| toxicity of natural pyrethrins and five pyrethroids to fish. | the toxicity of natural pyrethrins and five pyrethroids was determined with coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch), steelhead trout (salmo gairdneri), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), channel catfish (icatlurus punctatus), bluegill (lepomis macrochirus), and yellow perch (perca flavescens). the 96-hour lc50's in static tests at 12 degrees c ranged from 24.6 to 114 mug/l of natural pyrethrins and from 0.110 to 1,140 mug/l of pyrethroids. two pyrethroids, ru-11679 and sbp-1382 (r), were over 10 t ... | 1976 | 5059 |
| measurement of the aquatic toxicity of volatile nitrosamines. | the acute toxicity of n-nitrosodimethylamine (dmn) and n-nitrosodiethylamine (den) was determined for three groups of aquatic organisms: algae, invertebrates, and fish. toxicity of dmn and den to algae was assessed as a repression in the growth rate of either selenastrum capricornutum or anabaena flos-aquae in static bioassay tests. dmn and den concentrations of 1-10 ppm depressed algal growth in all cases. invertebrate toxicity was determined in 96-h static bioassay tests with dugesia dorotocep ... | 1979 | 43403 |
| acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide to freshwater fishes. | acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide was determined at various temperatures from 4 degrees to 30 degrees c and oxygen concentrations of 3.36 to 9.26 mg/l on different life history stages of five species of fish: fathead minnow, pimephales promelas refinesque; bluegill, lepomis macrochirus rafinesque; yellow perch, perca flavescens (mitchill); brook trout, salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill); and rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri richardson. median lethal threshold concentrations and 96-hr lc50's were es ... | 1978 | 215091 |
| new species of gyrodactylus and dactylogyrus (trematoda: monogenea) from fishes of nebraska. | six new monogenetic trematodes are described from nebraska fishes: gyrodactylus bulbacanthus sp. n. from fundulus kansae (garman); g. callawayensis sp. n. from notropis lutrensis (baird and girard); g. eos sp. n. from phoxinus eos (cope); g. nebraskensis from phoxinus neogaeus (cope); g. planensis from notropis dorsalis (agassiz); and dactylogyrus pectenatus from pimephales promelas (rafinesque). this is the second report of monogeneans from nebraska fishes. | 1977 | 915609 |
| integrated assessment of contaminated sediments in the lower fox river and green bay, wisconsin. | samples of sediment and biota were collected from sites in the lower fox river and southern green bay to determine existing or potential impacts of sediment-associated contaminants on different ecosystem components of this great lakes area of concern. evaluation of benthos revealed a relatively depauperate community, particularly at the lower fox river sites. sediment pore water and bulk sediments from several lower fox river sites were toxic to a number of test species including pimephales prom ... | 1992 | 1375148 |
| qsar studies of comparative toxicity in aquatic organisms. | this study investigated the relationships between the toxicities of common organic pollutants to the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), to daphnia magna, to tetrahymena pyriformis and in the microtox test, which uses the luminescent bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum. the toxicity data were compiled from the literature, with the exception of 40 experimentally determined microtox data. encouraging correlations are seen, indicating significant relationships between fish toxicities and those t ... | 1991 | 1815364 |
| regression and cluster analysis of the acute toxicity of 267 chemicals to six species of biota and the octanol/water partition coefficient. | the acute toxicities of 267 compounds to six aquatic and one terrestrial species were investigated with correlation, principal component and cluster analysis techniques for relationships with each other and with the compounds' octanol/water partition coefficient. selection of the investigated chemicals was based on the availability of at least three of the following measured parameters: acute (24-h to 96-h) lethal concentrations (lc50) to the fish fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), the fish g ... | 1991 | 1815369 |
| interspecies comparisons of a/d ratios: a/d ratios are not constant across species. | the hypothesis that the ratio of the adult (a) and developmental (d) toxicity of a chemical is constant across animal species has been proposed as the basis for identifying developmental hazards, both from traditional developmental toxicity screens using laboratory mammals and from alternative systems such as the coelenterate hydra attenuata. the purpose of this study was to determine whether a/d ratios are constant across species. the developmental and adult toxicity of 14 chemicals was assesse ... | 1991 | 1843185 |
| hexachlorobenzene uptake by fathead minnows and macroinvertebrates in recirculating sediment/water systems. | fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), the worm, lumbriculus variegatus, and the amphipods hyalella azteca and gammarus lacustris were exposed to hexachlorobenzene (hcb) in water with and without a bed of hcb-spiked sediment. water hcb concentrations were maintained by recirculation through hcb-packed columns. recirculating hcb-bound particulates and possibly eroded hcb particulates were an added source of hcb in addition to the sediment bed. significant bioaccumulation of hcb in animal tissues ... | 1990 | 2331142 |
| effect of fenvalerate on metabolic ion dynamics in the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and bluegill (lepomis macrochirus). | | 1989 | 2545294 |
| comparative activity of gill atpase in three freshwater teleosts exposed to cadmium. | the comparative activity of gill atpase was examined in the bluegill sunfish (lepomis macrochirus), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), and golden shiner (notemigonus crysoleucas). basal na/k atpase activity was highest in bluegill sunfish (1.46 mumol pi/mg protein/hr) and lowest in golden shiners (1.01 mumol pi/mg protein/hr). while a stimulation of na/k atpase activity was observed at an exposure concentration of 1 micrograms cd/liter in the bluegill sunfish and fathead minnows, an inhibitio ... | 1987 | 2826104 |
| aquatic toxicity of acrylates and methacrylates: quantitative structure-activity relationships based on kow and lc50. | recent epa scrutiny of acrylate and methacrylate monomers has resulted in restrictive consent orders and significant new use rules under the toxic substances control act, based on structure-activity relationships using mouse skin painting studies. the concern is centered on human health issues regarding worker and consumer exposure. environmental issues, such as aquatic toxicity, are still of concern. understanding the relationships and environmental risks to aquatic organisms may improve the un ... | 1987 | 3438503 |
| toxicity of fenvalerate and its constituent isomers to the fathead minnow, pimephales promelas, and bluegill, lepomis macrochirus. | | 1987 | 3580587 |
| rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) stocking and contracaecum spp. | a stocking program with rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) at high rock lake, manitoba failed due to infections with large numbers of contracaecum spp. larvae. nematode larvae in the intestinal tract, body cavity and musculature made the fish unmarketable. a combination of experimental infections of rainbow trout and pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos), observations on the behavior of fish-eating birds, and numbers of larval contracaecum spp. in minnow species led to the following conclusions. the ... | 1987 | 3586201 |
| the suprapopulation dynamics of bothriocephalus acheilognathi in a north carolina reservoir: abundance, dispersion, and prevalence. | a 2 1/2-year study (september 1980-march 1983) of abundance, dispersion, and prevalence of the pseudophyllidean cestode, bothriocephalus acheilognathi, in 3 species of fish (gambusia affinis, notropis lutrensis, and pimephales promelas) was conducted in 3 ecologically distinct areas of a north carolina cooling pond. mean infrapopulation density and prevalence differed by site, season, and species and size of hosts. degree of aggregation and abundance and prevalence of gravid worms differed by sp ... | 1987 | 3656009 |
| viral susceptibility range of the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) poikilothermic cell line. | the viral susceptibility range of a poikilothermic cell line derived from the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) (fhm) to infection by a number of homoiothermic viruses representing most of the presently recognized viral groups and a member of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma-trachoma group of agents was studied. all infectious agents, except poliovirus types 1 and 3, infectious bursal agent, and an avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain, readily multiplied in the fhm cell culture syste ... | 1970 | 5461163 |
| morphological survey of teleost organs important in carcinogenesis with attention to fixation. | key features of the gross and microscopic anatomy of teleost liver, digestive tract, kidney, and skin were reviewed from the world literature. illustrations of the above and new findings were obtained from light as well as scanning and transmission electron micrographs of tissues from 7 freshwater fish species: alosa sapidissima, american shad; esox lucius, northern pike; lepomis macrochirus, bluegill sunfish; pimephales promelas, fathead minnow; stizostedion vitreum, walleye; oryzias latipes, j ... | 1984 | 6087142 |
| trypanosoma cruzi: attenuation of virulence by culture in tissues. | trypomastigotes of the 'brazil' strain of trypanosoma cruzi were cultured in vero and fish (pimephales promelas) cells at 30 and 37 c. those harvested from 37 c vero cell cultures killed all inoculated c3h mice no matter how long the cultures had been maintained. those harvested from 120-day 30 c vero and fish cultures killed only 1 out of 10 mice each, indicating attenuation of virulence. when the surviving mice were later challenged with vero-cultured trypomastigotes known to be lethal to cont ... | 1983 | 6416130 |
| pleomorphism in trypomastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi from blood and cell culture. | the sequential variation in the body type of trypomastigotes of the 'brazil' strain of trypanosoma cruzi was followed in 4 experimental models: cultures of vero fibroblasts incubated at 37 degrees c. cultures of fish epithelial cells (pimephales promelas) incubated at 37 degrees c. blood of c3h mice inoculated with trypomastigotes from 37 degrees c vero cell culture. blood of c3h mice inoculated with trypomastigotes from blood of cf1 mice. in both animal models, the picture was similar: a great ... | 1983 | 6420964 |
| toxicity of selected priority pollutants to various aquatic organisms. | toxicity tests were conducted with selected compounds listed by the united states environmental protection agency (epa) as priority pollutants. acute toxicity information was determined for acenaphthene, arsenic trioxide, cadmium chloride, mercury(ii) chloride, silver nitrate, chlordane, endosulfan, and heptachlor. acute tests were conducted using one or more of the following species: fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), b ... | 1983 | 6617566 |
| heat-inducible proteins that react with antibodies to chaperonin60 are localized in the nucleus of a fish cell line. | we report in the present paper that proteins which react with a polyclonal antibody (pab) raised against the heat-shock protein chaperonin60 (cpn60) were revealed by indirect immunofluorescence in the nucleus of a fish (fathead minnow, pimephales promelas) cell line after heat-shock. this immunoreactive cpn60 associated with the nucleolus and with discrete foci. an increased abundance of two nuclear proteins of approx. 57 and 42 kda, present in approximately equal amounts, was detected by wester ... | 1994 | 7506532 |
| mechanism-based comparisons of acute toxicities elicited by industrial organic chemicals in procaryotic and eucaryotic systems. | comparisons of toxicities elicited by nonpolar and polar narcotics, weak acid uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, and bioreactive chemicals between the eucaryotic systems pimephales promelas and tetrahymena pyriformis and the procaryotic systems escherichia coli and photobacterium phosphoreum were performed. each chemical had been a priori assigned a mechanism/mode of action based on the results from previous studies with eucaryotic systems. hydrophobicity-dependent qsars for nonpolar narco ... | 1994 | 7533711 |
| reciprocal influences of temperature and copper on survival of fathead minnows, pimephales promelas. | | 1995 | 7579928 |
| effects of a secondary-treated thermomechanical pulp mill effluent on aquatic organisms as assessed by short- and long-term laboratory tests. | the chronic effects of secondary-treated effluent from a thermomechanical pulp (tmp) mill were assessed by means of long-term and short-term laboratory toxicity tests. the effluent used for the tests was sampled at a western canadian mill using mostly softwoods and < 10% recycled fiber as furnish. in the long-term test, the effects of the effluent on the life cycle of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) were studied. in this experiment, which began with the egg stage and continued through to s ... | 1995 | 7723080 |
| quantitative structure-toxicity relationships and volume fraction analyses for selected esters. | the acute toxicity of aliphatic and aromatic mono and diesters in two eucaryotic organisms was compared. the test systems were the static 2-d tetrahymena pyriformis 50% population growth impairment (igc50(-1)) assay, and the flow-through 4-d pimephales promelas 50% mortality (lc50(-1)) assay. in ciliates, esters act via the nonpolar narcosis mechanism of toxic action. this was indicated by: the high quality 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (log kow) dependent quantitative structure-activity ... | 1995 | 7794017 |
| dna cleavage, antiviral and cytotoxic reactions photosensitized by simple enediyne compounds. | very potent antibiotic antitumor natural products contain a enediyne moiety which, upon thermal activation, is capable of abstracting hydrogens from dna. 1,6-diphenyl-3-hexene-1,5-diyne was selected as a candidate for inducing dna strand breaks photochemically. easily interconverted with light, both geometric isomers 1 and 2 were expected to be phototoxic. as anticipated, they photosensitized the production of strand breaks in double-stranded supercoiled pbr322, and in single-stranded m13 dna. t ... | 1993 | 8301409 |
| phototoxicity of (1h-indenyl)thiophenes. | the (1h-indenyl)thiophene derivatives 2 and 3 were recently reported to be excellent singlet oxygen sensitizers, comparable to alpha-terthienyl (1). the phototoxicity of these compounds was compared, using human erythrocytes, aedes aegypti mosquito larvae, daphnia magna, and fish (fathead minnows, pimephales promelas). the known ranking of the photooxidation properties was found to be a good predictor of phototoxic properties in erythrocytes and mosquito larvae but not in daphnias. all three com ... | 1993 | 8378432 |
| aquatic biomonitoring of reclaimed water for potable use: the san diego health effects study. | highly treated reclaimed wastewater was evaluated as a possible supplement to raw water sources required to meet san diego's growing need for potable water. biomonitoring experiments employing fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) were used to compare reclaimed water with the city's current raw water supply. juvenile fish were exposed in flow-through aquaria in field laboratories located at the reclamation plant (aqua ii) and at a municipal potable water treatment facility (miramar). biomonitori ... | 1993 | 8492326 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationships for estimating the no-observable-effects concentration in fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). | quantitative structure-activity relationships, based on hydrophobicity measured as the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (kow), have been developed for predicting the acute no-observable-effects concentration (noec) for fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), using a mechanism/mode of action approach. models were developed for nonpolar narcotics, amine narcotics, polar narcotics, ester narcotics, and respiratory uncouplers. a set of bioreactive chemicals were evaluated, but models based on hy ... | 1995 | 8705114 |
| design and construction of model stream ecosystems. | a series of 12 outdoor model stream mesocosms was designed to evaluate the effects of chemicals and mixtures on the biota in stream ecosystems. an integrated design plan incorporated physical, chemical, and biological factors as well as the specific experimental objectives and effects parameters to be evaluated. analysis of biological assemblages such as macroinvertebrates and periphyton in the model stream mesocosms demonstrated the presence of diverse and sensitive taxa. these model stream mes ... | 1996 | 8744921 |
| assessing the effects of a c14-15 linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant in stream mesocosms. | fish, benthic macroinvertebrate, and plant responses to 30-day exposures of c14-15 linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant with an average of 7 mol of ethylene oxide (lae) were measured in flowthrough stream mesocosms. replicate stream mesocosms were treated in two experiments with concentrations of lae ranging from 80 to 550 microg/liter. macroinvertebrates were relatively insensitive with the exception of simuliidae density which was significantly affected at 160 microg/liter. fathead minnow (pim ... | 1996 | 8812188 |
| use of a miniaturized test system for determining acute toxicity of toxicity identification evaluation fractions. | a miniaturized test system was developed and used to determine the acute toxicity of effluent fractions separated by hplc to daphnia magna and pimephales promelas. the miniaturized test system consists of exposing test organisms in 1 ml of test solution using 48-well microtiter plates for the test vessels. several factors were investigated to determine the acceptability of this test system. these factors included organism biomass to test solution ratio, toxicity of the microtiter plates to the o ... | 1996 | 8930499 |
| lethal and sublethal effects of azulene and longifolene to microtox(r), ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia magna, and pimephales promelas. | | 1997 | 8975804 |
| ecotoxicological hazard assessment of two polymers of distinctively different molecular weights. | assessment of ecological risks during manufacturing, use, transport, and disposal are becoming increasingly important as planning tools during development of new products. the objective of this study was to establish the potential ecotoxicological hazard associated with two polycarboxylate polymers in water, sludge, sediment, and soil. the concentrations of both polymers were quantified using 14c-radiolabeled synthesis and liquid scintillation counting (lsc). the program included water column ac ... | 1998 | 9469856 |
| fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) vitellogenin: purification, characterization and quantitative immunoassay for the detection of estrogenic compounds. | the egg yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (vtg), was purified from blood plasma of 17beta-estradiol (e2)-treated male fathead minnows (pimephales promnelas) by anion-exchange chromatography on deae-agarose. a rabbit antiserum was raised against their blood plasma and then adsorbed with plasma from untreated (control) males to render the antiserum specific to vtg. the adsorbed antiserum was used to detect fathead minnow vtg (fvtg) in western and dot blotting experiments and in an enzyme-linked ... | 1999 | 10442820 |
| environmental risk assessment for the polycyclic musks, ahtn and hhcb. ii. effect assessment and risk characterisation. | reports of the polycyclic musks ahtn and hhcb in surface water and fish, primarily in europe, have prompted studies of their environmental effects. these effects then are used, along with the predicted environmental concentrations in a risk assessment according to the approach developed under european union regulation 793/93, in line with the technical guidance document for risk assessment of new and existing chemicals. in 72-h studies with algae (pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), noecs were 0.3 ... | 1999 | 10630704 |
| using constructed wetlands to treat biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia associated with a refinery effluent. | this study evaluated the effectiveness of constructed wetlands for tertiary treatment of a petroleum refinery effluent. specific performance objectives were to decrease 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (bod(5)) and ammonia by at least 50% and to reduce toxicity associated with this effluent. two bench-scale wetlands (replicates) were constructed in a greenhouse to provide tertiary treatment of effluent samples shipped from the refinery to the study site. integrated wetland features included typha ... | 2000 | 10648135 |
| effects of the mammalian antiandrogen vinclozolin on development and reproduction of the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas). | previous work with the chlorinated fungicide vinclozolin and its metabolites, 2-{[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy}-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid (m1) and 3',5'-dichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enanilide (m2), indicated antiandrogenic properties expressed in vivo as abnormalities in sexual differentiation of male rats after maternal exposures. in this study, we attempted to determine whether vinclozolin might also exhibit antiandrogenic properties in a model fish species, the fathead minnow, pimeph ... | 2000 | 10794831 |
| parasite community structure in pimephales promelas (pisces: cyprinidae) from two converging streams. | parasites of the fathead minnow, pimephales promelas, were examined in fish collected from elk creek (40.88534 degrees n, 96.83366 degrees w) and west oak creek (40.90821 degrees n, 96.81432 degrees w), lancaster county, nebraska. these 2 streams are part of the salt valley watershed and flow together approximately 2 km downstream from the collection sites to form oak creek. this study examined the extent to which the 2 tributaries constitute a continuous habitat with respect to fish hosts. the ... | 2000 | 10864278 |
| toxicity of benzotriazole and benzotriazole derivatives to three aquatic species. | benzotriazole and its derivatives comprise an important class of corrosion inhibitors, typically used as trace additives in industrial chemical mixtures such as coolants, deicers, surface coatings, cutting fluids, and hydraulic fluids. recent studies have shown that benzotriazole derivatives are a major component of aircraft deicing fluids (adfs) responsible for toxicity to bacteria (microtox). our current research compared the toxicity of benzotriazole (bt), two methylbenzotriazole (mebt) isome ... | 2001 | 11229011 |
| toxicity of mono-, di- and tri-chlorophenols to lux marked terrestrial bacteria, burkholderia species rasc c2 and pseudomonas fluorescens. | burkholderia species rasc and pseudomonas fluorescens were marked with lux genes, encoding for bioluminescence and used to assess the toxicity of mono-, di- and tri-chlorophenols by determining the decline in bioluminescence following exposure to the compounds in aqueous solution. toxicity was expressed as a 50% effective concentration value (ec50, equating to the concentration of compound which caused a 50% decline in bioluminescence. comparing the toxicity values of the compounds showed that, ... | 2001 | 11297395 |
| toxicity evaluation of metal plating wastewater employing the microtox assay: a comparison with cladocerans and fish. | the relative sensitivity of the microtox assay is closely related to the type of toxicant, and hence its utility in biomonitoring effluents is better evaluated on a case-by-case basis. the microtox assay, employing the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri, was evaluated for its applicability in monitoring metal plating wastewater for toxicity. the results of the microtox assay after 5, 15, and 30 min of exposure, were compared with data obtained from conventional whole effluent toxicity testing (wet ... | 2001 | 11339713 |
| effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate exposure on reproductive output and bioindicators of environmental estrogen exposure in fathead minnows pimephales promelas. | nonylphenol ethoxylates (npeos) were evaluated in the laboratory for potential effects on the reproductive physiology and fecundity of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). groups of three adult male and three female fathead minnows were exposed in a continuous flow-through system to 0, 0.21, 0.65, 2.1, or 7.9 microg npeo/l for 42 d. rabbit anti-goldfish vitellogenin (vtg) antiserum was prepared and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was adapted for measurement of plasma vt ... | 2001 | 11349851 |
| assessment of toxicity reduction in wastewater effluent flowing through a treatment wetland using pimephales promelas, ceriodaphnia dubia, and vibrio fischeri. | effluent toxicity is regularly assessed with ceriodaphnia dubia short-term chronic and vibrio fischeri toxicity tests. condition factor and hemotocrit of fish have recently been used to assess fish health following exposure to xenoestrogens in complex municipal effluents. to assess the ability of a treatment wetland to reduce or remove toxicity of a municipal effluent, we compared c. dubia and v. fischeri bioassays to pimephales promelas responses in situ. final whole effluent was diverted to a ... | 2002 | 11706362 |
| toxicity of uranium mine receiving waters to early life stage fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) in the laboratory. | elevated concentrations of arsenic, nickel, and molybdenum in aquatic systems around northern saskatchewan uranium mines are an environmental concern. early life stage fathead minnows were used to assess toxicity from several aquatic systems near the key lake and rabbit lake uranium operations. hatching success of fish embryos exposed to waters receiving contaminants associated with uranium ore milling was reduced by 32-61% relative to controls. mortality differed in two lakes receiving mill eff ... | 2002 | 11806452 |
| a new bacilliform fathead minnow rhabdovirus that produces syncytia in tissue culture. | a pathogenic bacilliform virus 130-180 nm in length and 31-47 nm in diameter was isolated from moribund fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) exhibiting hemorrhages in their eyes and skin. a cytopathic effect of multifocal syncytia was observed in the epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line after a 48 h incubation at 20 degrees c. a similar cytopathic effect was also observed in other cell lines tested, but not in bluegill fry, koi fin, or chinook salmon embryo cells. the filterable agent was in ... | 2002 | 12021863 |
| aquatic toxicity of triclosan. | the aquatic toxicity of triclosan (tcs), a chlorinated biphenyl ether used as an antimicrobial in consumer products, was studied with activated-sludge microorganisms, algae, invertebrates, and fish. triclosan, a compound used for inhibiting microbial growth, was not toxic to wastewater microorganisms at concentrations less than aqueous solubility. the 48-h daphnia magna median effective concentration (ec50) was 390 microg/l and the 96-h median lethal concentration values for pimephales promelas ... | 2002 | 12109732 |
| the effects of noise on the auditory sensitivity of the bluegill sunfish, lepomis macrochirus. | as concerns about the effects of underwater anthropogenic noises on the auditory function of organisms increases, it is imperative to assess if all organisms are equally affected by the same noise source. consequently, auditory capabilities of an organism need to be evaluated and compared interspecifically. teleost fishes provide excellent models to examine these issues due to their diversity of hearing capabilities. broadly, fishes can be categorized as hearing specialists (broad hearing freque ... | 2002 | 12160871 |
| first record of neoergasilus japonicus (poecilostomatoida: ergasilidae), a parasitic copepod new to the laurentian great lakes. | the parasitic copepod neoergasilus japonicus, native to eastern asia, was first collected from 4 species of fish (fathead minnow, pimephales promelas; largemouth bass, micropterus salmoides; pumpkinseed sunfish, lepomis gibbosus; and yellow perch, perca flavescens) in july 1994 in saginaw bay, lake huron, michigan. further sampling in the bay in 2001 revealed infections on 7 additional species (bluegill, lepomis macrochirus; carp, cyprinus carpio; channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus; goldfish, ... | 2002 | 12197110 |
| causes of ambient toxicity in the calleguas creek watershed of southern california. | a combination of toxicity tests, chemical analyses, and toxicity identification evaluations (ties) were used to investigate receiving water toxicity in the calleguas creek watershed of southern california. studies were conducted from 1995 through 1999 at various sites to investigate causes of temporal variability of toxicity throughout this system. causes of receiving water toxicity varied by site and species tested. investigations in the lower watershed (revolon slough, santa clara drain, beard ... | 2002 | 12229919 |
| ecological effects of an anionic c12-15 ae-3s alkylethoxysulfate surfactant in outdoor stream mesocosms. | the ecological assessment of a c12-15 ae-3s linear alkylethoxysulfate (aes) anionic surfactant to invertebrates, fish, periphyton, and an aquatic macrophyte was conducted in a 30-d outdoor stream mesocosm study with five replicated concentrations and controls. alkylethoxysulfate structural integrity and exposure concentrations were maintained during the 30-d treatment period, with average measured concentrations of 0.7, 1.27, 2.2, 4.31, and 10.18 mg/l. no effects were observed on the aquatic mac ... | 2002 | 12463574 |
| cloning and gene expression of p450 17alpha-hydroxylase,17,20-lyase cdna in the gonads and brain of the fathead minnow pimephales promelas. | p450 17alpha-hydroxylase,17,20-lyase (p450c17) is a key steroidogenic enzyme in the production of androgens and, therefore, is also indispensable for the production of oestrogens (that are produced from the aromatisation of androgens). in this study, p450c17 cdna was cloned from the ovary of the fathead minnow (fhm) and its gene expression was examined in the gonads and brains of male and female fhm at different stages of gonadal development with a view to developing an understanding of its invo ... | 2003 | 12606268 |
| effects of the androgenic growth promoter 17-beta-trenbolone on fecundity and reproductive endocrinology of the fathead minnow. | trenbolone acetate is a synthetic steroid that is extensively used in the united states as a growth promoter in beef cattle. the acetate is administered to livestock via slow-release implants; some is converted by the animal to 17-beta-trenbolone, a relatively potent androgen receptor agonist in mammalian systems. recent studies indicate that excreted 17-beta-trenbolone is comparatively stable in animal waste, suggesting the potential for exposure to aquatic animals via direct discharge, runoff, ... | 2003 | 12785594 |
| modifications to the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) chronic test method to remove mortality due to pathogenic organisms. | whole effluent toxicity testing is used to evaluate the discharge of materials that may be harmful to indigenous aquatic life. unlike most environmental analyses, receiving water (the water body into which the effluent is discharged) often is used as dilution water in whole effluent toxicity tests to simulate the aquatic environment into which the effluent is introduced. in approximately 26% of whole effluent toxicity tests conducted by wisconsin (usa) certified labs between 1988 and 1998, a pat ... | 2003 | 14552005 |
| interspecies quantitative structure-activity relationship model for aldehydes: aquatic toxicity. | the present study proposes a generic interspecies quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) model that can be used to predict the acute toxicity of aldehydes to most species of aquatic organisms. the model is based on the flow-through fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) 50% lethal concentration (lc50) data combined with other selected fish acute toxicity data and on the static ciliate (tetrahymena pyriformis) 50% inhibitory growth concentration (igc50) data. the toxicity of schiff-bas ... | 2004 | 14982395 |
| endocrine-disrupting effects of cattle feedlot effluent on an aquatic sentinel species, the fathead minnow. | over the last decade, research has examined the endocrine-disrupting action of various environmental pollutants, including hormones, pharmaceuticals, and surfactants, in sewage treatment plant effluent. responding to the growth of concentrated animal feeding operations (cafos) and the pollutants present in their wastewater (e.g., nutrients, pharmaceuticals, and hormones), the u.s. environmental protection agency developed a new rule that tightens the regulation of cafos. in this study, we collec ... | 2004 | 14998752 |
| assessment and modeling of the toxicity of organic chemicals to chlorella vulgaris: development of a novel database. | this study reports a database of toxicity values for 91 compounds assessed in a novel, rapid, and economical 15 min algal toxicity test. the toxicity data were measured using the unicellular green alga chlorella vulgaris in an assay that determined the disappearance of fluorescein diacetate. the chemicals tested covered a wide range of physicochemical properties and mechanisms of action. quantitative activity-activity relationships with the toxicity of the chemicals to other species (tetrahymena ... | 2004 | 15089097 |
| toxicity of municipal wastewater effluents contaminated by pentachlorophenol in southwest missouri. | toxicity of effluents from two sewage treatment plants in joplin, missouri, was tested using ceriodaphnia dubia and pimephales promelas. no test organisms survived in effluents from either plant, in effluents diluted with water from turkey creek (the receiving stream), or in water from turkey creek. mortality was complete in all but the most dilute treatments of effluents, in which reconstituted water was used as the diluent. high concentrations of pentachlorophenol (130-970 microg liter(-1)) in ... | 1990 | 15092306 |
| evaluation of ecologically relevant bioassays for a lotic system impacted by a coal-mine effluent, using isonychia. | many studies investigating the ecotoxicological impacts of industrial effluents on fresh-water biota utilize standardized test species such as the daphnids, ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia magna, and the fathead minnow, pimephales promelas. such species may not be the most predictive or ecologically relevant gauges of the responses of instream benthic macroinvertebrates to certain stressors, such as total dissolved solids. an indigenous species approach should be adopted, using a sensitive benthic c ... | 2004 | 15195819 |
| toxicity of oil sands to early life stages of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). | the present study examines the effects of exposure to oil sands on the early life stages (els) of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). sediments within and outside natural oil sand deposits were collected from sites along the athabasca river (ab, canada). the els toxicity tests were conducted with control water, natural oil sands, reference sediments, and oil-refining wastewater pond sediments. eggs and larvae were exposed to 0.05 to 25.0 g sediment/l and observed for mortality, hatching, malf ... | 2004 | 15230323 |
| developmental changes of thyroid hormones in the fathead minnow, pimephales promelas. | the fathead minnow is widely used in ecotoxicological studies and such investigations have begun to focus on potential disruption of the thyroid axis. however, normal levels of thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) and their developmental patterns are unknown. to provide these baseline data, radioimmunoassays were developed and validated for analysis of t4 and t3 after extraction from plasma or whole fish. female fish showed consistently higher plasma levels of t4 than male fish. analy ... | 2004 | 15474536 |
| waterborne lead exposure affects brain endocannabinoid content in male but not female fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). | there are several similarities between the behavioral and neurochemical effects of lead (pb2+) and the cannabinoids. both pb2+ exposure and cannabinoid treatment decrease exploratory behavior. pb2+-induced hyperactivity has been observed in rats and fish. by comparison, cannabinoids increase locomotor activity at higher doses in rats. moreover, pb2+ exposure produces learning and memory impairments as do the cannabinoids. many of the behavioral effects of pb2+ are thought to be due, in part, to ... | 2005 | 15527869 |
| toxicity of storm-water runoff after dormant spray application in a french prune orchard, glenn county, california, usa: temporal patterns and the effect of ground covers. | organophosphorous (op) insecticides, especially diazinon, have been detected routinely in surface waters of the sacramento and san joaquin river watersheds, coincident with rainfall events following their application to dormant orchards during the winter months. preventive best management practices (bmp) aim at reducing off-site movement of pesticides into surface waters. two proposed bmps are: the use of more hydrophobic pyrethroid insecticides believed to adsorb strongly to organic matter and ... | 2004 | 15559288 |
| cloning and in vitro expression and characterization of the androgen receptor and isolation of estrogen receptor alpha from the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas). | in vitro screening assays designed to identify hormone mimics or antagonists typically use mammalian (rat, human) estrogen (er) and androgen receptors (ar). although we know that the amino acid sequences of steroid receptors in nonmammalian vertebrates are not identical to the mammalian receptors, a great deal of uncertainty exists as to whether these differences affect interactions of potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edc) with the receptors. this leads to substantial uncertainty with r ... | 2004 | 15597887 |
| ecosystem function in alluvial tailings after biosolids and lime addition. | municipal biosolids and agricultural limestone were incorporated into the surface of alluvial highly acidic, metal-contaminated mine tailings in leadville, co, in 1998. amended sites were seeded and a plant cover was subsequently established. a range of chemical and biological parameters were measured over time to determine if treatment was sufficient to restore ecosystem function. an uncontaminated upstream control (uuc), a contaminated vegetated area (cva), and soils collected from the tailing ... | 2005 | 15647543 |
| comparative life histories of two diplostomid trematodes, ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus and posthodiplostomum minimum. | a lack of comparative studies limits our understanding of interspecific variation in parasite life histories, especially for species that incorporate asexual and resting stages into their life cycles. ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus and posthodiplostomum minimum are sympatric diplostomid trematodes that share the same first (pond snail, physa gyrina) and second (fathead minnow, pimephales promelas) intermediate hosts within lakes in alberta, canada. interspecific differences in the body sizes o ... | 2004 | 15715233 |
| toxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to aquatic organisms. | toxicity tests were performed with seven fluoroquinolone antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, clinafloxacin, enrofloxacin, and flumequine, on five aquatic organisms. overall toxicity values ranged from 7.9 to 23,000 microg/l. the cyanobacterium microcystis aeruginosa was the most sensitive organism (5-d growth and reproduction, effective concentrations [ec50s] ranging from 7.9 to 1,960 microg/l and a median of 49 microg/l), followed by duckweed (lemna minor, 7-d rep ... | 2005 | 15720004 |
| effects of ammonium perchlorate on thyroid function in developing fathead minnows, pimephales promelas. | perchlorate is a known environmental contaminant, largely due to widespread military use as a propellant. perchlorate acts pharmacologically as a competitive inhibitor of thyroidal iodide uptake in mammals, but the impacts of perchlorate contamination in aquatic ecosystems and, in particular, the effects on fish are unclear. our studies aimed to investigate the effects of concentrations of ammonium perchlorate that can occur in the environment (1, 10, and 100 mg/l) on the development of fathead ... | 2005 | 15811828 |
| a rapid, direct assay to measure degranulation of primary granules in neutrophils from kidney of fathead minnow (pimephales promelas rafinesque, 1820). | a direct, rapid, quantitative colorimetric assay to determine neutrophil primary granule degranulation was adapted for use with fathead minnow kidney neutrophils. the assay measures the exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (mpo) using 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine as a substrate. the assay was validated by comparing the total myeloperoxidase content of neutrophil populations obtained from adult cattle, as a known positive, and fish; evaluating the effects of calcium ionophore (cai), phorbol myristate ... | 2005 | 15820123 |
| towards an alternative for the acute fish lc(50) test in chemical assessment: the fish embryo toxicity test goes multi-species -- an update. | after its standardisation at the national level in germany (din 38415-6, 2001, 2001), the 48 h sewage testing assay with zebrafish (danio rerio) embryos has been submitted for standardisation to iso. as an alternative to the conventional acute (96 h) fish test, a modified fish embryo test will be submitted to the oecd for chemical testing in late 2005. for this, a protocol originally designed for zebrafish was adapted to fit also the requirements of other oecd species, namely medaka (oryzias lat ... | 2005 | 15953964 |
| short-term exposures of fish to perfluorooctane sulfonate: acute effects on fatty acyl-coa oxidase activity, oxidative stress, and circulating sex steroids. | this study investigated the effects of exposure to waterborne perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) on oxidative stress and reproductive endpoints in fish. exposures utilized species commonly used in toxicological testing, including the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as relatively insensitive taxa such as creek chub (semotilus atromaculatus), spottail shiner (notropis hudsonius), and white sucker (catostomus commersoni). in all fish species, shor ... | 2005 | 16110997 |
| pleistophora infestation in fathead minnows, pimephales promelas (rafinesque). | pleistophora infestation was observed in adult fathead minnows, pimephales promelas, held under laboratory conditions. fish were clinically healthy, and presented no gross findings at necropsy. histopathology revealed parasitic stages only in the ovaries. spores within sporophorous vesicles were mainly encountered in late vitellogenic oocytes and were ultrastructurally identified as a microsporidian parasite. heavily parasitized oocytes underwent degeneration followed by the release of spores in ... | 2005 | 16303025 |
| interactions between bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and fathead minnows, pimephales promelas rafinesque, under laboratory conditions. | interactions between bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and fathead minnows, pimephales promelas, were studied in laboratory exposures to two commercial formulations, vectobac-g and mosquito attack. mortality among fatheads exposed to 2.0 x 10 to 6.5 x 10 cfu/ml with both formulations was attributed to severe dissolved oxygen depletion due to formulation ingredients rather than to direct toxicity from the parasporal crystal. no adverse effects were observed at 6.4 x 10 cfu/ml and below. f ... | 1990 | 16348271 |
| evaluation of aquatic toxicities of chromium and chromium-containing effluents in reference to chromium electroplating industries. | this study evaluated aquatic toxicities of chromium and chromium-containing laboratory samples representative of effluents from chromium electroplating industries, and compared the aquatic environmental risks of hexavalent and trivalent chromium electroplating operations. trivalent chromium electroplating has emerged as an acceptable alternative to hazardous hexavalent chromium electroplating. this process substitution has reduced the human health impact in the workplace and minimized the produc ... | 2006 | 16418891 |
| immunomodulatory effects of beta-glucan on neutrophil function in fathead minnows (pimephales promelas rafinesque, 1820). | stimulatory effects of yeast beta-1,3-1,6-glucans on neutrophils have long been recognized, but effects of glucans on degranulation of primary granules in fish neutrophils have not been previously reported. neutrophil function was monitored during in vitro and in vivo application of glucans to non- (ns), acute- (as) and chronically stressed (cs) fish. beta-glucan proved to be a strong and quick (80%, 2 min) stimulant of degranulation. dietary glucan increased degranulation in ns fish, and preven ... | 2006 | 16423394 |
| toxicity and quantitative structure-activity relationships of nitriles based on pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. | this study presents the toxicity data of various nitriles to pseudokirchneriella subcapitata using a closed algal toxicity testing technique with no headspace. two different response endpoints, i.e., dissolved oxygen (do) production and algal growth rate, were used to evaluate the toxicity of nitriles. in general, the do endpoint revealed higher inhibitory effects than that from algal growth rate. furthermore, halogen-substituted nitriles were found to be extremely toxic to p. subcapitata. with ... | 2007 | 16875732 |
| impact of atrazine on chlorpyrifos toxicity in four aquatic vertebrates. | atrazine has been shown previously to potentiate chlorpyrifos toxicity in selected invertebrates. this study examined interactions of atrazine and chlorpyrifos in four aquatic vertebrates. organisms were exposed to binary mixtures of atrazine and chlorpyrifos during toxicity bioassays. inhibition of cholinesterase (che) enzyme activity and chlorpyrifos uptake kinetics were also examined with and without atrazine exposure. atrazine alone did not affect organisms at concentrations up to 5000 micro ... | 2006 | 16944040 |
| impacts of aircraft deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from dallas/fort worth international airport, texas, u.s.a. | from october 2002 to april 2004, data were collected from dallas/fort worth (dfw) international airport (tx, u.s.a.) outfalls and receiving waters (trigg lake and big bear creek) to document the magnitude and potential effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (adaf) runoff on water quality. glycol concentrations at outfalls ranged from less than 18 to 23,800 mg/l, whereas concentrations in big bear creek were less because of dilution, dispersion, and degradation, ranging from less than 18 ... | 2006 | 17089712 |
| cellular aspects of early development of ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus metacercariae in the brain of fathead minnows, pimephales promelas. | trematode metacercariae typically are regarded as nonfeeding and metabolically inactive. however, the metacercariae of many trematode species undergo complex and prolonged periods of development within their intermediate hosts. in the present study, we used electron microscopy to document chronological changes in development of the tegument of ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus metacercariae recovered from the brains of experimentally infected fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). commencing at 4 ... | 2005 | 17089748 |
| infectivity of ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus and posthodiplostomum minimum (trematoda: diplostomidae) cercariae following exposure to cadmium. | the effect of cadmium (cd) exposure on infectivity of cercariae of 2 trematode species (ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus and posthodiplostomum minimum) to their second intermediate fish host was evaluated. individual fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) were exposed to cercariae that had been treated with cd solutions at concentrations of 0, 2, 20, or 200 microg/l for 2 hr. two weeks later, the numbers of encysted metacercariae in the brain (o. ptychocheilus) and body cavity (p. minimum) of the ... | 2005 | 17089754 |
| aquatic toxicity of nine aircraft deicer and anti-icer formulations and relative toxicity of additive package ingredients alkylphenol ethoxylates and 4,5-methyl-1h-henzotriazoles. | characterization of the effects of aircraft deicer and anti-icer fluid (adaf) runoff on aquatic organisms in receiving streams is a complex issue because the identities of numerous toxic additives are proprietary and not publicly available. most potentially toxic and endocrine disrupting effects caused by adaf are due to the numerous additive package ingredients which vary among manufacturers and types of adaf formulation. toxicity investigations of nine adaf formulations indicate that endpoint ... | 2006 | 17180996 |
| ammonia causes decreased brain monoamines in fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). | hyperammonemia, arising from variety of disorders, leads to severe neurological dysfunction. the mechanisms of ammonia toxicity in brain are not completely understood. this study investigated the effects of ammonia on monoaminergic systems in brains of fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). fish serve as a good model system to investigate hyperammonemic effects on brain function since no liver manipulations are necessary to increase endogenous ammonia concentrations. using high performance liqui ... | 2007 | 17362882 |
| the tubifex tubifex assay for the determination of acute toxicity. | an express (3-minute) test for acute toxicity determination by using the oligochaete annelid, tubifex tubifex, is described. the ec50(tubifex tubifex) [ec50(tt)] for movement inhibition was calculated by using a concentration-response dependence. the reproducibility of the test was checked over several years and by several workers. its applicability is limited to compounds which are soluble in water. the calculated ec50(tt) indices correlate with lc50 values determined by using the fish, pimepha ... | 2007 | 17559312 |
| examining the joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos and atrazine in the aquatic species: lepomis macrochirus, pimephales promelas and chironomus tentans. | the joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos and atrazine was compared to that of chlorpyrifos alone to discern any greater than additive response using both acute toxicity testing and whole-body residue analysis. in addition, acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibition and biotransformation were investigated to evaluate the toxic mode of action of chlorpyrifos in the presence of atrazine. the joint toxicity of atrazine and chlorpyrifos exhibited no significant difference in lepomis macrochirus compared to chl ... | 2008 | 17597270 |
| evaluation of the biotic ligand model relative to other site-specific criteria derivation methods for copper in surface waters with elevated hardness. | the goal of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the biotic ligand model to predict cu toxicity in very hard surface water (>200 mg/l as caco(3)), relative to current copper criteria methodologies (hardness-based equation and the water-effect ratio; wer). to test these methods, we conducted acute cu toxicity tests with three aquatic test species (ceriodaphnia dubia, daphnia pulex and pimephales promelas) in seven surface waters. the sites were representative of effluent-dependent or eff ... | 2007 | 17681387 |
| an algal toxicity database of organic toxicants derived by a closed-system technique. | the current study presents the toxicity data of 90 organic compounds with various modes of actions to pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. the assessment was conducted using a closed-system technique, and a biomass-type end point based on the cell density was employed. the above toxicity data were compared with test results from ciliate (tetrahymena pyriformis), water flea (daphnia magna), fish (pimephales promelas), and luminescent bacteria (photobacterium phosphoreum). satisfactory correlation rel ... | 2007 | 17705651 |
| the relationships among cyp1a induction, toxicity, and eye pathology in early life stages of fish exposed to oil sands. | exposure of the early life stages of fish to oil sands constituents is associated with mortality and larval malformations such as edemas, hemorrhages, and skeletal, craniofacial, and eye defects. in fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and white sucker (catostomus commersoni) larvae, indices of total eye pathology increased significantly following oil sands exposure. structural, cytoplasmic, inflammatory, and degenerative eye alterations included poor retinal differentiation, microphthalmia, opt ... | 2007 | 17710614 |
| detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in round gobies in new york state (usa) waters of lake ontario and the st. lawrence river. | in may 2006 a large mortality of several thousand round gobies neogobius melanostomus (pallas, 1814) occurred in new york waters of the st. lawrence river and lake ontario. necropsies of sampled fish from these areas showed pallor of the liver and gills, and hemorrhagic areas in many organs. histopathologic examination of affected tissues revealed areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. inoculations of fathead minnow pimephales promelas (rafinesque, 1820) cell cultures with dilutions of tissue samples ... | 2007 | 17803104 |
| nmr analysis of male fathead minnow urinary metabolites: a potential approach for studying impacts of chemical exposures. | the potential for profiling metabolites in urine from male fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) to assess chemical exposures was explored using nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. both one-dimensional (1d) and two-dimensional (2d) nmr spectroscopy was used for the assignment of metabolites in urine from unexposed fish. because fathead minnow urine is dilute, we lyophilized these samples prior to analysis. furthermore, 1d 1h nmr spectra of unlyophilized urine from unexposed male fathe ... | 2007 | 17897733 |
| toxicity of urban highway runoff with respect to storm duration. | the toxicity of stormwater runoff during various time-based stages was measured in both grab and composite samples collected from three highly urbanized highway sites in los angeles, california between 2002 and 2005. stormwater runoff samples were tested for toxicity using three freshwater species (the water flea ceriodaphnia dubia, the fathead minnow pimephales promelas, and the green algae pseudokirchneriella subcapitatum) and two marine species (the purple sea urchin strongylocentrotus purpur ... | 2008 | 17920106 |
| benzotriazole is antiestrogenic in vitro but not in vivo. | benzotriazole (bt) is an anticorrosive agent well known for its use in aircraft deicing and antifreeze fluids but also used in dishwasher detergents. it is highly persistent in the environment; therefore, bt is frequently found in runoff emanating from large airports as well as in the surrounding groundwater. in addition, bt has recently been found to be ubiquitous in swiss wastewater treatment plant effluents and their receiving waters; however, very little chronic toxicity data is available on ... | 2007 | 17941727 |
| the kisspeptin/gonadotropin-releasing hormone pathway and molecular signaling of puberty in fish. | the mechanisms underlying the initiation of puberty in fish are poorly understood, and whether the kiss1 receptor (kiss1r; previously designated g protein-coupled receptor 54; gpr54) and its ligands, kisspeptins, play a significant role, as has been established in mammals, is not yet known. we determined (via real-time pcr) temporal patterns of expression in the brain of kiss1r, gnrh2, and gnrh3 and a suite of related genes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis and analyzed them agains ... | 2008 | 17978278 |
| defining the chronic impacts of atenolol on embryo-larval development and reproduction in the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas). | atenolol is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist ('beta-blocker') widely used for the treatment of angina, glaucoma, high blood pressure and other related conditions. since atenolol is not appreciably metabolized in humans, the parent compound is the predominant excretory product, and has been detected in sewage effluent discharges and surface waters. consequently, atenolol has been chosen as a reference pharmaceutical for a european union-funded research consortium, known as erapharm (http://w ... | 2008 | 18179830 |
| toxicogenomics of water chemistry influence on chronic lead exposure to the fathead minnow (pimephales promelas). | establishment of water quality criteria (wqc), intended to protect aquatic life, continues to rely principally on water hardness (i.e. ca(2+)) for lead (pb) despite growing evidence that other chemical parameters also strongly influence toxicity. to more clearly define the water chemistry parameters mediating pb toxicity, we evaluated the effects of hardness as caso(4) and dissolved organic carbon (doc) as humic acid during chronic (150 days) exposures to the fathead minnow. measured pb concentr ... | 2008 | 18346799 |
| molecular cloning of estrogen receptors from fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and bluegill (lepomis macrochirus) fish: limited piscine variation in estrogen receptor-mediated reporter gene transactivation by xenoestrogens. | estrogen receptors (ers) play essential roles in estrogen function. because they may be targets of environmental chemicals, concern exists that exposure to some anthropogenic agents may result in disruption of endocrine systems in human and wildlife populations. various kinds of ers have been reported, and a number of in vitro assays have been established to test hormone-like activity of chemicals. in the present study, cdnas encoding ers from fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and bluegill (l ... | 2008 | 18348633 |
| a practicable laboratory flow-through exposure system for assessing the health effects of effluents in fish. | the knowledge that exposure to estrogenic wastewater treatment work (wwtw) effluents induces a range of reproductive abnormalities in fish has highlighted the need to understand the wider health effects of effluents. access to laboratory-based testing systems for wwtw effluents could greatly facilitate this endeavour. in this investigation, a laboratory-based test system was developed and applied for wwtw effluents using fathead minnows (pimephales promelas). sexually maturing fathead minnows we ... | 2008 | 18508135 |
| developmental and functional ultrastructure of ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus diplostomula (trematoda: strigeoidea) during invasion of the brain of the fish intermediate host, pimephales promelas. | we examined tegumental development of the diplostomulum of ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, with respect to structural transformations that have functional relevance to the invasion, migration, and site establishment processes in the brain of the fish second-intermediate host, pimephales promelas. using a combination of brightfield, scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem), and confocal microscopy (cm), we demonstrated that the diplostomula become established i ... | 2008 | 18605800 |
| overwinter alterations in energy stores and growth in juvenile fishes inhabiting areas receiving metal mining and municipal wastewater effluents. | the winter stress syndrome hypothesis proposes that the combination of winter conditions and contaminant exposure reduces overwinter survival in juvenile fishes, mainly due to increased depletion of stored energy (lipids). to test this hypothesis in the field, juvenile fathead minnows (pimephales promelas), creek chub (semotilus atromaculatus), and white sucker (catostomus commersoni) were collected from three exposure sites along junction creek, sudbury, ontario, canada, representing cumulative ... | 2009 | 18939888 |
| the genomic transcriptional response of female fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) to an acute exposure to the androgen, 17beta-trenbolone. | we investigated the genomic transcriptional response of female fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) to an acute (4 days) exposure to 0.1 or 1.0microg/l of 17beta-trenbolone (tb), the active metabolite of an anabolic androgenic steroid used as a growth promoter in cattle and a contaminant of concern in aquatic systems. our objectives were to investigate the gene expression profile induced by tb, define biomarkers of exposure to tb, and increase our understanding of the mechanisms of adverse effe ... | 2009 | 19019464 |
| a long-term, multitrophic level study to assess pulp and paper mill effluent effects on aquatic communities in four us receiving waters: characteristics of the study streams, sample sites, mills, and mill effluents. | watershed characteristics, study streams, sample sites, mills, and mill effluents are provided for 4 streams included in a long-term study to assess potential effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on us receiving waters. the study streams are codorus creek (pennsylvania, usa), leaf river (mississippi, usa) and mckenzie and willamette rivers (oregon, usa) and were chosen to represent a blend of mill process types, effluent concentrations, and coldwater/warmwater stream systems. the described e ... | 2009 | 19063588 |