Publications

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[studies on the physiological behavior of pinus merkusii jungh. and pinus massoniana lamb].the formation and the function of the resin channels result from processes in the history of development; differences between various pine varieties must be traced to differentiation processes in the history of development. longer flowing duration, higher reformation speed and reduced crystallization are properties which make pinus merkusii especially suited for systematic resin production. pinus merkusii does not react to treatment with weak acids or biologically effective stimulants, like yeas ...1976985304
[experimental study of 472 herbs with antiviral action against the herpes simplex virus].using tissue culture method, the present work with its first-hand observation was primarily concerned with evaluating the antiviral effect of 472 traditional medicinal herbs (comprising raw material 10 mg/ml), through both initial (qualitative) and repeated (quantitative) screens, on type 1 herpes simplex virus. when dealing with water and alcoholic extracts, the effective herbs during initial screens were reduced after repeated screens by a range of 28.8-80.0%. employing the basic value attaine ...19902161714
inhibition of platelet aggregation by diterpene acids from pinus massoniana resin.the acidic fraction of the resin of pinus massoniana lamb. from china was converted to the p-nitrophenyl esters, and the esters separated by chromatography. the separated p-nitrophenyl esters were individually hydrolysed by potassium hydroxide in acetone-water at room temperature to 8 diterpene acids of the pimarane and abietane groups: pimaric acid (8(14),15-pimaradien-18-oic acid) (1), levopimaric acid (8(14),12-abietadien-18-oic acid) (2), palustric acid (8,13-abietadien-18-oic acid) (3), neo ...19948135873
a study on the nutritive value of pollen from the chinese masson pine (pinus massoniana) and its effect on fecal characteristics in rats.a digestion experiment with growing rats was conducted to study the effect of native and broken pollen of chinese masson pine (pinus massoniana) on fecal composition and digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and crude ash. for that issue each 10 of 30 animals were fed a semisynthetic diet containing either no pollen or and addition of 6% native or broken pollen for 17 days at restricted amounts. in a second experiment each 6 of 12 growing rats received a semisynthetic diet containing eith ...19969000331
biochemical responses of the mycorrhizae in pinus massoniana to combined effects of al, ca and low ph.biochemical responses of pinus massoniana, with and without the inoculation mycorrhizal fungus pisolithus tinctorius at the root, to artificial acid rain (ph 2.0) and various ca/al ratios were investigated. some enzymes associated with the nutritive metabolism, such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nitrate reductase, mannitol dehydrogenase and trehalase, in the roots, stems and leaves of plant were obviously inhibited by the artificial acid rain and al. after treatment with ph 2.0 + ca ...200010665422
[interspecific association of dominant species in betula luminifera natural forest communities of shaowu, fujian province].chi 2 test with 2 x 2 contingency table and jaccard indices shows that the interspecific association of 16 dominant species in betula luminifera communities of shaowu, fujian province was of little significant level with few exceptions. the relationships between b. luminifera and phyllostachys pubescens, and b. luminifera and alniphyllum fortunei were significantly positive, showing that there was a high association degree between b. luminifera and schima superba, b. luminifera, and castanea hen ...200111757354
[dynamics of community structure in successional process of needle and broad-leaved mixed forest in heishiding of guangdong].this paper dealt with the dynamics of community structure in a ten-year succession of needle and broad-leaved mixed forest in heishiding of guangdong province. the vertical community structure tended to be complex, while the horizontal one increased by a wide range. there was no big change in species composition, but the dominance of conifers pinus massoniana and cunninghamia lanceolata was substituted by the broad-leaved species, such as schima superba, symplocos adenophylla and schefflera octo ...200011766562
[optimized models of logging-tending system in cutting areas].the comprehensive advantages of different logging-tending systems in pinus massoniana forest cutting area were evaluated by set-pair analysis, based on the comparison of their economic and ecological benefits. the results showed that the optimized model for p. massoniana forests in northern fujian comprised 40% selective cutting, manual skidding, clear-cutting in ribbon, and natural regeneration with artificial aids, which could also be used in the nearby forests with conditions similar to the e ...200011767550
[genetic variation of geographical provenance of pinus massoniana--review and analysis].pinus massoniana is a significant tree species constituting the subtropical forests in china. based on morphological, physio-ecological, chromosome, and molecular levels, the genetic variation of geographical provenance of p. massoniana and its distribution were reviewed, and the methodologies on genetic diversity and the genetic variation patterns of geographical provenance of p. massoniana were synthetically analyzed. the key problems on molecular ecology of p. massoniana were discussed.200011767618
[structure and spatial pattern dynamics of dominant populations in a natural forest in north guangdong province].five 1000-m2 plots were set up in a forest dominated by schima superba, castanopsis fargesii and pinus massoniana in luoba nature reserve, shixing county, north guangdong province. field data were obtained by tally with contiguous grid quadrat method. the analysis of population structure and spatial distribution patterns of the dominant species in the forest shows that s. superba and c. fargesii had a large reserve of seedlings, with up to 1538 and 9763 seedlings per hm2, respectively, showing a ...200011767627
[isolation and structure identification of ligan glycosides from pine needles of pinus massoniana lamb].to study the chemical constituents of the pine needles of pinus massoniana lamb..200212567777
chromosomal localization of 5s and 18s-5.8s-25s ribosomal dna sites in five asian pines using fluorescence in situ hybridization.fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was employed on mitotic metaphase chromosome preparations of five asian pinus species: pinus tabuliformis, pinus yunnanensis, pinus densata, pinus massoniana and pinus merkusii, using simultaneously dna probes of the 18s rrna gene and the 5s rrna gene including the non-transcribed spacer sequences. the number and location of 18s rdna sites varied markedly (5-10 pairs of strong signals) among the five pines. a maximum of 20 major 18s rdna sites was observ ...200312582844
[niche characteristics of dominant populations in natural forest in north guangdong].two communities of the natural evergreen forest in luoba nature reserve, north guangdong, each represented by a 2500 m2 plot, were surveyed with tree-layer-frequency method. based on these data, the niche characteristics of 12 dominant populations, i.e., castanopsis fargesii, pinus massoniana, schima superba, liquidambar formosana, diospyros morrisiana, myrica rubra, castanopsis lamontii, adinandra milletii, castanopsis eyrei, elaeocarpus silvestris, daphniphyllum calycinum, neolitsea chuii, wer ...200312722433
[litterfalls of major forest stands at baiyunshan scenic spot of guangzhou].the productions, seasonal dynamics, macronutrient contents and decomposition rates of the litterfalls of four typical stands, e.g., pinus massoniana plantation, secondary evergreen broadleaved forest, acacia mangium plantation and schima superba-acacia mangium plantation at the scenic baiyunshan of guangzhou were studied. the litterfall productions of four stands in 1998 were 8.34, 6.77, 6.31 and 11.54 t.hm-2, respectively. the seasonal dynamics of litterfall amounts demonstrated the single-peak ...200312722462
nitrogen deposition and leaching from two forested catchments in southwest china--preliminary data and research needs.increased nitrogen deposition has resulted in increased nitrogen pools and nitrogen leaching in european and north american forest soils. the development in asia in general, and china in particular, suggests increased deposition of reduced nitrogen from changes in agricultural practices and of oxidized nitrogen from rapid growth of the transportation sector. decreased nitrogen retention in forested areas in the future may cause increased no3- leaching and, thus, acidification and eutrophication ...200112805807
[egretta garzetta as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in tai lake region].there were four species of ardeidae in tai lake. the dominant vegetations in the habitat were pinus massoniana, cinnamomum hupehanum, quercus acutissema, ulmus prmila and myrica rubra, which were suitable for egretta garzetta to make nests. the area of the habitat was about 7 hm2, where there were totally 4200 egretta garzetta nests with the density of 0.38 nest per tree in average. studies on egretta garzetta breeding ecology showed that the incubating time was 19-21 days, the average egg weigh ...200312827884
[studies on the lignan chemical constituents from pine needles of pinus massoniana lamb].to study the chemical constituents of the pine needles from pinus massoniana lamb..200312830716
[application of succession study in tending and restoration of evergreen broadleaved forest].the characteristics of synecology, population ecology and physio-ecology of main tree species quercus fabri, pinus massoniana, castanopsis sclerophylla, lithocarpus glaber, schima superba and c. fargesii of evergreen broadleaved forest in tiantong national forest park, zhejiang province were studied by comparative method. the successional process was clarified through the comparative studies of the synecological characteristics of these main tree species, the individual plant structure and renew ...200312836554
[relationship between climatic factors and radial growth of pinus massoniana in dinghushan mountain].dendroclimatology method was used to study the relationship between ring index of pinus massoniana and three climate factors in dinghushan, south china. the ring indices were negatively correlated with the average temperature in june, august and september, and positively correlated with the average temperature of march, whereas no statistically significant correlation was found with monthly precipitation, showing that high summer temperature could limit the radial growth of the species. meanwhil ...200312920920
[ecological distribution of macrofungi in qingliang mountain natural reserve, anhui province].the north side of qingliang mountain natural reserveis is very rich of macrofungi resources. there are 160 species, belonging to 72 genera, 38 families, 10 orders and 2 classes, and distributing in the evergreen broadleaf forest, pinus massoniana forest, evergreen-decidous mixed broadleaf forest, and pinus taiwanensis forest. according to their economic value, these macrofungi may be grouped into two types: edible (72 species) and medicinal (55 species); and according their ecological habitat, t ...200314986378
[water storage characteristics of ground covers under three forests in three gorges area].through water holding experiments and the survey of ground covers under three forests (mixed forest of quercus variabilis and pinus massoniana, pure quercus variabilis forest and pure pinus massoniana forest) in three gorges area, the hydrological characteristic parameters, e.g., maximum water holding capacity and water absorption speed, were measured. the results showed that the maximum water holding capacity of moss under pure quercus variabilis forest is the highest (303.1% of its dry weight) ...200314997625
[dynamics of biomass and net primary productivity in succession of south subtropical forests in southwest guangdong].coniferous forest (pinus massoniana community), pine-borad leaved mixed forest (pinus massoniana + castanopsis kawakamii + schima superba + liquidambar formosana) and evergreen broad-leaved forest (ixonanthes chinensis + artocarpus styacifolius + ormosia glaberrima + cryptocarya concinna) are the three main communities representing 3 major stages in a secondary succession series in heishiding nature reserve, guangdong province. their biomass and net primary productivity (npp) were studied by usi ...200315031902
[height structures of dominant species of different subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest communities in wanmulin natural reserve].based on the data of four subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest communities in wanmulin natural reserve, whose dominant species were tsoongiodendron odorum chun, cinnamomum micranthum hayata, castanopsis fabri hance and pinus massoniana, respectively, the height class and diameter class structures and the dynamics of height structure were analyzed. the results showed that the relationships between tree species, tree density, basal area at d. b. h, and height class (or diameter class) could be ...200315031950
[isolation and structure identification of lignans from pine needles of pinus massoniana lamb].to study the chemical constituents from the water-extracts of pine needles of pinus massoniana lamb.200315040087
[isolation and structure identification of the chemical constituents from pine needles of pinus massoniana lamb].to study the chemical constituents of the water-extracts of the pine needles of pinus massoniana lamb..200415171653
potential biomedical properties of pinus massoniana bark extract.this study examined the potential biomedical properties of a bark extract from pinus massoniana lamb (pmbe). its antioxidant activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging and free radical scavenging activities were examined. the antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid emulsion increased with increasing amounts of pmbe, with 100, 300 and 500 microg pmbe inhibiting 64.7%, 68.6% and 76.6% of peroxidation, respectively. similarly, the radical scavenging activity by pmbe increased in a dose-dependent ...200515798999
[relationship between plant community succession and fertility variation of mountain yellow soil in east chongqing].based on the analyses of soil physical and chemical properties, this paper studied the relationship between plant community succession and fertility variation of mountain yellow soil in east chongqing. the results showed that the values of integrated soil fertility index of pinus massoniana, cunninghamia lanceolata, deciduous oak, camellia sinensis and evergreen broad-leaved forest soils were 0.1256, 0.2085, 0.3514, 0.2479 and 0.9329, respectively, implying that soil development had a close rela ...200515852912
[resource and ecological distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi under pine forests of huangshan mountain district].pinus massoniana and pinus taiwanensis are the most common and important tree species in the huangshan mountain district, and ectomycorrhizae plays an important role in their forestation. our investigations in 1998-2003 showed that under the pine forests of this district, there were 43 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi belonging to 10 families and 17 genera, of which, 43 were under pinus massoniana forest, and 12 under pinus taiwanensis forest. only a few species were found under young pinus mass ...200515943356
effects of pinus massoniana bark extract on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma bel-7402 cells.to study the effects of pinus massoniana bark extract (pmbe) on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma bel-7402 cells and to elucidate its molecular mechanism.200516149132
potential allelochemicals from an invasive weed mikania micrantha h.b.k.phytotoxicity-directed extraction and fractionation of the aerial parts of mikania micrantha h.b.k. led to the isolation and identification of three sesquiterpenoids: dihydromikanolide, deoxymikanolide, and 2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxy-4,9-germacradiene-12,8:15,6-diolide. these sesquiterpenoids inhibited both germination and seedling growth of tested species with deoxymikanolide possessing the strongest phytotoxicity. in a bioassay against lettuce (lectuca sativa l.), deoxymikanolide reduced radicle elon ...200516222800
[biodiversity of main coniferous forests at low elevation of three gorges reservoir area].the study showed that at low elevation of three gorges reservoir area, pinus massoniana, cupressus funebris and cunninghamia lanceolata were the main coniferous forests, which were respectively divided into 14, 9 and 5 community types based on field investigation. the whole trend of their species richness index, species diversity index and species evenness index was that shrub layer and herb layer were larger than tree layer. the diversity indices had no obvious trend along the low elevation gra ...200516355803
[analysis of pine pollen by using ftir, sem and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis].infrared spectroscopy (ir), scanning electron microscope (sem) and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (edx) were used to analyze nutrients in four pine pollen powder samples. the ir fingerprints showed that each of the samples, pinus massoniana, pinus yunnanensis, pinus tabulaeformis, and pinus densiflora, respectively had its own characteristic infrared spectrum. based on the difference of the relative intensity of those characteristic absorption peaks, the ir fingerprints can be used for the ide ...200516499047
distribution of elements in needles of pinus massoniana (lamb.) was uneven and affected by needle age.macronutrients (p, s, k, na, mg, ca), heavy metals (fe, zn, mn, cu, pb, cr, ni, cd) and al concentrations as well as values of ca/al in the tip, middle, base sections and sheaths of current year and previous year needles of pinus massoniana from xiqiao mountain were analyzed and the distribution patterns of those elements were compared. the results indicated that many elements were unevenly distributed among the different components of needles. possible deficiency of p, k, ca, mn and al toxicity ...200716714076
distribution of elements in needles of pinus massoniana (lamb.) was uneven and affected by needle age.macronutrients (p, s, k, na, mg, ca), heavy metals (fe, zn, mn, cu, pb, cr, ni, cd,) and al concentrations as well as values of ca/al in the tip, middle and base sections, and sheaths of current year and previous year needles of pinus massoniana from xiqiao mountain were analyzed and the distribution patterns of those elements were compared. the results indicated that many elements were unevenly distributed among the different components of needles. possible deficiency of p, k, ca, mn and al tox ...200716890331
[efficient plant regeneration in vitro in pinus massoniana l].pinus massoniana l. is one of the important trees for afforestation in south china. the efficient system of plant regeneration from mature zygotic embryos and seedlings of masson pine was established in this study. the influences of basal media, hormones and methods for buds induction, shoots elongation and rooting were studied. the results indicate that dcr medium with 0.5 mg/l ba and 0.05 mg/l iba shows the highest differentiation rate of adventitious buds. induction and multiplication of axil ...200616944603
[experimental study of estrogenic activities of five kinds of chinese herbal medicines].to evaluate the estrogenic activity of several kinds of chinese herbal medicines.200617048570
dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen and their responses to nitrogen additions in three subtropical forests, south china.three forests with different historical land-use, forest age, and species assemblages in subtropical china were selected to evaluate current soil n status and investigate the responses of soil inorganic n dynamics to monthly ammonium nitrate additions. results showed that the mature monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest that has been protected for more than 400 years exhibited an advanced soil n status than the pine (pinus massoniana) and pine-broadleaf mixed forests, both originated from the 193 ...200617078556
[effect of limestone and magnesite application on remediation of acidified forest soil in chongqing, china].effect of limestone and magnesite application on remediation of a typical acidified soil under a masson pine (pinus massoniana) forest at tieshanping, chongqing in southwest china was studied through field experiments. the changes of soil water chemistry in different layers within one year after application of limestone or magnesite indicated that the remediation agents leaded to the recovery of acidified soil by significant increase of ph value and concentration of relative cation, i.e., ca2+ o ...200617117649
acidity and conductivity of pinus massoniana bark as indicators to atmospheric acid deposition in guangdong, china.barks of pinus massonianm collected from two polluted sites, qujiang and xiqiaoshan, and from the relatively clean site dinghushan were used to evaluate the pollution indication by the determination of their acidity and conductivity. the acidity of the inner and outer barks from the polluted sites was significantly higher than those from the clean site, suggesting that the acidity of the bark occurred in concurrent with the air pollution. the significant lower ph values of the outer bark than th ...200617278747
[comparison of chemical components of essential oils in needles of pinus massoniana lamb and pinus elliottottii engelm from guangxi].essential oils were extracted by steam distillation from the needles of pinus massoniana lamb and pinus elliottottii engelm grown in guangxi. various factors such as pine needle dosage and extraction time which may influence the oil yield were investigated. the optimum conditions were found to be as follows: pine needle dosage 700 g, extraction time 5 h. the essential oil yields from the needles of pinus massoniana lamb and pinus elliottottii engelm were 0.45% and 0.19%, respectively. moreover, ...200617288147
chemotaxis of the pinewood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to volatiles associated with host pine, pinus massoniana, and its vector monochamus alternatus.the pinewood nematode (pwn), bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the most important invasive species in pine forests of asia, is transported to new pine hosts by beetles of the genus monochamus. third-stage dispersal juveniles (j(iii)) aggregate in pupal chambers around the vector as it matures. we demonstrated that the ratio of three terpenes (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and longifolene at 1:2.7:1.1) released by larval monochamus alternatus strongly attract j(iii), whereas the different ratio (1:0.1:0.0 ...200717447123
[forest biomass and its dynamics in pearl river delta].based on the observation data obtained from 69 sampling sites of different age class forests, and by using biomass expansion factor function, the regression equations of stand biomass and volume of the main forest types in pearl river delta were built, and the regional forest biomass and its dynamics were estimated on the basis of forest inventory data. the results showed that most of the forests in pearl river delta were of young-medium age, which occupied 80% or more of the total forest area, ...200717615860
[contribution of simulated nitrogen deposition to forest soil acidification in area with high sulfur deposition].the impacts of nitrogen deposition on a typical acidified soil under a masson pine (pinus massoniana) forest at tieshanping, chongqing in southwest china was studied through field experiments. the changes of soil water chemistry in different layers within one year after the spray of nh4no3 and nano3 solution respectively [with the same nitrogen dose of 40 kg x (hm2 x a)(-1)] indicated that although the ph value decreased a little (treated by nh4no3) or even increased somewhat (treated by nano3), ...200717633648
heavy metals in bark of pinus massoniana (lamb.) as an indicator of atmospheric deposition near a smeltery at qujiang, china.rapid urbanization and the expansion of industrial activities in the past several decades have led to large increases in emissions of pollutants in the pearl river delta of south china. recent reports have suggested that industrial emission is a major factor contributing to the damages in current natural ecosystem in the delta area. tree barks have been used successfully to monitor the levels of atmospheric metal deposition in many areas, but rarely in china. this study aimed at determining whet ...200717668825
[soil organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization along a forest successional gradient in southern china].with incubation test, this paper studied the characteristics of organic c and n mineralization in 0-10 cm soil layer under three forest types, i. e., pine (pinus massoniana) forest (pmf), pine and broad-leaved mixed forest (pbmf) and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (mebf), which were in a successional series in dinghushan mountain of southern china. the results showed that after incubation for 52 weeks, the cumulative emission of co2-c from pmf, pbmf and mebf soil was 30.66 +/- 3.36, 58.17 ...200717974230
effects of insoluble dietary fibre differing in lignin on performance, gut microbiology, and digestibility in weanling piglets.the study aimed to investigate the effects of insoluble dietary fibre differing in lignin content on performance and parameters of gut microbiology in 48 weanling piglets (8.5 kg mean body weight) fed common diets ad libitum. fibre sources tested were wheat bran (low lignin) and pollen from chinese masson pine (pinus massoniana) as model of fibre rich in lignin, added to diets as follows: no addition (control), 3.0% wheat bran, 1.27% pine pollen and 2.55% pine pollen. in colonic chyme, bacterial ...200818459538
[population structure of endangered monimopetalum chinense and its relationships with environmental factors].based on the field investigation data obtained from the typical plots of four community types, i. e. , secondary shrub, phyllostachys edulis forest, cunninghamia lanceolata forest, and pinus massoniana forest, in the zongli village of qimen county in anhui province, this paper studied the mean basal diameter and structure of monimopetalum chinense population, and the effects of environmental factors on the population characteristics. the results showed that the mean basal diameter of m. chinense ...200818533512
[seasonal variation of light fraction organic matter in degraded red soil after vegetation restoration].this paper studied the seasonal variation of light fraction organic matter (lfom) in the red soils of severely eroded bare land, and of the bare lands restored to pinus massoniana forest land, castanea mollissima plantation, and paspalum notatum grassland in the hetian town of changting county, fujian province, with secondary forest soil as the control. the results showed that in the surface soil of the bare land, lfom content was between 0.05-0.14 g x kg(-1) and with no significant seasonal var ...200818533525
concentrations of sulphur and heavy metals in needles and rooting soils of masson pine (pinus massoniana l.) trees growing along an urban-rural gradient in guangzhou, china.current (c) and previous year (c + 1) needles and soils (organic horizon, 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm mineral depth) of masson pine (pinus massoniana l.) trees were sampled at four forested sites (huang pu industrial district, hp; south china botanical garden, bg; mao feng mt., mf; and nan kun mt., nk) in guangzhou along a urban-rural gradient and analyzed for sulfur (s) and heavy metals (cu, zn, ni, cd, cr and pb) concentrations. needle concentrations of all the elements were significantly higher at i ...200918568410
[soil microelements under different vegetation restoration patterns in yellow soil slope region of mid-subtropics].with the nüerzhai watershed in wuling mountain as a case, this paper studied the contents and availabilities of soil microelements and their relationships with soil organic matter and ph value in yellow soil slope region of mid-subtropics under seven typical vegetation restoration patterns, i. e., pinus massoniana natural forest (i), cunninghamia lanceolata plantation (ii), eucommia ulmoides plantation (iii), vernicia fordii plantation (iv), machilus pingii secondary forest (v), phyllostachys ed ...200818593030
n isotopes and n cycle in the tieshanping subtropical forest ecosystem, southwestern china.nitrogen is essential for forest growth and forest stand development. it is commonly a limited factor for forest productivity. we examined delta (15)n values in soils and plants by studying the sources of n used by vegetation and cycles of n in a 43-year-old plantation of the tieshanping forest ecosystem in southwestern china, dominated by massone pine (pinus massoniana). the n concentration of plant materials ranges from 1.1% to 2.2%. the nitrogen concentration of p. massoniana was 1.3% while s ...200918618284
[concentrations and influence factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in leaves of dominant species in the pearl river delta, south china].concentrations of pahs in leaves of six dominant species in the pearl river delta of south china were determined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (gc-ms), and synchronously leaf-lipid contents, leaf areas, specific leaf areas (sla) were measured. the characters of pahs abundance and influence factors on them were investigated. the results show that concentrations of pahs in pine needles are higher than those in broad-leaves remarkably, and the highest value (1034.7 ng x g(-1) in pin ...200818637327
[foraging behavior of various tree species in heterogeneous nutrient environment related to light condition].a factorial combination pot experiment was designed to study the growth response and foraging behavior of three south china forestation species pinus massoniana, schima superba and liriodendron chinense under heterogenous nutrient envionment and different light conditions. the results demonstrated that under full light, the plant height and biomass of p. massoniana and s. superba were enhanced in heterogenous nutrient environment, with the root biomass increased by 99.5% and 66.7%, respectively, ...200818655578
involvement of the bcl-2 family members in pinus massoniana bark extract induced apoptosis in hela cells.pinus massoniana bark extract (pmbe) contains a variety of flavonoids whose antioxidant properties have been confirmed in vitro. this study was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and the mechanism of cell death on the pmbe-treated human cervical cancer cell line, hela. pmbe treatment led to cell growth inhibition in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and pmbe-induced apoptosis was confirmed by dapi staining, tunel assays and sub-g1 phase accumulation. cell cycle was also arrested in g2 ...200818803251
[nutrient contents and resorption characteristics in needles of different age pinus massoniana (lamb.) before and after withering].taking the 10-, 23-, and 45-year-old pinus massoniana plantations in huitong of hunnan province as test objects and with the parameters nutrient content per unit needle mass, nutrient content per unit needle length, and nutrient content of single needle, the nutrient contents and resorption characteristics in the needles of different age p. massoniana before and after withering were studied. the results showed that after withering, the mass of single needle, length of single needle, and mass per ...200818839901
[soil n2o flux and its affecting factors under different vegetations in central guizhou province].by using close chamber-gc method, the n2o fluxes in de-farming grassland, bush land, pinus massoniana forestland, and broadleaved forestland in central guizhou were measured in situ in 2006 and 2007 to investigate the seasonal change patterns of soil n2 o flux under different vegetations in karst region of southwest china. the results indicated that in a whole year round, the soils in all test sites played the source of atmospheric n2o, only acting as a n2o sink in exceptional months. the soil t ...200818975765
effect of needle damage on the release rate of masson pine (pinus massoniana) volatiles.the effect of needle damage on the release rate of masson pine (pinus massoniana lamb.) volatiles was examined. needles were continuously damaged by mechanical damage (mdp) or by feeding of pine caterpillar (dendrolimus punctatus) larvae (lfp); undamaged pine was used as a control (udp). volatiles were collected before damage, and at 16, 24, 40, 48, 64, 72, 88 and 96 h post-damage, and analyzed. the analyses revealed that 19 compounds identified as constitutive volatiles from udp were terpenes a ...200919067110
effect of pinus massoniana bark extract on ifn-gamma-induced icam-1 expression in hacat human keratinocytes.pinus massoniana bark extract (pmbe) with known anti-oxidant activity is comprised of various flavonoids including several bioactive compounds. we found that pmbe contains 1.27% taxifolin, a well-studied compound with known anti-inflammatory activity. therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of pmbe and taxifolin on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) expression.200919103272
effect of insoluble fibre on intestinal morphology and mrna expression pattern of inflammatory, cell cycle and growth marker genes in a piglet model.the effects of insoluble dietary fibre differing in lignin content on intestinal morphology and mrna expression was tested in an animal model of 48 weaned piglets. engaged fibre sources were wheat bran (rich in cellulose and hemicellulose) and pollen from chinese masson pine (pinus massoniana) (rich in lignin), respectively. the fibre sources were added to a basal diet as follows: no addition (control), 3.0% wheat bran, 1.27% pine pollen, and 2.55% pine pollen. the 12 animals of each feeding gro ...200819143227
effect of n and p addition on soil organic c potential mineralization in forest soils in south china.atmospheric nitrogen deposition is at a high level in some forests of south china. the effects of addition of exogenous n and p on soil organic carbon mineralization were studied to address: (1) if the atmospheric n deposition promotes soil c storage through decreasing mineralization; (2) if the soil available p is a limitation to organic carbon mineralization. soils (0-10 cm) was sampled from monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (mebf), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (cbmf), and pinu ...200819143315
inhibition of p-glycoprotein function by procyanidine on blood-brain barrier.the inhibitory effects of procyanidine, one of the components from the bark of pinus massoniana lamb, on the p-glycoprotein (p-gp) function of the blood-brain barrier (bbb) were studied using in vitro rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rbmecs) and nude mice transplanted with human cerebroma. quantitative accumulation and efflux of rhodamine 123 (rh123), a p-gp substrate, were determined using a fluorescence spectrophotometer as a measure of p-gp function. procyanidine markedly increased th ...200919172664
light acclimation and hso(3) (-) damage on photosynthetic apparatus of three subtropical forest species.the effects of long-term (33 months) sun/shade acclimation and short-term (within 10 h) hso(3) (-) treatment on leaf photosynthetic apparatus were investigated in three subtropical forest plants, pinus massoniana, schima superba, and acmena acuminatissima. after 33 months' growth in two light environments (100 and 12% sunlight), rapid light curves (rlc), chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and chloroplast ultrastructures of three tested species were changed to different degrees. when leaf sections ...200919562482
inhibition of the growth of alexandrium tamarense by algicidal substances in chinese fir (cunninghamia lanceolata).the wood sawdust from chinese fir (cunninghamia lanceolata) exhibited stronger inhibition on the growth of alexandrium tamarense than those from alder (alnus cremastogyne), pine (pinus massoniana), birch (betula alnoides) and sapele (entandrophragma cylindricum). the water extract, acetone-water extract and essential oil from fir sawdust were all shown to inhibit the growth of a. tamarense. the inhibition of fir essential oil was the strongest among all the above wood sources while the half effe ...200919634014
[litter decomposition of dominant plant species in successional stages in mid-subtropical zone].the litters of seven tree species representing the dominant plant species in three main successional stages in subtropical china, i.e., pinus massoniana in early successional forests, schima superba and cinnamanun camphora in transitional forests, and castanopsis eyeri, cyclobalanopsis gracilis, cyclobalanopsis glauca, and michelia chapensis in late successional forests, were collected, and their decomposition rates were measured with litterbags. the results showed that m. chapensls and c. graci ...200919637588
[effects of different types of litters on soil organic carbon mineralization].using litter incubation experiment in laboratory, decomposition discrepancies of four typical litters from zijin mountain were analyzed. the results show that organic carbon mineralization rates of soil with litters all involve fast and slow decomposition stages, and the differences are that the former has shorter duration,more daily decomposition quantity while the latter is opposite. organic carbon mineralization rates of soil with litters rapidly reached maximum in the early days of incubatio ...200919662876
[effects of dendrolimus punctatus feeding and methyl jasmonate (meja)--or terpenes fumigation on abscisic acid and jasmonic acid contents in pinus massoniana seedling needles].abscisic acid (aba) and jasmonic acid (ja) play an important role in inducing the stress-resistance of plants. in this study, parts of the needles on a ring of pinus massoniana seedling shoots were subjected to 4 hours dendrolimus punctatus feeding or 4 hours fumigation with 10 micromol x l(-1) of methyl jasmonate (meja) or terpenes, and the aba and ja contents in treated needles, untreated neighboring sister needles, and untreated needles above and below the ring were determined by gc/ms. an ob ...200919803176
homogeneity of delta(15)n in needles of masson pine (pinus massoniana l.) was altered by air pollution.the present study investigated the changes of delta(15)n values in the tip, middle and base section (divided by the proportion to needle length) of current- and previous-year needles of masson pine (pinus massoniana l.) from two declining forest stands suffering from air pollution, in comparison with one healthy stand. at the healthy stand, delta(15)n in the three sections of both current- and previous-year needles were found evenly distributed, while at the polluted stands, delta(15)n values in ...201019897291
isolation, identification and characterization of soil microbes which degrade phenolic allelochemicals.to isolate and characterize microbes in the soils containing high contents of phenolics and to dissolve the allelopathic inhibition of plants through microbial degradation.201019912433
[estimation of voc emission from forests in china based on the volume of tree species].applying the volume data of dominant trees from statistics on the national forest resources, volatile organic compounds (voc) emissions of each main tree species in china were estimated based on the light-temperature model put forward by guenther. china's voc emission inventory for forest was established, and the space-time and age-class distributions of voc emission were analyzed. the results show that the total voc emissions from forests in china are 8565.76 gg, of which isoprene is 5689.38 gg ...200919968092
[effects of pinus massoniana plantation stand density on understory vegetation and soil properties].by using plot investigation and sampling analysis methods, the understory vegetation and soil properties of pinus massoniana plantations with different stand density in subtropical area were studied in daqingshan, guangxi province. in the p. massoniana plantations after 14-year natural growth, the understory species diversity index of shrub layer increased with the increase of stand density from 1050 trees x hm(-2) to 1800 trees x hm(-2), but decreased when the stand density further increased to ...200920077685
[study on relationships between total chlorophyll with hyperspectral features for leaves of pinus massoniana forest].in the present study, the authors built the relationships between the total chlorophyll and hyperspectral features of p. massoniana. the research results showed that (1) chlorophyll content has a good linear relationship with spectral reflectance around 527, 703, 1 364 and 1 640 nm, and this result is helpful for us to select some important bands when monitoring p. massoniana by remote sensing image; (2) all of the nine kinds of spectral feature parameters including red edge position, mean refle ...200920101980
decomposing ability of filamentous fungi on litter is involved in a subtropical mixed forest.the abilities of 10 filamentous fungi, isolated from pinus massoniana-liquidambar formasana mixed forest (plf), to decompose fresh, fallen needle and leaf litter were studied with pure-culture tests. the results showed that all fungi except mucor sp. and chaetomium bostrychodes could drive mass loss of l. formasana leaf litter significantly more than that of p. massoniasa. mass loss of litter in the first 5 wk of the study was higher than that in the last 5 wk. the decomposition rate was negativ ...201020120224
potential chromosomal introgression barriers revealed by linkage analysis in a hybrid of pinus massoniana and p. hwangshanensis.exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying speciation is a hot topic in modern genetics and evolutionary studies. distortion of marker transmission ratio is frequently ascribed to selection against alleles that cause hybrid incompatibility. the natural introgression between p. massoniana and p. hwangshanensis and their distribution ranges lead to the emergence of the two species as desirable organisms to study the genetic mechanisms for speciation.201020181290
pinus massoniana bark extract selectively induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells, possibly through caspase-dependent pathways.pinus massoniana bark extract (pmbe) is a mixture of flavonoids, whose antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing properties have been confirmed in vitro. in this study, the apoptotic effect and mechanism of pmbe in hepg2 human hepatoma cells were evaluated. pmbe exerted dose- and time-dependent cell growth inhibition on hepg2 cells, and selectively induced apoptosis without impact on normal liver l-02 cells. apoptosis induced by pmbe in hepg2 cells was also confirmed by annexin-v/pi staining, transmiss ...201020372819
effect of simulated acid rain on the litter decomposition of quercus acutissima and pinus massoniana in forest soil microcosms and the relationship with soil enzyme activities.with the continuing increase in human activities, ecologists are increasingly interested in understanding the effects of acid rain on litter decomposition. two dominant litters were chosen from zijin mountain in china: quercus acutissima from a broad-leaved forest and pinus massoniana from a coniferous forest. the litters were incubated in microcosms and treated with simulated acid rain (gradient ph levels). during a six-month incubation, changes in chemical composition (i.e., lignin, total carb ...201020382410
[enrichment characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in pine (pinus massoniana lamb) needles from parks in nanjing city, china].the concentrations of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in pine (pinus massoniana lamb) needles from 8 urban parks in nanjing city (china) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography, and the source apportionment of pahs in pine needles was studied using diagnostic ratios. the results show that the total pahs concentrations (sigma pahs) accumulated in needles from different parks ranged from 909.8 (linggu temple) to 2 129.6 ng x g(-1) (mochou lake), with an average of 1 ...201020391724
diterpenoids from pinus massoniana resin and their cytotoxicity against a431 and a549 cells.five diterpenoids and 14 known diterpenoids were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of pinus massoniana resin. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. the cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated using the mtt method. the results showed that three of the less polar diterpenoids had strong cytotoxicity against a431 and a549 cancer cells, whereas those of high polarity had none.201020598722
pinus massoniana bark extract protects against oxidative damage in l-02 hepatic cells and mice.the hepatoprotective activity of pinus massoniana bark extract (pmbe) against hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)-induced damage in normal human liver l-02 cells and carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice was investigated. the l-02 cells were pre-treated with pmbe for 24 hours prior to exposure to 0.5 mm h2o2 for 3 or 24 hours. the cell viability, level of malondialdehyde (mda) and glutathione (gsh), and the catalase (cat) activity were evaluated. for in vivo experiments, mice wer ...201020821822
[ftir studies of masson pine wood decayed by brown-rot fungi].fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy was used to study the chemical changes of masson pine (pinus massoniana lamb.) decayed by the brown-rot fungus wolfiporia cocos (schwein.) ryvarden & gilbn. for different durations up to 23 weeks. the ratios of height of the lignin/holocellulose and holocellulose/lignin ir peaks were measured, and the klason lignin content and holocellulose content of the sound wood and brown-rotted wood with different level of decay were analyzed by wet chemical me ...201020939323
[dynamics of nutrients in an age sequence of pinus massoniana plantation].by using a chronosequence approach, this paper studied the nutrients accumulation, allocation, and cycling in 7-, 17-, 31-, and 51-year-old masson pine plantations, aimed to analyze the dynamics of nutrients in masson pine plantation at its different developmental stages. the results showed that 1) nutrient accumulation was not synchronized with biomass accumulation, with the accumulation rate of biomass being 3.3, 5.4, 3.3, 3.7, and 9.8 times of that of n, p, k, ca, and mg from age 17 to 51, re ...201021043094
concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in needles of masson pine (pinus massoniana l.) growing nearby different industrial sources.emissions from industrial activities pose a serious threat to human health and impose the need for monitoring both inorganic and organic pollutants in industrial areas. we selected masson pine (pinus massoniana l.) as potential biomonitor and collected the current (c) and previous year (c+1) needles from three industrial sites dominated by petrochemical, ceramics manufacturing, and iron and steel smelting plants and one remote site to determine heavy metals (cu, cd, pb, zn, cr, ni and co) and po ...201021174990
response of runoff and soil loss to reforestation and rainfall type in red soil region of southern china.to evaluate the long-term effects of reforestation types on soil erosion on degraded land, vegetation and soil properties under conventional sloping farmland (csf) and three different reforestation types including a pinus massoniana secondary forest (psf), an eucommia ulmoides artificial economic forest (eef) and a natural succession type forest (nst), were investigated at runoff plot scale over a six-year period in a red soil region of southern china. one hundred and thirty erosive rainfall eve ...201021235165
[soil soluble organic matter, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in forest plantations in degraded red soil region of jiangxi province, china].taking the adjacent 18-year-old pure pinus massoniana pure forest (i), p. massoniana, liquidamber fomosana, and schima superba mixed forest (ii), s. superba pure forest (iii), l. fomosana (iv) pure forest, and natural restoration fallow land (ck) in taihe county of jiangxi province as test sites, a comparative study was made on their soil soluble organic carbon (soc) and nitrogen (son), soil microbial biomass c (mbc) and n (mbn), and soil urease and asparaginase activities. in 0-10 cm soil layer ...201021265148
effects of taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide on immune response of rabbit haemorrhagic disease tissue inactivated vaccine and on production performance of rex rabbits.varied doses of taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (tppps) and astragalus polysaccharide (aps) extracted by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation method were added to the vaccine in order to prepare polysaccharide-rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) tissue inactivated vaccine. the purpose was to study effects of tppps on immune response of rhd tissue inactivated vaccine and on production performance of rex rabbits. results showed that each index in groups i, ii, iii and iv was ...201121295100
dechlorane plus (dp) in air and plants at an electronic waste (e-waste) site in south china.air and foliage samples (eucalyptus spp. and pinus massoniana lamb.) were collected from e-waste and reference sites in south china and analyzed for dechlorane plus (dp) and two dechlorinated dps. dp concentrations in the air were 13.1-1794 pg/m3 for the e-waste site and 0.47-35.7 pg/m3 for the reference site, suggesting the recycling of e-waste is an important source of dp to the environment. plant dp, with concentrations of 0.45-51.9 ng/g dry weight at the e-waste site and 0.09-2.46 ng/g at th ...201121324409
more nitrogen partition in structural proteins and decreased photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of pinus massoniana under in situ polluted stress.masson pine (pinus massoniana l.) trees in the pearl river delta have shown growth decline since late 1980s, particularly those around industrially polluted regions. as nitrogen is an important nutritional element composing functional proteins, structural proteins and photosynthetic machinery, investigation on nitrogen allocation is helpful to understand nutrient alteration and its regulation mechanism in response to pollution stress. current year (c) and 1-year old needles (c + 1) of five matur ...201121327693
diversity and composition of ectomycorrhizal community on seedling roots: the role of host preference and soil origin.as the main source of inocula, ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungal propagules are critical for root colonization and seedling survival in deforested areas. it is essential to know factors that may affect the diversity and composition of ecm fungal community on roots of seedlings planted in deforest areas during reforestation. we quantitatively evaluated the effect of host plant and soil origin on ecm fungal propagule community structure established on roots of castanopsis fargesii, lithocarpus harlandi ...201121451998
effects of calcium on seed germination, seedling growth and photosynthesis of six forest tree species under simulated acid rain.we selected six tree species, pinus massoniana lamb., cryptomeria fortunei hooibr. ex otto et dietr., cunninghamia lanceolata (lamb.) hook., liquidambar formosana hance, pinus armandii franch. and castanopsis chinensis hance, which are widely distributed as dominant species in the forest of southern china where acid deposition is becoming more and more serious in recent years. we investigated the effects and potential interactions between simulated acid rain (siar) and three calcium (ca) levels ...201121470980
[forest biomass and its spatial pattern in guizhou province].based on the forest inventory data of 5500 sampling plots from 1996 to 2000 in guizhou province and according to the biomass expansion factors (bef) of various forest types, the forest biomass in the province was estimated, with its spatial pattern and its differences between karst and non-karst regions analyzed. in the study period, the total biomass of trees and shrubs on forest and non-forest lands was 3.51 x 10(8) t, 18% and 82% of which came from karst and non-karst regions, respectively. d ...201121608238
[soil heterotrophic respiration and its sensitivity to soil temperature and moisture in liquidambar formosana and pinus massoniana forests in hilly areas of southeast hubei province, china].field monitoring was conducted to study the annual dynamics of soil heterotrophic respiration and soil temperature and moisture in liquidambarformosana and pinus massoniana forests in hilly areas of southeast hubei province, china. at the same time, laboratory experiment was performed to study the heterotrophic respiration rate along soil profile, and the sensitivity of surface soil (0-5 cm) heterotrophic respiration to soil temperature and moisture. then, a model was established to valuate the ...201121657013
[effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil acid phosphomonoesterase activity and soil available phosphorus content in subtropical forests in dinghushan mountain].an in situ field experiment was conducted to study the effects of simulated nitrogen (n) deposition on soil acid phosphomonoesterase activity (apa) and soil available phosphorous (ap) content in pinus massoniana forest (pf), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (mf), and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (mebf) in dinghushan mountain. in pf and mf, three treatments were installed, i.e., ck (0 kg n x hm(-2) x a(-1)), low n (50 kg n x hm(-2) x a(-1)), and medium n (100 kg n x hm(-2) x a(-1 ...201121657017
[changes of reflectance spectra of pine needles in different stage after being infected by pine wood nematode].in the present study, seedlings of pinus thunbergii and pinus massoniana were planted and used for reflectance spectrum measurement. in different stage after being infected by pine wood nematode, reflectance spectra were measured by asd spectrometer and the features of spectral parameters and the change of chlorophyll were analyzed. the results showed that (1) disease could be estimated in the early stage according to the curve of mid-infrared reflectance; (2) dynamic parameters such as the posi ...201121800599
isolation and characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in pinus massoniana (pinaceae)1.• premise of the study: tetranucleotide microsatellite markers were developed for the first time in pinus massoniana lamb. to facilitate studies of population and conservation biology in this species. • methods and results: ten tetranucleotide microsatellite primer pairs were developed using dual suppression pcr. seven, six, and eight of the primer pairs exhibited cross-species transferability to p. thunbergii, p. densiflora, and p. luchuensis, respectively. the number of alleles ranged from 1 t ...201121795729
analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tree-rings of masson pine (pinus massoniana l.) from two industrial sites in the pearl river delta, south china.concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were examined and potential sources of pahs were identified from the dated tree-rings of masson pine (pinus massoniana l.) near two industrial sites (danshuikeng, dsk and xiqiaoshan, xqs) in the pearl river delta of south china. total concentrations of pahs (ôêæpahs) were revealed with similar patterns of temporal trends in the tree-rings at both sites, suggesting tree-rings recorded the historical variation in atmospheric pahs. the diffe ...201121842041
entomopathogenic fungi on hemiberlesia pitysophila.hemiberlesia pitysophila takagi is an extremely harmful exotic insect in forest to pinus species, including pinus massoniana. using both morphological taxonomy and molecular phylogenetics, we identified 15 strains of entomogenous fungi, which belong to 9 genera with high diversities. surprisingly, we found that five strains that were classified as species of pestalotiopsis, which has been considered plant pathogens and endophytes, were the dominant entomopathogenic fungus of h. pitysophila. mole ...201121901126
effects of pinus massoniana bark extract on the adhesion and migration capabilities of hela cells.pinus massoniana lamb is a chinese red pine species used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of human health disorders. recent studies have shown that p. massoniana bark extract (pmbe) has an anti-proliferation effect on cancer cells. however, it is not clear if pmbe affects cancer cell migration and/or invasion. we tested the effect of pmbe, which has b-type procyanidin as its main constituent, on the adhesion and migration capabilities of hela cells, a human cervical cancer ...201121888955
down-regulation of pm4cl1 gene expression in e. coli model by antisense mrna.the coumarate:coenzyme a ligase 1 gene (4cl1) was isolated from secondary developing xylem tissues of pinus massoniana lamb (pm4cl1). the pm4cl1 gene was inserted into a pqe30 expression vector in both sense and antisense orientations to form a pqe30-4cl1-anti4cl1. the expression level of the pm4cl1 gene in escherichia coli cells was inhibited by the antisense mrna of the pm4cl1 gene. the results of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel ele ...201222273846
[phosphorus characteristics in rhizosphere soil of cunninghamia lanceolata, pinus massoniana and their mixed plantations].in 2007-2010, a comparative study was conducted on the phosphorus characteristics in the rhizosphere soil of cunninghamia lanceolata, pinus massoniana and c. lanceolata-p. massoniana mixed plantations in a forest farm in nanping city of fujian province, east china. in the rhizosphere soil of pure c. lanceolata and p. massoniana plantations, the content of available p was higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. as compared with non-rhizosphere soil, the rhizophere soil in the three plantations ...201122303655
[effects of litterfall and root input on soil physical and chemical properties in pinus massoniana plantations in three gorges reservoir area, china].an investigation was made on the soil physical and chemical properties in different-aged pinus massoniana plantations in three gorges reservoir area under effects of litterfall and roots. the annual litter production in mature stand was 19.4% and 65.7% higher than that in nearly mature and middle-aged stands, respectively. the litter standing amount was in the sequence of mature stand > middle-aged stand > nearly mature stand, while the litter turnover coefficient was in the order of nearly matu ...201223479870
[relationships between soil moisture and needle-fall in masson pine forests in acid rain region of chongqing, southwest china].from march 2009 to november 2011, an investigation was conducted on the spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture and its effects on the needle-fall in masson pine (pinus massoniana) forests in acid rain region of chongqing, southeast china, with the corresponding soil moisture thresholds determined. no matter the annual precipitation was abundant, normal or less than average, the seasonal variation of soil moisture in the forests could be obviously divided into four periods, i.e., sufficient (b ...201223359920
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