| characterization of whitney's clethrionomy gapperi virus isolates from massachusetts. | six strains of virus were recovered from the blood and/or liver of five clethrionomys gapperi ochraceus trapped in southeastern massachusetts during 1969. biological, antigenic and physiochemical properties of these isolates are reported. usa m-2268a was selected as the reference strain. this strain was identical by complement-fixation and neutralization tests to whitneys c. gapperie virus (usa 64-7855) from new york state and was related to, but distinct from, an unpublished agent (johnson's mi ... | 1976 | 6801 |
| the diurnal variation of neutral hepatic fructose 1,6-diphosphatase in partially inbred populations of rats and in outbred populations of microtus montanus. | | 1976 | 175995 |
| alteration of free serum amino acids in voles infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | free serum amino acid pools of field voles, microtus montanus, were determined over a 24 hr period, and compared to values obtained from voles infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. the majority of amino acids in the control animals demonstrated a diurnal variation, peaking predominantly during the dark portion of the photoperiod. this trend was not evident in the infected animals. in addition, infected voles possessed an apparent state of hypoaminoacidemia, with levels of threonine, serine ... | 1977 | 321737 |
| free amino acids in brain, liver, and skeletal muscle tissue of voles infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | the concentrations of several acidic and neutral amino acids of brain, liver, and skeletal muscle were determined in field voles, microtus montanus, and compared to values obtained from voles harboring a chronic infection of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. all of the amino acids examined were found at comparable levels in brain tissue from both groups of animals with the exception of tyrosine, which was reduced by approximately 45% in the infected voles. similarly, the only difference noted in liv ... | 1977 | 338875 |
| schistosomiasis mansoni and japonicum in microtus montanus. | | 1976 | 768436 |
| effects of trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections in microtus montanus on susceptibility to ehrlich's tumors. | trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections in the field vole microtus montanus increased susceptibility to ehrlich's tumor growth. whereas uninfected voles were totally resistant to intraperitoneal ehrlich's ascites tumor cell challenge, over 78% of the animals infected with the trypanosomes developed tumors after challenge. likewise, when ehrlich's ascites cells were injected subcutaneously to induce solid tumor formation, only 7% of uninfected controls developed tumors, whereas over 82% of trypan ... | 1976 | 770326 |
| immunodepression during trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections in the field vole, microtus montanus. | the effects of trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections upon immune responses were examined in an outbred laboratory colony of field voles. microtus montanus. antibody levels to challenge with heterologous erythrocytes and bovine serum albumin were significantly depressed in infected animals. trypanosome infections impaired both primary and secondary humoral responses, although previously established specific antibody levels were not affected by infection. specific antibody-producing capabilities ... | 1976 | 791544 |
| efffects of trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection on incorporation of 14c-tryptophan by microtus montanus. | | 1975 | 1117356 |
| oxytocin--a neuropeptide for affiliation: evidence from behavioral, receptor autoradiographic, and comparative studies. | oxytocin (ot) is a nine amino acid peptide synthesized in hypothalamic cells which project either to the neurohypophysis or to sites within the central nervous system. although neurohypophyseal ot release has long been associated with uterine contraction and milk ejection, the function of intracerebral ot remains unclear. on the basis of behavioral, cellular, and comparative studies, this review suggests that brain ot influences the formation of social bonds. the first part of this review examin ... | 1992 | 1319071 |
| oxytocin receptor distribution reflects social organization in monogamous and polygamous voles. | the neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in the mediation of several forms of affiliative behavior including parental care, grooming, and sex behavior. here we demonstrate that species from the genus microtus (voles) selected for differences in social affiliation show contrasting patterns of oxytocin receptor expression in brain. by in vitro receptor autoradiography with an iodinated oxytocin analogue, specific binding to brain oxytocin receptors was observed in both the monogamous prairie ... | 1992 | 1321430 |
| ejaculate disruption in two species of voles (microtus): on the pei matching law. | we permitted male prairie and montane voles (microtus ochrogaster and m. montanus) five thrusts, without ejaculation, with a female at variable times after a 1st male ejaculated. in both prairie and montane voles, there were fewer sperm, in relation to control conditions, in the female's tract 1 hr after ejaculation if the female received thrusts immediately or 15 min after the ejaculate. there was no such effect after a 50-min delay. there was no significant decrease in litter production in pra ... | 1992 | 1451421 |
| trypanosoma brucei brucei: in vitro production of metacyclic forms. | an in vitro method has been established to obtain metacyclic form populations of trypanosoma brucei brucei. trypanosome populations containing more than 98% of metacyclic forms were obtained from cultures which were: 1) initiated with bloodstream forms in primary cultures in the presence of microtus montanus embryonic fibroblast-like cells (feeder cell layers); 2) maintained in glucose-free eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10 mm l-proline, 2 mm l-glutamine and 20% (v/v) fetal b ... | 1992 | 1522545 |
| splenomegaly and reticulocytosis caused by babesia microti infections in natural populations of the montane vole, microtus montanus. | a survey for babesia microti in rodents was conducted at six sites within grand teton national park, wyoming. blood and spleen smears, hematocrits, and reticulocyte counts were made on all of the animals to evaluate parameters for the diagnosis of babesiosis. ticks were removed for identification. of 257 microtus montanus, 103 were infected with b. microti. in addition, five of 12 microtus pennsylvanicus and one of three arvicola richardsoni were parasitized by b. microti. peromyscus maniculatus ... | 1991 | 1818201 |
| tissue alterations in microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | changes in liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, and brain are reported for microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. an increase in body weight of infected animals was attributable to a significant increase in total mass of spleen, liver and kidney. cellular infiltrate consisting primarily of lymphocytes and plasma cells was observed in all organs and was particularly evident in intralobular connective tissue of the liver, adipose tissue of the hilum, and adjacent medul ... | 1991 | 1992088 |
| comparative neuroanatomy of the sexually dimorphic hypothalamus in monogamous and polygamous voles. | in the present work we evaluated the degree of sexual dimorphism in two cell groups of the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamus (mpoa-ah) in monogamous and polygamous voles. quantitative determinations were made of volume, cell number, and cell density for the anteroventral-periventricular nucleus (avpv) and the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa). polygamous montane voles (microtus montanus) had a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in both cell groups than did monogamous ... | 1991 | 2054639 |
| the effect of a fibroblast feeder layer, l-cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol on the growth of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | a fibroblast-like cell line derived from the mountain vole microtus montanus was effective in promoting an increase in the multiplication rate of new and established isolates of plasmodium falciparum. an increase in multiplication rate was also achieved in the absence of m. montanus cells when cultures of p. falciparum were grown in medium which was supplemented with l-cysteine at 12 h intervals, and to a lesser extent when medium was supplemented with 2-mercaptoethanol instead of l-cysteine. | 1990 | 2091340 |
| patterns of sperm allocation across successive ejaculates in four species of voles (microtus). | this study was designed to determine testes masses, total number of spermatozoa ejaculated per copulatory episode, and the pattern of sperm numbers in successive ejaculates in prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster), montane voles (m. montanus), pine voles (m. pinetorum), and meadow voles (m. pennsylvanicus). prairie voles displayed mean totals of 2.7 ejaculations and 30.5 x 10(6) spermatozoa before reaching a satiety criterion; montane voles 3.4 ejaculations and 19.0 x 10(6) spermatozoa, pine vole ... | 1990 | 2179544 |
| further biochemical characterization of chronic trypanosoma brucei gambiense-microtus montanus infection. | tyrosine aminotransferase (tat), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (gpt), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (got), and alkaline phosphatase (alp) were measured in the serum and livers of microtus montanus infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. only liver tat and serum alp showed significant changes. in addition, blood glucose, pyruvate and lactate, and liver glycogen levels were assayed. all four compounds showed significant changes, strongly suggesting increased glycogen mobilization and incre ... | 1987 | 2889386 |
| cultivation of the life cycle stages of trypanosoma brucei sspp. | a culture system was devised for the production of the various stages in the developmental cycle of trypanosoma brucei brucei and t. b. rhodesiense. the bloodstream forms were grown at 37 degrees c on a feeder layer of fibroblasts from embryos of microtus montanus or cd-1 mice in hepes-buffered minimum essential medium with earle's salts, supplemented with 15% heat-inactivated rabbit serum. when they were transferred to hepes-buffered cunningham's medium and incubated at 27 degrees c, they trans ... | 1988 | 2896444 |
| uterotropic 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone is an adrenergic agonist and a melatonin analog. | 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (mboa) is a compound isolated from grasses which has gonadotropic effects in a variety of animals. the weak beta-adrenergic agonist character of mboa is shown by its in vitro stimulation of adenylate cyclase from several tissues. tritiated mboa bound specifically to particulate fractions from uterus is also displaced by alpha- and beta-adrenergic compounds. the adrenergic properties of mboa suggest it may exert diverse effects including direct actions on gonadotropin syn ... | 1988 | 2899525 |
| hormonal regulation of preputial gland function in male microtus montanus, the montane vole. | 1. preputial gland function in male microtus montanus is androgen-dependent, both in terms of preputial weights and in the production of a series of lipids which are present in m. montanus and absent from microtus pennsylvanicus. 2. production of these species-typical lipids is decreased but not eliminated in castrates, as well as in adrenalectomized castrates treated with corticosterone. therefore, in the total absence of androgens, a low level of these lipids is still produced. 3. 5 alpha-dihy ... | 1988 | 2900102 |
| cyclic nucleotide metabolism in pineal homogenates. | adenylate cyclase (ac) in pineal particulate fractions from rabbit, rat, cow, and the vole microtus montanus was stimulated by l-norepinephrine (ne) and l-isoproterenol (iso). ne stimulation of rabbit and bovine pineal ac was biphasic, with a plateau between 0.01 microm and 1.0 microm and additional stimulation by ne above 1.0 microm. stimulation by different iso concentrations gave a typical hyperbolic curve, and optimal stimulation by iso exceeded that by ne. melatonin decreased iso and ne sti ... | 1988 | 2905388 |
| osmotic effectors in kidneys of xeric and mesic rodents: corticomedullary distributions and changes with water availability. | urea, sodium, the methylamines glycine betaine and glycerophosphorylcholine (gpc), and the polyols sorbitol and myo-inositol are reported to be the major osmolytes in kidneys of laboratory mammals. these were measured (millimoles per kilogram wet weight) in kidney regions and urines of three species of wild rodents with different dehydration tolerances: the pocket mouse perognathus parvus (xeric), vole microtus montanus (mesic), and deer mouse peromyscus m. gambeli (intermediate). in animals kep ... | 1988 | 3057002 |
| changes in albumin levels in blood and urine of microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | serum albumin and glucose concentrations and urinary excretion of alpha-keto acids and proteins were determined in samples obtained throughout a chronic trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection in microtus montanus. an increase in urinary excretion of alpha-keto acids and proteins during the terminal stage of disease was accompanied by a decrease in serum glucose concentration. this terminal hypoglycemia reflected a depletion of liver glycogen in most animals. in contrast (and the major focus of t ... | 1988 | 3057169 |
| effects of melatonin and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone on photoperiodic control of testis size in adult male golden hamsters. | consumption of young plants containing 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-mboa) appears to play an important role in the initiation of reproduction each spring in wild populations of the montane vole. following its identification, 6-mboa has been found to stimulate the reproductive system in a number of rodent species, but the mechanism of action remains unknown. the chemical structure of 6-mboa is similar to melatonin, which, in addition to its well-known antigonadal effects, can exert a progonadal in ... | 1988 | 3210136 |
| vertical distribution of soil removed by four species of burrowing rodents in disturbed and undisturbed soils. | burrow volumes were determined in disturbed and undisturbed soils for four species of rodents in southeastern idaho. comparisons were made between soil types for the average volume and the proportion of the total volume of soil excavated from 10-cm increments for each species, and the relative number of burrows and proportion of total soil removed from beneath the minimum thickness of soil covers over buried low-level radioactive wastes. burrows of montane voles (microtus montanus) and deer mice ... | 1988 | 3280518 |
| effect of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone on sex ratio and breeding performance in microtus montanus. | the plant derivative, 6-mathoxybenzoxazolinone (6-mboa), which has been demonstrated to initiate reproduction in field populations of the montane meadow vole (microtus montanus), was administered via feeding or silastic capsule implants to mated pairs of laboratory bred m. montanus. the animals remained paired for 120 days, and the number, size, and sex ratios of the resulting litters were recorded. both the size and frequency of litters were significantly greater in 6-mboa-treated pairs than in ... | 1987 | 3555629 |
| multiple alpha-keto aciduria in microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | microtus montanus chronically infected with a monomorphic strain of trypanosoma brucei gambiense excreted in urine greatly elevated quantities of not only the aromatic alpha-keto acids, phenylpyruvic and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acids, but also two aliphatic alpha-keto acids, pyruvic and alpha-ketoglutaric acids. elevated keto acid excretion began approximately midway through infection and quantities remained elevated until death. daily keto acid excretion did not correlate with daily parasitemia. ... | 1985 | 3902349 |
| photic influences on the developing mammal. | in adult mammals, the daily light-dark cycle acts via the retinohypothalamic pathway to entrain the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) and to communicate information about daylength to photoperiodic species. studies in rats show that during late fetal and early neonatal life, before the retinohypothalamic pathway has innervated the scn, the maternal circadian system entrains the timing of the developing clock to prevailing lighting conditions. although the nature of the maternal ... | 1985 | 3915455 |
| effects of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone on the pineal melatonin generating system. | 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (6-mboa) at concentrations greater than 20 microm stimulates serotonin n-acetyltransferase (nat) activity of rat pineal glands in 48-hr organ culture as well as of glands freshly cultured, indicating that 6-mboa acts postsynaptically. the effects of 6-mboa on nat activity can be blocked by propranolol but not by prazosin, suggesting that 6-mboa acts on the beta receptor. at the doses used 6-mboa stimulation does not block or enhance nat stimulation by norepinephrine, ... | 1985 | 3981461 |
| susceptibility of microtus montanus to infection by trypanosoma gambiense. | | 1970 | 4247959 |
| biochemical studies in the vole, microtus montanus. ii. the effects of a trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection on the diurnal variation of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and liver glycogen. | | 1973 | 4351430 |
| the effects of photoperiod and a trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection on the reproductive organs of male microtus montanus. | | 1974 | 4416242 |
| simultaneous presence of different antigenic populations of trypanosoma brucei gambiense in microtus montanus. | | 1973 | 4786841 |
| yersinia philomiragia sp. n., a new member of the pasteurella group of bacteria, naturally pathogenic for the muskrat (ondatra zibethica). | a bacterium experimentally pathogenic for muskrats (ondatra zibethica), white mice, mountain voles (microtus montanus), and deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) was isolated from the tissues of a sick muskrat captured on the bear river migratory bird refuge (brigham city, utah) and from four surface water samples collected within 15 miles of that point. in culture, the cells are chiefly coccoid, but in the tissues of muskrats and voles they resemble the bizarre forms of yersinia pestis, except for ... | 1969 | 5361214 |
| colonization of trypanosoma brucei gambiense within transplanted ehrlich's tumors of microtus montanus. | trypanosoma brucei gambiense has been observed growing in extravascular sites throughout a solid ehrlich ascites tumor (eat) in microtus montanus. these trypanosomes appear in clusters in the tumor. the possible importance of this observation to the host-parasite relationship is discussed. | 1980 | 6104421 |
| in vitro cultivation of animal-infective forms of a west african trypanosoma vivax stock. | animal-infective forms of a west african trypanosoma vivax stock were grown in culture for three months using minimum essential medium (mem) with earle's salts, supplemented with 20% inactivated goat serum over fibroblast-like cell lines isolated from the embryo of microtus montanus or of an east african galla crossbred goat at 36.5 degrees c and in 4% co2 - 96% air. the bloodstream trypanosomes used to initiate the culture had been isolated from an infected goat. the cultured organisms grown in ... | 1982 | 6126095 |
| electron-microscopic localization of trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by glossina morsitans centralis in microtus montanus. | in microtus montanus infected with t. b. gambiense, electron microscopic examination of lymph nodes, spleen, liver, heart, choroid plexus and brain demonstrated extravascular populations of trypanosomes distributed throughout interstitial spaces, accompanied by a moderate cellular infiltration of plasma cells. the trypanosomes exhibited numerous profiles; some were dividing, others were in different stages of lysis, or phagocytosed. penetration of trypanosomes into hepatocytes was observed. the ... | 1984 | 6152114 |
| extravascular and vascular distribution of trypanosoma b. gambiense in microtus montanus after cyclical transmission. | | 1983 | 6337779 |
| experimental chronic trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in microtus montanus. | adult microtus montanus were inoculated with a recently isolated strain of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense of human origin. the animals developed subacute to chronic infection and low-grade parasitemia. histopathological examination of the heart revealed a severe pancarditis resulting in pronounced weight loss, and survival times of 5-8 weeks, preventing development of meningoencephalitis. in the brain a moderate meningitis was found, usually associated with moderate numbers of parasites in the c ... | 1983 | 6353961 |
| increased urinary excretion of aromatic amino acid catabolites by microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | microtus montanus infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense for 16 and 21 days excreted significantly greater quantities of several aromatic amino acid catabolites when compared to uninfected control animals. very large quantities of three aromatic alpha-keto acids (alpha-oxocarboxylic acids), phenylpyruvic acid, 4- hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and indole-3-pyruvic acid, were excreted by infected animals. increased excretion of indole-3-lactic acid and indole-3-acetic acid was also detected. gas c ... | 1984 | 6375946 |
| experimental trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense infection in microtus montanus. | seventy-two voles (microtus montanus) were infected with a strain of trypanosoma congolense of low virulence in mice to study their susceptibility and value as a tool for testing chemotherapeutic agents. the infection in microtus was highly virulent. parasitaemia was low to moderate. significant spleen and body weight changes were observed. blood capillaries of the heart, brain, kidneys and lungs were markedly dilated and numerous parasites were present in the dilatations, particularly in the he ... | 1984 | 6383235 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica associated with pulmonary disease in mountain voles (microtus montanus). | bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from the lungs of all of six mountain voles (microtus montanus) found dead or dying of pulmonary infection near the bear river research station in northern utah in january, 1973. the possibility of concomitant viral or mycoplasmal infection was not ruled out. | 1980 | 6990019 |
| phenylalanine metabolism in microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | 1. alterations in phenylalanine metabolism were observed in microtus montanus infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 2. reductions were found in the incorporation of phenylalanine into free amino acid pools and into proteins of the liver and other organs of infected animals. 3. increased quantities of phenylpyruvate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and pyruvate were found in the urine of infected microtus. 4. there appeared to be very limited conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in infected anim ... | 1982 | 7037281 |
| hepatic microsomal alterations during chronic trypanosomiasis in the field vole, microtus montanus. | the field vole, microtus montanus, was used as a model system to evaluate the chronic effects of infection by trypanosoma brucei gambiense on hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. at day 28 post inoculation there was a 97% increase in liver wet weight per g body weight. a portion of the increase (21%) was accounted for by tissue edema which occurred after day 14 of infection. total hepatic cytochrome p-450 content and related total tissue mixed-function oxidase activities were decreased to ab ... | 1982 | 7050701 |
| in vitro cultivation of bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei, t. rhodesiense, and t. gambiense. | a series of new in vitro systems for the cultivation of bloodstream forms of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei brucei, t. (t.) b. rhodesiense, and t. (t.) b. gambiense was developed. the standard system consists of a feeder layer of fibroblast-like cells derived from embryos of new zealand white rabbits (ref( or a mountain vole, microtus montanus (mef), with hepes-buffered minimum essential medium (mem), with earle's salts, supplemented with 15% inactivated rabbit serum. these two and other feede ... | 1981 | 7320948 |
| three experiments on mate choice in meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus). | species differences in selectivity with respect to mate choice have been hypothesized to be related to mating systems. procedures used in 3 previous experiments on monogamous prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster) and polygamous montane voles (m. montanus) were used with polygamous meadow voles (m. pennsylvanicus). the expectation was that meadow voles would show few preferences. female meadow voles preferred mating with familiar versus unfamiliar males but displayed no preference for unmated vers ... | 1995 | 7705059 |
| occurrence of hantavirus within the rodent population of northeastern california and nevada. | these studies were initiated to determine the prevalence and hosts of hantaviruses within the rodent population of nevada and northeastern california. a total of 1,867 rodents were collected, sexed, weighed, identified, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibody against hantavirus nucleocapsid. the primary hosts for hantaviruses in this region were found within the family muridae (peromyscus maniculatus. reithrodontomys megalotis. and microtus montanus). studies ... | 1996 | 8619434 |
| oxytocin and the molecular basis of monogamy. | previous studies in rats have implicated central oxytocin (ot) pathways in the onset of maternal behavior, female sexual receptivity, and the response of the pups to social separation. however, the rat is not ideal for studying effects of ot on attachment as rats fail to form selective, enduring social bonds. to study male-female pair bonds, our laboratory has focused on a microtine rodent, the prairie vole, which is monogamous and highly affiliative. adult prairie voles form pair bonds after ma ... | 1995 | 8713971 |
| molecular aspects of monogamy. | comparative studies of monogamous and nonmonogamous voles demonstrate species differences in the regional expression of oxytocin (ot) receptors in the brain. these species differences have not been observed with other neurotransmitter receptors (except vasopressin). species differences for ot receptor distribution were also observed in other microtine and murine species selected as monogamous or promiscuous. these chemical neuroanatomic differences appear to be functionally relevant, as treatmen ... | 1997 | 9071359 |
| the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster): evidence for target tissue glucocorticoid resistance. | basal plasma corticosterone levels in prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster) are extremely high, in the absence of any apparent negative consequences of glucocorticoid excess. we tested the hypothesis that prairie voles are a novel rodent model of target tissue resistance to glucocorticoids. prairie voles had a significantly higher adrenal-to-body weight ratio, 5- to 10-fold greater basal plasma corticosterone, and 2- to 3-fold greater basal plasma acth concentrations than montane voles (microtus ... | 1997 | 9126465 |
| hypothalamic vasopressin gene expression increases in both males and females postpartum in a biparental rodent. | in previous studies, the closely related neuropeptide hormones oxytocin and vasopressin have been implicated in the central mediation of parental behaviour. several studies in rats and sheep have demonstrated a role for oxytocin in the initiation of maternal behaviour. recently, a few studies in a biparental species, the prairie vole (microxytocinus ochrogaster) have suggested that vasopressin is important for paternal care. the present study investigated this latter possibility by measuring cha ... | 2000 | 10718906 |
| molecular characterization of m1146, an american isolate of ljungan virus (lv) reveals the presence of a new lv genotype. | ljungan virus (lv) is a suspected human pathogen recently isolated from bank voles in sweden. this study describes the genetic characterization of a virus, m1146, which was isolated in 1962 from another vole species (microtus montanus), trapped in oregon, usa. based on antigenic properties, m1146 was postulated previously as a putative member of the family picornaviridae: the near complete genomic sequence verifies that m1146 is a member of the picornaviridae, most closely related to lvs isolate ... | 2003 | 12655084 |
| species and sex differences in brain distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtypes 1 and 2 in monogamous and promiscuous vole species. | corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) receptor subtypes 1 and 2 have been implicated in rodent models of anxiety, but much less is known about the crf system and social behavior. both corticosterone and central crf receptors modulate pair bonding in the monogamous prairie vole. using receptor autoradiography, we mapped crfr(1) and crfr(2) in the brains of two monogamous vole species, the prairie vole and pine vole, and two promiscuous vole species, the meadow vole and montane vole. we found marke ... | 2005 | 15861459 |
| the flea, megabothris abantis: an invertebrate host of hepatozoon sp. and a likely definitive host in hepatozoon infections of the montane vole, microtus montanus. | in searching for an invertebrate host for hepatozoon sp. infecting the montane vole (microtus montanus), we collected fleas, ticks, and mites from live-trapped voles and searched squash preparations for hepatozoon oocysts. from 1989 through 1996, we identified six species of fleas in grand teton national park: megabothris abantis, megabothris asio megacolpus, aetheca wagneri, peromyscopsylla selenis, peromyscopsylla. hesperomys, and hystrichopsylla dippiei dippiei. we found hepatozoon oocysts on ... | 2006 | 16870862 |
| estimating species-specific survival and movement when species identification is uncertain. | incorporating uncertainty in the investigation of ecological studies has been the topic of an increasing body of research. in particular, mark-recapture methodology has shown that incorporating uncertainty in the probability of detecting individuals in populations enables accurate estimation of population-level processes such as survival, reproduction, and dispersal. recent advances in mark-recapture methodology have included estimating population-level processes for biologically important group ... | 2007 | 17479746 |
| molecular characterization of a novel ljungan virus (parechovirus; picornaviridae) reveals a fourth genotype and indicates ancestral recombination. | ljungan virus (lv) was discovered 20 years ago in swedish bank voles (myodes glareolus, previously referred to as clethrionomys glareolus) during the search for an infectious agent causing lethal myocarditis in young athletes. to date, the genomes of four lv isolates, including the prototype 87-012 strain, have been characterized. three of these lv strains were isolated from bank voles trapped in sweden. sequence analysis of an american virus (m1146), isolated from a montane vole (microtus monta ... | 2009 | 19264646 |
| monogamy evolves through multiple mechanisms: evidence from v1ar in deer mice. | genetic variation in avpr1a, the locus encoding the arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (v1ar), has been implicated in pair-bonding behavior in voles (genus microtus) and humans, raising the possibility that this gene may contribute commonly to mating-system variation in mammals. in voles, differential expression of v1ar in the brain is associated with male partner-preference behavior in a comparison of a monogamous (microtus ochrogaster) and promiscuous (microtus montanus) species. this expression ... | 2010 | 20097658 |
| counterintuitive effects of large-scale predator removal on a midlatitude rodent community. | historically, small mammals have been focal organisms for studying predator-prey dynamics, principally because of interest in explaining the drivers of the cyclical dynamics exhibited by northern vole, lemming, and hare populations. however, many small-mammal species occur at relatively low and fairly stable densities at temperate latitudes, and our understanding of how complex predator assemblages influence the abundance and dynamics of these species is surprisingly limited. in an intact grassl ... | 2010 | 21302842 |
| oestrus and induced ovulation in montane voles. | | 2016 | 4858275 |
| phenolic plant compounds functioning as reproductive inhibitors in microtus montanus. | naturally occurring cinnamic acids and their related vinylphenols were found to inhibit reproductive function in microtus montanus. when fed on these compounds, the rodents exhibited decreased uterine weight, inhibition of follicular development, and a cessation of breeding activity. it is suggested that these animals utilize plant compounds as a cue to terminate their reproductive effort in natural populations. | 1981 | 319531 |
| ectoparasites of microtus californicus and possible emergence of an exotic ixodes species tick in california. | california voles (microtus californicus peale) harbor fleas and ticks, may be infected with vector-borne pathogens, and could themselves suffer from disease and serve as a source of infection for people and other animals. here we summarize publications, museum archives, and recent records of ticks and fleas from california voles. there have been 18 flea species reported on california voles with geographic locations reported for 13. during recent statewide surveys, we found six flea species, with ... | 2015 | 26336217 |
| factors determining the abundance and distribution of rodents in a shrub-steppe ecosystem: the role of shrubs. | this study addressed the relative importances of shrub "resources" on a rodent community in a sagebrush dominated shrub-steppe ecosystem in southwestern wyoming. direct effects of shrubs (i.e., providing rodents with "food and cover") were assessed by removing shrubs from a 1.25 ha study plot and monitoring both rodent populations and their food resources. shrub architecture and shrub-related food resources were found to be unimportant to deermice (peromyscus maniculatus), great basin pocket mic ... | 1983 | 28310227 |
| differential rates of sister chromatid exchanges between euchromatin and heterochromatin. | in two rodent species, the chinese hamster and the montane vole (microtus montanus), the rate of sister chromatid exchange was lower in constitutive heterochromatin than in euchromatin. | 1976 | 793794 |
| aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during activity in small rodents. | analysis of oxygen consumption and lactic acid formation during five minutes of maximal activity by the rodents microtus montanus (cricetidae) and dipodomys merriami (hetermyidae) indicates that: (1) anaerobiosis provides approximately 10% of total energy utilized during the 5-minute activity period; (2) anaerobiosis may account for as much as one-third of total energy utilized during the first 30 seconds of activity. in addition, these data indicate at least one species of lizard may be capable ... | 1979 | 381568 |
| comparison of release devices for stoat (mustela ermined) semiochemicals used as montane vole (microtus montanus) repellents. | fenced enclosures were used to simulate peak populations of montane voles (microtus montanus) for field bioassays of a stoat (mustela erminea) scent mixture in various controlled-release devices. a 1∶ 1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane was dispensed in capillary tubes, clay pellets (activated alumina), rubber septa, and plastic rope. release devices were placed near, or attached to, young apple trees planted in blocks in two enclosures containing high populations of voles. ... | 1990 | 24263608 |
| use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores : iii. montane and meadow voles (microtus montanus andmicrotus pennsylvanicus). | this study investigated the influence of the major anal-gland compounds from the stoat (mustela erminea) and fecal and urine compounds from the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in generating an avoidance response by montane voles (microtus montanus), as well as suppressing feeding by montane and meadow (m. pennsylvanicus) voles on apple trees in orchards. in trap bioassays, a 1∶1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane significantly reduced vole captures. other mixtures of stoat compounds ... | 1988 | 24277015 |
| the development of social preferences in the voles microtus montanus and microtus canicaudus: effects of cross-fostering. | | 1978 | 358961 |
| duplication and population dynamics shape historic patterns of selection and genetic variation at the major histocompatibility complex in rodents. | genetic variation at the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is vitally important for wildlife populations to respond to pathogen threats. as natural populations can fluctuate greatly in size, a key issue concerns how population cycles and bottlenecks that could reduce genetic diversity will influence mhc genes. using 454 sequencing, we characterized genetic diversity at the drb class ii locus in montane voles (microtus montanus), a north american rodent that regularly undergoes high-amplitud ... | 2013 | 23789067 |
| crf receptors in the nucleus accumbens modulate partner preference in prairie voles. | recent evidence suggests a role for corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) in the regulation of pair bonding in prairie voles. we have previously shown that monogamous and non-monogamous vole species have dramatically different distributions of crf receptor type 1 (crf(1)) and crf receptor type 2 (crf(2)) in the brain and that crf(1) and crf(2) receptor densities in the nucleus accumbens (nacc) are correlated with social organization. monogamous prairie and pine voles have significantly lower leve ... | 2007 | 17320879 |
| distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin 1 in the vole brain. | brain receptor patterns for the corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) receptors, crf1 and crf2, are dramatically different between monogamous and promiscuous vole species, and crf physiologically regulates pair bonding behavior in the monogamous prairie vole. however, it is uncertain whether species differences also exist in the neuroanatomical distribution of the endogenous ligands for the crf1 and crf2 receptors, such as crf and urocortin-1 (ucn1). we compared the expression of crf and ucn1 in ... | 2006 | 16816534 |
| estrogen receptor-alpha distribution in male rodents is associated with social organization. | it has been hypothesized that site-specific reduction of estrogen receptor-alpha (eralpha) is associated with the expression of male prosocial behaviors. specifically, highly social males are predicted to express significantly lower levels of eralpha than females and less social males in brain regions associated with prosocial behavior including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bst) and the medial amygdala (mea). this hypothesis was tested by comparing eralpha immunoreactivity (ir) in th ... | 2006 | 16374794 |
| genetic response to climatic change: insights from ancient dna and phylochronology. | understanding how climatic change impacts biological diversity is critical to conservation. yet despite demonstrated effects of climatic perturbation on geographic ranges and population persistence, surprisingly little is known of the genetic response of species. even less is known over ecologically long time scales pertinent to understanding the interplay between microevolution and environmental change. here, we present a study of population variation by directly tracking genetic change and pop ... | 2004 | 15361933 |
| cellular mechanisms of social attachment. | pharmacological studies in prairie voles have suggested that the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin play important roles in behaviors associated with monogamy, including affiliation, paternal care, and pair bonding. our laboratory has investigated the cellular and neuroendocrine mechanisms by which these peptides influence affiliative behavior and social attachment in prairie voles. monogamous prairie voles have a higher density of oxytocin receptors in the nucleus accumbens than do nonmonog ... | 2001 | 11534973 |
| ontogeny of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in the forebrain of prairie and montane voles. | brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) plays an important role in normal brain development. in the present study, we examined the ontogenetic pattern of bdnf gene expression in both monogamous prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster) and promiscuous montane voles (m. montanus); two closely related microtine rodents that differ in life strategy and social behavior. in both species, bdnf mrna showed an early appearance and a transient expression in a regionally specific manner. in the dentate gyrus ... | 2001 | 11287064 |
| increased affiliative response to vasopressin in mice expressing the v1a receptor from a monogamous vole. | arginine vasopressin influences male reproductive and social behaviours in several vertebrate taxa through its actions at the v1a receptor in the brain. the neuroanatomical distribution of vasopressin v1a receptors varies greatly between species with different forms of social organization. here we show that centrally administered arginine vasopressin increases affiliative behaviour in the highly social, monogamous prairie vole, but not in the relatively asocial, promiscuous montane vole. molecul ... | 1999 | 10466725 |
| ontogeny of oxytocin and vasopressin receptor binding in the lateral septum in prairie and montane voles. | adult prairie (microtus ochrogaster) and montane voles (m. montanus) differ in the distribution of oxytocin (ot) and vasopressin (avp) receptor binding in the brain. the present study examined the ontogenetic pattern of these receptor bindings in the lateral septum in both species to determine whether adult differences in the receptor binding are derived from a common pattern in development. in both species, ot and avp receptor binding in the lateral septum were detected neonatally, increased du ... | 1997 | 9466721 |
| gene targeting approaches to neuroendocrinology: oxytocin, maternal behavior, and affiliation. | transgenic technology affords exciting new opportunities in the field of behavioral neuroendocrinology. we have extended our research into the behavioral function of oxytocin in maternal and social behavior using two transgenic approaches: (i) targeted deletion of the oxytocin gene in mice and (ii) augmented oxytocin receptor expression in the brain. mice genetically deficient in oxytocin can mate, give birth, and display normal maternal behavior; however, milk ejection and certain aspects of so ... | 1997 | 9213136 |
| species differences in vasopressin receptor binding are evident early in development: comparative anatomic studies in prairie and montane voles. | monogamous prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster) and promiscuous montane voles (microtus montanus) exhibit remarkable differences in the distribution of vasopressin (avp) receptors in the adult brain. this difference in receptor distribution is associated with species differences in the behaviors, including pair bond formation and paternal care, found selectively in the monogamous vole. to investigate a potential mechanism for this species difference in avp receptors, the present study examined t ... | 1997 | 9034909 |
| developmental changes in forebrain vasopressin receptor binding in prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster) and montane voles (microtus montanus). | | 1997 | 9071385 |
| mating in the monogamous male: behavioral consequences. | in monogamous mammals, males typically show selective affiliation with a single mate, high levels of paternal care, and aggression towards conspecifics to protect male and offspring. we have previously described how selective aggression and affiliation increase after mating in the male prairie vole, microtus ochrogaster. the current studies further explored the behavioral changes that follow mating in the male of this species. the first set of experiments tested males on several behavioral measu ... | 1995 | 7777594 |
| patterns of brain vasopressin receptor distribution associated with social organization in microtine rodents. | central vasopressin pathways have been implicated in the mediation of paternal behavior, selective aggression, and affiliation in monogamous prairie voles. here we demonstrate markedly different patterns of brain vasopressin receptor binding in the monogamous prairie vole and the congeneric nonmonogamous (promiscuous) montane vole. vasopressin binding was assessed with both 3h-vasopressin and 125i-sarc-avp using receptor autoradiography. the specificity of binding was consistent with a v1a recep ... | 1994 | 8083743 |
| conspecific odor preferences in montane voles (microtus montanus): effects of sexual experience. | sexually naive male and female montane voles (microtus montanus) were tested in a two-choice odor preference situation. females, but not males, spent more time investigating bedding soiled by a conspecific of the other sex than clean, unsoiled bedding. both naive females and males spent more time near male-soiled rather than female-soiled bedding. males with extensive monogamous sexual experience exhibited a preference for female-soiled bedding when the comparison stimulus was clean bedding but ... | 1994 | 7938247 |
| comparisons of nipple attachment and incisor growth among four species of voles (microtus). | patterns of nipple attachment and incisor growth were compared between four species of voles (microtus). offspring of two highly social species, prairie voles (m. ochrogaster) and pine voles (m. pinetorum), were shown to cling tightly to the nipples of their dams on days 2, 6, and 10. this pattern contrasted to weak nipple attachment displayed by two less-social species, meadow voles (m. pennsylvanicus) and montane voles (m. montanus). lengths of the upper (maxillary) and lower (mandibular) inci ... | 1994 | 7926283 |
| affiliative behavior in different species of voles (microtus). | data were collected on the huddling behavior of pine voles, microtus pinetorum, and meadow voles, m. pennsylvanicus, to supplement earlier data on prairie voles and montane voles. species that are social/monogamous in the field tended to huddle more in the laboratory. contact proneness may be one factor driving different mating systems in the field. | 1993 | 8451367 |
| oxytocin and complex social behavior: species comparisons. | the neurohypophyseal peptide hormone oxytocin functions as a neuropeptide in several brain areas in addition to its role as a posterior pituitary hormone. several studies have determined significant differences in patterns of oxytocin receptor binding in the brains of two closely related species of vole. one of the defining features of these two species is remarkably different reproductive behavior strategies. the prairie vole forms long-term monogamous relationships; the montane vole is polygam ... | 1993 | 8121969 |
| estrus induction in four species of voles (microtus). | male-induced estrus was examined in montane (microtus montanus), meadow (m. pennsylvanicus), prairie (m. ochrogaster), and pine (m. pinetorum) voles. duration of male contact needed for receptivity, effects of parity, and vaginal cytology were assessed. among nulliparous females, montane voles attained receptivity with less male contact than prairie voles. meadow and pine voles showed very low receptivity rates. among parous females, montane and meadow voles did not differ in duration of male co ... | 1992 | 1451419 |
| differences in affiliative behavior, pair bonding, and vaginal cytology in two species of vole (microtus ochrogaster and m. montanus). | prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster) and montane voles (m. montanus) display marked differences in social organization in the field. trios of 1 male and 2 females were studied in a large enclosure for a 10-day period. prairie voles spent 59% of the observation time in side-by-side contact, whereas montane voles spent only 7% of the time in contact. vaginal smears indicated female-female suppression of estrus in prairie voles; female montane voles appeared to cycle in the presence of males. male ... | 1990 | 2225765 |
| infant's response to social separation reflects adult differences in affiliative behavior: a comparative developmental study in prairie and montane voles. | as part of a comparative study of affiliative behavior, pups of two different vole species, microtus ochrogaster (prairie voles) and m. montanus (montane voles), were compared for their responses to social isolation during the first 2 weeks of postnatal life. previous studies have demonstrated that under both laboratory and field conditions, adult prairie voles show higher levels of affiliation than adult montane voles, although the species closely resemble each other morphologically. in the cur ... | 1990 | 2253816 |
| reproductive responses of male microtus montanus to photoperiod, melatonin, and 6-mboa. | juvenile male microtus montanus were examined for the effects of photoperiod, melatonin, and the naturally occurring reproductive stimulant 6-mboa on growth and sexual maturation. 6-mboa, present in sprouting grass, is an important environmental cue used for the initiation of reproduction in natural populations of this species. long photoperiod (16:8) was stimulatory to body, testes, and seminal vesicle growth, while short photoperiod (8:16) inhibited these parameters. the pineal hormone melaton ... | 1990 | 2203893 |
| affiliative behavior in voles: effects of morphine, naloxone, and cross-fostering. | species differences in affiliative behavior were examined in prairie and montane voles. unfamiliar male-female pairs were placed in a test-cage for 2 hr and side-by-side huddling was recorded during the third hour. prairie vole pairs spent a mean of 31.2 minutes in contact whereas montane voles were in contact only 1.3 minutes. in order to examine the effects of experience on affiliative differences, pups of each species were cross-fostered. fostered prairie vole parents did not survive longer t ... | 1989 | 2557648 |
| a comparative study of rodent ultrasonic vocalizations during copulation. | the temporal patterning of ultrasonic vocalizations (usvs) during copulation was recorded for male-female pairs of djungarian hamsters (phodopus campbelli), prairie voles (microtus ochrogaster), and montane voles (microtus montanus). each species appears to utilize a single major frequency band for usvs, centered around 31 khz for the vole species and 71 khz for hamsters. djungarian hamsters exhibited low rates of usvs prior to introduction of the female and following ejaculation, but a high usv ... | 1989 | 2649070 |
| activity of castrated male voles: rhythms of responses to testosterone replacement. | male microtus montanus are reported to decrease nocturnality in the absence o testosterone (t). castrated male voles, housed in activity wheels under ld 16:8, received 21 daily injections of either 0, 30, 60, or 120 micrograms t at either 2 hours after lights on midlight, 2 hours before lights off, or middark. significant increase in both nocturnality and total activity occurred only in response to t administration at midlight and 2 hours before lights off. for increasing nocturnality, animals w ... | 1989 | 2657818 |
| intestinal parasites of small mammals from grand teton national park. | a study of the prevalence and identity of giardia spp. in small mammals of grand teton national park was undertaken. all 90 montane voles examined were positive for giardia, as were 4 pocket gophers, 1 water shrew, 4 water voles, and 2 meadow voles. how and why these findings contrast with the findings of others are discussed. | 1988 | 3282051 |
| novel, species-typical esters from preputial glands of sympatric voles,microtus montanus andm. pennsylvanicus. | olfactory signals may facilitate species recognition between the sympatric voles,microtus montanus andm. pennsylvanicus. in an effort to isolate and identify compounds that might contribute to such a chemical communication system, the preputial glands of those voles have been examined. morphological examinations show both vole species possess preputial glands; however, the glands ofm. montanus are much larger than those ofm. pennsylvanicus. gas chromatographie analysis revealed that the preputia ... | 1988 | 24277001 |
| a mathematical analysis of small mammal populations. | populations of microtus montanus, the montane vole, have been extensively studied. it is known that their reproductive activity is closely linked to the availability of the chemicals in growing plants. we use a mathematical model here to study how the length of the vegetative season and the natural reproduction rhythm of voles are involved in the long term dynamics of the population numbers. in particular, we use data obtained from timpie springs, utah, and from jackson hole, wyoming, to formula ... | 1987 | 3305751 |
| effects of inducer pretreatment on liver function and morphology in the mountain vole microtus montanus. | liver function and morphology of the mountain vole, microtus montanus, were examined after i.p. injections of phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, or aroclor 1254 at three dose levels. the results of the liver function tests showed serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and serum malathion carboxylesterase activities were normal in all the treatment groups. the histological results showed no necrotic tissue but did reveal two different morphological stages related to the level of monooxygenase activ ... | 1987 | 2882929 |
| maternal transfer of photoperiodic information influences the photoperiodic response of prepubertal djungarian hamsters (phodopus sungorus sungorus). | daylengths during the spring are repeated in reverse order in the autumn. for some photoperiodic species, a given photoperiod may be stimulatory for reproduction in the spring and inhibitory in the autumn. the mechanisms regulating this type of seasonal response have, until recently, remained a mystery. horton (1984a) showed in microtus montanus that the photoperiod experienced by the mother influences the gonadal development of her young after weaning. to determine if this phenomenon is charact ... | 1986 | 3708050 |
| seasonal variations in activity rhythms of male voles: mediation by gonadal hormones. | adult male microtus montanus were castrated or sham-castrated and housed under 16 hours of light (ld 16:8). castrates showed increased preference for diurnal and decreased preference for nocturnal activity compared to shams. castrates showed a trend toward increased crepuscular preference. shams showed more total activity than castrates. longterm castrates (under ld 8:16) displaying either predominantly diurnal or crepuscular activity were implanted with either empty silastic capsules or capsule ... | 1986 | 3534916 |
| effects of varying inducer type and dose on hepatic monooxygenase activities in the mountain vole microtus montanus. | hepatic monooxygenase activities of the mountain vole, microtus montanus, were measured after i.p. injections of phenobarbital, b-naphthoflavone and aroclor 1254 at doses ranging from 5 to 80 mg/kg. the results showed that mountain voles differed in their induction of hepatic monooxygenase activity relative to other rodents. the results also suggest substrate specificity in the detection of enzymatic induction and the importance of considering effects of varying inducer doses on hepatic monooxyg ... | 1986 | 2879697 |