| comparative descriptions of the pupae of five species of the culicoides imicola complex (diptera, ceratopogonidae) from south africa. | the viruses causing the economically important livestock diseases of african horse sickness (ahs) and bluetongue (bt) are transmitted by biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera, ceratopogonidae). in the old world the most important vectors of these diseases are culicoides imicola kieffer, 1913, culicoides brevitarsis kieffer, 1917 and culicoides bolitinos meiswinkel, 1989. all three of these vectors belong to the imicola complex of the subgenus avaritia fox, 1955. this species complex now ... | 2007 | 17883197 |