| genotyping of trim5 locus in northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina), a primate species susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | the pig-tailed macaques are the only old world monkeys known to be susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. we have previously reported that the trim5-cyclophilin a (trimcyp) fusion in pig-tailed macaques (macaca nemestrina) is dysfunctional in restricting hiv-1, which may explain why pig-tailed macaques are susceptible to hiv-1 infection. similar results have also been reported by other groups. however, according to the current primate taxonomy, the previously repor ... | 2009 | 19505341 |
| Nonredundancy in the dispersal network of a generalist tropical forest tree. | Plant species with generalized dispersal mutualisms are considered to be robust to local frugivore extinctions because of redundancy between dispersal agents. However, real redundancy can only occur if frugivores have similar foraging and ranging patterns and if fruit is a limiting resource. We evaluated the quantitative and qualitative contributions of seed dispersers for an endochorus mast-fruiting species, Prunus javanica (Rosaceae) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, to evaluate the potenti ... | 2011 | 21870623 |
| Sleeping site selection and presleep behavior in wild pigtailed macaques. | Several factors are likely to control sleeping site selection and presleep behavior in nonhuman primates, including predation risk and location of food resources. We examined the effects of these factors on the sleeping behavior of northern pigtailed macaques (Macaca leonina). While following a troop living in the surroundings of the Visitor Center of Khao Yai National Park (Thailand), we recorded the physical characteristics and location of each sleeping site, tree, the individuals' place in th ... | 2011 | 21898516 |
| dengue, japanese encephalitis and chikungunya virus antibody prevalence among captive monkey (macaca nemestrina) colonies of northern thailand. | the potential of macaque macaca nemestrina leonina in thailand to be infected by endemic arboviruses was assessed. the prevalence of antibodies of three arboviruses actively circulating in thailand was determined by plaque reduction neutralization assay procedures using samples from captive colonies in northern thailand. out of 38 macaques, 9 (24%) presented reacting antibodies against dengue virus, 5 (13%) against japanese encephalitis virus, and 4 (10%) against chikungunya virus. our results i ... | 2014 | 24105916 |
| cloning, sequencing, and polymorphism analysis of novel classical mhc class i alleles in northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | the northern pig-tailed macaque (macaca leonina) has been confirmed to be an independent species from the pig-tailed macaque group of old world monkey. we have previously reported that the northern pig-tailed macaques were also susceptible to hiv-1. here, to make this animal a potential hiv/aids model and to discover the mechanism of virus control, we attempted to assess the role of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted immune responses to hiv-1 infection, which was associate ... | 2016 | 26782049 |
| replication potentials of hiv-1/hsiv in pbmcs from northern pig-tailed macaque (macaca leonina). | the northern pig-tailed macaque (macaca leonina) has been identified as an independent species of old world monkey, and we previously found that pbmcs from m. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), which may be due to the absence of a trim5 protein restricting hiv-1 replication. here we investigated the infection potentials of six laboratory adapted hiv-1 strains and three primary hiv-1 isolates in pbmcs from m. leonina. the results indicate that these strains a ... | 2014 | 24866489 |
| the effect of exon 7 deletion during the evolution of trimcyp fusion proteins on viral restriction, cytoplasmic body formation and multimerization. | trimcyp is a fusion protein consisting of the trim5 gene product and retrotransposed cyclophilin a (cypa). two primate trimcyp fusion proteins with varying anti-hiv-1 activities independently evolved in owl monkeys and old world monkeys. in addition, old world monkey trimcyps lack exon7, which encodes amino acids in the linker2 region. previous studies on trim5α indicated that this region affects anti-retroviral activity, cytoplasmic body formation, and multimerization. the effects of exon7 dele ... | 2015 | 25822622 |
| [the primate trimcyp fusion genes and mechanism of restricting retroviruses replication]. | trim5-cyclophilin a (trimcyp) fusion gene is an unusual trim5 locus. at present, this fusion phenomenon has been found in the representative species which contain owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus) of aotus genus that belongs to new world monkeys and old world monkeys such as northern pig-tailed macaque (m. leonina), sunda pig-tailed macaque(m. nemestrina), crab-eating macaque (m. fascicularis), indian rhesus macaque (m. mulatta) and assam macaque (m. assamensis), etc. but the fusion mode and transc ... | 2012 | 22345017 |
| watering holes: the use of arboreal sources of drinking water by old world monkeys and apes. | water is one of the most important components of an animal's diet, as it is essential for life. primates, as do most animals, procure water directly from standing or free-flowing sources such as pools, ponds and rivers, or indirectly by the ingestion of certain plant parts. the latter is frequently described as the main source of water for predominantly arboreal species. however, in addition to these, many species are known to drink water accumulated in tree-holes. this has been commonly observe ... | 2016 | 27234173 |
| local and landscape correlates of primate distribution and persistence in the remnant lowland rainforests of the upper brahmaputra valley, northeastern india. | habitat fragmentation affects species distribution and abundance, and drives extinctions. escalated tropical deforestation and fragmentation have confined many species populations to habitat remnants. how worthwhile is it to invest scarce resources in conserving habitat remnants within densely settled production landscapes? are these fragments fated to lose species anyway? if not, do other ecological, anthropogenic, and species-related factors mitigate the effect of fragmentation and offer conse ... | 2014 | 24471780 |
| identification of mhc class i sequences in four species of macaca of china. | tibetan macaques (macaca thibetana), stump-tailed macaques (m. arctoides), assamese macaques (m. assamensis), and northern pig-tailed macaques (m. leonina) are four major species of macaca in china. in order to effectively use these species in biomedical research, thorough investigations of their mhc immunogenetics are required. in this study, we identified mhc class i sequences using cdna cloning and sequencing on a cohort of six m. thibetana, three m. arctoides, three m. assamensis, and three ... | 2013 | 24045838 |
| predict disease progression from t-cell phenotypes in northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina) during sivmac239 infection. | macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaques, npms) have variable disease progression during sivmac239 infection. in the present study, we analysed, for the first time, the correlations between t-cell phenotypes and disease progression in npms during sivmac239 infection. in comparison to normal progressors (nps), slow progressors (sps) had lower chronic t-cell activation and exhaustion levels. in addition, sps showed higher peripheral cd4(+) t-cell count and cd4 : cd8 ratio, and lower plasma vir ... | 2017 | 28707699 |
| molecular cloning and anti-hiv-1 activities of apobec3s from northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | northern pig-tailed macaques (npms, macaca leonina) are susceptible to hiv-1 infection largely due to the loss of hiv-1-restricting factor trim5α. however, great impediments still exist in the persistent replication of hiv-1 in vivo, suggesting some viral restriction factors are reserved in this host. the apobec3 proteins have demonstrated a capacity to restrict hiv-1 replication, but their inhibitory effects in npms remain elusive. in this study, we cloned the npm a3a-a3h genes, and determined ... | 2016 | 27469256 |
| viral seroprevalence in northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina) derived from ho chi minh city, vietnam. | non-human primates are natural virus reservoirs, whether wild or domestic. in this study, we determined the seroprevalence of common viruses by elisa in a northern pig-tailed macaque (macaca leonina) colony derived from ho chi minh city, vietnam. a total of 20 types of virus which are commonly selected as target microorganisms for specific-pathogen-free colonies, or which have zoonotic potential were included in this study. the results showed only 2 in 90 northern pig-tailed macaques were serone ... | 2016 | 26993123 |
| longitudinal analysis reveals characteristically high proportions of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and temporal variability of vaginal microbiota in northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | the complex and dynamic vaginal microbial ecosystem is critical to both health and disease of the host. studies focusing on how vaginal microbiota influences hiv-1 infection may face limitations in selecting proper animal models. given that northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina) are susceptible to hiv-1 infection, they may be an optimal animal model for elucidating the mechanisms by which vaginal microbiota contributes to resistance and susceptibility to hiv-1 infection. however, little i ... | 2015 | 26452693 |
| analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome and characterization of diverse numts of macaca leonina. | as a non-human primate, the pig-tailed macaque has received wide attention because it can be infected by hiv-1. in this study, we determined the complete mtdna sequence of the northern pig-tailed macaque (macaca leonina). unexpectedly, during the amplification of the mtdna control region (d-loop region) we observed several d-loop-like sequences, which were numts (nuclear mitochondrial sequences) and a total of 14 d-loop-like numt haplotypes were later identified in five individuals. the neighbor ... | 2015 | 26151895 |
| ranging and site fidelity in northern pigtailed macaques (macaca leonina) over different temporal scales. | space-use patterns are crucial to understanding the ecology, evolution, and conservation of primates, but detailed ranging data are scarce for many species, especially those in southeast asia. researchers studying site fidelity to either home ranges or core areas have focused mainly on territorial species, whereas less information is available for non-territorial species. we analyzed the ranging patterns and site fidelity of one wild troop of northern pigtailed macaques over 16 months at differe ... | 2015 | 25864438 |
| does target animacy influence manual laterality of monkeys? first answer from northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | the evolutionary origin of human right-handedness remains unclear. many factors such as emotion and tool use have been implicated in primate handedness evolution. with regard to emotional lateralization, most related research focuses on facial asymmetry and behavioral laterality under the non-social context, whereas few studies investigate social laterality. this study, for the first time, investigates the effect of target animacy on hand preference in old world monkeys, compares our findings wi ... | 2015 | 25805651 |
| flow cytometric characterizations of leukocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | pig-tailed macaques (macaca nemistrina group) have been extensively used as non-human primate animal models for various human diseases in recent years, notably for aids research due to their sensitivity to hiv-1. northern pig-tailed macaques (m. leonina) are distributed in china and other surrounding southeast asia countries. although northern pig-tailed macaques have been bred on a large scale as experimental animals since 2012, the reference value of normal levels of leukocytes is not availabl ... | 2014 | 25465082 |
| analysis of immunoglobulin, complements and crp levels in serum of captive northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | the northern pig-tailed macaque (npm，macaca leonina) has become a widely used animal model in biomedical research. in this study, we measured serum immunoglobulin igg, igm, iga, complement c3, c4 and crp levels in 3-11 year old captive northern pig-tailed macaques using hitachi 7600-20 automated chemistry analyzer in order to determine the influences of age and gender on these items. the results showed that serum iga, igm, c3 and c4 levels were not correlated with age (p>0.05), while serum igg l ... | 2014 | 24866490 |
| [measurement and analysis of hematology and blood chemistry parameters in northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina)]. | the pig-tailed macaque is an important non-human primate experimental animal model that has been widely used in the research of aids and other diseases. pig-tailed macaques include mentawai macaques (macaca pagensis), sunda pig-tailed macaques (m. nemestrina) and northern pig-tailed macaques (m. leonina). northern pig-tailed macaques inhabit china and surrounding southeast asia countries. to our knowledge, no reports have been published regarding the hematology and blood chemistry parameters of ... | 2013 | 23572357 |
| boundary zone between northern and southern pig-tailed macaques and their morphological differences. | based on previous conflicting reports that the two forms of pig-tailed macaque (northern and southern) exist as separate species, subspecies, or forms, and that their boundary zone lies in thailand, a survey of the distribution range and morphology of pig-tailed macaques in thailand was conducted during 2003-2010. we first conducted a questionnaire survey. questionnaires were sent to 7,410 subdistricts throughout thailand. we then traveled to 72 of the 123 subdistricts reporting the presence of ... | 2012 | 22820844 |
| extractive foraging of toxic caterpillars in wild northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | extractive foraging in nonhuman primates may involve different levels of technical complexity in terms of the number of actions that must be performed and the manual dexterity involved. we describe the extractive foraging of caterpillars in wild northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina) at khao yai national park, thailand. the study group, observed from may to december 2016 (n = 146 days), comprised 60-70 habituated individuals, including 3-4 adult males, 20-23 adult females, and 36-47 immat ... | 2017 | 29134410 |
| characterization of classical major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii genes in northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | the northern pig-tailed macaque (macaca leonina) has been identified as an independent species from the pig-tailed macaque group. the species is a promising animal model for hiv/aids pathogenesis and vaccine studies due to susceptibility to hiv-1. however, the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genetics in northern pig-tailed macaques remains poorly understood. we have previously studied the mhc class i genes in northern pig-tailed macaques and identified 39 novel alleles. here, we describe ... | 2017 | 29055777 |
| parasites may exit immunocompromised northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina) infected with sivmac239. | parasites can increase infection rates and pathogenicity in immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients. however,in vitrostudies and epidemiological investigations also suggest that parasites might escape immunocompromised hosts during hiv infection. due to the lack of direct evidence from animal experiments, the effects of parasitic infections on immunocompromised hosts remain unclear. here, we detected 14 different parasites in six northern pig-tailed macaques (npms) before o ... | 2018 | 29511144 |
| efficacy of camera traps in detecting primates in hue saola nature reserve. | camera trapping has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in surveying a suite of species, especially elusive mammals in rough terrains. the method has become increasingly common in primate surveys for both ground-dwelling and arboreal taxa in many tropical regions of the world. however, camera trapping has rarely been used to inventory primates in vietnam, although many species are under severe threats and in critical need of surveying for improved conservation measures. in this study, we e ... | 2020 | 32383126 |
| malaria parasites in macaques in thailand: stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides) are new natural hosts for plasmodium knowlesi, plasmodium inui, plasmodium coatneyi and plasmodium fieldi. | certain species of macaques are natural hosts of plasmodium knowlesi and plasmodium cynomolgi, which can both cause malaria in humans, and plasmodium inui, which can be experimentally transmitted to humans. a significant number of zoonotic malaria cases have been reported in humans throughout southeast asia, including thailand. there have been only two studies undertaken in thailand to identify malaria parasites in non-human primates in 6 provinces. the objective of this study was to determine t ... | 2020 | 33004070 |
| human plasmodium knowlesi infections in south-east asian countries. | plasmodium knowlesi is now regarded as the fifth malaria parasite causing human malaria as it is widely distributed in south-east asian countries especially east malaysia where two malaysian states namely sabah and sarawak are situated. in 2004, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was applied for diagnosing knowlesi malaria in the kapit division of sarawak, malaysia, so that human p. knowlesi infections could be detected correctly while blood film microscopy diagnosed incorrectly as plasmodium malar ... | 2019 | 31320238 |
| superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation are associated with lower immune activation in sivmac239-infected northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in hiv/siv infection. in the present study, we found a lower cd8+ t cell activation level in macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaques, npms) than in macaca mulatta (chinese rhesus macaques, chrms) during sivmac239 infection. furthermore, the levels of plasma lps-binding protein and soluble cd14 in npms were lower than those in chrms. compared with chrms, siv-infected npms had lower chiu scores, representing relatively normal in ... | 2019 | 31033262 |
| an alu element insertion in intron 1 results in aberrant alternative splicing of apobec3g pre-mrna in northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina) that may reduce apobec3g-mediated hypermutation pressure on hiv-1. | apobec3 family members, particularly apobec3f and apobec3g, inhibit the replication and spread of various retroviruses by inducing hypermutation in newly synthesized viral dna. viral hypermutation by apobec3 is associated with viral evolution, viral transmission, and disease progression. in recent years, increasing attention has been paid to targeting apobec3g for aids therapy. thus, a controllable model system using species such as macaques, which provide a relatively ideal in vivo system, is n ... | 2020 | 31776266 |
| host restriction factors apobec3g/3f and other interferon-related gene expressions affect early hiv-1 infection in northern pig-tailed macaque (macaca leonina). | the northern pig-tailed macaques (npms) lack trim5α, an antiviral restriction factor, and instead have trim5-cypa. in our previous study, we demonstrated that hiv-1nl4-3 successfully infected npms and formed a long-term viral reservoir in vivo. however, the hiv-1-infected npms showed relatively high viremia in the first 6 weeks of infection, which declined thereafter suggesting that hiv-1 nl4-3 infection in these animals was only partly permissive. to optimize hiv-1 infection in npms therefore, ... | 2018 | 30210504 |
| northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina) maintain superior cd4+ t-cell homeostasis during sivmac239 infection. | gradual depletion of cd4+ t cells is a typical characteristic of pathogenic siv infection. intriguingly, we find a spontaneous cd4+ t-cell homeostasis in northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina) during sivmac239 infection. | 2018 | 29193040 |
| identification of the major histocompatibility complex class-ii dm and do alleles in a cohort of northern pig-tailed macaques (macaca leonina). | the northern pig-tailed macaque (macaca leonina) has been considered as an independent species from the pig-tailed macaque group. we have previously reported that this species macaque has the potential to be a useful animal model in hiv/aids pathogenesis and vaccine studies due to its susceptibility to hiv-1. to develop this animal into a potential hiv/aids model, we have studied the classical mhc genes of this animal. in this study, the non-classical mhc genes malo-dm and malo-do alleles were f ... | 2018 | 29030661 |
| hand preference during bimanual coordinated task in northern pig-tailed macaques macaca leonina. | in humans, handedness is one defining characteristic regardless of cultures and ethnicity. population-level right handedness is considered to be related with the evolution of left hemisphere for manual control and language. in order to further understand evolutionary origins of human cerebral lateralization and its behavioral adaptation, standardized measures on hand preference are required to make reliable comparison in nonhuman primate species. in this study, we present the first evidence on h ... | 2016 | 29491927 |
| northern pigtailed macaques rely on old growth plantations to offset low fruit availability in a degraded forest fragment. | space-use and foraging strategies are important facets to consider in regard to the ecology and conservation of primates. for this study, we documented movement, ranging, and foraging patterns of northern pigtailed macaques (macaca leonina) for 14 months in a degraded habitat with old growth acacia and eucalyptus plantations at the sakaerat biosphere reserve in northeastern thailand. we used hidden markov models and characteristic hull polygons to analyze these patterns in regard to fruit availa ... | 2020 | 32108959 |
| macaca leonina has a wider niche breadth than sympatric m. mulatta in a fragmented tropical forest in southwest china. | niche differentiation has long been identified as an essential stabilizing mechanism for the coexistence of sympatric species. using camera trapping data obtained during 2012-2016, we identified macaca leonina and m. mulatta as the dominant macaque species in the naban river watershed national nature reserve (nrw-nnr), a tropical forest in southwestern china. in general, m. leonina exhibited a wider distribution and greater niche breadth than co-occurring m. mulatta. according to a fitted maximu ... | 2020 | 31990077 |
| foraging strategies underlying bird egg predation by macaques: a study using artificial nests. | bird egg predation is widespread in non-human primates. although nest predation is often described as opportunistic, little is known about foraging strategies and nest detection in primates. since it is the prevalent cause of nest failure in the tropics, birds select nest sites within specific microhabitats and use different nest types to increase nesting success. identifying the nests targeted by the northern pigtailed macaques (macaca leonina), an omnivorous cercopithecine species, and known n ... | 2018 | 30307634 |
| northern pig-tailed macaques ( macaca leonina) infected with sars-cov-2 show rapid viral clearance and persistent immune response. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov-2), has become an unprecedented global health emergency. at present, sars-cov-2-infected nonhuman primates are considered the gold standard animal model for covid-19 research. here, we showed that northern pig-tailed macaques ( macaca leonina, npms) supported sars-cov-2 replication. furthermore, compared with rhesus macaques, npms showed rapid viral clearance in lung tissues, nose swab ... | 2021 | 33998182 |