in both long-term body color and short-term courtship pattern. | alternative mating tactics in males of various taxa are associated with body color, body size, and social status. chameleons are known for their ability to change body color following immediate environmental or social stimuli. in this study, we examined whether the differential appearance of male common chameleon during the breeding season is indeed an expression of alternative mating tactics. we documented body color of males and used computer vision techniques to classify images of individuals ... | 2016 | 27409771 |
| avoidance of a moving threat in the common chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleon): rapid tracking by body motion and eye use. | a chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleon) on a perch responds to a nearby threat by moving to the side of the perch opposite the threat, while bilaterally compressing its abdomen, thus minimizing its exposure to the threat. if the threat moves, the chameleon pivots around the perch to maintain its hidden position. how precise is the body rotation and what are the patterns of eye movement during avoidance? just-hatched chameleons, placed on a vertical perch, on the side roughly opposite to a visual thre ... | 2016 | 27343128 |
| mitochondrial involvement in vertebrate speciation? the case of mito-nuclear genetic divergence in chameleons. | compatibility between the nuclear (ndna) and mitochondrial (mtdna) genomes is important for organismal health. however, its significance for major evolutionary processes such as speciation is unclear, especially in vertebrates. we previously identified a sharp mtdna-specific sequence divergence between morphologically indistinguishable chameleon populations (chamaeleo chamaeleon recticrista) across an ancient israeli marine barrier (jezreel valley). because mtdna introgression and gender-based d ... | 2015 | 26590214 |
| eye movements in chameleons are not truly independent - evidence from simultaneous monocular tracking of two targets. | chameleons perform large-amplitude eye movements that are frequently referred to as independent, or disconjugate. when prey (an insect) is detected, the chameleon's eyes converge to view it binocularly and 'lock' in their sockets so that subsequent visual tracking is by head movements. however, the extent of the eyes' independence is unclear. for example, can a chameleon visually track two small targets simultaneously and monocularly, i.e. one with each eye? this is of special interest because e ... | 2015 | 26157161 |
| microsatellite loci isolated from chamaeleo chamaeleon. | | 2014 | 25572071 |
| lateralization of visually guided detour behaviour in the common chameleon, chamaeleo chameleon, a reptile with highly independent eye movements. | chameleons (chamaeleonidae, reptilia), in common with most ectotherms, show full optic nerve decussation and sparse inter-hemispheric commissures. chameleons are unique in their capacity for highly independent, large-amplitude eye movements. we address the question: do common chameleons, chamaeleo chameleon, during detour, show patterns of lateralization of motion and of eye use that differ from those shown by other ectotherms? to reach a target (prey) in passing an obstacle in a y-maze, chamele ... | 2013 | 23994262 |
| stroke chameleons. | many conditions called "stroke mimics" may resemble acute stroke. the converse of the "stroke mimic" is a presentation suggestive of another condition, which actually represents stroke. these would be "stroke chameleons." the recognition of a chameleon as stroke has implications for therapy and quality of care. | 2014 | 23954604 |
| visually guided avoidance in the chameleon (chamaeleo chameleon): response patterns and lateralization. | the common chameleon, chamaeleo chameleon, is an arboreal lizard with highly independent, large-amplitude eye movements. in response to a moving threat, a chameleon on a perch responds with distinct avoidance movements that are expressed in its continuous positioning on the side of the perch distal to the threat. we analyzed body-exposure patterns during threat avoidance for evidence of lateralization, that is, asymmetry at the functional/behavioral levels. chameleons were exposed to a threat ap ... | 2012 | 22685546 |
| threat perception in the chameleon (chamaeleo chameleon): evidence for lateralized eye use. | chameleons are arboreal lizards with highly independent, large amplitude eye movements. in response to an approaching threat, a chameleon on a vertical pole moves so as to keep itself away from the threat. in so doing, it shifts between monocular and binocular scanning of the threat and of the environment. we analyzed eye movements in the common chameleon, chamaeleo chameleon, during avoidance response for lateralization, that is, asymmetry at the functional/behavioral levels. the chameleons wer ... | 2012 | 22460630 |
| mitochondrial dna variation, but not nuclear dna, sharply divides morphologically identical chameleons along an ancient geographic barrier. | the levant is an important migration bridge, harboring border-zones between afrotropical and palearctic species. accordingly, chameleo chameleon, a common species throughout the mediterranean basin, is morphologically divided in the southern levant (israel) into two subspecies, chamaeleo chamaeleon recticrista (ccr) and c. c. musae (ccm). ccr mostly inhabits the mediterranean climate (northern israel), while ccm inhabits the sands of the north-western negev desert (southern israel). aflp analysi ... | 2012 | 22457709 |
| developmental arrest during embryonic development of the common chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleon) in spain. | embryonic development of the common chameleon, chamaeleo chamaeleon, was monitored from oviposition to hatching at a field site in southwestern spain and in the laboratory under five experimental temperature regimes. embryos were diapausing gastrulae at the time of oviposition; developmental arrest in the field continued as cold torpor during winter. postarrest development in the field commenced in april, and hatching occurred in august, for a total incubation period of 10.5 mo. in the laborator ... | 2008 | 18288896 |
| aggregation protects flexible-shelled reptile eggs from severe hydric stress. | many reptiles lay eggs with flexible shells that can progressively lose water until lethal dehydration under dry soil conditions. the number of eggs that develop together may influence the water exchange in the nest. we hypothesise that egg aggregation could reduce water lost under dry conditions. we exposed aggregated and isolated eggs to severe hydric stress followed by a period of rehydration. hydric stress caused a general loss of water in common chameleon eggs. initial egg mass did not affe ... | 2008 | 18074142 |
| pcb, ddt, arsenic, and heavy metal (cd, cu, pb, and zn) concentrations in chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleon) eggs from southwest spain. | this work presents the concentrations of twenty pcb congeners, p,p'-ddt, and its two main metabolites, p,p'-dde, p,p'-tde, as, cd, cu, pb, and zn found in common chameleon eggs from nine different nests located in southwest spain. of the heavy metals and arsenic, zn and cu exhibited the highest concentrations in egg contents (ranging from 10100 to 12950 and from 567 to 706 ng g(-1) wet weight basis [w.w.], respectively) and eggshells (ranging from 5605 to 13290 ng g(-1)w.w. for zn and from 1487 ... | 2007 | 17291562 |
| calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the retina of the chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleon). | apart from the pioneering studies of ramon y cajal [1893] and rochon-duvigneaud [1943], few studies have been devoted to the detailed study of the cytological and biochemical structure of the chameleon retina. in the present study we analyzed the expression of calbindin (cb), calretinin (cr) and parvalbumin (pv) immunoreactivities in the chameleon retina, and compared their distribution with those found in the retinas of other vertebrate species. cb immunoreactivity is dense in photoreceptors, h ... | 2005 | 15687725 |
| comparison between tail and jugular venipuncture techniques for blood sample collection in common chameleons (chamaeleo chamaeleon). | the most common technique used for collecting blood samples from chameleons, ventral tail caudal venipuncture (reptile care. an atlas of diseases and treatments, vol. ii, t.f.h. publication, new jersey, 1991) sometimes presents undesired effects. here we compared tail versus jugular vein venipuncture techniques in the common chameleon. in the first experiment, we collected 0.25% of the chameleon's body mass in blood from either tail or jugular sites in size-matched pairs of animals to check for ... | 2003 | 12788022 |
| morphogenesis of the prehensile autopodium in the common chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleo). | this report documents the development of the autopodium of the common chameleon (chamaeleo chamaeleo) using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. three main periods were distinguished during the morphogenesis of this structure. in the first period (stages 33-35 of chameleon development) the autopodium is paddle-shaped with a prominent apical ectodermal ridge (aer) along the distal margin. during this period the aer has structural features similar t ... | 1987 | 29914225 |