| bacillus weihenstephanensis sp. nov. is a new psychrotolerant species of the bacillus cereus group. | the bacillus cereus group comprises the four valid species bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. some isolates of b. cereus are known to be psychrotolerant (growth at 7 degrees c or below). here, specific sequence differences are described between the 16s rdna, the 23s rdna, the 16s-23s rdna spacer region and the genes of the major cold-shock protein homologue cspa in a variety of psychrotolerant and mesophilic b. cereus and b. mycoides strains. rando ... | 1998 | 9828439 |
| the hemolytic enterotoxin hbl is broadly distributed among species of the bacillus cereus group. | the prevalence of the hemolytic enterotoxin complex hbl was determined in all species of the bacillus cereus group with the exception of bacillus anthracis. hbla, encoding the binding subunit b, was detected by pcr and southern analysis and was confirmed by partial sequencing of 18 strains. the sequences formed two clusters, one including b. cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains and the other one consisting of bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, and bacillus weihenstephanensis strain ... | 1999 | 10584001 |
| homoduplex and heteroduplex polymorphisms of the amplified ribosomal 16s-23s internal transcribed spacers describe genetic relationships in the "bacillus cereus group". | bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus weihenstephanensis are closely related in phenotype and genotype, and their genetic relationship is still open to debate. the present work uses amplified 16s-23s internal transcribed spacers (its) to discriminate between the strains and species and to describe the genetic relationships within the "b. cereus group," advantage being taken of homoduplex-heteroduplex polymorphisms (h ... | 2000 | 11097928 |
| climatic influence on mesophilic bacillus cereus and psychrotolerant bacillus weihenstephanensis populations in tropical, temperate and alpine soil. | bacillus weihenstephanensis strains are psychrotolerant and grow from below 7 degrees c to 38 degrees c. closely related mesophilic bacillus cereus strains can grow from above 7 degrees c to 46 degrees c. we classified 1060 b. cereus group isolates from different soil samples with respect to their psychrotolerant and mesophilic genotypes by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting of specific 16s rdna and cold shock protein a gene signatures. in parallel, growth tests at 7 degrees c were carrie ... | 1999 | 11207772 |
| psychrotolerant species from the bacillus cereus group are not necessarily bacillus weihenstephanensis. | twenty-six strains of bacillus cereus from different sources were determined to be either mesophilic or psychrotrophic by growth at 6 and 42 degrees c. the strains were also screened by two polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods designed to discriminate between mesophilic and psychrotrophic types. seventeen of the 26 strains were able to grow at 6 degrees c, but only four conformed to the new psychrotolerant species bacillus weihenstephanensis. among the 26 strains were two which caused outbrea ... | 2001 | 11313138 |
| analysis of the heat-adaptive response of psychrotrophic bacillus weihenstephanensis. | the heat-adaptive response of the psychrotrophic spoilage bacterium bacillus weihenstephanensis dsm11827 is described. it is demonstrated that vegetative cells of b. weihenstephanensis adapts to heat exposure at 47 degrees c by prior exposure to heat at the nonlethal temperature of 38 degrees c. for this adaptive response, protein synthesis is required and maximum adaptation was noted after 15 min to 2 h prior exposure at 38 degrees c. by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2d-e), an over ... | 2002 | 12382681 |
| pathogenic potential of fifty bacillus weihenstephanensis strains. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the food poisoning potential of strains of the new species in the bacillus cereus group, b. weihenstephanensis. fifty strains were tested for cytotoxicity in a vero cell assay, and 23 of the strains were also tested for production of enterotoxin components with commercial antibody kits, and for presence of enterotoxin gene components by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the majority of the strains (72%) were not cytotoxic, although all of the strains that wer ... | 2002 | 12393199 |
| population structure and evolution of the bacillus cereus group. | representative strains of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, including bacillus anthracis (11 isolates), b. cereus (38 isolates), bacillus mycoides (1 isolate), bacillus thuringiensis (53 isolates from 17 serovars), and bacillus weihenstephanensis (2 isolates) were assigned to 59 sequence types (sts) derived from the nucleotide sequences of seven alleles, glpf, gmk, ilvd, pta, pur, pyca, and tpi. comparisons of the maximum likelihood (ml) tree of the concatenated sequences with individual ge ... | 2004 | 15547268 |
| the autolytic phenotype of the bacillus cereus group. | to determine the autolytic phenotype of five species in the bacillus cereus group. | 2005 | 16238737 |
| multiple-locus sequence typing analysis of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis reveals separate clustering and a distinct population structure of psychrotrophic strains. | we used multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to characterize phylogenetic relationships for a collection of bacillus cereus group strains isolated from forest soil in the paris area during a mild winter. this collection contains multiple strains isolated from the same soil sample and strains isolated from samples from different sites. we characterized 115 strains of this collection and 19 other strains based on the sequences of the clpc, dinb, gdpd, panc, purf, and yhfl loci. the number of alleles ... | 2006 | 16461712 |
| occurrence and pathogenic potential of bacillus cereus group bacteria in a sandy loam. | the major part (94%) of the bacillus cereus-like isolates from a danish sandy loam are psychrotolerant bacillus weihenstephanensis according to their ability to grow at temperatures below 7 degrees c and/or two pcr-based methods, while the remaining 6% are b. cereus. the bacillus mycoides-like isolates could also be divided into psychrotolerant and mesophilic isolates. the psychrotolerant isolates of b. mycoides could be discriminated from the mesophilic by the two pcr-based methods used to char ... | 2006 | 16710635 |
| sequence diversity of the bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus sensu lato flagellin (h antigen) protein: comparison with h serotype diversity. | we set out to analyze the sequence diversity of the bacillus thuringiensis flagellin (h antigen [hag]) protein and compare it with h serotype diversity. some other bacillus cereus sensu lato species and strains were added for comparison. the internal sequences of the flagellin (hag) alleles from 80 bacillus thuringiensis strains and 16 strains from the b. cereus sensu lato group were amplified and cloned, and their nucleotide sequences were determined and translated into amino acids. the flagell ... | 2006 | 16820457 |
| characterization of emetic bacillus weihenstephanensis, a new cereulide-producing bacterium. | cereulide production has until now been restricted to the species bacillus cereus. here we report on two psychrotolerant bacillus weihenstephanensis strains, mc67 and mc118, that produce cereulide. the strains are atypical with regard to pheno- and genotypic characteristics normally used for identification of emetic b. cereus strains. mc67 and mc118 produced cereulide at temperatures of as low as 8 degrees c. | 2006 | 16820519 |
| isolation and characterization of a psychrotolerant toxin producer, bacillus weihenstephanensis, in liquid egg products. | a psychrotolerant bacteria of the bacillus cereus group was found responsible for the spoilage of whole liquid egg products. by sequencing a 16s rrna region and performing a pcr amplification of specific 16s rrna and cspa signatures, a bacillus weihenstephanensis was identified. characterization of this strain shows its ability to grow in defined medium as well as in whole liquid egg at refrigerated temperatures. the strain isolated possesses genes encoding for hemolysin bl, nonhemolytic enterot ... | 2007 | 18095431 |
| deletion of dnan1 generates a mutator phenotype in bacillus anthracis. | the dnan gene in eubacteria is an essential gene that encodes the beta subunit of replicative dna polymerase. nearly all eubacterial genomes sequenced to date predict a single copy of the dnan gene in a well-conserved neighboring gene context. however, 19 genomes out of 348 scanned, including bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus weihenstephanensis, predict more than one dnan gene. in most cases, these genomes appear to maintain a copy of the dnan homolog in i ... | 2008 | 18242150 |
| glycosyltransferase: a specific marker for the discrimination of bacillus anthracis from the bacillus cereus group. | bacillus anthracis, the aetiological agent of anthrax, has been taxonomically classified with the bacillus cereus group, which comprises b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. although the pathogenesis and ecological manifestations may be different, b. anthracis shares a high degree of dna sequence similarity with its group member species. as a result, the discrimination of b. anthracis from its close relatives in the b. cer ... | 2008 | 18287289 |
| the members of the bacillus cereus group are commonly present contaminants of fresh and heat-treated milk. | to determine the level of milk contamination by bacillus cereus sensu lato, 44 samples were collected from a dairy farm and two independent dairies in northeastern poland. a total of 680 b. cereus sensu lato isolates were recovered. based on spore counts, their highest level in milk was found during the spring and summer months. although significant variations in chromosomal dna polymorphisms among b. cereus sensu lato isolates were noted based on repetitive element sequence polymorphism (rep-pc ... | 2008 | 18456114 |
| inhibition of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis in raw vegetables by application of washing solutions containing enterocin as-48 alone and in combination with other antimicrobials. | enterocin as-48 is a broad-spectrum cyclic antimicrobial peptide produced by enterococcus faecalis. in the present study, the bacteriocin was tested alone and in combination with other antimicrobials for decontamination of bacillus inoculated on alfalfa, soybean sprouts and green asparagus. washing with enterocin as-48 solutions reduced viable cell counts of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis by 1.0-1.5 and by 1.5-2.38 log units right after application of treatment, respectively. in ... | 2008 | 18620967 |
| characterization of metal-resistant plant-growth promoting bacillus weihenstephanensis isolated from serpentine soil in portugal. | a metal-resistant bacterial strain sm3 isolated from a serpentine soil in the north-east of portugal was characterized as bacillus weihenstephanensis based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics and on the comparative analysis of the partial 16s ribosomal dna sequence. bacillus weihenstephanensis sm3 showed a high degree of resistance to nickel (1500 mg l(-1)), copper (500 mg l(-1)) and zinc (700 mg l(-1)) and also to antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin, kanamycin and streptomycin) ... | 2008 | 18785659 |
| enhanced transformation efficiency of recalcitrant bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis isolates upon in vitro methylation of plasmid dna. | digestion patterns of chromosomal dnas of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis strains suggest that sau3ai-type restriction modification systems are widely present among the isolates tested. in vitro methylation of plasmid dna was used to enhance poor plasmid transfer upon electroporation to recalcitrant strains that carry sau3ai restriction barriers. | 2008 | 18952874 |
| natural isolates of bacillus thuringiensis display genetic and psychrotrophic properties characteristic of bacillus weihenstephanensis. | to determine the potential of bacillus thuringiensis, known primarily for its entomopathogenicity, to be a psychrotolerant contaminant of stored products. | 2009 | 19228255 |
| effect of modified atmosphere and temperature abuse on the growth from spores and cereulide production of bacillus weihenstephanensis in a cooked chilled meat sausage. | the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (map) on the germination and growth of toxin producing psychrotolerant bacillus spp is not well described. a model agar system mimicking a cooked meat product was used in initial experiments. incubation at refrigeration temperature of 8 degrees c for 5 weeks of 26 bacillus weihenstephanensis including two emetic toxin (cereulide) producing strains showed that b. weihenstephanensis is sensitive to map containing co2. the sensitivity to 20% co2 was depen ... | 2009 | 19230998 |
| evaluation of probiotic characteristics of siderophoregenic bacillus spp. isolated from dairy waste. | siderophoregenic bacillus strain det9 has been selectively isolated from dairy waste. it was evaluated for probiotic characteristics and susceptibility pattern against antibiotics. its spores showed excellent tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and exhibited antimicrobial activity against organisms such as escherichia coli, micrococcus flavus, and staphylococcus aureus. its susceptibility to antibiotics reduces the prospect to donate resistance determinants if administered i ... | 2010 | 19280126 |
| cereulide formation by bacillus weihenstephanensis and mesophilic emetic bacillus cereus at temperature abuse depends on pre-incubation conditions. | emetic toxin (cereulide) formation was recently identified in a psychrotolerant species, bacillus weihenstephanensis [thorsen, l., hansen, b.m., nielsen, k.f., hendriksen, n.b., phipps, r.k., budde, b.b., 2006. characterization of emetic bacillus weihenstephanensisis, a new cereulide-producing bacterium. applied and environmental microbiology, 72, 5118-5121.]. although recent findings indicated b. weihenstephanensis as a cereulide producer only limited information is available regarding environm ... | 2009 | 19428136 |
| the small acid soluble proteins (sasp alpha and sasp beta) of bacillus weihenstephanensis and bacillus mycoides group 2 are the most distinct among the bacillus cereus group. | the bacillus cereus group includes bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. the small acid soluble spore protein (sasp) beta has been previously demonstrated to be among the biomarkers differentiating b. anthracis and b. cereus; sasp beta of b. cereus most commonly exhibits one or two amino acid substitutions when compared to b. anthracis. sasp alpha is conserved in sequence among these two species. neither sasp alpha nor beta for ... | 2009 | 19616612 |
| sympatric soil communities of bacillus cereus sensu lato: population structure and potential plasmid dynamics of pxo1- and pxo2-like elements. | eighty soil-borne bacillus cereus group isolates were collected from two neighbouring geographical sites in belgium. their genetic relationships and population structure were assessed using multilocus sequence typing analysis of five chromosomal genes, while the contribution of extrachromosomal elements to the population dynamics was gauged by the presence, diversity and transfer capacity of pxo1- and pxo2-like plasmids. globally, the bacterial population displayed a broad diversity, including a ... | 2009 | 19780824 |
| bacillus thuringiensis serovars bolivia, vazensis and navarrensis meet the description of bacillus weihenstephanensis. | the bacillus cereus sensu lato group comprises six related species: b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. thuringiensis, b. mycoides, b. pseudomycoides and b. weihenstephanensis. bacillus thuringiensis is a mesophile. it is distinguished from other members of the b. cereus group by the apparition of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis, however, is a psychrotolerant. it grows at 7 degrees c but not at 43 degrees c. it is further characterised by the presence of specific signature sequ ... | 2010 | 19937033 |
| germinant receptor diversity and germination responses of four strains of the bacillus cereus group. | four strains of the bacillus cereus group were compared for their germinant receptor composition and spore germination capacity. phylogenetic analysis of the germinant receptor encoding operons of the enterotoxic strains b. cereus atcc 14579 and atcc 10987, the emetic strain ah187, and the psychrotolerant strain bacillus weihenstephanensis kbab4, indicated a core group of five germinant receptor operons to be present in the four strains, with each strain containing one to three additional recept ... | 2010 | 20153067 |
| comparative analysis of bacillus weihenstephanensis kbab4 spores obtained at different temperatures. | the impact of bacillus weihenstephanensis kbab4 sporulation temperature history was assessed on spore heat resistance, germination and outgrowth capacity at a temperature range from 7 to 30 degrees c. sporulation rate and efficiency decreased at low temperature, as cells sporulated at 12, 20 and 30 degrees c with approximately 99% efficiency, whereas at 7 degrees c and 10 degrees c, a maximum 15% of sporulation was reached. spores formed at 30 degrees c showed the highest wet heat resistance at ... | 2010 | 20457473 |
| development and validation of a real-time quantitative pcr assay for rapid identification of bacillus anthracis in environmental samples. | a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for rapid identification of bacillus anthracis in environmental samples. these samples often harbor bacillus cereus bacteria closely related to b. anthracis, which may hinder its specific identification by resulting in false positive signals. the assay consists of two duplex real-time pcr: the first pcr allows amplification of a sequence specific of the b. cereus group (b. anthracis, b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihe ... | 2010 | 20827474 |
| bacillus gaemokensis sp. nov., isolated from foreshore tidal flat sediment from the yellow sea. | a gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming organism, strain bl3-6(t), was isolated from tidal flat sediments of the yellow sea in the region of tae-an. a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the bacillus cereus group, and is closely related to bacillus mycoides (99.0% similarity), bacillus thuringiensis (99.0%), bacillus weihenstephanensis (99.0%), bacillus cereus (98.9%), bacillus anthracis (98.8%), and bacillus pseudomycoides (98.1%). the phylogenetic d ... | 2010 | 21221948 |
| using an insect model to assess correlation between temperature and virulence in bacillus weihenstephanensis and bacillus cereus. | the closely related bacterial species bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis are adapted to the mesophilic and the psychrotrophic temperature range, respectively. while b. cereus strains are associated with foodborne diseases, b. weihenstephanensis strains are so far not, although similar virulence genes are found in both species. our investigations show that both species were virulent in the insect model, galleria mellonella, following infection via oral and haemocoel routes. however, ... | 2011 | 21276046 |
| biodiversity of psychrotrophic bacteria of the bacillus cereus group collected on farm and in egg product industry. | the aim of the present study was (i) to type, by genotypic and phenotypic methods, a collection of psychrotrophic bacteria belonging to the bacillus cereus group collected in a farm and in 6 egg breaking industries during a period covering a warm and a cold season, and (ii) to characterize the egg product spoilage (growth in liquid whole egg) and the sanitary risk potential (cytotoxic activity on caco-2 cells and adhesion on stainless steel) of each isolate of the collection. the investigation o ... | 2010 | 21315982 |
| the influence of headspace and dissolved oxygen level on growth and haemolytic bl enterotoxin production of a psychrotolerant bacillus weihenstephanensis isolate on potato based ready-to-eat food products. | the major objective of this study was to determine the influence of the initial headspace and dissolved o(2) level and vacuum packaging on growth and diarrhoeal enterotoxin production by bacillus weihenstephanensis on potato based ready-to-eat food products. in general, the lower the initial headspace or dissolved o(2) level the slower the maximum growth rate (μ(max), log(10) cfu g(-1) d(-1)), the longer the lag phase duration (λ, d) and the smaller the maximum population density (n(max), log(10 ... | 2010 | 21315987 |
| the wet-heat resistance of bacillus weihenstephanensis kbab4 spores produced in a two-step sporulation process depends on sporulation temperature but not on previous cell history. | while bacterial spores are mostly produced in a continuous process, this study reports a two-step sporulation methodology. even though spore heat resistance of numerous spore-forming bacteria is known to be dependent on sporulation conditions, this approach enables the distinction between the vegetative cell growth phase in nutrient broth and the sporulation phase in specific buffer. this study aims at investigating whether the conditions of growth of the vegetative cells, prior to sporulation, ... | 2011 | 21354646 |
| mutually exclusive distribution of the sap and eag s-layer genes and the lytb/lyta cell wall hydrolase genes in bacillus thuringiensis. | recently, two bacillus thuringiensis strains were reported to synthesize parasporal inclusion bodies made not of the expected crystal (cry) proteins but rather of the surface layer proteins (slp) sap (encoded by sap) and ea1 (encoded by eag), respectively. whether the presence of the sap and eag genes is restricted to these two b. thuringiensis strains or ubiquitous in b. thuringiensis is unknown. we report here the distribution of the sap and eag genes in b. thuringiensis. strains in the bacill ... | 2011 | 21611767 |
| bacillus manliponensis sp. nov., a new member of the bacillus cereus group isolated from foreshore tidal flat sediment. | a gram-positive, endospore-forming, new bacillus species, strain bl4-6(t), was isolated from tidal flat sediment of the yellow sea. strain bl4-6(t) is a straight rod, with motility by peritrichate flagella. the cell wall contains meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the major respiratory quinone is menaquinone-7. the major fatty acids are iso-c(15:0) and summed feature 3 (containing c(16:1) ω7c/iso-c(15:0) 2oh, and/or iso-c(15:0) 2oh/c(16:1) ω7c). cells are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. the g ... | 2011 | 22203569 |
| Diagnostic properties of three conventional selective plating media for selection of Bacillus cereus, B. thuringiensis and B. weihenstephanensis. | The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic properties of the two selective plating media and a chromogenic medium for identification of Bacillus cereus. The 324 isolates were B. cereus (37%), Bacillus weihenstephanensis (45%) or Bacillus thuringiensis (18%), as identified by a new combination of techniques. All isolates were growing on mannitol-egg yolk-polymyxin agar (MYP), and they did not form acid from mannitol. However, a significant lower number of B. thuringiensis isolates did not ... | 2011 | 22083787 |
| modeling heat resistance of bacillus weihenstephanensis and bacillus licheniformis spores as function of sporulation temperature and ph. | although sporulation environmental factors are known to impact on bacillus spore heat resistance, they are not integrated into predictive models used to calculate the efficiency of heating processes. this work reports the influence of temperature and ph encountered during sporulation on heat resistance of bacillus weihenstephanensis kbab4 and bacillus licheniformis ad978 spores. a decrease in heat resistance (δ) was observed for spores produced either at low temperature, at high temperature or a ... | 2012 | 22265280 |
| nitrogen gas flushing can be bactericidal: the temperature-dependent destiny of bacillus weihenstephanensis kbab4 under a pure n2 atmosphere. | gram-negative pseudomonas and gram-positive bacillus are the most common spoilage bacteria in raw and pasteurized milk, respectively. in previous studies, nitrogen (n2) gas flushing treatments of raw and pasteurized milk at cold chain-temperatures inhibited bacterial spoilage and highlighted different susceptibilities to the n2 treatment with the exclusion of certain bacterial types. here, we investigated the effects of pure n2 gas flushing on representative strains of these genera grown in mono ... | 2014 | 25452751 |
| melanin-like pigment synthesis by soil bacillus weihenstephanensis isolates from northeastern poland. | although melanin is known for protecting living organisms from harmful physical and chemical factors, its synthesis is rarely observed among endospore-forming bacillus cereus sensu lato. here, for the first time, we reported that psychrotolerant bacillus weihenstephanensis from northeastern poland can produce melanin-like pigment. we assessed physicochemical properties of the pigment and the mechanism of its synthesis in relation to b. weihenstephanensis genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. ... | 2015 | 25909751 |
| characterization and complete sequence of lactonase enzyme from bacillus weihenstephanensis isolate p65 with potential activity against acyl homoserine lactone signal molecules. | acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) are the most common class of quorum sensing signal molecules (autoinducers) that have been reported to be essential for virulence of many relevant pathogenic bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa. new approach for controlling infections of such bacteria is through quorum quenching. in this study, the acyl homoserine lactone inhibitory activity of the crude enzyme from a bacillus weihenstephanensis-isolate p65 was characterized. the crude enzyme was found to have ... | 2013 | 23936779 |
| biodegradation of diesel oil by a novel microbial consortium: comparison between co-inoculation with biosurfactant-producing strain and exogenously added biosurfactants. | bioremediation, involving the use of microorganisms to detoxify or remove pollutants, is the most interesting strategy for hydrocarbon remediation. in this aim, four hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated from oil-contaminated soil in tunisia. they were identified by the 16s rdna sequence analysis, as lysinibacillus bronitolerans ri18 (kf964487), bacillus thuringiensis ri16 (km111604), bacillus weihenstephanensis ri12 (km094930), and acinetobacter radioresistens ri7 (kj829530). moreover, a ... | 2015 | 25994261 |
| use of silkworms to evaluate the pathogenicity of bacteria attached to cedar pollen. | injection of a japanese cedar pollen suspension into silkworm hemolymph kills the silkworms. a certain species of bacteria proliferated in the hemolymph of the dead silkworms. a 16s rdna analysis demonstrated that the proliferating bacteria were bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens. among them, b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, and b. weihenstephanensis exhibited hemolysis against sheep red blood cells and were lethal to mice. a culture ... | 2013 | 24071577 |
| maldi-tof ms portrait of emetic and non-emetic bacillus cereus group members. | the number of foodborne intoxications caused by emetic bacillus cereus isolates has increased significantly. as such, rapid and reliable methods to identify emetic strains appear to be clinically relevant. in this study, intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) was used to differentiate emetic and non-emetic bacilli. the phyloproteomic clustering of 34 b. cereus emetic and 88 non-emetic isolates classified as b. cereus, bacillus thur ... | 2016 | 27196540 |
| real-time pcr identification of unique bacillus anthracis sequences. | bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming, gram-positive microorganism. it is a causative agent of anthrax, a highly infectious disease. it belongs to the "bacillus cereus group", which contains other closely related species, including bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus pseudomycoides. b. anthracis naturally occurs in soil environments. the ba5345 genetic marker was used for highly specific detection of b. anthracis with taqman probe ... | 2015 | 26667574 |
| the genetic diversity of cereulide biosynthesis gene cluster indicates a composite transposon tnces in emetic bacillus weihenstephanensis. | cereulide is a cyclic dodecadepsipeptide ionophore, produced via non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps), which in rare cases can lead to human death. early studies had shown that emetic toxin formation belongs to a homogeneous group of bacillus cereus sensu stricto and the genetic determinants of cereulide (a 24-kb gene cluster of ceshptabcd) are located on a 270-kb plasmid related to the bacillus anthracis virulence plasmid pxo1. | 2014 | 24906385 |
| differentiation of strains from the bacillus cereus group by rflp-pfge genomic fingerprinting. | bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus weihenstephanensis, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus cereus belong to the b. cereus group. the last three species are characterized by different phenotype features and pathogenicity spectrum, but it has been shown that these species are genetically closely related. the macrorestriction analysis of the genomic dna with the noti enzyme was used to generate polymorphism of restriction profiles for 39 food-borne isolates (b ... | 2013 | 23893780 |
| bacillus weihenstephanensis characteristics are present in bacillus cereus and bacillus mycoides strains. | the bacillus cereus group comprises seven bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, bacillus cytotoxicus, and bacillus weihenstephanensis. bacillus weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its capability to grow at 7 °c but not at 43 °c, and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna and cspa genes and in several housekeeping genes: glpf, gmk, purh, and tpi. bacillus weihenstephanensis-specifi ... | 2013 | 23413955 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis serovars navarrensis, bolivia and vazensis and bacillus weihenstephanensis reveals a common phylogeny. | the bacillus cereus group sensu lato includes six closely-related bacterial species: bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides and bacillus weihenstephanensis. b. thuringiensis is distinguished from the other species mainly by the appearance of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis is distinguished based on its psychrotolerance and the presence of specific signature sequences in the 16s rrna gene and cspa genes. a ... | 2013 | 23073664 |
| temperature dependence of the proteome profile of the psychrotolerant pathogenic food spoiler bacillus weihenstephanensis type strain wsbc 10204. | bacillus weihenstephanensis is a subspecies of the bacillus cereus sensu lato group of spore-forming bacteria known to cause food spoilage or food poisoning. the key distinguishing phenotype of b. weihenstephanensis is its ability to grow below 7 °c or, from a food safety perspective, to grow and potentially produce toxins in a refrigerated environment. comparison of the proteome profile of b. weihenstephanensis upon its exposure to different culturing conditions can reveal clues to the mechanis ... | 2015 | 25853650 |
| crystalliferous bacillus cereus group bacteria from a maryland hardwood forest are dominated by psychrotolerant strains. | crystal-forming bacteria of the bacillus cereus group were isolated from soil samples collected at different elevations within a mixed hardwood forest in central maryland, and their phylogenetic relationships determined by multilocus sequence analysis. the vast majority of isolates obtained were associated with two phylogenetic groups known to be psychrotolerant, with very few isolates representing phylogenetic groups more typically associated with bacillus thuringiensis. isolates from the psych ... | 2014 | 24985699 |
| toxin production and growth of pathogens subjected to temperature fluctuations simulating consumer handling of cold cuts. | it is crucial for the quality and safety of ready-to-eat (rte) foods to maintain the cold chain from production to consumption. the effect of temperature abuse related to daily meals and elevated refrigerator temperatures on the growth and toxin production of bacillus cereus, bacillus weihenstephanensis and staphylococcus aureus and the growth of listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica was studied. a case study with temperature loggings in the domestic environment during easter and ch ... | 2014 | 24935689 |
| diversity of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of cereulide-producing isolates of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis. | bacillus cereus is an important foodborne pathogen causing diarrhoea, emesis and in, rare cases, lethal poisonings. the emetic syndrome is caused by cereulide, a heat-stable toxin. originally considered as a rather homogenous group, the emetic strains have since been shown to display some diversity, including the existence of two clusters of mesophilic b. cereus and psychrotolerant b. weihenstephanensis. using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis, this research aimed to better unders ... | 2014 | 24627989 |
| germination and proliferation of emetic bacillus cereus sensu lato strains in milk. | the bacillus cereus sensu lato group includes potentially pathogenic bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and, importantly, could also be present in food products. this study focuses on emetic isolates which presumably could cause acute food poisoning and emetic syndrome. here, we evaluate the ability of psychrotolerant bacillus weihenstephanensis mc118 (isolated from soil) and mesophilic b. cereus bod3/9 isolated from milk to germinate and multiply at 7 and 30 °c. whereas the rates o ... | 2013 | 23546831 |
| pathogenic psychrotolerant sporeformers: an emerging challenge for low-temperature storage of minimally processed foods. | sporeforming bacteria are a significant problem in the food industry as they are ubiquitous in nature and capable of resisting inactivation by heat and chemical treatments designed to inactivate them. beyond spoilage issues, psychrotolerant sporeformers are becoming increasingly recognized as a potential hazard given the ever-expanding demand for refrigerated processed foods with extended shelf-life. in these products, the sporeforming pathogens of concern are bacillus cereus, bacillus weihenste ... | 2013 | 23536982 |
| discrimination between mesophilic and psychrotolerant strains in the bacillus cereus group based on the psti digestion of the pyca gene. | a simple and rapid assay for the detection of bacillus weihenstephanensis isolates and other psychrotolerant strains in the bacillus cereus group was developed. it is based on the presence of a nucleotide substitution at position 795 on the housekeeping pyca gene in all b. weihenstephanensis strains. this mutation creates a psti recognition site. it is absent in mesophilic strains in the b. cereus group. the pyca gene is amplified by pcr and the amplicons submitted to psti digestions. in mesophi ... | 2013 | 23475137 |
| activation of bacillus spores at moderately elevated temperatures (30-33 °c). | the time/temperature profiles experienced by spores on the track from their natural sporulation environment to consumable food products may be highly diverse. temperature has been documented as an important factor that may activate spores, i.e. potentiates spores to germinate. there is, however, limited knowledge about the relationship between the expected temperature history and the subsequent germination characteristics of bacterial spores. we show here that the germination rate of five differ ... | 2013 | 23132276 |
| development of a high-resolution melting-based approach for efficient differentiation among bacillus cereus group isolates. | strains belonging to bacillus cereus group include six different species, among which are bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus cereus sensu stricto, a causative agent of food poisoning. sequence of the panc-housekeeping gene is used for b. cereus group affiliation to seven major phylogenetic groups (i-vii) with different ecological niches and variations in thermal growth range and spore heat resistance of b. cereus group microorganisms varies among phylogenetic group ... | 2012 | 22881064 |
| modelling the effects of temperature and osmotic shifts on the growth kinetics of bacillus weihenstephanensis in broth and food products. | bacillus weihenstephanensis is a psychrotolerant bacterium belonging to the bacillus cereus group. some strains may be cytotoxic although they have not been described as food-poisoning agents so far. the objective of this work is to model the effects of temperature and a(w) downshifts on the lag time of b. weihenstephanensis and the dependence of μ(max) on the growth conditions (temperature and a(w)). effects of temperature downshifts were studied on 30 experimental conditions (shifts magnitude ... | 2012 | 22795512 |
| temperature-dependent production of various plcr-controlled virulence factors in bacillus weihenstephanensis strain kbab4. | the bacillus cereus sensu lato complex has recently been divided into several phylogenetic groups with clear differences in growth temperature range. however, only a few studies have investigated the actual pathogenic potential of the psychrotolerant strains of the b. cereus group at low temperature, and little information is available concerning gene expression at low temperature. we found that vegetative cells of the psychrotolerant b. weihenstephanensis strain kbab4 were pathogenic against th ... | 2012 | 22307282 |
| family portrait of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis cereulide-producing strains. | two thousand bacillus cereus sensu lato isolates from food and environmental matrices were screened by pcr for the presence of cereulide-producing strains. this survey identified 73 potential emetic strains, most of which originated from non-random food and clinical samplings. none of the 460 bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides and bacillus pseudomycoides strains were pcr-positive for the cereulide genetic determinants. the chromosomal and extrachromosomal gene pool diversity of a subset o ... | 2009 | 23765791 |
| modeling the recovery of heat-treated bacillus licheniformis ad978 and bacillus weihenstephanensis kbab4 spores at suboptimal temperature and ph using growth limits. | the apparent heat resistance of spores of bacillus weihenstephanensis and bacillus licheniformis was measured and expressed as the time to first decimal reduction (δ value) at a given recovery temperature and ph. spores of b. weihenstephanensis were produced at 30°c and 12°c, and spores of b. licheniformis were produced at 45°c and 20°c. b. weihenstephanensis spores were then heat treated at 85°c, 90°c, and 95°c, and b. licheniformis spores were heat treated at 95°c, 100°c, and 105°c. heat-treat ... | 2015 | 25381235 |
| sporulation boundaries and spore formation kinetics of bacillus spp. as a function of temperature, ph and a(w). | sporulation niches in the food chain are considered as a source of hazard and are not clearly identified. determining the sporulation environmental boundaries could contribute to identify potential sporulation niches. spore formation was determined in a sporulation mineral buffer. the effect of incubation temperature, ph and water activity on time to one spore per ml, maximum sporulation rate and final spore concentration was investigated for a bacillus weihenstephanensis and a bacillus lichenif ... | 2012 | 22850377 |
| identification and characterization of psychrotolerant sporeformers associated with fluid milk production and processing. | psychrotolerant spore-forming bacteria represent a major challenge to the goal of extending the shelf life of pasteurized dairy products. the objective of this study was to identify prominent phylogenetic groups of dairy-associated aerobic sporeformers and to characterize representative isolates for phenotypes relevant to growth in milk. analysis of sequence data for a 632-nucleotide fragment of rpob showed that 1,288 dairy-associated isolates (obtained from raw and pasteurized milk and from dai ... | 2012 | 22247129 |
| application of ultrasound in combination with heat and pressure for the inactivation of spore forming bacteria isolated from edible crab (cancer pagurus). | this research was performed to characterize the resistance of three different bacterial spore species isolated from pasteurized edible crab (cancer pagurus) meat to heat treatments and to assess the potential of manosonication (ms) and manothermosonication (mts) as an alternative for their inactivation. the spore-forming bacteria used in this study were bacillus mycoides, bacillus weihenstephanensis and psychrobacillus psychrodurans. the thermal resistance of these three species was determined a ... | 2016 | 26874861 |
| biosorption of congo red from aqueous solution by bacillus weihenstephanensis ri12; effect of spb1 biosurfactant addition on biodecolorization potency. | bacillus weihenstephanensis ri12, isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil, was assessed for congo red bio-treatment potency. results suggested the potential of this bacterium for use in effective treatment of congo red contaminated wastewaters under shaking conditions at acidic and neutral ph value. the strain could tolerate higher doses of dyes as it could decolorize up to 1,000 mg/l of congo red. when used as microbial surfactant to enhance congo red biodecolorization, bacillus subtilis sp ... | 2015 | 26360745 |
| regulated dna rearrangement during sporulation in bacillus weihenstephanensis kbab4. | temperate phages can integrate their genomes into a specific region of a host chromosome to produce lysogens (prophage). during genome insertion, prophages may interrupt the gene coding sequence. in bacillus subtilis, the sigma factor gene sigk is interrupted by a 48 kb prophage-like element. sigk is a composite coding sequence from two partial genes during sporulation. for over two decades, however, no further examples of dna element-mediated gene reconstitution other than sigk have been identi ... | 2013 | 24015831 |
| bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus weihenstephanensis inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic verticillium species. | verticillium wilt causes severe yield losses in a broad range of economically important crops worldwide. as many soil fumigants have a severe environmental impact, new biocontrol strategies are needed. members of the genus bacillus are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb) as well as biocontrol agents of pests and diseases. in this study, we isolated 267 bacillus strains from root-associated soil of field-grown tomato plants. we evaluated the antifungal potential of 20 phenotypically d ... | 2016 | 28149292 |
| mrna biomarkers selection based on partial least square algorithm in order to further predict bacillus weihenstephanensis acid resistance. | in order to integrate omics data to quantitative microbiological risk assessment in foods, gene expressions may serve as bacterial behaviour biomarkers. in this study an integrative approach encompassing predictive modelling and mrnas quantifications, was followed to select molecular biomarkers to further predict the acid resistance of bacillus weihenstephanensis. a multivariate analysis was performed to correlate the acid bacterial resistance and the gene expression of vegetative cells with or ... | 2015 | 25481067 |
| impact of matric potential and pore size distribution on growth dynamics of filamentous and non-filamentous soil bacteria. | the filamentous growth form is an important strategy for soil microbes to bridge air-filled pores in unsaturated soils. in particular, fungi perform better than bacteria in soils during drought, a property that has been ascribed to the hyphal growth form of fungi. however, it is unknown if, and to what extent, filamentous bacteria may also display similar advantages over non-filamentous bacteria in soils with low hydraulic connectivity. in addition to allowing for microbial interactions and comp ... | 2013 | 24391805 |
| sensitivity of bacillus weihenstephanensis to acidic changes of the medium is not dependant on physiological state. | this study aims to quantify the effect of salt and acid preliminary exposure on acid resistance of vegetative cells of bacillus weihenstephanensis. the psychrotolerant strain kbab4 was cultured until the mid-exponentially phase (i) in bhi, (ii) in bhi supplemented with 2.5% salt or (iii) in bhi acidified at ph 5.5 with hcl. the growing cells were subsequently inactivated in lethal acid conditions ranging from 4.45 to 4.70. based on statistical criteria, a primary mixed-weibull model was used to ... | 2013 | 24010627 |
| complete genome sequence of the novel phage mg-b1 infecting bacillus weihenstephanensis. | here, we describe a novel virulent bacteriophage that infects bacillus weihenstephanensis, isolated from soil in austria. it is the first phage to be discovered that infects this species. here, we present the complete genome sequence of this podovirus. | 2013 | 23766400 |
| prediction of bacillus weihenstephanensis acid resistance: the use of gene expression patterns to select potential biomarkers. | exposure to mild stress conditions can activate stress adaptation mechanisms and provide cross-resistance towards otherwise lethal stresses. in this study, an approach was followed to select molecular biomarkers (quantitative gene expressions) to predict induced acid resistance after exposure to various mild stresses, i.e. exposure to sublethal concentrations of salt, acid and hydrogen peroxide during 5 min to 60 min. gene expression patterns of unstressed and mildly stressed cells of bacillus w ... | 2013 | 23582520 |
| catalase activity as a biomarker for mild-stress-induced robustness in bacillus weihenstephanensis. | microorganisms are able to survive and grow in changing environments by activating stress adaptation mechanisms which may enhance bacterial robustness. stress-induced enhanced robustness complicates the predictability of microbial inactivation. using psychrotolerant bacillus weihenstephanensis strain kbab4 as a model, we investigated the impact of the culturing temperature on mild-oxidative-stress-induced (cross-)protection toward multiple stresses, including severe oxidative, heat, and acid str ... | 2013 | 23064331 |
| an integrative approach to identify bacillus weihenstephanensis resistance biomarkers using gene expression quantification throughout acid inactivation. | the aim of this study was to define an integrative approach to identify resistance biomarkers using gene expression quantification and mathematical modelling. mid-exponentially growing cells were transferred into acid conditions (bhi, ph 4.6) to obtain inactivation kinetics, performed in triplicate. the inactivation curve was fitted with a mixed weibull model. this model allowed to differentiate two subpopulations with various acid resistances among the initial population. in parallel, different ... | 2012 | 22850389 |
| keratinase production and biodegradation of whole chicken feather keratin by a newly isolated bacterium under submerged fermentation. | a new feather-degrading bacterium pkd 5 was isolated from feather dumping soil and identified as bacillus weihenstephanensis based on morphological and physiochemical characteristics as well as 16s rrna gene analysis. extracellular keratinase was produced during submerged aerobic cultivation in a medium containing chicken feather as sole carbon and energy source and supplemented with salt solutions (nacl 5.0, mgso₄ 1.0, k₂hpo₄ 1.0, (nh₄)₂so₄, 2.0 g/l). the optimal conditions for keratinase produ ... | 2012 | 22246728 |
| cereulide production by bacillus weihenstephanensis strains during growth at different ph values and temperatures. | besides bacillus cereus, some strains of the psychrotolerant, potentially foodborne pathogen bacillus weihenstephanensis can produce the emetic toxine (cereulide). this toxin is a heat- and acid-stable cyclic dodecadepsipeptide that causes food intoxication with vomiting. however, some severe clinical cases with lethal outcomes have been described. if cereulide can be produced during refrigerated storage, it will not be inactivated by reheating food, representing an important risk of food intoxi ... | 2017 | 28399995 |