| hemolytic action and surface activity of triterpene saponins from anchusa officinalis l. part 21: on the costituents of boraginaceae. | relationship between chemical structure, hemolytic action and surface activity of five glucosides of oleanolic acid were studied. monodesmosidic saponins are more hemolytic than bisdesmosidic. the hemolytic activity of monodesmosides decreased with the length and the branching of the glucosidic chain. surface activity is major in bisdesmosides. this property increases with the length of the glucosidic chain in monodesmosides. increase of hemolytic action is accompanied by a decrease of surface a ... | 1980 | 7433502 |
| an unusual heteromorphic incompatibility system : 3. on the genetic control of distyly and self-incompatibility in anchusa officinalis l. (boraginaceae). | by means of intra- and intermorph crosses it has been shown that the distyly in anchusa officinalis l. is governed by a single diallelic locus with dominance. presence of the dominant allele is reflected in the short-styled morph, while homozygous recessives become long-styled. most of the short-styled plants are heterozygous, but homozygotes have been found among the raised progeny resulting from crossings. diallel crosses have revealed that at least two incompatibility loci must exist. these a ... | 1984 | 24258957 |
| rosmarinic acid production and growth characteristics of anchusa officinalis cell suspension cultures. | | 1984 | 6505088 |
| effects of macronutrients on growth and rosmarinic acid formation in cell suspension cultures of anchusa officinalis. | the influence of various macronutrients on growth and ra formation in cell suspension cultures of anchusa officinalis has been investigated. factors tested included sucrose concentration, alternate carbon sources, nitrate, phosphate and calcium concentration. the optimum concentration of sucrose was 3%. fructose, glucose or their 1:1 mixture were also suitable carbon sources. the optimum concentrations of nitrate (15 mm), phosphate (3 mm) and calcium (0.25 mm) were, respectively, 3/5, 3x, and 1/ ... | 1985 | 24253681 |
| effects of auxins and cytokinins on growth and rosmarinic acid formation in cell suspension cultures of anchusa officinalis. | cell suspension cultures of anchusa officinalis required exogenous phytohormones for their normal growth. cell lysis was observed at the third passage in a hormone-free medium. using hormone - depleted cells, the effects of auxins (2,4-d, naa, iaa and cfp) and cytokinins (ba, kinetin, and zeatin) on cell growth and ra production were investigated. all auxins tested could maintain growth and integrity of the cells whereas cytokinins alone could not, suggesting that this culture is auxindependent. ... | 1985 | 24253682 |
| purification and characterization of tyrosine aminotransferase activities from anchusa officinalis cell cultures. | three activities of tyrosine aminotransferase (tat; ec 2.6.1.5), the enzyme which catalyzes the first step of the tyrosine pathway leading to the formation of rosmarinic acid (alpha-o-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid), have been extensively purified from cell suspension cultures of anchusa officinalis l. and subsequently characterized. tat-1, tat-2, and tat-3 differ slightly in native molecular weights (180,000-220,000) and are composed of subunits (4 x 43,000 for tat-1 and 4 x 56,000 for ... | 1987 | 2889425 |
| size-dependent pollination efficiency in anchusa officinalis (boraginaceae): causes and consequences. | bumblebees foraging on the self-incompatible anchusa officinalis fly between near neighbour plants and between near neighbour inflorescences within plants. although many-flowered plants attracted most bumblebees these plants received fewer visits on a per flower basis than smaller plants, and each bumblebee visited a smaller proportion of the flowers. the calculated effective visitation rate per flower was highest on plants of an intermediate size. if pollen-carryover was assumed to be limited t ... | 1988 | 28312389 |
| purification and characterization of prephenate aminotransferase from anchusa officinalis cell cultures. | prephenate aminotransferase (pat) from rosmarinic acid-producing cell cultures of anchusa officinalis has been purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity using a combination of high-performance anion-exchange, chromatofocusing, and gel filtration chromatography. the purified enzyme has a native molecular weight of 220,000 and subunit molecular weights of 44,000 and 57,000, indicating a possible alpha 2 beta 2 subunit structure. the purified pat displays high affinity for prephenate (km = 8 ... | 1988 | 3196038 |
| behavior of free aromatic amino acid pools in rosmarinic acid-producing cell cultures of anchusa officinalis l. | the pool sizes of free l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine, the precursors of rosmarinic acid in anchusa officinalis l. cell suspension cultures, fluctuated during the culture cycle. the major increase in pool sizes was preceded by a peak of prephenate aminotransferase activity, while the subsequent decrease coincided with the presence of high activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine aminotransferase, the two entrypoint enzymes of the rosmarinic acid biosynthesis pathway. timecourse fee ... | 1989 | 16666560 |
| rosmarinic acid formation and differential expression of tyrosine aminotransferase isoforms in anchusa officinalis cell suspension cultures. | time-course changes in rosmarinic acid (ra) formation and activities of tyrosine aminotransferase (tat) isoforms were examined in anchusa officinalis suspension cultures. three tat isoforms (tat-1, tat-3, tat-4) were resolved by mono-q anion-exchange column chromatography. the proportion of the tat-3 activity within the total tat activity remained high regardless of the growth stage of the cultured cells. tat-1 activity was positively correlated with the rate of ra biosynthesis during linear gro ... | 1991 | 24221665 |
| perfusion strategy for rosmarinic acid production by anchusa officinalis. | the production of an intracellular secondary metabolite rosmarinic acid (ra) by plant cell suspensions of anchusa officinalis cultivated with intermittent medium exchange is investigated. initially, a two-stage perfusion culture method was employed. after being cultured in the batch mode for ca. 6 days in b5 medium plus 3% sucrose, 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), and 0.1 mg/l kinetin (2,4-d b5 medium), anchusa culture was cultivated to high cell density by perfusion during the gro ... | 1993 | 18613136 |
| continuous plant cell perfusion culture: bioreactor characterization and secreted enzyme production. | culture perfusion is widely practiced in mammalian cell processes to enhance secreted antibody production. here, we report the development of an efficient continuous perfusion process for the cultivation of plant cell suspensions. the key to this process is a perfusion bioreactor that incorporates an annular settling zone into a stirred-tank bioreactor to achieve continuous cell/medium separation via gravitational sedimentation. from washout experiments, we found that under typical operating con ... | 2003 | 16233360 |
| structural screening by multiple reaction monitoring as a new approach for tandem mass spectrometry: presented for the determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plants. | in tandem mass spectrometry the multiple reaction monitoring (mrm) mode is normally used for targeted analysis but this mode also has the potential to screen for structural similarities of analytes. on the basis of the fact that in general similar molecular structures result in similar fragments or losses of neutrals, this approach was used for pyrrolizidine alkaloid (pa) screening but could also be easily adapted to screen for other compound classes. pa are plant toxins of which several hundred ... | 2013 | 24114465 |