| genomic diversity and differentiation among phytoplasma strains in 16s rrna groups i (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) and iii (x-disease and related phytoplasmas). | conserved gene sequences, including 16s rrna and ribosomal protein gene sequences, were used to evaluate genetic variations in phytoplasma strains belonging to 16s rrna groups i (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) and iii (x-disease and related phytoplasmas). we used pcr to amplify the sequences of the 16s ribosomal dna and a segment of the ribosomal protein gene operon (encoding the 3' region of rps19, all of rp122, and rps3) from diverse phytoplasma group i and iii strains. additional chr ... | 1996 | 8573523 |
| ipomoea obscura (l.) enhances the functions of immunological effector cells, inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production by lps induced macrophages. | most of the synthetic chemotherapeutic agents available today are immunosuppressant, cytotoxic and exerts variety of side effects. botanical based immunomodulators are often employed as supportive or adjuvant therapy to overcome the undesired effects of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents and to restore normal health. the methanolic extract of traditionally important medicinal plant ipomoea obscura exhibited immunomodulatory activity in balb/c mice. intraperitoneal administration of five doses of ... | 2009 | 18798043 |
| evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effect of ipomoea obscura (l) and its mode of action through the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide and cox-2. | ipomoea obscura (l) is a widely used medicinal plant. in this study, we investigated its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effect using in vitro and in vivo models. methanolic extract of i. obsucra (10 mg/kg b.wt) was given interaperitoneally before inducing inflammation (both acute and chronic) and tumor to mice. i. obscura produced significant inhibition of 55.6%, 42%, and 65% in the paw edema of animals induced by carrageenan, dextran, and formalin respectively. the extract was also a potent i ... | 2011 | 20473561 |
| protective role of ipomoea obscura (l.) on cyclophosphamide-induced uro- and nephrotoxicities by modulating antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. | cyclophosphamide (cp) is widely used, alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. its urotoxicity may cause dose-limiting side-effects, for example haemorrhagic cystitis. this urotoxicity may lead to nephrotoxicity. in the present study, we investigated the protective role of ipomoea obscura against cp-induced uro- and nephrotoxicities in animal models. swiss albino mice were treated with an acute dose of cp (1.5 mmol/kg body wt ip) in th ... | 2010 | 20878549 |
| anti-angiogenic activity of ipomoea obscura extract and ipobscurine-a. | objective: ipomoea obscura (l.) ker-gawl, is a medicinal herb with indole alkaloids as an active constituent. in this study, we investigated the anti-angiogenic activity of i. obscura extract and one of its major compounds ipobscurine-a (ipo-a). methods: in vivo angiogenesis was induced by injecting b16f10 melanoma cells intradermally on the shaven ventral skin of c57bl/6 mice. in vitro experiments were conducted using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. results: i. obscura and ipo-a signifi ... | 2010 | 21058930 |
| ipomoea obscura ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity by modulating the immune system and levels of proinflammatory cytokine and gsh. | ipomoea obscura l. is a widely used medicinal plant. the objective of this study was to investigate its protective activity against cyclophosphamide (ctx)-induced toxicity in mouse models. swiss albino mice were treated intraperitoneally with ctx (25 mg/kg body weight) along with i. obscura extract (10 mg/kg body weight) for 10 days. extract significantly reduced myelosuppression caused by ctx and improved the relative organ weight, total white blood cell count, and bone marrow cellularity. the ... | 2010 | 21076492 |
| augmentation of cellular immune response by ipomoea obscura and ipobscurine alkaloid attenuates tumor growth in mice. | the immune status of the host plays a crucial role in controling the process of carcinogenesis. general or selective activation of various immunocompetent cells and their secretory function to maintain a healthy immune status may help in cancer prophylaxis, as well as therapy. the present study focused on the effect of ipomoea obscura and ipobscurine on cell-mediated immune response. in this study we evaluated the effect of i. obscura and an indole alkaloid fraction from i. obscura on effector m ... | 2011 | 21539469 |
| inhibition of invasion and experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells by ipomoea obscura (l.) is mediated through the down-regulation of inflammatory mediators and matrix-metalloproteinases. | in this study, we tested the anti-metastatic activity of ipomoea obscura extract and elucidated its underlying mechanisms by in vitro system using b16f-10 melanoma cells and in vivo experimental lung metastasis model. i. obscura suppressed proliferation, invasion and migration of highly metastatic b16f-10 melanoma cells in vitro. i. obscura could also decrease transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab) and activator protein (ap-1) in b16f-10 melanoma cells. administration of ... | 2011 | 21699021 |
| ipobscurine, an indole alkaloid from ipomoea obscura, inhibits tumor cell invasion and experimental metastasis by inducing apoptosis. | in the present study, we demonstrate that ipobscurine, an indole alkaloid fraction isolated from ipomoea obscura, can reduce the formation of b16f-10 melanoma-induced metastatic nodules and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of b16f-10 melanoma cells in vitro, possibly by inhibiting pro-metastatic genes such as matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) and inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. ipobs ... | 2011 | 21967460 |