| [herpesvirus epidemic in greek (testudo hermanni) and moorish land tortoises (testudo graeca) in switzerland]. | based on an epidemic in switzerland, the histopathological findings of a viremic herpes infection in spur-tailed and spur-thighed mediterranean land tortoises are described for the first time. horizontal viral transmission has been proved; the vertical transmission is suggested. an impression smear of the tongue enables an early clinical diagnosis. | 1990 | 2163101 |
| mortality of mediterranean tortoises (testudo graeca and testudo hermanni) in pet shops prior to sale. | | 1987 | 3427394 |
| metabolism of 14c-histamine in amphibians (bufo bufo) and reptiles (pseudemys scripta and testudo hermanni). | | 1974 | 4205336 |
| [experimental infection of tortoises of the species testudo graeca and testudo hermanni with salmonella bacteria]. | | 1966 | 4862033 |
| [on the length of time of fecal arizona elimination in land turtles of the species testudo graeca and testudo hermanni]. | | 1965 | 5857510 |
| solvent drag on urea and thiourea across small intestine of testudo hermanni and bufo bufo urinary bladder. | | 1966 | 5968936 |
| [distribution of fecal salmonella and arizona carriers in the free living turtles testudo graeca and testudo hermanni]. | | 1966 | 5991750 |
| [on the characteristics of fecal salmonella carrier state in the land turtle of the species testudo graeca and testudo hermanni]. | | 1966 | 5994746 |
| herpesviruses in tortoises: investigations into virus isolation and the treatment of viral stomatitis in testudo hermanni and t. graeca. | various studies were done during a spontaneous outbreak of stomatitis-rhinitis-complex (mouth rot) in a collection of mediterranean land tortoises (21 testudo hermanni, hermann's tortoises, and three testudo graeca, spur-thighed tortoises) in southern germany. these studies were intended to help diagnose the causative agent, establish a possible diagnostic method in vivo and provide information on the efficacy of aciclovir and ganciclovir against chelonian herpesviruses. thirteen t. hermanni and ... | 1997 | 9323927 |
| isolation and characterization of an iridovirus from hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | a virus was isolated from tissues of 2 diseased hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni) and preliminarily characterized as an iridovirus. this conclusion was based on the presence of inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of infected cells, sensitivity to chloroform, inhibition of virus replication by 5-iodo-2'-desoxyuridine and the size and icosahedral morphology of viral particles. the virus was able to replicate in several reptilian, avian and mammalian cell lines at 28 degrees c, but not at 37 deg ... | 1999 | 10550665 |
| detection of chelonid herpesvirus dna by nonradioactive in situ hybridization in tissues from tortoises suffering from stomatitis-rhinitis complex in europe and north america. | chelonid herpesvirus (chhv) infection in tortoises associated with stomatitis-rhinitis complex is a severe, mostly epizootic disease characterized by proliferative and diphtheroid-necrotizing glossitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, and tracheitis, often occurring with pneumonia and encephalitis. the ul5 gene from a german chhv isolate was used to generate a digoxigenin-labeled 307-base-pair dna probe by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). chhv dna was detected in paraffin-embedded tissues of five natural ... | 2000 | 11055860 |
| oxyuroids of palearctic testudinidae--new definition for alaeuris seurat, 1918 (nematoda: pharyngodonidae) and redescription of alaeuris numidica (seurat, 1918). | the generic diagnosis of alaeuris is emended based on the study and redescription of alaeuris numidica from the cecum of testudo graeca collected in settat, morocco and of testudo hermanni collected in catalonia, spain. scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the papillae previously described as adanal are simple lobes because of the lack of terminal nerves, and that both preanal and postanal papillae are pedunculate. these new findings allowed us to emend the diagnosis of the genus a ... | 2001 | 11227877 |
| redescription of mehdiella microstoma and description of mehdiella petterae sp. n., with a new definition of the genus mehdiella seurat, 1918 (nematoda: pharyngodonidae). | the generic diagnosis of mehdiella seurat, 1918 is emended based on study and redescription of mehdiella microstoma (drasche, 1884) from the caecum of testudo graeca linnaeus, 1758 collected in settat, morocco and on study and description of a new species, mehdiella petterae sp. n., from the large intestine of testudo hermanni (gmelin, 1789) collected in catalonia, spain. scanning electron microscopy (sem) studies revealed substantial differences in the structure of the mouth and the caudal end, ... | 2001 | 11437127 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting herpesvirus exposure in mediterranean tortoises (spur-thighed tortoise [testudo graeca] and hermann's tortoise [testudo hermanni]). | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of antibodies to a herpesvirus associated with an upper respiratory tract disease in mediterranean tortoises [spur-thighed tortoise (testudo graeca) and hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni)]. this serodiagnostic test was validated through a hyperimmunization study. the mean of the a(405) readings of the plasma samples collected at time zero of the hyperimmunization study plus three times the standard deviation was used ... | 2001 | 11526144 |
| virus isolation and vaccination of mediterranean tortoises against a chelonid herpesvirus in a chronically infected population in italy. | a chelonid herpesvirus was isolated from a group of tortoises in italy with a history of increased mortality and upper digestive and respiratory tract disease. the isolated virus was inactivated with formalin and used to prepare a nonadjuvanted vaccine and a vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide. 57 tortoises, 26 testudo hermanni, 25 t. graeca, and 6 t. marginata, were included in the study. the animals were vaccinated 3 times at 45 day intervals. blood was collected from the animals 14 day ... | 2001 | 11599439 |
| epidemiology and biology of nematodofauna affecting testudo hermanni, testudo graeca and testudo marginata in italy. | tortoises of the genus testudo living in italy are testudo hermanni, testudo graeca and testudo marginata. although a great deal of information has been acquired on the internal medicine and surgery on these animals, little is known of their parasitological fauna. a survey on the presence of gastro-intestinal parasitic nematodes in tortoises bred in italy was carried out to acquire extensive epidemiological data. stool samples of 62 tortoises (37 t. hermanni hermanni, 13 t. graeca, 6 t. hermanni ... | 2005 | 16237575 |
| prevalence of hemolivia mauritanica (apicomplexa: adeleina: haemogregarinidae) in natural populations of tortoises of the genus testudo in the east mediterranean region. | hemolivia mauritanica (sergent et sergent, 1904) infections were found in 14% (n= 14) of testudo graeca linnaeus, 1758 tortoises in bulgaria and in 92% (n = 26) of those in turkey. hemolivia mauritanica-like gametocytes were found in 81% (n = 47) of wild testudo marginata schoepff, 1792 tortoises in greece. parasitaemia intensity (the percentage of infected red blood cells found in approximately 104 cells) was 0.03-22.4% in t. graeca and 0.06-12.27% in t. marginata. on the other hand, all blood ... | 2005 | 16405300 |
| cryptosporidium from tortoises: genetic characterisation, phylogeny and zoonotic implications. | cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus cryptosporidium, which affect the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals worldwide. in the present study, cryptosporidium isolates from captive european tortoises (testudo graeca, testudo hermanni and testudo marginata) in italy were genetically characterised using gene/s encoding cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) and/or the hypervariable segment internal to the ssu rdna. six isolates from t. graeca, t. h ... | 2008 | 18234467 |
| detection and partial characterization of herpesviruses from egyptian tortoises (testudo kleinmanni) imported into italy from libya. | a group of approximately 370 egyptian tortoises (testudo kleinmanni) and 36 spur-thighed tortoises (testudo graeca) were illegally imported into italy from libya. within 6 mo of their entry into italy, all but 40 of the egyptian tortoises had died with signs of severe stomatitis. herpesviruses were detected from the tongues of seven egyptian tortoises by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and virus isolation. sequencing of a portion of the ul39 homologue of the herpesviruses from three different to ... | 2009 | 19368266 |
| comparison of total calcium, ionised calcium and albumin concentrations in the plasma of captive tortoises (testudo species). | plasma total calcium, ionised calcium and albumin levels in hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni), spur-thighed tortoises (testudo graeca), marginated tortoises (testudo marginata) and horsfield's tortoises (testudo horsfieldi) were investigated. the animals were captive adults maintained under natural unfiltered sunlight in the uk with no dietary sources of cholecalciferol. analysis of total calcium data showed statistically significant seasonal elevations in females in august compared with ma ... | 2009 | 19850853 |
| salmonella infection in illegally imported spur-thighed tortoises (testudo graeca). | the prevalence of salmonella infection was determined in a group of spur-thighed tortoises (testudo graeca) seized during two smuggling attempts and in a population of captive hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni) sheltered in a wildlife rescue centre. salmonella spp. was isolated in 81 of 220 (36.8%) and in 17 of 67 (25.4%) cloacal swabs collected from the t. graeca and t. hermanni tortoises respectively. overall, a total of 21 different salmonella serotypes were found. some of these serotypes ... | 2011 | 20626717 |
| detection and characterization of mycoplasma spp. and salmonella spp. in free-living european tortoises (testudo hermanni, testudo graeca, and testudo marginata). | free-living and captive chelonians might suffer from upper respiratory tract disease (urtd), a pathology primarily caused by mycoplasma agassizii. wild tortoises can also be an important reservoir of salmonella spp., which are commensal in the host reptile but are potential zoonotic agents. between july 2009 and june 2010, we screened free-living european tortoises (spur-thighed tortoises testudo graeca, hermann's tortoises testudo hermanni, marginated tortoises testudo marginata) temporarily ho ... | 2011 | 21719840 |
| staining of the dorsal root primary afferent fibers by anterograde movement of horseradish peroxidase and retrograde labelling of motoneurons and preganglionic autonomic cells in the turtle spinal cord. | the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (hrp) has been applied to the proximal stumps of severed thoracic and lumbar dorsal roots in the turtles pseudemys scripta elegans and testudo hermanni. the results obtained confirm the distribution pattern observed with anterograde degeneration techniques. primary afferent terminal structures, however, could be demonstrated in more detail. commonly, ventral roots were also more or less damaged which resulted in the presence of retrogradely labeled motoneurons a ... | 1999 | 93720 |
| [blood collection techniques and normal serum values of important parameters of the greek land tortoise (testudo hermanni hermanni)]. | the technique and sites of blood sampling in the herman's tortoise (testudo hermanni hermanni) are explained. advantages and disadvantages of each site (vena coccygealis dorsali, vena ulnaris) are discussed in comparison to cardiac puncture and clipping a nail. the diagnostic importance of blood examination is shown. normal values of important blood parameters in clinically healthy animals (n = 17) are given, determined by a dry chemistry system (kodak ektachem). | 2006 | 1609407 |
| seasonal variations in blood and urine constituents of the tortoise "testudo hermanni hermanni" gmelin. | | 2014 | 4186934 |
| [the terminal blood bed in the heart of the turtle (testudo hermanni)]. | | 2016 | 5088330 |
| afferent connections of the cerebellum in various types of reptiles. | the origin of cerebellar afferents was studied in various types of reptiles, viz., the turtles pseudemys scripta elegans and testudo hermanni, the lizard varanus exanthematicus, and the snake python regius, with retrograde tracers (the enzyme horseradish peroxidase and the fluorescent tracer "fast blue"). projections to the cerebellum were demonstrated from the nucleus of the basal optic root, the interstitial nucleus of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, the vestibular ganglion, and the ve ... | 1982 | 7107986 |
| propriospinal fibers interconnecting the spinal enlargements in some quadrupedal reptiles. | the cells of origin, course and site of termination of long propriospinal fibers interconnecting the intumescences have been studied with the aid of the horseradish peroxidase technique, as well as with anterograde degeneration techniques, in some quadrupedal reptiles (the lizards tupinambis nigropunctatus and varanus exanthematicus, and the turtles testudo hermanni and pseudemys scripta elegans). the anterograde degeneration findings suggest that long descending propriospinal fibers from the ce ... | 1980 | 6933169 |
| descending pathways from the brain stem to the spinal cord in some reptiles. i. origin. | in the present study of the origin of the pathways descending from the brain stem to the spinal cord has been investigated in the reptiles testudo hermanni, pseudemys scripta elegans, tupinambis nigropunctatus and python reticulatus. these reptiles, using highly different types of progression, have been selected, because fundamental variations in the organization of the central motor apparatus are to be expected. the origin of the descending pathways has been demonstrated by recording the occurr ... | 1976 | 1270628 |
| blood proteins in turtles (testudo hermanni, emys orbicularis and caretta caretta). | | 1976 | 9229 |
| ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations on the process of horny growth in chelonian shells. | the process of growth of horny scutes of the carapace and plastron in chelonians is poorly understood. in order to address this problem, the shell of the terrestrial tortoise testudo hermanni, the freshwater turtle chrysemys picta, and the soft shelled turtle trionix spiniferus were studied. the study was carried out using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and autoradiography following injection of tritiated histidine. the species used in the present study illustrate three different type ... | 2006 | 16733064 |
| proliferation in the epidermis of chelonians and growth of the horny scutes. | the proliferation of the epidermis in soft skin, claws, and scutes of the carapace and plastron in the tortoise (testudo hermanni) and the turtle (chrysemys picta) were studied using autoradiographic and immunocytochemical methods. during the growing season, a basal keratinocyte in the epidermis of soft skin and claws takes 5-9 days to migrate into the corneous layer. in the tortoise, during fall/winter (resting season) a few alpha-keratin cells are produced in soft epidermis and hinge regions a ... | 2005 | 15880409 |
| campylobacter geochelonis sp. nov. isolated from the western hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni hermanni). | during a screening study to determine the presence of species of the genus campylobacter in reptiles, three putative strains (rc7, rc11 and rc20t) were isolated from different individuals of the western hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni hermanni). initially, these isolates were characterized as representing campylobacterfetus subsp. fetus by multiplex pcr and partial 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. further whole- genome characterization revealed considerable differences compared to other cam ... | 2016 | 27266587 |
| endoscopic assisted orchiectomy in herman's tortoises (testudo hermanni sp.). | male tortoises in captivity are often aggressive against other males or females, in particular during mating season related to hormonal influences (testosterone). castration in males is the treatment of choice in many vertebrate species. a novel technique of minimal invasive castration is presented for herman's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | 2014 | 25418348 |
| description of tachygonetria combesi n. sp. and redescriptions of four species of tachygonetria wedl, 1862 (nematoda: pharyngodonidae), with a new diagnosis of the genus. | the generic diagnosis of tachygonetria wedl, 1862 is modified based on the study and redescription of tachygonetria vivipara wedl, 1862 (collected from large intestine of uromastyx acanthinurus bell, from north africa) and t. dentata (drasche, 1883) (collected from large intestine of testudo graeca linnaeus in settat, morocco and t. hermanni gmelin in catalonia, spain). the following taxa were redescribed: tachygonetria conica (drasche, 1883) and t. robusta (drasche, 1883) (both from the large i ... | 2002 | 12386421 |
| cutaneous lesions due to trichosporon jirovecii in a tortoise (testudo hermanni). | cutaneous mycoses have been rarely reported in chelonians. a testudo hermanni adult male showed a thick erosion of the dorsal neck covered by necrotic material. trichosporon sp. was cultivated, while arthrospores and hyphae were observed in histological sections. the causative agent was identified as trichosporon jirovecii by pcr. after a surgical intervention povidone iodine and iruxol® ointment were daily administered through the drainage for 2 weeks, along with enrofloxacin 5 mg diluted in sa ... | 2017 | 28794959 |
| genomic sequencing of ranaviruses isolated from edible frogs (pelophylax esculentus). | ranaviruses were isolated from wild edible frogs (pelophylax esculentus) during epizootics in denmark and italy. phylogenomic analyses revealed that these isolates are closely related and belong to a clade of ranaviruses that includes the andrias davidianus ranavirus (adrv), common midwife toad ranavirus (cmtv), testudo hermanni ranavirus (thrv), and pike-perch iridovirus (ppiv). | 2017 | 28935748 |
| the genome of a tortoise herpesvirus (testudinid herpesvirus 3) has a novel structure and contains a large region that is not required for replication in vitro or virulence in vivo. | testudinid herpesvirus 3 (tehv-3) is the causative agent of a lethal disease affecting several tortoise species. the threat that this virus poses to endangered animals is focusing efforts on characterizing its properties, in order to enable the development of prophylactic methods. we have sequenced the genomes of the two most studied tehv-3 strains (1976 and 4295). tehv-3 strain 1976 has a novel genome structure and is most closely related to a turtle herpesvirus, thus supporting its classificat ... | 2015 | 26339050 |
| activity of vagal afferent fibers innervating co2-sensitive receptors in the tortoise, testudo hermanni. | experiments were done on the tortoise, testudo hermanni (anesthetized), or on its lung-vagus preparation in which all other internal organs had been removed. by recording the afferent impulse patterns in fine strands of the vagus, three kinds of co2-sensitive receptors were demonstrated. heymans-type chemoreceptors: afferents originating from thoracic arterial chemoreceptors fired randomly at amplitudes below 100 microv. firing frequency increased when the animal was ventilated with co2-enriched ... | 1986 | 3104638 |
| tortoises in front of mirrors: brain asymmetries and lateralized behaviours in the tortoise (testudo hermanni). | brain lateralization in response to social stimuli is well known for its involvement of the right hemisphere in several vertebrate species, including humans. this study aimed to investigate the laterality of the social behavior during the mirror-images inspection in tortoises (testudo hermanni). in a rectangular apparatus, in presence or in absence of two mirrors as the longer walls, we assessed: 1) the animal's position and 2) the monocular viewing compared to the longer walls, 3) the paw used ... | 2017 | 28629961 |
| [cortical fields in testudo hermanni (chelonian reptile) and in caiman crocodylus (crocodilian reptile)]. | | 1973 | 4127611 |
| phylogenetic relationships among the species of the genus testudo (testudines: testudinidae) inferred from mitochondrial 12s rrna gene sequences. | to test phylogenetic relationships within the genus testudo (testudines: testudinidae), we have sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial (mt) 12s rrna gene of 98 tortoise specimens belonging to the genera testudo, indotestudo, and geochelone. maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods identify two main clades of mediterranean tortoises, one composed of the species testudo graeca, testudo marginata, and testudo kleinmanni and a second of testudo hermanni, testudo horsfieldii, and indotestud ... | 2002 | 11820839 |
| dorsal root projections in various types of reptiles. | the distribution of dorsal root fibers into the spinal cord as well as to the brainstem have been studied in various types of reptiles. at the site of entrance into the spinal cord no clear segregation of large fibers medially and smaller fibers laterally has been observed. a peculiarity for reptiles seems to be a lateral bundle of primary afferent fibers which traverses the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus. the fibers of this bundle enter the spinal gray at the lateral side of the dorsal ho ... | 1980 | 7397488 |
| descending pathways from the brain stem to the spinal cord in some reptiles. ii. course and site of termination. | the course and termination of the pathways descending from the brain stem to the spinal cord have been studied by tracing the ensuing anterograde fiber degeneration, following appropriate lesions in the reptiles testudo hermanni, tupinambis nigropunctatus and python reticulatus. in these reptiles the presence of interstitiospinal, vestibulospinal and reticulospinal pathways has been demonstrated. a crossed rubrospinal tract has been shown in the turtle and lizard, but could not be demonstrated i ... | 1976 | 1270629 |
| gastrointestinal parasitic burdens in uk tortoises: a survey of tortoise owners and potential risk factors. | despite gastrointestinal parasites being commonly diagnosed in captive tortoises throughout the uk, there is a lack of data regarding the prevalence. the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in tortoises in the uk, and to investigate the factors affecting the prevalence of these parasites. owners were invited to submit a faecal sample from their tortoise in conjunction with a completed questionnaire covering details of signalment and husbandry. data ... | 2013 | 24158320 |
| physical reparative treatment in reptiles. | the tissue growth necessary to achieve a complete or partial restitution ad integrum as a result of injury to soft tissue and/or hard times in reptiles is variable and often needs long time in relation to the species, to the habitat and to their intrinsic physiological characteristics. the purpose of this work was to see if the tissue optimization (to) treatment with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (reac) provided good results in these animals and whether its use translates into reduced time ... | 2013 | 23442770 |
| variation in growth and potentially associated health status in hermann's and spur-thighed tortoise (testudo hermanni and testudo graeca). | captive reptiles often show higher growth rates than in the wild, possibly due to higher feeding intensity. although health problems are usually linked to inappropriate diets, fast growth itself, such as triggered by appropriate diets fed in high amounts, has traditionally also been considered unfavorable for tortoises. we document growth rates (based on age and mass) from private testudo hermanni and t. graeca breeders, which are generally higher than those reported for free-ranging specimens, ... | 2012 | 22290654 |
| calcium and phosphorus values and their derivatives in captive tortoises (testudo species). | to evaluate the relationships between total calcium and phosphorus and ionised calcium and phosphorus values in clinically healthy tortoises. | 2010 | 20630020 |
| variations in the concentration of ionised calcium in the plasma of captive tortoises (testudo species). | the concentration of ionised calcium was measured in the plasma of 13 hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni boettgeri), nine spur-thighed tortoises (testudo graeca ibera), two marginated tortoises (testudo marginata) and six horsfield's tortoises (testudo horsfieldi) maintained under natural unfiltered sunlight in the uk. the numbers were too small to analyse the differences between the species, sexes or the time of the year statistically, but the concentrations of ionised calcium were generally ... | 2009 | 19617613 |
| plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in 22 captive tortoises (testudo species). | the plasma concentration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was measured in 13 adult hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni), seven adult spur-thighed tortoises (testudo graeca) and two adult marginated tortoises (testudo marginata) during 2004. they were healthy, of both sexes, and kept in captivity under natural unfiltered sunlight in southern england with no dietary sources of cholecalciferol. blood samples were taken in march, june and august, and the concentration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol did ... | 2008 | 18344499 |
| redescription of four species of mehdiella from testudinidae, with a key to the species and discussion on the relationships among the species of this genus. | four species of the genus mehdiella seurat, 1918 are redescribed: m. cristata petter, 1966 and m. stylosa dollfusi petter, 1966, parasite of pyxix arachnoides bell, 1827 from madagascar, m. s. stylosa (thapar, 1925) and m. uncinata (drasche, 1884), parasite of testudo graeca linneaus, 1758, testudo hermanni gmelin, 1789 and testudo horsfieldii (gray, 1844) from palaearctic region. light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (sem) studies revealed new informations on the morphology of these ... | 2003 | 14710630 |
| seasonal variations in haematological data from mediterranean tortoises (testudo graeca and testudo hermanni) in captivity. | reference values for a variety of haematological parameters in 18 mediterranean tortoises of two species (testudo graeca and testudo hermanni) were determined on six occasions during the year. statistically significant seasonal variations were demonstrated in all parameters. | 1986 | 3704341 |
| weight and measurement data on tortoises (testudo graeca and testudo hermanni) and their relationship to health. | | 1980 | 7431890 |
| [on the character of the fecal arizona carriers in land turtles testudo graeca and testudo hermanni]. | | 1966 | 5991751 |
| detection of intranuclear coccidiosis in tortoises in europe and china. | intranuclear coccidiosis of tortoises (tinc) has been described in association with systemic disease in various species of tortoises. tinc has been detected in numerous tortoises from the united states, but there are only a few reports from tropical tortoises in germany and no reports from asia. using a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, samples from 1,011 tortoises were screened for the presence of tinc. samples originated from animals kept in captivity in europe and in china. coccidia ... | 2017 | 28749291 |
| microsporidiosis in four tortoises ( testudo hermanni boettgeri). | microsporidia are obligate intracellular, spore-forming fungi. a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts can be infected; however, cases of infected turtles or tortoises have not yet been described. this is the first description of 4 cases in tortoises ( testudo spp), which showed general signs of illness as well as intestinal and respiratory signs until death occurred or they were euthanized. granulomatous and necrotizing inflammation was visible in the lung and liver. fungal organisms ... | 2017 | 28171733 |
| sex-specific ecophysiological responses to environmental fluctuations of free-ranging hermann's tortoises: implication for conservation. | physiological parameters provide indicators to evaluate how organisms respond to conservation actions. for example, individuals translocated during reinforcement programmes may not adapt to their novel host environment and may exhibit elevated chronic levels of stress hormones and/or decreasing body condition. conversely, successful conservation actions should be associated with a lack of detrimental physiological perturbation. however, physiological references fluctuate over time and are influe ... | 2016 | 27933166 |
| basal cell carcinoma in two hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | neoplastic disorders are frequently encountered in the practice of reptile medicine. herein we report the clinical behavior, antemortem diagnosis, and histopathologic characteristics of a recurrent intraoral keratinizing basal cell carcinoma (bcc) and a metastatic bcc of the carapace in 2 hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). although squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) in tortoises show similar predilection sites and gross pathologic features, the bccs described in our report were characterized b ... | 2016 | 27694187 |
| shoulder girdle rotation, forelimb movement and the influence of carapace shape on locomotion in testudo hermanni (testudinidae). | studies into the function of structures are crucial for making connections between morphology and behaviour of organisms, but are still rare for the terrestrial testudinidae. we investigated the kinematics of shoulder girdle and forelimb motion in hermann's tortoise testudo hermanni using biplanar x-ray fluoroscopy with a twofold aim: firstly, to understand how the derived shapes of shoulder girdle and carapace together influence rotation of the girdle; and, secondly, to understand how girdle ro ... | 2016 | 27340203 |
| experiences with hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni) microchipping in slovenia - short communication. | this study describes experiences obtained with microchipping of hermann's tortoises in slovenia. over a period of three years, a total of 5,128 hermann's tortoises from parental breeding stock were microchipped. microchips were implanted subcutaneously in the left inguinal region. during the application of microchips, males were bleeding in 2.6% and females in 1.4% of the cases. bleeding frequency was related to sex, animal size and environmental temperature at the time of microchipping. the pre ... | 2016 | 26919141 |
| contrast echocardiography for analysis of heart anatomy in tortoises. | the cardiac anatomy in tortoises depicted on b-mode and color-doppler should be better differentiated by additional contrast-echocardiography. | 2015 | 26105200 |
| multiple paternity and sperm storage in captive hermann's tortoises, testudo hermanni boettgeri determined from amniotic fluid adhering to the eggshell. | we identified multiple paternity in 52.9% of the clutches of hermann's tortoise testudo hermanni boettgeri using polymorphic microsatellite markers. in addition we demonstrated sperm storage across seasons. dna was extracted from the amniotic fluid adhering to the eggshell's inner surface, a procedure suitable for easy, non-invasive dna sampling in conservation and breeding programs. to improve the informative value of monomorphic single tandem repeat (str) markers we additionally analyzed singl ... | 2015 | 26003400 |
| seasonal habitat preference by the flagship species testudo hermanni: implications for the conservation of coastal dunes. | in this study, we explored if, how, and when the european union habitats (eu sensu habitats directive 92/43/cee) are used by the flagship species testudo hermanni in a well-preserved coastal dune system of the italian peninsula. radio telemetry data and fine-scale vegetation habitat mapping were used to address the following questions: (a) is each eu habitat used differentially by hermann's tortoises? (b) is there any seasonal variation in this utilization pattern? (c) how does each habitat cont ... | 2015 | 25843221 |
| hematological values for adult eastern hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni boettgeri) in semi-natural conditions. | hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni) is considered near threatened in the wild but, by contrast, it is one of the most popular pet tortoises in europe. scant data is reported in the veterinary literature on hematological values for t. hermanni and, to our knowledge, none focused on the subspecies boettgeri (eastern hermann's tortoise). published reports are based on small sample populations, and confusion arises when comparing the sampling sites, the anticoagulants, and the counting methods use ... | 2015 | 25525140 |
| computational aspects of n-mixture models. | the n-mixture model is widely used to estimate the abundance of a population in the presence of unknown detection probability from only a set of counts subject to spatial and temporal replication (royle, 2004, biometrics 60, 105-115). we explain and exploit the equivalence of n-mixture and multivariate poisson and negative-binomial models, which provides powerful new approaches for fitting these models. we show that particularly when detection probability and the number of sampling occasions are ... | 2015 | 25314629 |
| reference values for hematology and plasma biochemistry variables, and protein electrophoresis of healthy hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni ssp.). | hermann's tortoise, testudo hermanni, is currently on the international union for conservation of nature (iucn) red list of endangered species. reptile medicine relies also on laboratory analyses to evaluate health status, but reference ranges for hematology and biochemistry variables and protein electrophoresis in plasma of healthy tortoises are not available. | 2014 | 25285592 |
| pharmacokinetics of cefovecin sodium after subcutaneous administration to hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | to determine the pharmacokinetics of cefovecin sodium after sc administration to hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | 2014 | 25255182 |
| do handling and transport stress influence adrenocortical response in the tortoises (testudo hermanni)? | the goal of this study was to analyze circulating cortisol levels from tortoises (testudo hermanni) to establish reference intervals and to develop guidelines for the interpretation of the effect of handling and transport stress. blood samples were obtained from the caudal venous from 23 healthy juvenile tortoises (9 males and 14 females), aged 8-20 years, in basal condition, four weeks prior to and four weeks following handling and short transportation. the study was carried out on the experime ... | 2014 | 24977048 |
| effects of two dietary vitamin and mineral supplements on the growth and health of hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni). | the aim of the study was to determine the long-term effects of two different vitamin and mineral supplements on the growth and health of hermann's tortoises. twelve one-month-old tortoises were randomly divided into two groups of six animals (group a and b). diets were supplemented on a daily basis with two different products ("a": vit. d350 000 iu/kg, 150 g/kg ca or "b": vit. d3, 2000 iu/kg, 148 g/kg ca) for 12 months. product "b" was richer in most of the vitamins. weight and shell parameters ... | 2014 | 24881278 |
| body condition and habitat use by hermann's tortoises in burnt and intact habitats. | in mediterranean regions, fires threaten terrestrial tortoises. nevertheless, varying proportions of adults survive fire; these surviving individuals can play a central role for population recovery. the regions devastated by fire often include important habitat of hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni hermanni), so assessing the ability of survivors to persist is essential for conserving the species. body-condition indices provide an integrative estimate of how well individuals cope with environ ... | 2014 | 27293640 |
| genetic variation and population structure in the endangered hermann's tortoise: the roles of geography and human-mediated processes. | the hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni) is an endangered land tortoise distributed in disjoint populations across mediterranean europe. we investigated its genetic variation by typing 1 mitochondrial locus and 9 nuclear microsatellites in approximately 300 individuals from 22 localities. our goal was to understand the relative impact of natural and human-mediated processes in shaping the genetic structure and to identify the genetic priorities for the conservation of this species. we found tha ... | 2013 | 24154535 |
| cystoscopic sex identification of posthatchling chelonians. | to describe a noninvasive technique for sex identification of posthatchling chelonians and to assess its safety in hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | 2013 | 23725439 |
| assessment of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for use in evaluating the effects of dietary and environmental management on hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | to assess dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (dxa) for evaluating effects of diet and environment on bone mineral density in hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | 2013 | 23718661 |
| characterization and quantification of the influence of season and gender on plasma chemistries of hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni, gmelin 1789). | the present study is the first to monitor plasma chemistries of a group of 30 hermann's tortoises (hts) over two summer seasons to characterize and quantify seasonal and gender-related influences. the following analytes were analyzed: alt, alp, ast, ba, ca, cho, ck, ldh, glu, gldh, p, tp, trig, urea and uric acid. two-way repeated-measures anova, mean values, confidence intervals were calculated. the overall results showed distinct patterns and somewhat unexpected results concerning the plasma c ... | 2013 | 23535317 |
| differentiation of steroidogenic cells in the developing adrenal gland of testudo hermanni gmelin, 1789 (chelonian reptiles). | the aim of this study was to investigate the development and differentiation of steroidogenic cells in the embryonic adrenal gland of testudo hermanni using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. the 26 developmental stages were divided into three periods: early (stages 1-18, up to 20 days of incubation), intermediate (stages 19-22, incubation days 21-35) and advanced (stages 23-26, from incubation day 36 to hatching). a small presumptive bud of steroidogen ... | 2013 | 23110554 |
| evaluation of intraocular pressure in conscious hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni) by means of rebound tonometry. | to determine intraocular pressure (iop) in healthy hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | 2012 | 23106468 |
| plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin d(3) concentrations in hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni) exposed to natural sunlight and two artificial ultraviolet radiation sources. | objective-to determine the effect of various uvb radiation sources on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin d(3) concentrations in hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). animals-18 healthy hermann's tortoises. procedures-tortoises were exposed to sunlight in an outdoor enclosure located in the natural geographic range of hermann's tortoises (n = 6 tortoises) or a self-ballasted mercury-vapor lamp (6) or fluorescent uvb-emitting lamp (6) in an indoor enclosure for 35 days. plasma samples were obtained from e ... | 2012 | 23106464 |
| evaluation of pulmonary function in european land tortoises using whole-body plethysmography. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of whole-body plethysmography as a non-invasive method to determine the respiratory parameters and profiles in two tortoise species belonging to the genus testudo. pulmonary functions and volumetric parameters were determined in 10 adults of testudo hermanni and in seven testudo marginata animals, using whole-body plethysmography. a profile pattern was regularly observed: an inspiratory flow peak, an expiratory peak, an apnoea phase and a second expi ... | 2012 | 22832080 |
| cryptosporidiosis outbreak in captive chelonians (testudo hermanni) with identification of two cryptosporidium genotypes. | an outbreak of diarrhea in an outdoor group of captive hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni) was associated with fecal shedding of cryptosporidial oocysts, as determined by coproscopic and immunoassay examinations. with partial sequencing of the 18s ribosomal rna gene, 2 different cryptosporidium genotypes could be identified in the fecal samples. cryptosporidium tortoise genotype has previously been found in tortoise and ophidian species, and cryptosporidium ducismarci has been reported from a ... | 2012 | 22529132 |
| [malignant melanophoroma in a hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni). a case report]. | | 2011 | 22143563 |
| shell mycosis in a group of hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | | 2012 | 22052733 |
| morphology and ultrastructure of the pronephros of testudo hermanni gmelin, 1789 (chelonian reptiles). | the aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and ultrastructure of the pronephros of testudo hermanni as observed in the earlier part of its development. this paired structure appears during renal ontogenesis and originates from the first somites localised in the cephalic part of the embryo. the first pronephric evidence is noted at stage 12. the kidney is composed of large glomeruli that are devoid of a capsule and protrude into the coelomic cavity. a ciliated nephrostome provides ac ... | 2011 | 21133985 |
| to chew or not to chew: fecal particle size in herbivorous reptiles and mammals. | a major difference between reptile and mammalian herbivores is that the former do not masticate their food. actually, food particle size reduction by chewing is usually considered one of the adaptations facilitating the higher metabolic rates of mammals. however, quantitative comparisons of ingesta particle size between the clades have, to our knowledge, not been performed so far. we measured mean fecal particle size (mps) in 79 captive individuals of 14 reptile herbivore species (tortoises, liz ... | 2010 | 20623497 |
| influence of different dietary calcium levels on the digestibility of ca, mg and p in hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | calcium and phosphorus are very important minerals in reptile nutrition, but many diets are still not balanced. to achieve optimal growth, including a healthy skeleton and a strong shell, a well-balanced supply with these minerals is prerequisite. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the apparent digestibility in hermann's tortoises of diets with different calcium levels with special emphasis on the digestibility of minerals. eight adult hermann's tortoises of the veterinary faculty in zuri ... | 2007 | 17988349 |
| hematologic and plasma biochemical changes associated with fenbendazole administration in hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | toxicosis associated with benzimidazole anthelmintics has been reported with increasing frequency in zoologic collections. clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, and gross and histologic lesions are primarily the result of damage to the gastrointestinal and hematopoietic systems. profound leukopenia, especially granulocytopenia, is the most common and severe clinicopathologic change associated with benzimidazole administration. death usually occurs from overwhelming systemic bacterial ... | 2005 | 17312724 |
| efficacy of oxfendazole and fenbendazole against tortoise (testudo hermanni) oxyurids. | thirty-six tortoises (testudo hermanni) with naturally acquired oxyurids infections were used to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of oxfendazole (dolthene; merial) and fenbendazole (panacur; hoechst roussel vet). animals were randomly assigned to three groups (a, b, and c) based on sex and weight. animals in group a (seven males and six females) were orally treated with oxfendazole at dose rate of 66 mg/kg, group b animals (nine males and eight females) were orally treated with fenbendazole at d ... | 2007 | 17120044 |
| lateralized righting behavior in the tortoise (testudo hermanni). | lateralization of brain and behaviour at the population level has been documented in all vertebrate classes. research was mostly carried out on mammalian and avian species, the least investigated class with this regards being the reptilia, with studies concentrating on lateralized aggressive behaviour in lizards. no research has been carried out on lateralization in the chelonian order. we investigated the presence of motor asymmetries in the tortoise testudo hermanni, using the righting respons ... | 2006 | 16879882 |
| differentiation of chromaffin cells in the developing adrenal gland of testudo hermanni. | the aim of this study was to investigate the development and differentiation of chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland of the turtle testudo hermanni during ontogenesis using histological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods. the 26 developmental stages were divided into three periods: in the early period (stages 1-18, up to 20 days of incubation at 37 degrees celsius and 85% humidity), the chromaffin cells were observed from stage 12. they followed a ventro-lateral migration pathway w ... | 2006 | 16506068 |
| larynx morphology and sound production in three species of testudinidae. | although the ability to vocalize is widespread among tortoises, the mechanisms of sound production in chelonians remain undescribed. in this study, we analyze the morphology and histology of the larynx of three species of testudinidae (testudo hermanni, t. graeca, and t. marginata) in order to ascertain the presence of vibrating acoustic structure, and based on our findings we propose a general model for phonation in tortoises. the structure of the larynx of the three tortoises analyzed is simpl ... | 2004 | 15216522 |
| myiasis in two hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | | 2003 | 14640330 |
| variation of plasma sex steroid concentrations in wild and captive populations of hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni hermanni) in southern france. | plasma levels of sex steroids in both males and females of the endangered hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni hermanni) were measured throughout their active period in a wild population in the massif des maures, france, and in a nearby captive population at le village des tortues in gonfaron. both plasma progesterone and testosterone were elevated in males at emergence from winter dormancy, and plasma progesterone levels were significantly higher in wild than in captive males. plasma testostero ... | 2003 | 12606272 |
| lipid composition, fatty acid profiles, and lipid-soluble antioxidants of eggs of the hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni boettgeri). | the major lipid classes, their fatty acid profiles, and the amounts of the lipid-soluble components, vitamin e, vitamin a, and carotenoids, were determined for egg yolks of the hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni boettgeri) with the aim of identifying any features that may potentially impair the adaptation of this endangered species to deteriorations in habitat. total lipid formed 16% (wt/wt) of the fresh yolk and consisted of (wt/wt) 74.4% triacylglycerol, 18.1% phospholipid, 3.0% cholesteryl ... | 2001 | 11429779 |
| effects of spraying the herbicides 2,4-d and 2,4,5-t on a population of the tortoise testudo hermanni in southern greece. | a population of the tortoise testudo hermanni near olympia in southern greece was studied by mark-recapture from 1975 to 1984. part of the site was sprayed with the herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-t) each year from 1980, producing symptoms of poisoning (swollen eyes, fluid discharge from the nose and immobility) in tortoises. survival rates of tortoises 10 cm or larger were significantly lower in the affected areas, with extra mortal ... | 2001 | 11351763 |
| cutaneous poxvirus-like infection in a captive hermann's tortoise (testudo hermanni). | | 1998 | 9836404 |
| gastrografin as a gastrointestinal contrast agent in the greek tortoise (testudo hermanni). | eighteen greek tortoises (testudo hermanni), divided into three groups, were kept at three different average ambient temperatures. gastrografin was administered to all individuals by orogastric tube at a dosage of 1 ml/130 g body weight. the partial and total transit times were recorded by means of radiographs taken immediately postadministration and at 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min and 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr postadministration. mean total transit times were 2.6 hr (range 1.5-4 ... | 1998 | 9732034 |
| effects of lithium heparin and tripotassium edta on hematologic values of hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni). | in an effort to define the effect(s) of lithium heparin and tripotassium edta on various hematologic parameters in testudo hermanni, we collected blood samples from 29 clinically healthy adult individuals of both sexes. portions of each blood sample were transferred to tubes containing either lithium heparin or tripotassium edta. the following determinations were made on samples of blood from each anticoagulant: red and white cell counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, red cell in ... | 1998 | 9638624 |
| [electron microscopic detection of herpesviruses in a mass death of greek tortoises (testudo hermanni) and four-toed turtles (agrionemys horsfieldii)]. | in a population of about 130 tortoises, consisting mainly of hermann's tortoises (testudo hermanni) and four-toed tortoises (agrionemys horsfieldii), 50% of the reptiles died within 3 months in autumn 1987. post mortem analysis of 5 necropsied turtles revealed thick, caseous coatings in the upper digestive tract, hepatomegaly and enteritis. by microbiological examination a lot of ubiquitous bacteria could be isolated. by electron microscopy of concentrated and negatively stained gut specimens he ... | 1989 | 2554530 |
| glossopharyngeal innervation of chemo- and baroreceptors in the dorsal carotid artery of the tortoise testudo hermanni. | electrophysiological studies demonstrate the existence of chemo- and baroreceptors in the dorsal carotid artery of the tortoise, testudo hermanni gmelin. a fine nerve branch, 5-7 microns in diameter, originates from the glossopharyngeal nerve and terminates in the part of the dorsal carotid artery between its origin at the subclavian artery and the bifurcation of the tracheal branch. when afferent impulses were recorded from this fine nerve simultaneously with the blood pressure, two kinds of ac ... | 1986 | 3786969 |
| thermal benefits from familiarity with the environment in a reptile. | the tortoise testudo hermanni gmelin is non-territorial, frequents non-personal shelters and is generalist in diet, but stays within a home range very stable in time. analysis of shell temperatures obtained at set intervals by radiothermometers showed that while tortoises resident in the study area behave as homoiotherms, animals imported from a similar environment appear relatively poikilotherms. moreover, residents are more efficient in basking, reaching the daily thermal maxima systematically ... | 1986 | 28311712 |
| olfactory mucosa of testudo hermanni (gmelin) (reptilia: testudinidae): occurrence of paracrystalline inclusions in supporting cells. | | 1986 | 3035813 |