| production of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine by a new species of streptomyces and its herbicidal activity. | 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a) was produced by a new species of streptomyces designated as s. herbaceus. ara-a was found to have potent herbicidal activity against echinochloa crus-galli, digitaria adscendens and chenopodium ficifolium by the treatment with ara-a before germination of these plants. however, oryza sativa had strong resistance to ara-a. | 1979 | 528365 |
| n-terminal amino acid sequences of prolamins encoded by the alleles at the pro1 and pro2 loci in foxtail millet, setaria italica (l.) p. beauv. | n-terminal amino acid sequences of six prolamins encoded by seven alleles at two loci, pro1 and pro2, of foxtail millet (setaria italica (l.) p. beauv.) were analyzed and compared with other prolamins of subfamily panicoideae. based on the n-terminal amino acid sequences, band 3 (the prolamin purified from band 3) which is controlled by an allele at the pro1 locus and bands 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 which are controlled by alleles at the pro2 locus could be classified into three groups. band 3 was found ... | 1999 | 10791027 |
| weeds as a source of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in agricultural soils. | the influence of plant growth promoting (pgp) activity of bacterial communities recovered from each of six weed species (barnyard grass (echinochloa crusfalli (l.) beauv.), corn spurrey (spergula arvensis l.), goldenrod (sonchus sp.), italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum l.), lamb's-quarters (chenopodium album l.), and quack grass (agropyron repens (l.) beauv.)) was examined in relation to the effect it had on the growth of the potato cultivar russet burbank. bacterial species composition and co ... | 2001 | 11766050 |
| a bleaching herbicidal activity of methoxyhygromycin (mhm) produced by an actinomycete strain streptomyces sp. 8e-12. | to screen bioherbicidal isolates and evaluate herbicidal activity of methoxyhygromycin (mhm) produced by streptomyces sp. 8e-12. | 2003 | 12753247 |
| bioactivities of nostocine a produced by a freshwater cyanobacterium nostoc spongiaeforme tistr 8169. | a freshwater cyanobacterium, nostoc spongiaeforme tistr 8169, synthesizes and releases a violet pigment, nostocine a, into medium. we examined the bioactivity of nostocine a to several model organisms breeding with n. spongiaeforme in the natural environment. to microalgae, nostocine a exhibited growth inhibitory activity comparable to paraquat, and the activity tended to be stronger to green algae than to cyanobacteria. nostocine a also exhibited strong inhibitory activity to the root elongatio ... | 2003 | 16233448 |
| accumulation of cd, pb and zn by 19 wetland plant species in constructed wetland. | uptake and distribution of cd, pb and zn by 19 wetland plant species were investigated with experiments in small-scale plot constructed wetlands, into which artificial wastewater dosed with cd, pb and zn at concentrations of 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0mgl(-1) was irrigated. the results showed that the removal efficiency of cd, pb and zn from the wastewater were more than 90%. generally, there were tens differences among the 19 plant species in the concentrations and quantity accumulations of the heavy meta ... | 2007 | 17353090 |
| catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in a stenotrophomonas maltophilia wz2 resistant to herbicide pollution. | quinclorac bensulfuron-methyl is a mixed herbicide widely used on paddy rice field to effectively control barnyard grass and most broad-leaved grasses and sedges. we analyzed superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase activities in the quinclorac-highly degrading strain stenotrophomonas maltophilia wz2 and gram-negative standard strain escherichia coli k12 in an attempt to understand antioxidant enzymes in bacteria are produced in response to quinclorac or bensulfuron-methyl, which increases the vi ... | 2009 | 18304632 |
| [the purification and characterization of a novel lipid transfer protein from caryopsis of barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli)]. | a novel lipid transfer protein called ec-ltp was isolated from resting caryopsis of weed barnyard grass echinochloa crusgalli (l.) beauv.; its molecular weight, amino acid content and n-terminal amino acid sequence were determined. ec-ltp was a 9150 da protein, containing eight cysteine residues, which formed four disulfide bonds. the isolated protein could significantly inhibit the development of pathogenic fungi phytophthora infestans and helminthosporium sativum, causing the late blight of po ... | 2009 | 19764607 |
| isolation and characterization of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, serratia sp. sy5. | the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils is important in overcoming its limitations for field application. a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, serratia sp. sy5, was isolated from the rhizoplane of barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli) grown in petroleum and heavy-metal-contaminated soil. this isolate has shown capacities for indole acetic acid production and siderophores synthesis. compared with a non-inoculated cont ... | 2009 | 19996698 |
| differentiation of magnaporthe species complex by rep-pcr genomic fingerprinting. | rice blast disease, caused by the fungus magnoporthe grisea is responsible for considerable damages on rice and leaf spot on some weeds in iran and in other parts of the world. infected samples were collected from rice and weeds including digitaria sanguinalis (crabgrass), setaria italica (foxtail millet), echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard millet), and some unknown weeds during 1997-2005 and were preserved in collection of mycology at the university of tehran, iran. in this study, genetic diversi ... | 2009 | 20222568 |
| weed hosts of meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita common in tobacco fields in south carolina. | thirty-two weed species common in south carolina and one cultivar of tobacco were evaluated as hosts of meloidogyne arenaria race 2 and m. incognita race 3 in the greenhouse. egg mass production and galling differed (p < 0.05) among weed species. chenopodium album, euphorbia maculata, and vicia villosa were good hosts of m. arenaria. amaranthus palmeri, rumex crispus, amaranthus hybridus, ambrosia artemisiifolia, lpomoea hederacea var. integriuscula, setaria lutescens, sida spinosa, portulaca ol ... | 1988 | 19290313 |
| populations of xylella fastidiosa in plants required for transmission by an efficient vector. | abstract xylella fastidiosa, a xylem-limited bacterium that causes pierce's disease (pd) of grapevine and other diseases, is transmitted efficiently by xylem-feeding leafhoppers. acquisition of a pd strain of x. fastidiosa by the blue-green sharpshooter (bgss) from five plant host species-grapevine (vitis vinifera), himalayan blackberry (rubus discolor), california mugwort (artemisia douglasiana), watergrass (echinochloa crus-galli), and bermuda grass (cynodon dactylon)-was tested at various tim ... | 1997 | 18945018 |
| population structure of fusarium fujikuroi from california rice and water grass. | the recent observance of fusarium fujikuroi, the causal agent of bakanae disease of rice, in california provides a unique opportunity to assess the population diversity of an introduced pathogen in a new environment. we collected 172 isolates of this pathogen between 2000 and 2003 from california rice and two from water grass (echinochloa spp.). pathogenicity of f. fujikuroi was demonstrated on early water grass (e. oryzoides) and barnyard grass (e. crus-galli) indicating that weed control shoul ... | 2008 | 18943737 |
| an allelopathic substance in red pine needles (pinus densiflora). | aqueous methanol extracts of red pine (pinus densiflora) needles inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), alfalfa (medicago sativa), ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), timothy (pheleum pratense), digitaria sanguinalis and echinochloa crus-galli. increasing the extract concentration increased inhibition, suggesting that the pine needles may have growth inhibitory substances and possess allelopathic potential. the aqueous methanol extract of the p ... | 2009 | 18755523 |
| weed growth inhibitors from aspergillus fischeri tistr 3272. | chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of aspergillus fischeri tistr 3272 showed good growth inhibitory activity on mimosa pigra and echinochloa crus-galli. bioassay-directed fractionation of the active extracts led to the isolation of five known compounds, (+)-terrein (1), (-)-6-hydroxymellein (2), two diketopiperazines (cyclo-(s-pro-s-leu) (3) and cyclo-(s-pro-s-val) (4)) and butyrolactone i (5). compounds 2-5 were reported for the first time in this fungus. their structural determinations were ... | 2007 | 18075891 |
| host-plant selectivity of rhizobacteria in a crop/weed model system. | belowground microorganisms are known to influence plants' performance by altering the soil environment. plant pathogens such as cyanide-producing strains of the rhizobacterium pseudomonas may show strong host-plant selectivity. we analyzed interactions between different host plants and pseudomonas strains and tested if these can be linked to the cyanide sensitivity of host plants, the cyanide production of bacterial strains or the plant identity from which strains had been isolated. eight strain ... | 2007 | 17786217 |
| diphenamid metabolism in plants. | diphenamid, a herbicide, is metabolized to n-methyl 2,2-diphenylacetamide and 2,2-diphenylacetamide by the common soil fungi trichoderma viride and aspergillus candidus within 48 hours. the two metabolites are more toxic than diphenamid to both tomato and barnyard-grass seedlings under sterile conditions. this finding indicates that the phytotoxic moiety is not diphenamid but one of its metabolites-probably the n-methyl derivative. | 1967 | 17738227 |
| effect of fertilization on the weediness of maize in a long-term field experiment. | we carried our examination in a long-term fertilization field experiment in 2005. in the experiment we had opportunity to compare the weediness in npk and npk + fym1 treatments, and we could study the effect of increasing n dosis on the weeds and maize. the bi-factorial trial was arranged in split plot design with three replications. the weed survey was made 25 days after seeding in the 27th of may. for the weed survey the balázs-ujvárosi method was applied. after the weed survey we collected al ... | 2006 | 17390821 |
| a large-scale field study of transgene flow from cultivated rice (oryza sativa) to common wild rice (o. rufipogon) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli). | the introgression of transgenes into wild relatives or weeds through pollen-mediated gene flow is a major concern in environmental risk assessment of transgenic crops. a large-scale (1.3-1.8 ha) rice gene flow study was conducted using transgenic rice containing the bar gene as a pollen donor and oryza rufipogon as a recipient. there was a high frequency of transgene flow (11%-18%) at 0-1 m, with a steep decline with increasing distance to a detection limit of 0.01% by 250 m. to our knowledge, t ... | 2006 | 17309736 |
| carboxylesterase activities toward pesticide esters in crops and weeds. | proteins were extracted from maize, rice, sorghum, soybean, flax and lucerne; the weeds abutilon theophrasti, echinochloa crus-galli, phalaris canariensis, setaria faberii, setaria viridis, sorghum halepense and the model plant arabidopsis thaliana and assayed for carboxylesterase activity toward a range of xenobiotics. these included the pro-herbicidal esters clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenthioprop-ethyl, methyl-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d-methyl), bromoxynil-octanoate, th ... | 2006 | 17078983 |
| antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi of chaetoviridins isolated from chaetomium globosum. | the chaetomium globosum strain f0142, which was isolated from barnyard grass, showed potent disease control efficacy against rice blast (magnaporthe grisea) and wheat leaf rust (puccinia recondita). two antifungal substances were purified from broth from this organism and identified as chaetoviridins a and b. chaetoviridin a exhibited higher antifungal activity than chaetoviridin b against plant pathogenic fungi both in vitro and in vivo. treatment with chaetoviridin a at 62.5 microg/ml suppress ... | 2005 | 16209910 |
| the potential efficiency of irrigation management and propargyl bromide in controlling three soil pests: tylenchulus semipenetrans, fusarium oxysporum and echinochloa crus-galli. | propargyl bromide (3-bromopropyne, 3bp) is a potential alternative for methyl bromide. little information is available about its efficiency in controlling pests. the purpose of this paper is to estimate the 3bp dose required for killing three pests and to compare the efficiency of water management approaches to that of fumigation. the pests, fusarium oxysporum schlecht (fungus), echinochloa crus-galli (l) beauv (grass) and tylenchulus semipenetrans cobb (nematode) were exposed to different 3bp c ... | 2005 | 15912563 |
| allelochemicals from stauranthus perforatus, a rutaceous tree of the yucatan peninsula, mexico. | aqueous leachates and a chcl3-meoh (1:1) extract of roots of stauranthus perforatus showed a significant phytotoxic effect on amaranthus hypochondriacus and echinochloa crus-galli. bioassay-directed fractionation of the active organic extract led to the isolation and characterization of ten secondary metabolites, which included two pyranocoumarins [xanthyletin (1) and 3-(1',1'-dimethylallyl)-xanthyletin (2)], four furanocoumarins [chalepensin (3), ammirin (4), chalepin (5) and 2'-isopropyl-psora ... | 2005 | 15694456 |
| essential oils from mediterranean lamiaceae as weed germination inhibitors. | the essential oils obtained from rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis l.), thyme (thymus vulgaris l.), and savory (satureja montana l.) and the four monoterpenes that are their major constituents have been analyzed by gc and gc-ms and tested for their allelopathic properties on the seeds of three different annual weeds (chenopodium album, portulaca oleracea, and echinochloa crus-galli) and three crops (raphanus sativus, capsicum annuum, and lactuca sativa), with the aim to evaluate in vitro their po ... | 2003 | 14518938 |
| phytotoxic compounds from flourensia cernua. | bioassay-directed fractionation of a ch(2)cl(2)-meoh (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of flourensia cernua led to the isolation of three phytotoxic compounds, namely, dehydroflourensic acid (1), flourensadiol (2) and methyl orsellinate (3). dehydroflourensic acid is a new natural product whose structure was established by spectral means. in addition, the known flavonoid ermanin and seven hitherto unknown gamma-lactones were obtained, these being tetracosan-4-olide, pentacosan-4-olide, hexacosan ... | 2003 | 12946427 |
| chemical control of perennial and annual weeds in herbicide resistant soybean crops. | in romania, the first tests with roundup ready on soybean crops were performed in 1998, on 2 soil types: a) at teleorman station on chernozem containing 3.5% humus, 4.5% clay b) at brăila station placed in danube meadow on alluvial soil containing 3.90% humus and 46% clay. in every locality cultivated soybean cultivar s.2254 was resistant to glyphosate. during the three years of experiments (1998-2000) the crop of soybean was infested with various species of weeds (both annual and perennial) of ... | 2001 | 12425098 |
| phytotoxic compounds from prionosciadium watsoni. | bioassay-guided fractionation of a phytotoxic extract of prionosciadium watsoni led to the isolation of three new pyranocoumarins and two pyranochromones. the new compounds were characterized as propionic acid (9r,10r)-9-acetoxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2h,8h-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-2-one-10-yl ester (1), isobutyric acid (9r,10r)-9-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2h,8h-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-2-one-10-yl ester (2), isobutyric acid (9r)-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2h,8h-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b'] ... | 2002 | 12088423 |
| evaluation of propargyl bromide for control of barnyardgrass and fusarium oxysporum in three soils. | with the scheduled phasing out of methyl bromide, there is an urgent need for alternatives. we evaluated the efficacy of propargyl bromide as a potential replacement for methyl bromide for the control of barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) and fusarium oxysporum in an arlington sandy loam, a carsitas loamy sand and a florida muck soil. soil was mixed with barnyardgrass seeds or f oxysporum colonized on millet seeds, and treated with propargyl bromide at a range of concentrations. the mortalit ... | 2001 | 11561402 |
| tricolorin a, major phytogrowth inhibitor from ipomoea tricolor. | the allelopathic potential of ipomoea tricolor (convolvulaceae), used in mexican traditional agriculture as a weed controller, has been demonstrated by measuring the inhibitory activity of organic extracts on seedling growth of amaranthus leucocarpus and echinochloa crus-galli. bioactivity-directed fractionation of the active chcl3 extract led to the isolation of the allelopathic principle, which turned out to be a mixture of the so-called "resin glycosides" of convolvulaceous plants. the struct ... | 1993 | 8496705 |
| allelopathy ofsasa cernua. | sasa (sasa cernua makino) is a very serious weed pest. its allelopathy was studied using lettuce, wheat, timothy, and green amaranth as testing species. cultured in the rhizosphere soil ofsasa cernua, the seedlings were inhibited by 42-80% compared with the controls cultured in normal soil and vermiculite. the phenolic fraction extracted with 1 m naoh from the rhizosphere soil ofs. cernua caused significant inhibitions on the seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce, timothy, green amaran ... | 1992 | 24254720 |
| Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce the growth of agricultural weeds? | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for their beneficial effects on plants. However, there is increasing evidence that some ruderal plants, including several agricultural weeds, respond negatively to AMF colonization. Here, we investigated the effect of AMF on the growth of individual weed species and on weed-crop interactions. | 2011 | 22164216 |
| predicting methyl iodide emission, soil concentration, and pest control in a two-dimensional chamber system. | due to ever-increasing state and federal regulations, the future use of fumigants is predicted on reducing negative environmental impacts while offering sufficient pestcontrol efficacy. to foster the development of a best management practice, an integrated tool is needed to simultaneously predict fumigant movement and pest control without having to conduct elaborate and costly experiments. the objective of this study was (i) to present a two-dimensional (2-d) mathematical model to describe both ... | 2011 | 21488499 |
| allelochemical effects of volatile compounds and organic extracts from muscodor yucatanensis, a tropical endophytic fungus from bursera simaruba. | muscodor yucatanensis, an endophytic fungus, was isolated from the leaves of bursera simaruba (burseraceae) in a dry, semideciduous tropical forest in the ecological reserve el eden, quintana roo, mexico. we tested the mixture of volatile organic compounds (vocs) produced by m. yucatanensis for allelochemical effects against other endophytic fungi, phytopathogenic fungi and fungoids, and plants. vocs were lethal to guignardia mangifera, colletotrichum sp., phomopsis sp., alternaria solani, rhizo ... | 2010 | 20809145 |
| transport and fate of methyl iodide and its pest control in soils. | for fumigants, information on transport and fate as well as pest control is needed to develop management practices with the fewest negative environmental effects while offering sufficient pest control efficacy. for this purpose, a 2-d soil chamber with a surface-mounted flux chamber was designed to determine volatilization, real-time soil gas-phase concentration, degradation, and organism survivability after methyl iodide (mei) fumigation. three types of pests were used to give a broad spectrum ... | 2010 | 20704226 |
| plant growth-promoting trait of rhizobacteria isolated from soil contaminated with petroleum and heavy metals. | three hundred and seventy-four rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil (rs) or rhizoplane (rp) of echinochloa crus-galli, carex leiorhyncha, commelina communis, persicaria lapathifolia, carex kobomugi, and equisetum arvense, grown in contaminated soil with petroleum and heavy metals. the isolates were screened for plant growth-promoting potential (pgpp), including indole acetic acid (iaa) productivity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase activity, and siderophore( ... | 2010 | 20372032 |
| fine and coarse regulation of reactive oxygen species in the salt tolerant mutants of barnyard grass and their wild-type parents under salt stress. | the growth of the wild-type and three salt tolerant mutants of barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.) under salt stress was investigated in relation to oxidative stress and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (sod: ec 1.15.1.1), catalase (cat: ec 1.11.1.6), phenol peroxidase (pod: ec 1.11.1.7), glutathione reductase (gr: ec 1.8.1.7) and ascorbate peroxidase (apx: ec 1.11.1.1). the three mutants (fows b17, b19 and b21) grew significantly better than the wild-type under s ... | 2010 | 20070844 |
| studying of cellular interaction of hairpin-like peptide ecamp1 from barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.) seeds with plant pathogenic fungus fusarium solani using microscopy techniques. | an interaction of recombinant hairpin-like cationic peptide ecamp1 with conidia of plant pathogenic fungus fusarium solani at the cellular level was studied by a combination of microscopic methods. ecamp1 is from barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.), and obtained by heterologous expression in escherichia coli system. as a result, a direct relationship between hyphal growth inhibition and increasing active peptide concentration, time of incubation and fungal physiological condition has been ... | 2016 | 26855384 |
| [pseudomonas syringae - the agent of bacterial diseases of weeds]. | the symptoms of bacterial diseases of the associated weeds have been identified and described in the wheat crops grown in different farming systems. on the basis of its morphological, biochemical and serological properties the agent isolated from frost-blite, barnyard grass, wild radish, couch grass, bottle-brush, bindweed and sow thistle has been identified as pseudomonas syringae. serological affinity between the weed bacteria and the agent of bacterial diseases of cereals has been established ... | 2013 | 24006783 |
| phytoremediation and microbial community structure of soil from a metal-contaminated military shooting range: comparisons of field and pot experiments. | in this study, the heavy metal uptake ability of two plant species, barnyard grass and indian mallow, and the effects of associated micro-communities on the rhizosphere of these plants were investigated in metal-contaminated sites. in addition, the effectiveness of phytoremediation using these plants was compared under field and pot conditions. to accomplish this analysis, phytoremediation of general military shooting range soil was conducted for 8 weeks under the two conditions. the results sho ... | 2010 | 20390882 |
| synthesis and herbicidal activity of isoindoline-1,3-dione substituted benzoxazinone derivatives containing a carboxylic ester group. | a carboxylic ester group was introduced to three series of isoindolinedione substituted benzoxazinone derivatives. some of these analogues exhibited good herbicidal activities, and the injury symptoms against weeds included leaf cupping, crinkling, bronzing, and necrosis, typical of protox inhibitor herbicides. structurally, they were classified as chemical group a (4-carboxylic ester group-6-isoindolinyl-benzoxazinones), b (4-carboxylic ester group-7-isoindolinyl-benzoxazinones), and c (4-carbo ... | 2009 | 19772294 |
| phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with heavy metals and tnt using four plant species. | we investigated the germination, growth rates and uptake of contaminants of four plant species, barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli), sunflower (helianthus annuus), indian mallow (abutilon avicennae) and indian jointvetch (aeschynomene indica), grown in soil contaminated with cadmium (cd), lead (pb) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt). these contaminants are typically found at shooting ranges. experiments were carried out over 180 days using both single plant cultures and cultures containing an eq ... | 2007 | 17990167 |
| photosynthetic and growth responses of zea mays l and four weed species following post-emergence treatments with mesotrione and atrazinet. | we compared photosynthesis and growth of zea mays l (corn) and four weed species, setaria viridis (l) beauv (green foxtail), echinochloa crus-galli (l) beauv (barnyardgrass), abutilon theophrasti medic (velvetleaf), and amaranthus retroflexus l (redroot pigweed), following foliar applications with atrazine, mesotrione, or a combination of atrazine and mesotrione in two greenhouse experiments. plant responses to the three herbicide treatments were compared with responses of untreated plants (cont ... | 2004 | 15532681 |
| phytotoxic eremophilane sesquiterpenes from the coprophilous fungus penicillium sp. g1-a14. | bioassay-directed fractionation of an extract from the grain-based culture of the coprophilous fungus penicillium sp. g1-a14 led to the isolation of a new eremophilane-type sesquiterpene, 3r,6r-dihydroxy-9,7(11)-dien-8-oxoeremophilane (1), along with three known analogues, namely, isopetasol (2), sporogen ao-1 (3), and dihydrosporogen ao-1 (4). the structure of 1 was elucidated using 1d and 2d nmr and single-crystal x-ray diffraction. assignment of absolute configuration at the stereogenic cente ... | 2015 | 25603174 |
| naphthoquinone spiroketals and organic extracts from the endophytic fungus edenia gomezpompae as potential herbicides. | from the fermentation mycelium of the endophytic fungus edenia gomezpompae were obtained several phytotoxic compounds including two new members of the naphthoquinone spiroketal family, namely, palmarumycin eg1 (1) and preussomerin eg4 (4). in addition, preussomerins eg1-eg3 (7-9) and palmarumycins cp19 (2), cp17 (3), and cp2 (6), as well as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (5), were obtained. compounds 2, 3, and 5 are new to this species. the structures of palmarumycins cp19 (2) and cp17 (3) w ... | 2014 | 24689520 |
| phytotoxic activity and conformational analysis of thymol analogs from hofmeisteria schaffneri. | bioassay-guided fractionation of two phytotoxic extracts (a ch(2)cl(2)-meoh (1:1) and an aqueous) prepared from the aerial parts of hofmeisteria schaffneri led to isolation of thymol analogs 3-5, along with seven known compounds, 1, 2 and 6-10. compounds 3-5 were identified by spectroscopic methods as 1,4-bis(2'-hydroxy-4'-methylphenyl)butane-1,4-dione (3), 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenyl (2z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate (4) and 2-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)propane-1,3-diyl (2z,2'z)bis(2-methylbut- ... | 2008 | 18328513 |
| pentacyclic triterpenes with selective bioactivity from sebastiania adenophora leaves, euphorbiaceae. | six known pentacyclic triterpenes possessing oleanane, lupane, or taraxerane-type skeletons were isolated from the leaves of sebastiania adenophora (euphorbiaceae) and are reported for the first time in this species. these compounds include 3-epi-beta-amyrin, beta-amyrinone, 3-epi-lupeol, lupenone, taraxerol, and taraxerone. structures were elucidated by comparison with literature data. the bioactivities of these compounds were tested on the root growth of amaranthus hypochondriacus, amaranth (a ... | 2007 | 17151909 |
| biochemically active sesquiterpene lactones from ratibida mexicana. | bioactivity-directed fractionation of the methanol extract of the roots of ratibida mexicana resulted in the isolation of two bioactive sesquiterpene lactones, isoalloalantolactone and elema-1,3,11-trien-8,12-olide. both compounds caused a significant inhibition of the radicle growth of amaranthus hypochondriacus and echinochloa crus-galli, exerted moderate cytotoxic activity against three different solid tumour cell lines and inhibited significantly the radial growth of three phytopathogenic fu ... | 1995 | 7546556 |
| synthesis and herbicidal activity evaluation of novel α-amino phosphonate derivatives containing a uracil moiety. | a series of novel α-amino phosphonate derivatives containing a uracil moiety 3a-3l were designed and synthesized by a lewis acid (magnesium perchlorate) catalyzed the kabachnik-fields reaction. the bioassays {in vitro, in vivo [glass house 1 (gh1) and glass house 2 (gh2)]} showed that most of compounds 3 exhibited excellent and selective herbicidal activities; for example, in gh1 test, compounds 3b, 3d, 3f, 3h and 3j showed excellent and wide spectrum herbicidal activities at the dose of 1000 g/ ... | 2016 | 26786699 |
| phytotoxic potential and biological activity of three synthetic coumarin derivatives as new natural-like herbicides. | coumarin is a natural compound well known for its phytotoxic potential. in the search for new herbicidal compounds to manage weeds, three synthetic derivatives bearing the coumarin scaffold (1-3), synthesized by a carbonylative organometallic approach, were in vitro assayed on germination and root growth of two noxious weeds, amaranthus retroflexus and echinochloa crus-galli. moreover, the synthetic coumarins 1-3 were also in vitro assayed on seedlings growth of the model species arabidopsis tha ... | 2015 | 26426002 |
| pyrimidinyl-substituted amides and thioureas: syntheses, crystal structure and herbicidal activities. | the high herbicidal activities of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine and 2h-1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives suggested the development of new fused heterocyclic compounds for application as herbicides. | 2008 | 18080290 |
| assessment of phytotoxicity of parthenin. | phytotoxicity of parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone, was evaluated against four weedy species (amaranthus viridis, cassia occidentalis, echinochloa crus-galli, and phalaris minor) through a series of experiments conducted under laboratory or greenhouse conditions to assess its herbicidal potential. under laboratory conditions, parthenin (0.5-2 mm) severely reduced seedling growth (root and shoot) and dry weight of test weeds. however, the effect was greater on root growth. parthenin (1 mm) suppr ... | 2011 | 17708442 |
| asparagus decline: autotoxicity and autotoxic compounds in asparagus rhizomes. | asparagus (asparagus officinalis l.) is a perennial vegetable, but its crop productivity and quality decrease gradually. one possible reason for "asparagus decline" is thought to be the autotoxicity of asparagus. however, the autotoxic property of asparagus rhizomes remains unknown. the objective of this study was to determine the potential role of rhizomes in the autotoxicity of asparagus. an aqueous methanol extract of asparagus rhizomes inhibited the growth of asparagus seedlings and six othe ... | 2017 | 28314158 |
| multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua as natural-product-based herbicide leads. | fifteen novel derivatives of d-diboa, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions c-2 and n-4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (sts) evaluated. this strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. an evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems oryza sativa-echinochloa crus-galli and triticum aestivum-avena fatua ... | 2010 | 20628996 |
| nimbolide b and nimbic acid b, phytotoxic substances in neem leaves with allelopathic activity. | neem (azadirachta indica) has been widely used as a traditional medicine and several bioactive compounds have been isolated from this species, but to date no potent allelopathic active substance has been reported. therefore, we investigated possible allelopathic property and phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity in neem. an aqueous methanol extract of neem leaves inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress, lettuce, alfalfa, timothy, crabgrass, ryegrass, barnyard grass and jungl ... | 2014 | 24865604 |
| kaempferol activates g₂-checkpoint of the cell cycle resulting in g₂-arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in human acute leukemia jurkat t cells. | the effect of kaempferol (3,5,7,4-tetrahydroxyflavone), a flavonoid compound that was identified in barnyard millet (echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea) grains, on g2-checkpoint and apoptotic pathways was investigated in human acute leukemia jurkat t cell clones stably transfected with an empty vector (j/neo) or a bcl-xl expression vector (j/bcl-xl). exposure of j/neo cells to kaempeferol caused cytotoxicity and activation of the atm/atr-chk1/chk2 pathway, activating the phosphorylation of ... | 2016 | 26699757 |
| barnyard grasses were processed with rice around 10000 years ago. | rice (oryza sativa) is regarded as the only grass that was selected for cultivation and eventual domestication in the yangtze basin of china. although both macro-fossils and micro-fossils of rice have been recovered from the early neolithic site of shangshan, dating to more than 10,000 years before present (bp), we report evidence of phytolith and starch microfossils taken from stone tools, both for grinding and cutting, and cultural layers, that indicating barnyard grass (echinochloa spp.) was ... | 2015 | 26536839 |
| the complete chloroplast genome of an irreplaceable dietary and model crop, foxtail millet (setaria italica). | the complete chloroplast genome sequence of foxtail millet (setaria italica), an important food and fodder crop in the family poaceae, is first reported in this study. the genome consists of 1 35 516 bp containing a pair of inverted repeats (irs) of 21 804 bp separated by a large single-copy (lsc) region and a small single-copy (ssc) region of 79 896 bp and 12 012 bp, respectively. coding sequences constitute 58.8% of the genome harboring 111 unique genes, 71 of which are protein-coding genes, 4 ... | 2016 | 26486605 |
| rice transcriptome analysis to identify possible herbicide quinclorac detoxification genes. | quinclorac is a highly selective auxin-type herbicide and is widely used in the effective control of barnyard grass in paddy rice fields, improving the world's rice yield. the herbicide mode of action of quinclorac has been proposed, and hormone interactions affecting quinclorac signaling has been identified. because of widespread use, quinclorac may be transported outside rice fields with the drainage waters, leading to soil and water pollution and other environmental health problems. in this s ... | 2015 | 26483837 |
| root discrimination of closely related crop and weed species using ft mir-atr spectroscopy. | root discrimination of species is a pre-condition for studying belowground competition processes between crop and weed species. in this experiment, we tested fourier transform mid-infrared (ft mir)-attenuated total reflection (atr) spectroscopy to discriminate roots of closely related crop and weed species grown in the greenhouse: maize/barnyard grass, barley/wild oat, wheat/blackgrass (poaceae), and sugar beet/common lambsquarters (chenopodiaceae). fresh (moist) and dried root segments as well ... | 2015 | 26483799 |
| mexican propolis flavonoids affect photosynthesis and seedling growth. | as a continuous effort to find new natural products with potential herbicide activity, flavonoids acacetin (1), chrysin (2) and 4',7-dimethylnarangenin (3) were isolated from a propolis sample collected in the rural area of mexico city and their effects on the photosynthesis light reactions and on the growth of lolium perenne, echinochloa crus-galli and physalis ixocarpa seedlings were investigated. acacetin (1) acted as an uncoupler by enhancing the electron transport under basal and phosphoryl ... | 2015 | 26318278 |
| uncovering the differential molecular basis of adaptive diversity in three echinochloa leaf transcriptomes. | echinochloa is a major weed that grows almost everywhere in farmed land. this high prevalence results from its high adaptability to various water conditions, including upland and paddy fields, and its ability to grow in a wide range of climates, ranging from tropical to temperate regions. three echinochloa crus-galli accessions (ec-snu1, ec-snu2, and ec-snu3) collected in korea have shown diversity in their responses to flooding, with ec-snu1 exhibiting the greatest growth among three accessions ... | 2015 | 26266806 |
| soil transformation of wheat and corn metabolites mboa and dim2boa into aminophenoxazinones. | the defensive cyclic hydroxamates 7-methoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa) and 7,8-dimethoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (dim2boa) of wheat and corn are transformed in nonsterile soil, via 6-methoxy-2(3h)-benzoxazolone (mboa) and 6,7-dimethoxy-2(3h)-benzoxazolone (m2boa) respectively, into 2-amino-7-methoxy-3h-phenoxazin-3-one and 2-amino-4,6,7-trimethoxy-3h-phenoxazin-3-one. the soil transformation is similar of that undergone by the rye metabolite 2(3h)-benzoxazolon ... | 1993 | 24248702 |
| soil transformation of 2(3h)-benzoxazolone of rye into phytotoxic 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one. | nonsterile soil transforms the rye metabolite 2(3h)-benzoxazolone (boa) into 2-amino-3h-phenoxazin-3-one, which is an order of magnitude more toxic to barnyard grass than benzoxazolone. benzoxazolone was recovered unchanged from sterile soil. however,o-aminophenol is converted to aminophenoxazinone by both sterile and nonsterile soil in the presence of air. aminophenoxazinone is probably produced by microbial hydrolysis of benzoxazolone intoo-aminophenol, which is oxidized to aminophenoxazinone ... | 1992 | 24254712 |
| 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: selective toxicity of rye (secale cereale l.) allelochemicals to weed and crop species: ii. | three allelochemicals from rye or its breakdown products were evaluated for activity on garden cress (lepidum sativum l.), barnyardgrass [echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.], cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and snap bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2h)-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa), 2(3h)-benzoxazolinone (boa), and 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene (azob) were all applied singly at 50, 100, and 200 ppm and in two- and three-way combinations each at 50 and 100 ppm. azob at 100 and 200 ppm produce ... | 1991 | 24258430 |
| defense peptides from barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.) seeds. | a number of defense polypeptides from latent seeds of weed cereal barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l.) has been isolated and characterized using an acidic extraction and high performance liquid chromatography methods in combination with maldi-tof mass spectrometry and edman sequencing. members of three antimicrobial peptide families and two protease inhibitor families were found to be localized in barnyard grass seeds. their biological activity concerning to gram-positive and gram-negative ... | 2012 | 22940285 |
| seed defensins of barnyard grass echinochloa crusgalli (l.) beauv. | from the annual weed barnyard grass echinochloa crusgalli (l.) beauv., two novel defensins ec-amp-d1 and ec-amp-d2 that differ by a single amino acid substitution were isolated by a combination of different chromatographic procedures. both defensins were active against several phytopathogenic fungi and the oomycete phytophthora infestans at micromolar concentrations. the ec-amp-d1 showed higher activity against the oomycete than ec-amp-d2. the comparison of the amino acid sequences of the antifu ... | 2008 | 18625284 |
| design, synthesis, biological activities and 3d-qsar of new n,n'-diacylhydrazines containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy moieties. | a series of new n,n'-diacylhydrazine derivatives were designed and synthesized. their structures were verified by 1h-nmr, ms and elemental analysis. the herbicidal activities and plant growth regulating activity of these n,n'-diacylhydrazines were evaluated. the herbicidal activity results showed that most of these n,n'-diacyl-hydrazines showed excellent in vivo activities against echinochloa crus-galli, digitaria sanguinalis, brassica napus, amaranthus retroflerus. most of them exhibited higher ... | 2013 | 24300121 |
| the newly isolated endophytic fungus paraconiothyrium sp. lk1 produces ascotoxin. | we have isolated five endophytic fungi from the roots of capsicum annuum, cucumis sativus and glycine max. the culture filtrates (cf) of these endophytes were screened on dwarf mutant rice (waito-c) and normal rice (dongjin-byeo). endophyte cac-1a significantly inhibited the growth of waito-c and dongjin-byeo. endophyte cac-1a was identified as paraconiothyrium sp. by sequencing the its rdna region and phylogenetic analysis. the ethyl acetate fraction of paraconiothyrium sp. suppressed the germi ... | 2012 | 22267195 |
| design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of novel substituted 3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives. | a series of novel substituted 3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized using 2-phenylpridines as the lead compound by intermediate derivatization methods in an attempt to obtain novel compound candidates for weed control. the herbicidal activity assay in glasshouse tests showed several compounds (ii6, ii7, ii8, ii9, ii10, ii11, iii2, iii3, iii4, and iii5) could efficiently control velvet leaf, youth-and-old age, barnyard grass, and foxtail at the 37.5 g/ha act ... | 2014 | 25437124 |
| echinochloa chloroplast genomes: insights into the evolution and taxonomic identification of two weedy species. | the genus echinochloa (poaceae) includes numerous problematic weeds that cause the reduction of crop yield worldwide. to date, dna sequence information is still limited in the genus echinochloa. in this study, we completed the entire chloroplast genomes of two echinochloa species (echinochloa oryzicola and echinochloa crus-galli) based on high-throughput sequencing data from their fresh green leaves. the two echinochloa chloroplast genomes are 139,891 and 139,800 base pairs in length, respective ... | 2014 | 25427255 |
| estimation of base temperatures for nine weed species. | experiments were conducted to test several methods for estimating low temperature thresholds for seed germination. temperature responses of nine weeds common in annual agroecosystems were assessed in temperature gradient experiments. species included summer annuals (amaranthus albus, a. palmeri, digitaria sanguinalis, echinochloa crus-galli, portulaca oleracea, and setaria glauca), winter annuals (hirschfeldia incana and sonchus oleraceus), and conyza canadensis, which is classified as a summer ... | 2000 | 10938833 |
| comparison of arsenic uptake ability of barnyard grass and rice species for arsenic phytoremediation. | in this research, the relative performance in arsenic (as) remediation was evaluated among some barnyard grass and rice species under hydroponic conditions. to this end, four barnyard grass varieties and two rice species were selected and tested for their remediation potential of arsenic. the plants were grown for 2 weeks in as-rich solutions up to 10 mg as l(-1) to measure their tolerance to as and their uptake capabilities. among the varieties of plants tested in all treatment types, br-29 ric ... | 2015 | 25389022 |
| effect of leaf detachment on chlorophyll fluorescence during chilling experiments. | the effect of leaf detachment on chlorophyll fluorescence was analyzed for zea mays, cucumis sativus, phaseolus vulgaris, and echinochloa crus-galli. results clearly indicate that detachment hastens the decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence during the course of chilling experiments. for maize and bean, the activity of photosystem ii of chloroplasts isolated from detached leaves is lower than that of chloroplasts isolated from attached leaves. there are also large differences in ionic loss between ... | 1985 | 16664345 |
| [allelopathic effects of cymbopogon citratu volatile and its chemical components]. | this paper studied the allelopathic effects of cymbopogon citratus volatile on the seed germination and seedling growth of corn and barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli) in field and in obturator, and analyzed the chemical components of the volatile with spme and gc-ms. the results of bio-assay indicated that the germination rate of corn or barnyard grass intercropped with c. citrate or enclosed in obturator with fresh c. citratus had no significant difference from the control, but the seedling ... | 2005 | 16011184 |
| the effect of salinity on chlorophyll, proline and mineral nutrients in common weeds of coastal rice fields in malaysia. | six weed species (leptochola chinensis, echinochloa crus-galli, echinochloa colona, jussiaea linifolia, oryza sativa (weedy rice) and cyperus iria) were tested for their salt tolerant traits in terms of chlorophyll, proline and mineral nutrients accumulation against different salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 ds m(-1)). chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, proline and mineral nutrients accumulation were determined. salt stress showed prominent effect on all the parameters i ... | 2014 | 25204059 |
| synergetic effect of rhamnolipid from pseudomonas aeruginosa c1501 and phytotoxic metabolite from lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae c1136 on amaranthus hybridus l. and echinochloa crus-galli weeds. | rhamnolipid (rh) is a biosurfactant produced by the bacterial pseudomonas aeruginosa. this present study investigates rhizospheric strain c1501 of p. aeruginosa with an accession number kf976394 with the best production of rhamnolipid: a biosurfactant. the partially purified rhamnolipid from strain c1501 and tween 80 was tested on mycelial growth of wild strain c1136. the enzyme activities involved in biodegradation, as well as necrosis induction on the tested weeds, were performed using scannin ... | 2017 | 28397123 |
| interference of allelopathic rice with paddy weeds at the root level. | despite increasing knowledge of the involvement of allelopathy in negative interactions among plants, relatively little is known about its action at the root level. this study aims to enhance understanding of interactions of roots between a crop and associated weeds via allelopathy. based on a series of experiments with window rhizoboxes and root segregation methods, we examined root placement patterns and root interactions between allelopathic rice and major paddy weeds cyperus difformis, echin ... | 2017 | 28218979 |
| chemical composition and phytotoxicity of volatile essential oil from intact and fallen leaves of eucalyptus citriodora. | a total of 23 volatile constituents was identified and characterized by gc and gc-ms in the volatile essential oil extracted from intact (juvenile and adult) and fallen (senescent and leaf litter) leaves of lemon-scented eucalyptus (eucalyptus citriodora hook.). the leaves differed in their pigment, water and protein content, and c/n ratio. the oils were, in general, monoterpenoid in nature with 18 monoterpenes and 5 sesquiterpenes. however, a great variability in the amount of essential oils an ... | 2015 | 16989303 |
| mechanism of metamifop inhibition of the carboxyltransferase domain of acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase in echinochloa crus-galli. | acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase (accase) plays crucial roles in fatty acid metabolism and is an attractive target for herbicide discovery. metamifop is a novel accase-inhibiting herbicide that can be applied to control sensitive weeds in paddy fields. in this study, the effects of metamifop on the chloroplasts, accase activity and carboxyltransferase (ct) domain gene expression in echinochloa crus-galli were investigated. the results showed that metamifop interacted with the ct domain of accase in ... | 2016 | 27666674 |
| using next-generation sequencing to detect mutations endowing resistance to pesticides: application to acetolactate-synthase (als)-based resistance in barnyard grass, a polyploid grass weed. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies offer tremendous possibilities for accurate detection of mutations endowing pesticide resistance, yet their use for this purpose has not emerged in crop protection. this study aims at promoting ngs use for pesticide resistance diagnosis. it describes a simple procedure accessible to virtually any scientist and implementing freely accessible programs for the analysis of ngs data. | 2015 | 24777558 |
| pollen-mediated transfer of herbicide resistance in echinochloa crus-galli. | pollen-mediated gene flow (pmgf) can facilitate the dispersal and spread of herbicide resistance from one weed population to another within an agricultural landscape. the aim of this study was to quantify the extent of pmgf in echinochloa crus-galli (barnyardgrass), an important herbicide-resistant weed species in the united states and across the world. | 2014 | 24623467 |
| a potent phytotoxic substance in aglaia odorata lour. | aglaia odorata lour. (meliaceae) was found to have very strong allelopathic activity and a bioherbicide porganic(™) was developed from its leaf extracts. however, the phytotoxic substances causing the strong allelopathic activity of the plants have not yet been determined. therefore, we investigated allelopathic properties and phytotoxic substances in a. odorata. aqueous etoh extracts of a. odorata leaves inhibited root and shoot growth of garden cress (lepidum sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa) ... | 2016 | 27088639 |
| the complete chloroplast genomes of three korean echinochloa crus-galli accessions. | the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of three echinochloa crus-galli accessions (kr822684, kr822685, and kr822686) are reported in this work. the cp genome size is similar in three accessions, ranging from 139 846 bp to 139 860 bp. all three genomes have two inverted repeats (ir) of 22 748 bp per each ir with a large single copy (lsc) region of 81 833-81 844 bp and a small single copy (ssc) region of 12 517-12 520 bp. the total of 131 genes was identified in individual accession. phylogenetic a ... | 2016 | 26466198 |
| competition between rice (oryza sativa l.) and (barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) p. beauv.) as affected by methanol foliar application. | pot experiment was conducted in iran, to evaluate the effect of methanol on competition between rice (oryza sativa) and barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli). the experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with a factorial treatment arrangement and three replicates. factors were two aqueous methanol foliar applications (0, and 14% v/v) and five rice: barnyardgrass ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:6, and 0:100). replacement series diagrams for aboveground dry weight illustrate ... | 2015 | 26062115 |
| identification and mrna expression profile of glutamate receptor-like gene in quinclorac-resistant and susceptible echinochloa crus-galli. | animal ionotropic glutamate receptors (iglurs) function as ca(2+) ion channels during excitatory neurotransmission in nerve cells. here, a glutamate receptor-like gene (glr) was identified and characterized from a plant - echinochloa crus-galli. the glr gene was designated ecglr1 with genbank no: jx518597. it has a 2,793 bp open reading frame predicted to encode a 101.7 kda protein. sequence alignment showed that ecglr1 is a glr homologue. its expression in response to quinclorac treatment was a ... | 2013 | 24036427 |
| [research on identification of cabbages and weeds combining spectral imaging technology and sam taxonomy]. | weeds automatic identification is the key technique and also the bottleneck for implementation of variable spraying and precision pesticide. therefore, accurate, rapid and non-destructive automatic identification of weeds has become a very important research direction for precision agriculture. hyperspectral imaging system was used to capture the hyperspectral images of cabbage seedlings and five kinds of weeds such as pigweed, barnyard grass, goosegrass, crabgrass and setaria with the wavelengt ... | 2015 | 25970917 |
| multiple-herbicide resistance in echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensis, an allohexaploid weed species, in dry-seeded rice. | biotypes of echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensis with resistance to cyhalofop-butyl, an acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) inhibitor, have been found in dry-seeded rice fields in okayama, japan. we collected two lines with suspected resistance (ecf27 and ecf108) from dry-seeded rice fields and investigated their sensitivity to cyhalofop-butyl and other herbicides. both lines exhibited approximately 7-fold higher resistance to cyhalofop-butyl than a susceptible line. ecf108 was susceptible to pen ... | 2015 | 25868810 |
| acetylation of barnyardgrass starch with acetic anhydride under iodine catalysis. | barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) is an invasive plant that is difficult to control and is found in abundance as part of the waste of the paddy industry. in this study, barnyardgrass starch was extracted and studied to obtain a novel starch with potential food and non-food applications. we report some of the physicochemical, functional and morphological properties as well as the effect of modifying this starch with acetic anhydride by catalysis with 1, 5 or 10mm of iodine. the extent of the ... | 2015 | 25704707 |
| synthesis and herbicidal evaluation of novel benzothiazole derivatives as potential inhibitors of d1 protease. | d1 protease is a c-terminal processing protease that has been predicted to be an ideal herbicidal target. three novel series of benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their herbicidal activities against brassica napus (rape) and echinochloa crusgalli (barnyard grass). the preliminary bioassay indicated that most of the synthesized compounds possess promising d1 protease inhibitory activities and considerable herbicidal activities. molecular docking was performed to position ... | 2016 | 26905829 |
| biology of rice bug leptocorisa oratorius (fabricius) (hemiptera: alydidae), population change and alternative host plants. | leptocorisa oratorius (fabricius) (hemiptera: alydidae) is a major rice pest which feeds on the sap of stems and rice seeds. some graminaceous weed species serve as an alternative host of l. oratorius causing outbreaks throughout the rice growing season. population changes of l. oratorius during both rice growing seasons - wet-season rice and dry-season rice - including the influence of alternative host, barnyard grass echinochloa crus-galli (graminaceae) on the development of l. oratorius was s ... | 2013 | 25145240 |
| synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel 1-(diethoxy-phosphoryl)-3-(4-one-1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2-yl carboxylic esters. | a series of novel compounds, namely 1-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-3-(4-ones-1h-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl carboxylic esters, were designed on the basis of the diazafulvene intermediate of imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase (igpd) and high-activity inhibitors of igpd, and synthesized as inhibitors targeting igpd in plants. their structures were confirmed by 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, 31p-nmr and hr-ms. the herbicidal evaluation performed by a petri dish culture method showed that most compounds possesse ... | 2015 | 25587785 |
| a phytotoxic active substance in the decomposing litter of the fern gleichenia japonica. | the fern gleichenia japonica often dominates plant communities by forming large monospecific stands throughout the temperate to tropical asia. the objective of this study was the investigation of allelopathic property and substances of the decomposing litter of the fern to evaluate the possible involvement of its allelopathy in the domination. an aqueous methanol extract of g. japonica litter inhibited the growth of garden cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), barnyard grass (echin ... | 2015 | 25569852 |
| adaptation to flooding during emergence and seedling growth in rice and weeds, and implications for crop establishment. | direct seeding of rice is being adopted in rainfed and irrigated lowland ecosystems because it reduces labour costs in addition to other benefits. however, early flooding due to uneven fields or rainfall slows down seed germination and hinders crop establishment. conversely, early flooding helps suppress weeds and reduces the costs of manual weeding and/or dependence on herbicides; however, numerous weed species are adapted to lowlands and present challenges for the use of flooding to control we ... | 2012 | 22957137 |
| identification and comparative analysis of micrornas in barnyardgrass (echinochloa crus-galli) in response to rice allelopathy. | rice allelopathy is a hot topic in the field of allelopathy, and behaviour of donor allelopathic rice has been well documented. however, few study addresses response of receiver barnyardgrass (byg). we found that expression of mirnas relevant to plant hormone signal transduction, nucleotide excision repair and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and p53 signalling pathways was enhanced in byg co-cultured with the allelopathic rice cultivar pi312777, the expression levels of these mirn ... | 2015 | 25438645 |
| suaveolic acid: a potent phytotoxic substance of hyptis suaveolens. | hyptis suaveolens (lamiaceae) is an exotic invasive plant in many countries. earlier studies reported that the aqueous, methanol, and aqueous methanol extract of h. suaveolens and its residues have phytotoxic properties. however, to date, the phytotoxic substances of this plant have not been reported. therefore, the objectives of this study were isolation and identification of phytotoxic substances of h. suaveolens. aqueous methanol extract of this plant was purified by several chromatographic r ... | 2014 | 25405221 |
| differences in responses to flooding by germinating seeds of two contrasting rice cultivars and two species of economically important grass weeds. | crop productivity is largely affected by abiotic factors such as flooding and by biotic factors such as weeds. although flooding after direct seeding of rice helps suppress weeds, it also can adversely affects germination and growth of rice, resulting in poor crop establishment. barnyard grasses (echinochloa spp.) are among the most widespread weeds affecting rice, especially under direct seeding. the present work aimed to establish effective management options to control these weeds. we assesse ... | 2014 | 25336336 |
| isolation and identification of an allelopathic phenylethylamine in rice. | allelopathy is the process whereby an organic chemical (allelochemical) released from one plant influences the growth and development of other plants. allelochemicals produced by specific rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars have potential to manage barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli l.), a major yield-limiting weed species in rice production systems in asia and north america. in this study, isolation and identification of an allelopathic compound, n-trans-cinnamoyltyramine (ntct), in a vietname ... | 2014 | 25212867 |
| phytotoxic activity of ocimum tenuiflorum extracts on germination and seedling growth of different plant species. | phytotoxic activity of ocimum tenuiflorum (lamiaceae) plant extracts was investigated against the germination and seedling growth of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), alfalfa (medicago sativa), italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli), and timothy (phleum pratense) at four different concentrations. the plant extracts at concentrations greater than 30 mg dry weight equivalent extract ml(-1) reduced significantly the total germination percent ... | 2014 | 25032234 |
| translation of in vitro inhibition by marine natural products of the c4 acid cycle enzyme pyruvate p(i) dikinase to in vivo c4 plant tissue death. | marine organism derived extracts, previously identified as containing compounds that inhibited the c4 acid cycle enzyme pyruvate p(i) dikinase (ppdk), were assessed for their ability to exhibit an effect on the c4 plants digitaria ciliaris and echinochloa crus-galli. oxygen electrode studies revealed that over half of these extracts inhibited c4 acid driven photosynthesis in leaf slices. seventeen extracts had a deleterious effect on c4 plants in vivo within 24 h, whereas 36 caused an observable ... | 2005 | 15884807 |
| the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide isolated from senecio salignus act as phytogrowth and photosynthesis inhibitors. | the n-hexane extract of s. salignus plants inhibited atp synthesis and two sesquiterpenes, the β-caryophyllene (1) and caryophyllene oxide (2) were isolated from this nonpolar fraction. compound 1 inhibited by 42% the root elongation of physalis ixocarpa seedlings at 50 µg/ml and by 53% at 150 µg/ml, whereas at 150 µg/ml this compound only inhibited root elongation of echinochloa crus-galli by 30%. on the other hand, compound 2 had no effect on either germination or root and stem growth of e. cr ... | 2012 | 22310166 |