| intestinal trematodes infecting humans in korea. | sixteen species of intestinal trematodes have been recovered from humans in korea. they include 10 species of the family heterophyidae (metagonimus yokogawai, m. takahashii, heterophyes nocens, h. heterophyes, h. dispar, heterophyopsis continua, pygidiopsis summa, stellantchasmus falcatus, centrocestus armatus, and stictodora fuscatum); one species of diplostomidae (fibricola seoulensis); three species of echinostomatidae (echinostoma hortense, e. cinetorchis, and echinochasmus japonicus); one s ... | 1991 | 1822879 |
| oysters, crasostrea gigas, as the second intermediate host of gymnophalloides seoi (gymnophallidae). | gymnophalloides seoi has drawn medical attentions since the discovery of the first human case and a highly endemic area on a southwestern coastal island of shinangun, korea. marine bivalves especially oysters were strongly suspected as the source of infection. in this study the oysters, crassostrea gigas, naturally produced from the endemic area were examined whether they contain gymnophallid metacercariae. all of 50 oysters examined were infected with the metacercariae of a gymnophallid, with t ... | 1995 | 7735781 |
| two cases of gymnophalloides seoi infection accompanied by diabetes mellitus. | gymnophalloides seoi, a new intestinal trematode of humans transmitted by oysters on a southwestern island of korea, drew medical attentions because of its possible relationship with evoking pancreatitis or other pancreatic diseases. we experienced two interesting cases of g. seoi infection who were accompanied with diabetes mellitus. in routine stool examination, eggs of a gymnophallid were detected from two patients, and after treatment with praziquantel and purgation, 772 and 10 adult flukes ... | 1995 | 7735787 |
| high prevalence of gymnophalloides seoi infection in a village on a southwestern island of the republic of korea. | gymnophalloides seoi (digenea: gymnophallidae), a new human intestinal trematode reported from a korean woman who complained of epigastric discomfort, has been shown to be highly prevalent among the villagers of a southwestern island of the republic of korea. for the detection of human infections, fecal examinations were conducted on the inhabitants of a seashore village, where the first patient with a g. seoi infection had resided. of 98 inhabitants examined, 70 (71.4%) were infected with vario ... | 1994 | 7943545 |
| the first discovery of an endemic focus of heterophyes nocens (heterophyidae) infection in korea. | a highly endemic focus of human infection with heterophyes nocens (heterophyidae) was discovered from a small coastal village of shinan-gun, chollanam-do, for the first time in korea. fecal examinations by cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques revealed 42.9% heterophyid egg positive rate out of 98 inhabitants examined. it was difficult to confirm the species of heterophyids only by eggs. in order to collect the adult flukes, the egg positive cases were treated with 1 ... | 1994 | 7953240 |
| gymnophalloides seoi n. sp. (digenea: gymnophallidae), the first report of human infection by a gymnophallid. | gymnophalloides seoi n. sp. (digenea: gymnophallidae) is described from worms expelled from a naturally infected women in korea. the patient, a 66-yr-old housewife, experienced severe epigastric discomfort, and fecal examination revealed numerous parasite eggs of 0.019-0.021 x 0.014-0.016 mm. after anthelmintic treatment and purgation, 952 digeneans consisting of 910 adult gymnophallids and 42 heterophyids (2 species) were recovered. the gymnophallid flukes closely resemble gymnophalloides tokie ... | 1993 | 8410538 |
| tem ultrastructure of the tegumental layer of gymnophalloides seoi (digenea: gymnophallidae). | a transmission electron microscopic study was performed on the ultrastructure of the tegumental layer of gymnophalloides seoi (digenea: gymnophallidae) metacercariae and adults. the metacercariae were obtained from naturally infected oysters, crassostrea gigas, and the adults from experimentally infected c3h mice. the tegumental layer generally revealed a small number of foldings, numerous small vacuoles, sines, and muscle bundles. beneath the muscle layer, nuclei of the tegumental cells were lo ... | 1995 | 8528622 |
| four new gymnophallid digeneans from rice rats, willets, and molluscs in florida. | gymnophalloides heardi n. sp. differs from gymnophalloides tokiensis fujita, 1925 and gymnophalloides seoi lee et al., 1993 in the smaller body size, presence of a single, lobed vitellarium, and elongate seminal vesicle. in contrast with other gymnophallid digeneans that utilize avian and bivalve hosts, g. heardi is the first species to be reported from a rodent oryzomys palustris (harlan); its second intermediate host is a pulmonate gastropod, melampus bidentatus (l.). three gymnophallid specie ... | 1995 | 8544066 |
| surface ultrastructure of metacercaria and adult of gymnophalloides seoi (digenea: gymnophallidae). | the surface ultrastructure of metacercariae and adults of gymnophalloides seoi, the only known gymnophallid infecting humans, was observed by scanning electron microscopy. metacercariae were ovoid or pyriform in shape and slightly concave ventrally. the oral sucker had two sizes of type i papillae, small and large, encircling its lip. type i papillae were arranged in a row on both side of the body. the ventral pit had several type i papillae on its inner surface. the ventral sucker was covered w ... | 1995 | 8591006 |
| effects of gamma-irradiation on the survival and development of gymnophalloides seoi in c3h mice. | an experimental study was carried out to observe the effects of radiation on the infectivity of metacercariae of gymnophalloides seoi to c3h mice. oysters, the second intermediate host, were collected from an endemic area, and non-irradiated control, metacercaria-irradiation, and oyster-irradiation groups were prepared. one hundred metacercariae were infected orally to each mouse, and worm recovery rate was compared by groups at 7th day post-infection. in the metacercaria-irradiation group, the ... | 1996 | 8820738 |
| a nationwide survey of naturally produced oysters for infection with gymnophalloides seoi metacercariae. | a nationwide survey was performed to know the geographical distribution of gymnophalloides seoi (digenea: gymnophallidae) metacercariae in korea, by examining the infection status of locally produced oysters, crassostrea gigas. a total of 24 coastal areas (myons) of 14 guns ( = counties) in kyonggi-do, chollabuk-do, chollanam-do, kyongsangnam-do, kyongsangbuk-do, or kangwon-do, where natural oysters are produced but g. seoi has never been reported, and 13 areas (myons) of shinan-gun, chollanam-d ... | 1996 | 8925242 |
| in vitro cultivation of gymnophalloides seoi metacercariae (digenea:gymnophallidae). | gymnophalloides seoi is a human intestinal trematode prevalent on southwestern islands in korea. in the present study, we investigated whether g. seoi metacercariae can grow and develop into adults by in vitro cultivation. the metacercariae were obtained from naturally infected oysters, and cultured in vitro for 5 days under three conditions; 37 degrees c/5% co2, 41 degrees c/8% co2, or 41 degrees c/5% co2, in nctc 109 complete media containing 20% fbs and 1% antibiotics-antimycotics. the degree ... | 1997 | 9100436 |
| susceptibility of various species of animals and strains of mice to gymnophalloides seoi infection and the effects of immunosuppression in c3h/hen mice. | susceptibility to gymnophalloides seoi infection was studied in 8 species of animals, including 7 strains of mice; the effects of immunosuppression on susceptibility were examined in c3h/hen mice. one hundred metacercariae of g. seoi isolated from naturally infected oysters were orally administered to each animal. worm recovery rate (wrr), worm dimensions, and the number of uterine eggs were obtained at day 3 and day 7 postinfection (pi). average wrr from gerbils, hamsters, and cats at day 7 pi ... | 1997 | 9379293 |
| a new endemic focus of heterophyes nocens, pygidiopsis summa, and other intestinal flukes in a coastal area of muan-gun, chollanam-do. | a small coastal village of muan-gun, chollanam-do, was surveyed for intestinal fluke infections, especially heterophyids such as heterophyes nocens and pygidiopsis summa by fecal examination on 108 inhabitants. the egg positive rate of heterophyids was very high, 75.0%, and that of other parasites was comparatively low, 0.9-3.7% by parasite species. after treatment of 20 patients showing high e.p.g. with praziquantel and purging with mgso4, total 3,864 specimens of h. nocens were collected from ... | 1997 | 9446903 |
| purification and characterization of a 16-kda cysteine proteinase of gymnophalloides seoi (gymnophallidae) metacercariae. | gymnophalloides seoi, a new human intestinal trematode transmitted by oysters, is highly prevalent in southwestern coastal areas of korea. the aim of this preliminary study was to acquire an understanding of the pathogenesis of g. seoi infection, and, to this end, we followed 2 consecutive steps, sephacryl s-300 hr and cm-trisacryl m chromatography, to purifiy a 16-kda proteinase from crude extract of g. seoi metacercariae. enzyme activities were completely inhibited by l-trans-epoxysuccinylleuc ... | 1998 | 9576510 |
| isolation and characterization of a 40 kda cysteine protease from gymnophalloides seoi adult worms. | a 40 kda cysteine protease was purified from the crude extract of adult worms of gymnophalloides seoi by two consecutive steps: sephacryl s-200 hr and deae-sephacel chromatography. enzyme activities were completely inhibited by cysteine protease inhibitors. l-trans-epoxysuccinylleucylamido (4-guanidino) butane (e-64) and iodoacetic acid, strongly suggesting that the purified enzyme belongs to the cysteine family of proteases. the enzyme was maximally active at ph 4.5 in 0.1 m of buffer, and its ... | 1998 | 9637831 |
| two endemic foci of heterophyids and other intestinal fluke infections in southern and western coastal areas in korea. | two endemic foci of heterophyid infections were discovered in coastal villages of puan-gun, chollabuk-do, and sachon-gun. kyongsangnam-do, korea. fecal examinations were performed on 153 inhabitants of puan-gun and 138 of sachon-gun, using cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation technique. the helminth egg and/or protozoan cyst positive rate was 21.5% (33/153) in puan-gun and 39.1% (54/138) in sachon-gun. in puan-gun, the egg positive rate of heterophyids was the highest, 17.6%, ... | 1998 | 9755586 |
| discovery of gymnophalloides seoi metacercariae in oysters from islands of the west sea known as the habitats of paleartic oystercatchers. | an epidemiological survey was performed to know the infection status of oysters with gymnophalloides seoi metacercariae in 7 islands of the west sea known as the habitat of paleartic oystercatchers, haematopus ostralegus osculans, in korea. the surveyed areas were aphaedo (shinan-gun, chollanam-do), jangjado, sonyudo and munyodo (okdo-myon, kunsan-shi, chollabuk-do), yubudo (changhang-up, sochon-gun chungchongnam-do), and polumdo and chumoondo (sodo-myon, kangwha-gun. inchonshi). the oysters col ... | 1998 | 9755587 |
| growth and development of gymnophalloides seoi in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed c3h/hen mice. | the growth and development of gymnophalloides seoi were studied in c3h/hen mice and effects of immunosuppression of the host on the worm development were observed. two hundred metacercariae of g. seoi were orally administered to each mouse, and worms were recovered on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 post-infection (pi). the worm recovery rate was significantly higher in immunosuppressed (imsp) mice than in immunocompetent (imct) mice except on days 1 and 3 pi. the worms attained sexual maturity by da ... | 1999 | 10188379 |
| the palearctic oystercatcher haematopus ostralegus, a natural definitive host for gymnophalloides seoi. | in order to verify the role of migrating birds as natural definitive hosts for gymnophalloides seoi (gymnophallidae), palearctic oystercatchers, haematopus ostralegus, were caught from several western coastal areas in the republic of korea and examined for intestinal flukes. five (71.4%) of 7 oystercatchers were infected with 302-1,660 (mean 892) adult g. seoi. in intestinal sections of the host, worms were found in the intervillous space of the mucosal layer. we conclude that the oystercatcher ... | 2000 | 10780567 |
| persistent endemicity of gymnophalloides seoi infection in a southwestern coastal village of korea with special reference to its egg laying capacity in the human host. | follow-up studies have been conducted every three years on the endemicity of gymnophalloides seoi infection in a small coastal village of chollanam-do (province), korea, since it was first known as an endemic area in 1994. special attention was given to its egg laying capacity in the human host. in fecal examinations, the overall helminth egg and/or cyst positive rate was 78.7% (74/94) in 1997 and 76.6% (82/107) in 2000. among them g. seoi eggs showed the highest rate; 71.3% (67/94) in 1997 and ... | 2000 | 10905065 |
| partial characterization of a 17 kda protein of clonorchis sinensis. | a 17 kda protein from clonorchis sinensis adults was purified by a procedure including sephacryl s-200 hr gel filtration and q-sepharose anion exchange chromatography. the protein was proved to be a cysteine protease as it showed hydrolytic activity toward cbz-phe-arg-amc in the presence of dithiothreitol and was inhibited by specific inhibitors such as iodoacetic acid or trans epoxy-succinly-l-leucyl-amido(4-guanidino) butane. the polyclonal antibody raised against the protein reacted to 17 kda ... | 2000 | 10905071 |
| a nationwide survey of the prevalence of human gymnophalloides seoi infection on western and southern coastal islands in the republic of korea. | a nationwide survey was performed to know the distribution and prevalence of human gymnophalloides seoi infection on western and southern coastal islands in the republic of korea. a total of 4,178 fecal specimens were collected from residents on 45 (24 western and 21 southern) islands, and examined by kato-katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. eggs of g. seoi were detected from 160 (3.8%) people living on 22 (13 western and 9 southern) islands. the prevalence varied by the location o ... | 2001 | 11301587 |
| intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of gymnophalloides seoi in experimentally infected mice. | the intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of gymnophalloides seoi (digenea: gymnophallidae) were studied using c3h/hen and c57bl/6 mice as experimental hosts; the effects of immunosuppression were also observed. the metacercariae isolated from naturally infected oysters, 300 or 1,000 in number, were infected orally to each mouse, and the mice were killed at days 3-21 post-infection (pi). in immunocompetent (ic) mice, only a small number of flukes were found in the mucosa of the duodenum ... | 2001 | 11301588 |
| susceptibility of avian hosts to experimental gymnophalloides seoi infection. | to determine whether avian species are susceptible to infection with gymnophalloides seoi (a human-infecting intestinal trematode), we exposed 7 species of birds with metacercariae obtained from oysters. the birds were necropsied at days 2, 4, and 6 postinfection (pi). the highest worm recovery at day 6 pi was obtained from the kentish plover (charadrius alexandrinus; mean = 56.0%), followed by the mongolian plover (c. mongolus; 49.3%), and the grey plover (pluvialis squatarola; 32.3%). in contr ... | 2001 | 11318587 |
| a review of gymnophalloides seoi (digenea: gymnophallidae) and human infections in the republic of korea. | studies on gymnophalloides seoi (digenea: gymnophallidae) and human infections are briefly reviewed. this minute intestinal fluke was first discovered from a korean woman suffering from acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal troubles. it was described as a new species by lee, chai and hong in 1993. the southwestern coastal village where the patient resided was found to be a highly endemic area, and additional endemic areas have been identified. the parasite is very small, 0.33-0.50 mm long and ... | 2001 | 11441510 |
| food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the republic of korea. | a total of 19 species of food-borne intestinal trematodes have been reported in humans in the republic of korea. they include 12 species of the heterophyidae, metagonimus yokogawai, m. takahashii, m. miyatai, heterophyes nocens, h. heterophyes (imported), h. dispar (imported), heterophyopsis continua, pygidiopsis summa, stellantchasmus falcatus, centrocestus armatus, stictodora fuscata, and s. lari; four species of the echinostomatidae, echinostoma hortense, e. cinetorchis, echinochasmus japonic ... | 2002 | 12113752 |
| gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode. | a new minute intestinal fluke, recovered from a korean woman suffering from acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal difficulties, was described as gymnophalloides seoi. the coastal village where the patient resided was found to be a highly endemic area for this fluke, and 24 other endemic areas have been found. this fluke infection is now recognized as an emerging parasitic disease. its second intermediate host is the oyster, and migrating birds are a natural definitive host. this new trematode ... | 2003 | 12643990 |
| role of intestinal goblet cells in the expulsion of gymnophalloides seoi from mice. | role of intestinal goblet cells (gcs) in the expulsion of gymnophalloides seoi was studied using 4 strains of mice, icr, c3h/ hen, balb/c, and c57bl/6, after infection with 200 metacercariae isolated from oysters. on day 7 postinfection (pi), significantly higher (p < 0.05) worm recovery rates (wrrs) were observed in icr (29.5 +/- 12.0%) and c3h/hen (14.8 +/- 8.2%) than in balb/c (5.7 +/- 5.3%) and c57bl/6 (0.8 +/- 1.1%) mice. alteration of the gc mucins was marked in c57bl/6 mice. on day 14 pi, ... | 2003 | 14627167 |
| parasitic infections in hiv-infected patients who visited seoul national university hospital during the period 1995-2003. | the prevalence of parasitic infections was investigated in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients (n = 105) who visited seoul national university hospital, seoul, korea, during the period from 1995 to 2003. fecal samples were collected from 67 patients for intestinal parasite examinations, and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 60 patients for examination of pneumocystis carinii. both samples were obtained from 22 patients. thirty-three (31.4%) of the 105 were found to h ... | 2005 | 15793352 |
| a case of colonic lymphoid tissue invasion by gymnophalloides seoi in a korean man. | a 65-year old korean man, living in mokpo-city, jeollanam-do, republic of korea, visited a local clinic complaining of right upper quadrant pain and indigestion. at colonoscopy, he was diagnosed as having a carcinoma of the ascending colon, and thus, a palliative right hemicolectomy was performed. subsequently, an adult fluke of gymnophalloides seoi was incidentally found in a surgical pathology specimen of the lymph node around the colon. the worm was found to have invaded gut lymphoid tissue, ... | 2006 | 16514288 |
| prevalence of gymnophalloides seoi infection in coastal villages of haenam-gun and yeongam-gun, republic of korea. | one coastal village in haenam-gun and two in yeongam-gun, jeollanam-do were surveyed for intestinal parasite infections by fecal examination. the egg positive rates of gymnophalloides seoi were high, 24.1% (14/58) in haenam-gun and 9.3% (11/118) in yeongam-gun. the egg positive rates of heterophyids, including heterophyes nocens, and of clonorchis sinensis were 10.3% and 6.9% in haenam-gun, and 14.4% and 8.5% in yeongam-gun, respectively. after praziquantel treatment and purgation, a total of 37 ... | 2006 | 16514291 |
| a new endemic focus of heterophyes nocens and other heterophyid infections in a coastal area of gangjin-gun, jeollanam-do. | to know the prevalence of heterophyid trematodes among inhabitants of a southern coastal village, i.e., sacho-ri, gangjin-gun, jeollanam-do (province), 82 stool samples were examined on helminth eggs and protozoan cysts using kato-katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. total 33 people (40.2%) were positive for trematodes (heterophyes nocens 15 people, pygidiopsis summa 3, metagonimus sp.; 4, clonorchis sinensis 7, gymnophalloides seoi 6) and/or protozoa (entamoeba coli 3). among intes ... | 2007 | 17374976 |
| a new endemic focus of gymnophalloides seoi infection on aphae island, shinan-gun, jeollanam-do. | a new endemic focus of gymnophalloides seoi infection has been discovered on aphae island (shinangun, jeollanam-do), republic of korea. this area, which is referred to as bokyong-ri, is a small seashore village located in the northern portion of the island. fecal samples were collected from a total of 57 residents and examined by the kato-katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. helminth eggs were detected in 37 samples (64.9%); 33 samples were positive for g. seoi eggs (57.9%), 4 for p ... | 2007 | 17374977 |
| gymnophalloides seoi eggs from the stool of a 17th century female mummy found in hadong, republic of korea. | it was previously reported that paleoparasitological clues for parasites infecting humans could be found in the feces of mummies of the joseon dynasty (1392-1910) in the republic of korea. here, we report the presence of trematode eggs, including clonorchis sinensis, metagonimus yokogawai, and gymnophalloides seoi (a human parasite known in korea since 1993) in the feces of a recently excavated female mummy in hadong, republic of korea. this is the first report of the discovery of a g. seoi infe ... | 2008 | 18564747 |
| scanning electron microscope study of ancient parasite eggs recovered from korean mummies of the joseon dynasty. | we have previously shown that parasite eggs have been identified in the coprolites of korean mummies. these eggs have shed light on parasitic infection patterns in korean populations living several hundred years ago. we conducted a scanning electron microscopy (sem) study on ancient trichuris trichiura, ascaris lumbricoides, metagonimus yokogawai, paragonimus westermani, and gymnophalloides seoi eggs recovered from korean mummies of the joseon dynasty. we anticipated that the taphonomic conditio ... | 2009 | 18601576 |
| cd4+ t-cell-dependent goblet cell proliferation and expulsion of gymnophalloides seoi from the intestine of c57bl/6 mice. | mechanisms for the spontaneous worm expulsion from the host intestine are not well understood in gastrointestinal trematode models. we studied the role of cd4+ t-helper cells in mediating goblet cell hyperplasia and expulsion of gymnophalloides seoi from the intestines of c57bl/6 (resistant) and icr (susceptible) mice. c57bl/6 mice expelled all g. seoi worms within 4 days post-infection (pi), while icr mice did not completely expel worms until day 7 pi. this difference in worm expulsion was asso ... | 2009 | 19061302 |
| intestinal helminth infections in feral cats and a raccoon dog on aphaedo island, shinan-gun, with a special note on gymnophalloides seoi infection in cats. | four feral cats and a raccoon dog purchased from a local collector on aphaedo island, shinan-gun, where human gymnophalloides seoi infections are known to be prevalent, were examined for their intestinal helminth parasites. from 2 of 4 cats, a total of 310 adult g. seoi specimens were recovered. other helminths detected in cats included heterophyes nocens (1,527 specimens), pygidiopsis summa (131), stictodora fuscata (4), acanthotrema felis (2), spirometra erinacei (15), toxocarids (4), and a ho ... | 2009 | 19488429 |
| toll-like receptor 2 and muc2 expression on human intestinal epithelial cells by gymnophalloides seoi adult antigen. | goblet cell hyperplasia and mucin hypersecretion are important for the expulsion of the intestinal trematode, gymnophalloides seoi , from mice. however, regulatory mechanisms underlying these processes remain elusive. to better understand the effects of g. seoi antigen on the host's intestinal epithelial cells, we determined whether g. seoi induces expression of toll-like receptors (tlrs) and mucin-related (muc) genes on a human intestinal epithelial cell line (ht29 cells). we treated ht29 cells ... | 2010 | 19737027 |
| foodborne intestinal flukes in southeast asia. | in southeast asia, a total of 59 species of foodborne intestinal flukes have been known to occur in humans. the largest group is the family heterophyidae, which constitutes 22 species belonging to 9 genera (centrocestus, haplorchis, heterophyes, heterophyopsis, metagonimus, procerovum, pygidiopsis, stellantchasmus, and stictodora). the next is the family echinostomatidae, which includes 20 species in 8 genera (artyfechinostomum, acanthoparyphium, echinochasmus, echinoparyphium, echinostoma, epis ... | 2009 | 19885337 |
| epidemiological survey on the infection of intestinal flukes in residents of muan-gun, jeollanam-do, the republic of korea. | infection status of intestinal flukes was investigated in residents of muan-gun, jeollanam-do, the republic of korea. total 1,257 fecal samples of residents were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique and kato-katz thick smear method. helminth eggs were detected from 95 (7.6%) residents, and eggs of heterophyid flukes and clonorchis sinensis were found from 62 (4.9%) and 40 (3.2%) cases, respectively. the larger heterophyid eggs, somewhat dark-brown in color and 37.7 x 21.5 microm in ... | 2010 | 20585529 |
| first report of human infection with gynaecotyla squatarolae and first korean record of haplorchis pumilio in a patient. | gynaecotyla squatarolae (digenea: microphallidae) is a minute intestinal trematode whose natural hosts are aves. we conducted a feces screening survey in a coastal village of muan-gun, where the residents routinely consume brackish water crabs as a food. through this survey, a 50-year-old female was found to shed gymnophallid and heterophyid eggs in her stool, and 845 adult flukes were collected from her purged stool. the adult worms were morphologically grouped into three species. a total of 84 ... | 2010 | 21081175 |