| experimental inoculation of conventional pigs with tissue homogenates from pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | this report describes the experimental inoculation of conventional pigs with a tissue homogenate obtained from two pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). eight 2-month-old pigs were inoculated by the intranasal route, and two pigs were left as uninfected controls. clinical signs, rectal temperatures and body weights were recorded. pigs were necropsied at days 14 or 21 post-inoculation, and tissue samples were taken for histopathology and porcine circovirus (pcv) in ... | 1999 | 10405306 |
| reproduction of lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by infection of conventional pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 alone or in combination with porcine parvovirus. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) has recently emerged as an important disease of pigs in north america, europe and asia. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) have been isolated from affected pigs. to investigate the pathogenicity of these isolates, groups of colostrum-deprived conventional pigs were inoculated with pcv2 alone (n=4), ppv alone (n=3) or dually with pcv2 and ppv (n=7) and examined post mortem between 21 and 26 days post-infection (dpi). tw ... | 2000 | 10627387 |
| identification of porcine circovirus in tissues of pigs with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. | thirty-three pigs affected by porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, 30 from spain and three from the usa, were investigated in order to detect porcine circovirus (pcv) in their tissues. a standard in situ hybridisation technique using a specific dna 317-bp probe based on a well-conserved sequence of pcv (which recognises both pcv-1 and pcv-2) was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. twenty-eight of the 30 spanish pigs and all three american pigs had pcv in at least one ti ... | 2000 | 10678809 |
| coinfection by porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus in pigs with naturally acquired postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is an emerging disease in swine. recently, the disease has been reproduced with inocula containing a newly described porcine circovirus (pcv), designated pcv 2, and porcine parvovirus (ppv). in order to determine if these viruses interact in naturally acquired pmws, affected tissues from field cases were examined by immunohistochemistry (ihc) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for pcv 2 and ppv, as well as by pcr for the other recognized porcine ... | 2000 | 10690771 |
| porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in korean pig: detection of porcine circovirus 2 infection by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. | this report describes the first diagnosis of porcine circovirus (pcv) infection in weaned pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in korea by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. the most unique lesions were multifocal granulomatous inflammation affecting lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, characterized by infiltrates of epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. circoviral antigen was detected in formalin-fixed sections and was usually present in large, rou ... | 2000 | 10730945 |
| a sequential study of experimental infection of pigs with porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus: immunostaining of cryostat sections and virus isolation. | the sequential tissue distribution of virus was investigated using virus isolation and immunofluorescence tests in 1-day-old piglets inoculated with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and/or porcine parvovirus (ppv). enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were seen in the pig inoculated with pcv2 alone and killed at 26 days post-inoculation (pi). one of the pigs inoculated with pcv2 and ppv and killed at 21 days pi had an enlarged liver. the pig killed at 26 days pi in this group had enlarged liver, kidneys a ... | 2000 | 10763376 |
| viral wasting syndrome of swine: experimental reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in gnotobiotic swine by coinfection with porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus. | one-day-old gnotobiotic piglets were inoculated intranasally with in vitro passaged porcine circovirus 1 (pcv-1), pcv-2, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) alone or in combination (pcv-1/pcv-2, pcv-1/ppv, and pcv-2/ppv). piglets were evaluated for 1) the development of porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), 2) distribution of viral antigens by immunochemistry, and 3) viremia and the presence of viral dna in nasal and ocular secretions and feces. all single agent-infected piglets an ... | 2000 | 10810990 |
| development of probes to differentiate porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 in vitro by in situ hybridization. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1), a pk-15 cell line contaminant, and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), are genetically and antigenically related. several techniques have been developed to detect pcv, including in situ hybridization (ish). previously reported probes used for ish may hybridize with both pcv1 and pcv2 nucleic acids. we attempted to produce probes for ish that can detect and differentiate pcv2 from pcv1 in pcv-infec ... | 2000 | 10865154 |
| pdns, pmws and porcine circovirus type 2 in scotland. porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | | 2000 | 10872790 |
| characterization of immune response of young pigs to porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | a longitudinal study was conducted to characterize the immune response of young swine to infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). five 8-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intranasally and intramuscularly with a field isolate of pcv-2 at a concentration of 10(4) tcid50/ml. along with monitoring for clinical signs and viremia, serum samples were collected from all pigs at day 0 and thereafter every 7 days postinoculation (pi) until the termination of the s ... | 2000 | 10892995 |
| absence of evidence for porcine circovirus type 2 in cattle and humans, and lack of seroconversion or lesions in experimentally infected sheep. | no antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 were detected in sera from cattle, sheep and humans. experimental infection of lambs with this virus failed to produce lesions or seroconversion. | 2000 | 10893163 |
| retrospective serological survey of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2. | a retrospective serological survey was performed to determine the presence of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in serum samples collected from sows at slaughterhouses in canada in 1985, 1989, and 1997. each serum sample was tested by indirect immunofluorescence on pcv-free pk15 cells, on pcv1-infected pk15 cells and on pcv2-infected pk15 cells. for the 3 years studied, sera positive to pcv1 and pcv2 were identified and the number of sera positiv ... | 2000 | 10935885 |
| open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), a single-stranded dna virus associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of swine, has two potential open reading frames, orf1 and orf2, greater than 600 nucleotides in length. orf1 is predicted to encode a replication-associated protein (rep) essential for replication of viral dna, while orf2 contains a conserved basic amino acid sequence at the n terminus resembling that of the major structural protein of chicken anaemia virus. thus far, the structur ... | 2000 | 10950986 |
| isolation and characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs showing signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in the netherlands. | pigs with wasting syndrome were examined for macroscopic and histopathological lesions, and for porcine circovirus (pcv). histopathological lesions were comparable to those previously documented for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in addition, in seven out of ten examined pmws-affected pigs focal-to-slight mononuclear meningitis and focal cerebral mononuclear infiltrates (4 out of 10) were observed. a virus was isolated from organs and sera from pigs showing wasting syndrome. ... | 2000 | 10952449 |
| development and application of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2. | we report the development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) for the detection of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the agent associated with the recently described postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. at present, no method has been published describing a c-elisa for the detection of antibodies to pcv2, and currently employed tests are impractical for use in some laboratories. the assay described here uses a cell culture isolate of porcine c ... | 2000 | 11021425 |
| experimental transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in weaned pigs: a sequential study. | weaned specific pathogen-free pigs were inoculated intranasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and killed in groups of two or three animals at 6, 13, 20, 27 and 34 days post-inoculation (dpi), together with appropriate uninfected controls, for examination by histopathological, immunohistochemical (immunogold silver staining; igss), polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and viral isolation techniques. serum samples were also collected for detection of antibodies. no major clinical signs were obs ... | 2000 | 11041995 |
| distribution of porcine parvovirus in porcine circovirus 2-infected pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome as shown by in-situ hybridization. | in-situ hybridization with a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labelled probe was used to study the distribution of porcine parvovirus (ppv) in formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded tissues from 10 porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-infected weaned pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). a 226 base pair dna fragment from a vp2 structural gene was generated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and used as a probe. lymph node, spleen, thymus and tonsil were positive by pcr, ... | 2000 | 11042001 |
| pcr detection and evidence of shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 in boar semen. | an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the potential presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the semen of infected boars. four mature boars were inoculated intranasally with pcv2 isolate lhva-v53 propagated on pk15 cells. two boars inoculated with the supernatant of noninfected pk15 cells were kept as controls. serum samples were collected from all boars at 4, 7, 11, 13, 18, 21, 25, 28, 35, and 55 days postinoculation (dpi) and from the four pcv2-infected boars at 90 dpi. sample ... | 2000 | 11101608 |
| retrospective study of porcine circovirus 2 infection in japan: seven cases in 1989. | retrospectively, we demonstrated that seven pigs necropsied in 1989 had characteristic porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) lymphoid tissue lesions of severe lymphoid depletion, syncytial giant cell formation, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in macrophages. immunohistochemically, pcv-2 antigen was detected in these tissues and the distribution of positive staining corresponded to the distribution of inclusion bodies. electron microscopy demonstrated viral particles compatible with porcine pcv-2. t ... | 2000 | 11105959 |
| hepatitis and staging of hepatic damage in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | a total of 100 liver samples from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) were studied. all livers were evaluated microscopically and were staged based on the severity and localization of lesions. presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) was evaluated using an in situ hybridization technique. eighty-eight of 100 livers (88%) had a variable degree of lymphohistiocytic hepatitis, with apoptotic bodies, disorganization of hepatic plates, and/or perilobular fibrosis. twelve ... | 2000 | 11105965 |
| analysis of seroconversion to porcine circovirus 2 among veterinarians from the united states and canada. | | 2000 | 11110452 |
| bacterial expression of an immunologically reactive pcv2 orf2 fusion protein. | the entire coding region of open reading frame 2 (orf2) of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) was linked to the 3'-end of the maltose-binding protein (mbp)-his(8)-tag gene. the fusion protein was expressed as soluble form after induction by isopropylthio-beta-d-galactoside. mbp-his(8)-orf2 was purified to homogeneity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography based on the interaction of the polyhistidine-tag with metal ions. expression could represent 1% of the total protein in escherichia coli, allo ... | 2001 | 11162395 |
| activation of the immune system is the pivotal event in the production of wasting disease in pigs infected with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2). | porcine circovirus (pcv)-2, a newly described single-stranded circular dna virus pathogen of swine is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in gnotobiotic piglets, pcv-2 infection alone produces asymptomatic infection without evidence of overt pmws. gnotobiotic piglets infected with pcv-2 were injected with keyhole limpet hemocyanin in incomplete freund's adjuvant (klh/icfa), and the effects on virus production and development of pmws were determined. in the first exper ... | 2001 | 11199162 |
| viral replication and lesions in balb/c mice experimentally inoculated with porcine circovirus isolated from a pig with postweaning multisystemic wasting disease. | eight-week-old balb/c mice were either sham inoculated (control mice) or were inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) and intranasally (in) with a single (spcv mice) or multiple (mpcv mice) doses of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). four control mice and 4 spcv mice were sacrificed 7, 14, 28, and 42 days postinoculation (pi). all 4 mpcv mice were sacrificed 42 days pi. in addition, 7-day and 14-day pregnant balb/c mice were either sham inoculated (control mice) or were inoculated ip and in with a single do ... | 2001 | 11199167 |
| experimental infection of colostrum deprived piglets with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) potentiates pcv2 replication. | experimental infection of colostrum-deprived (cd) pigs with a combined inoculum of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) potentiated the replication and distribution of pcv2 virus, when compared with pigs inoculated with pcv2 alone. the replication and distribution of prrsv in dually infected pigs was not enhanced, when compared to pigs inoculated with prrsv alone. the mechanisms involved in the potentiation of pcv2 replication in pcv2/prrsv ... | 2000 | 11205128 |
| optimized protocols for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 dna from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using nested polymerase chain reaction and comparison of nested pcr with in situ hybridization. | optimized dna extraction method and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were developed for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. conventional pcr, nested pcr, and in situ hybridization methods were also compared for the detection of pcv2 in archival tissues. a method based on xylene deparaffinization followed by proteinase k digestion yielded dna of sufficient quality for pcr analyses reliably and consistently. twenty-six (70%) of the 37 ... | 2001 | 11226557 |
| dual infection with pcv-2 and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in neonatal piglets. | | 2001 | 11334076 |
| granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis in iberian pigs naturally infected with lawsonia intracellularis. | intestinal samples and/or lymph nodes of two iberian pigs from two different farms were submitted for histopathologic examination. both pigs had proliferation of ileal and/or cecal crypts with almost complete absence of goblet cells. infection by lawsonia intracellularis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction assay. the mesenteric lymph node of one pig had moderate lymphocyte depletion with granulomatous inflammation of the lymph node parenchyma. histiocytes and m ... | 2001 | 11355669 |
| isolation and characterization of porcine circovirus 2 from cases of sow abortion and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. | we report the isolation and characterisation of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) from cases of sow abortion and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. the results suggest that the clinical scope of pcv2 infections requires continuous re-evaluation. | 2001 | 11402869 |
| [three cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) due to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv 2) in switzerland]. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv 2) was found in three five- and nine-week-old pigs from two feeder pig producer farms. clinical signs were persistent diarrhea and wasting. the animals showed histomorphologic changes characteristic for "postweaning multisystemic syndrome" (pmws). one animal had the typical basophilic intracytoplasmatic circoviral inclusion bodies in the peyer's patches of the ileum. circoviral dna was detected in the lymphatic organs as well as in the liver. this case report is th ... | 2001 | 11407249 |
| nuclear localization of the orf2 protein encoded by porcine circovirus type 2. | infectious porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was generated following transfection of a porcine retina cell line (vido r1) with cloned circovirus dna. expression of open reading frame 2 (orf2) was detected at 24 h postinfection and onwards increasingly throughout the infection by western blot analysis using orf2 specific polyclonal antibody. moreover, the orf2 protein was also detected in purified pcv2 virus, indicating that orf2 is a structural component of pcv2 viral capsid. nuclear localization ... | 2001 | 11414809 |
| lack of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 virus in beef and dairy cattle and horses in western canada. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a recently recognized agent that is consistently associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting disease in swine. there are conflicting data concerning the ability of this virus to infect and cause disease in other species. to determine if normal cattle, cattle affected with various illnesses, and normal horses in endemic areas of pcv2 infection in swine have had pcv2 infections, 100 randomly selected bovine sera, 100 equine sera, and 100 colostrum samples ... | 2001 | 11424578 |
| production, characterisation and applications of monoclonal antibodies to porcine circovirus 2. | the production, preliminary characterisation and applications of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against six porcine circovirus 2 isolates are described. a total of 14 stable hybridomas were produced, of which 7 were characterised. all of the mabs characterised were of igg isotype. all the mabs tested reacted by iif with acetone-fixed cell cultures infected with pcv2 isolates from canada, france, spain, denmark, usa and uk. no cross-reactivity with a porcine circovirus 1 field isolate was demonstra ... | 2001 | 11448029 |
| association of porcine circovirus 2 with reproductive failure in pigs: a retrospective study, 1995-1998. | in order to determine if vertically transmitted porcine circovirus (pcv) has played a role in reproductive failure in pigs in areas of endemic infection, archival fixed tissues were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and immunohistochemistry. tissues tested were from routine cases of abortion or reproductive failure submitted between 1995 and 1998 to the diagnostic laboratory at the western college of veterinary medicine, saskatoon. they originated from 29 high-health herds in the provi ... | 2001 | 11467183 |
| multiple porcine circovirus 2-associated abortions and reproductive failure in a multisite swine production unit. | porcine circovirus type 2 was detected in several stillborn and nonviable neonatal piglets presenting with chronic passive congestion, cardiac hypertrophy, and severe diffuse myocarditis. the presence of the virus in the heart and other tissues of affected piglets was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and virus isolation techniques. other reproductive losses and associated infectious agents in the herd are discussed. | 2001 | 11467184 |
| colocalization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2 in porcine dermatitis and nephrology syndrome by double-labeling technique. | simultaneous detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) was achieved by a double-labeling technique using a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in five pigs with naturally occurring porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). both prrsv and pcv2 were isolated from a homogenate of pooled skin and kidney from three pigs. prrsv rna was demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 2001 | 11467478 |
| changes in peripheral blood leukocyte populations in pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the objective of the present study was to analyze, by flow cytometry, changes in pbmc subsets in pigs having postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a new condition associated to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection. thirteen acutely pmws affected pigs were selected from a farm seronegative to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and to aujeszky's disease virus (adv); 11 clinically healthy pigs were selected from a high health farm with no history of pmws ... | 2001 | 11498245 |
| identification of an immunorelevant orf2 epitope from porcine circovirus type 2 as a serological marker for experimental and natural infection. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is a recently identified disease of pigs linked to the emergence of a new porcine circovirus (pcv2). we report here the characterization of immunorelevant linear b-cell epitopes of the open reading frame 2-encoded protein (orf2) from pcv2 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using experimental antisera collected from pigs inoculated with a pcv2 isolate. two epitopes spanning residues 69 to 83 and 117 to 131 were specific to pcv2. anti ... | 2001 | 11504425 |
| differentiation of porcine circovirus (pcv)-1 and pcv-2 in boar semen using a multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction. | a multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the detection of and differentiation between porcine circovirus (pcv)-1 and pcv-2 in boar semen. eighteen (30%) and 30 (50%) out of 60 whole semen samples were found to be positive for pcv using multiplex conventional pcr and multiplex nested pcr, respectively. of the 30 positive samples obtained using multiplex nested pcr, two were found to be positive for pcv-1 only, eight for pcv-2 only, and 20 for pcv-1 and pcv-2. when the ... | 2001 | 11543881 |
| porcine circovirus 2 infection in swine foetuses inoculated at different stages of gestation. | the ability of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) to replicate and cause pathologic abnormalities in foetuses at selected time points of gestation was examined in this study. two foetuses were inoculated in utero in each of two sows at 57, 75 and 92 days of gestation, respectively, with pcv2 (1121). the remaining foetuses were left uninoculated to assess whether intra-uterine spread occurred. twenty-one days after inoculation, the foetuses were collected and examined for gross lesions and for virus and ... | 2001 | 11557157 |
| simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in pigs with pmws by multiplex pcr. | | 2001 | 11570792 |
| experimental reproduction of severe disease in cd/cd pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | three-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (cd/cd) pigs were inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2, n = 19), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv, n = 13), concurrent pcv2 and prrsv (pcv2/prrsv, n = 17), or a sham inoculum (n = 12) to compare the independent and combined effects of these agents. necropsies were performed at 7, 10, 14, 21, 35, and 49 days postinoculation (dpi) or when pigs became moribund. by 10 dpi, pcv2/prrsv-inoculated pigs had severe dy ... | 2001 | 11572560 |
| clinical and pathological observations on pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the aim of this work was to characterise the lesions and agents present in clinically normal and clinically affected pigs on a farm during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), and to evaluate the diagnostic techniques for detecting porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) and other microorganisms. four pigs in the early stage and 11 pigs in the late stage of the disease, and eight clinically normal pigs were necropsied. samples of lymphoid tissue and serum were also obtaine ... | 2001 | 11594382 |
| immunohistochemical characterisation of the lymph node reaction in pig post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the superficial inguinal lymph nodes of 10 piglets which had died spontaneously of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), in which the porcine circovirus type ii (pcv-ii) genome was revealed by pcr, were submitted to immunohistochemical investigation for cd4, cd8, igm, mac387, s-100 protein, vimentin and f-viii-ra and compared with three normal cases. the lymph node reaction was graded as initial, intermediate and end stage according to histological criteria. in the initial and inte ... | 2001 | 11604161 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection status in pigs naturally affected with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in spain. | the purpose of the study reported here was to determine the prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in pigs affected with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a disease believed to be caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). from may 1997 to february 2000, pmws was diagnosed in 277 pigs (from 120 farms) submitted to the veterinary pathology diagnostic service, veterinary school of barcelona, spain. in each case, the pmws diagnosis was based on ... | 2002 | 11792488 |
| an experimental model for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in growing piglets. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is a comparatively new disease of swine, and known to occur in france since 1996. a porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is found in the lesions of affected piglets. six piglets aged 10-13 weeks were obtained from a french pmws-affected farm. two showing characteristic signs of pmws (palor, weakness and emaciation) remained in poor condition and were finally killed 6 and 9 days after their arrival in the experimental unit. tissue homogenates from th ... | 2001 | 11798246 |
| the effects of immuno-modulation on the clinical and pathological expression of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), primarily caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), is an economically important disease of pigs in many countries. a trial was designed to investigate the hypothesis that non-specific immuno-modulation can influence the clinical and pathological expression of pmws in pigs naturally infected with pcv-2. eighty-four pigs on a commercial pig farm were allocated to three groups of 28 pigs each, during an outbreak of pmws. the pigs in the first ... | 2002 | 11814320 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of pigs in korea: prevalence, microscopic lesions and coexisting microorganisms. | a retrospective study was performed on natural cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), recorded from january 1999 to december 2000, to determine the prevalence, microscopic lesions, and other coexisting pathogens associated with pmws. pmws is diagnosed based on three criteria: the presence of clinical signs (retardation of growth), characteristic microscopic lesions (granulomatous inflammation and inclusion body), and the presence of porcine circovirus (pcv)-2 within these le ... | 2002 | 11853147 |
| kinetics of porcine circovirus type 2 replication. | the kinetics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) replication in pk15 cells was examined. during productive infection, viral antigens, rna transcripts and progeny viruses all increased in a time dependent manner. viral antigens were observed in a few cells at 18 hour postinfection (h p.i.) and cell-free progeny viruses began to appear at about 30 h p.i. viral transcripts were detected by 18 h p.i. and the capsid protein rna of 950 nucleotides (nt) was the most abundant rna species. two other rnas ... | 2002 | 11855635 |
| infectious agents identified in pigs with multifocal interstitial nephritis at slaughter. | one kidney was taken from each of 100 pigs at slaughter; 50 had gross lesions of multifocal interstitial nephritis and 50 had no gross lesions. forty-nine of the affected kidneys had lesions that were characterised by the presence of either a few randomly distributed or numerous widely disseminated pale foci, 1 to 3 mm in diameter, on the cortical surface (white-dotted kidneys). microscopically, these focal inflammatory lesions often had a distinct lymphofollicular pattern (follicular nephritis) ... | 2002 | 11871667 |
| changes in cd4(+), cd8(+), cd4(+) cd8(+), and immunoglobulin m-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected pigs and age-matched uninfected wasted and healthy pigs correlate with lesions and porcine circovirus type 2 load in lymphoid tissues. | forty-one 8- to 12-week-old wasted pigs were selected from several conventional farms with histories of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and classified into two groups according to their porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection status, as determined by in situ hybridization (ish). twenty-four pigs tested positive for pcv2 (pcv2-positive group), while 17 pigs tested negative for pcv2 (pcv2-negative group). in addition, eight uninfected healthy pigs from an experimental farm wer ... | 2002 | 11874858 |
| experimental inoculation of conventional pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is a disease of nursery and fattening pigs characterized by growth retardation, paleness of the skin, dyspnea, and increased mortality rates. porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) has been demonstrated to be the cause of pmws. however, other factors are needed for full development of the syndrome, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection has been suggested to be one of them. twenty-four conventional 5-week-old pigs were dis ... | 2002 | 11884547 |
| dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 infection in a herd of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | to determine the pattern of infection for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a herd of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | 2002 | 11911570 |
| evaluation of a porcine circovirus type 2-specific antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs: comparison with virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, and the polymerase chain reaction. | quantitative virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, and a porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-specific antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were used for differentiation between clinical and subclinical pcv2 infections of swine. tissue samples from pigs experimentally infected with pcv2 and field cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and pcv2-associated reproductive disorders were used in this evaluation. in initial studies on 6 p ... | 2002 | 11939330 |
| exudative epidermitis and porcine circovirus-2 infection in a swedish spf-herd. | an outbreak of exudative epidermitis (ee) among piglets in a swedish spf-herd initiated a survey for indications as to the cause of disease. the herd was established by caesarean section and has been closed to all new animal material, with the exception of semen for artificial insemination (ai). the study comprised serum samples from the spf-herd over a 10-year period (n=109) and a close monitoring of animals in the herd during the period after the ee outbreak. serum samples from conventional bo ... | 2002 | 11955778 |
| first evidence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) infection of pigs in the czech republic by semi-nested pcr. | three oligonucleotide primers for semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were designed according to already published sequences of porcine circovirus types 1 (pcv-1) and 2 (pcv-2) isolates. these primers were used to detect pcv-2 dna. a positive amplification reaction was visualized from a dna suspension containing as few as 10 copies of virus dna. in total. 77 samples of inguinal lymph nodes and nasal swabs from pigs in the czech republic were used to detect the virus. thirty-seven of them ... | 2002 | 12019948 |
| simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus in naturally and experimentally coinfected pigs by double in situ hybridization. | a technique for double in situ hybridization to simultaneously detect porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) in the same tissue section was developed and applied to lymph node and spleen from 8 pigs experimentally coinfected with pcv2 and ppv and 20 pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. for double labeling studies, the tissue samples were processed sequentially, first for ppv in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled probe and then fo ... | 2002 | 12033680 |
| occurrence of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in hungary. | in the past few years a characteristics, often fatal disease associated with cutaneous lesions and nephropathy has been observed in several large pig herds and household pig stocks of hungary. in addition to general symptoms and slight fever in several cases, the disease was characterised by cutaneous lesions occurring mostly on the ventral part of the thorax and abdomen, on the extremities and ear pinnae, and in the nasal and perianal region. in the acute phase, circumscribed hyperaemic, conflu ... | 2002 | 12061235 |
| detection of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) dna by nested pcr from formalin-fixed tissues of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) pigs in thailand. | a retrospective study for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) dna was conducted by nested pcr method in 16 cases of swine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in thailand. histopathology showed characteristic lesions of pmws and intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies in macrophages infiltrating in lymphoid tissues. pcv-2 dna was detected from formalin-fixed and/or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from all pigs with pmws. the amplified products were digested with ... | 2002 | 12069080 |
| first report of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in pigs in greece. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) are two recently described conditions of pigs at the late nursery and fattening stages. the aim of this short communication was to describe the first reported occurrence of these conditions and of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection in greece. the clinical signs, gross post-mortem changes and histopathological changes observed in affected pigs, were similar to those previously describ ... | 2002 | 12069275 |
| a longitudinal study of cell-mediated immunity in pigs infected with porcine parvovirus. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is an ubiquitous pathogen causing reproductive failure in swine. protection against reproductive failure caused by acute ppv infection has commonly been related to the presence of specific antibodies in the dam. however, the role of cell-mediated immunity during chronic ppv infection remains to be elucidated, and may be relevant to the pathogenesis of novel diseases such as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which may be triggered by coinfection with ppv ... | 2002 | 12081019 |
| reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in immunostimulated and non-immunostimulated 3-week-old piglets experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in swine is causally associated with the newly recognised pathogen, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). in this study, 3-week-old spf pcv2-seronegative piglets were inoculated intranasally with pcv2. the effect of immunostimulation on the induction of pmws was investigated by immunisation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) emulsified in incomplete freunds adjuvant. the study was terminated 5 weeks after inoculation. while disease was not observed ... | 2002 | 12243888 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. a review. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), is a recently described clinical condition which affects nursery and growing pigs. pmws was initially recognized in canada in 1991 and nowadays is considered to be worldwide distributed. clinically, pmws most representative symptoms include wasting, unthriftness, paleness of the skin, respiratory distress, diarrhea and sometimes icterus. pcv2 infection occurs in both pmws affected and non-affected farms, and ... | 2002 | 12400999 |
| seroprevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 in swine populations in canada and costa rica. | porcine circovirus (pcv) was recently divided into 2 antigenically distinct types that differ (65% amino acid identity) in the protein encoded by open reading frame 2 (orf2). porcine circovirus 1 is apparently non-pathogenic and, in contrast, pcv2 is associated with porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). our objective was to determine the extent of exposure of normal pigs in canada and costa rica to pcv2. recombinant dna techniques were used to produce an antigen from orf2 of pcv2 that w ... | 2002 | 12418777 |
| case-control study on the association of porcine circovirus type 2 and other swine viral pathogens with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a field-based case-control study was conducted to assess the strength of association of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and some major swine viruses with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). cases were defined as individual pigs with a clinical history of progressive weight loss and histopathological lesions characteristic of pmws. controls were pigs without clinical signs and histopathological lesions typical of pmws. a total of 31 cases and 56 controls was identified from diagno ... | 2002 | 12423025 |
| experimental in utero inoculation of late-term swine fetuses with porcine circovirus type 2. | all 37 fetuses of 3 laparotomized pregnant sows at 86, 92, and 93 days of gestation were inoculated intramuscularly through the uterine wall with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). the sows were allowed to farrow, and blood and tissue samples were collected from their piglets before and after suckling colostrum. thirteen fetuses from 2 sows at 90 and 103 days of gestation were used as controls. of the 37 pcv-2 inoculated fetuses, 24 were grossly normal and 13 were mummified, stillborn, or weak-b ... | 2002 | 12423036 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) coinfections in us field cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the prevalence of different pathogens detected in combination with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) was studied retrospectively in field cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) diagnosed at the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory, ames, iowa, between january 2000, and september 2001. the presence of pcv-2 antigen in lymphoid tissues and/or lung, demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, together with moderate to severe lymphoid depletion and/or granulomatous ly ... | 2002 | 12423038 |
| prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus from aborted fetuses and pigs with respiratory problems in korea. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(prrsv)0, porcine circovirus type 2(pcv-2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv)0 infections were investigated as possible causes of the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(pmws). specific primers for rt-pcr and pcr were designed for the differential detection of prrsv, pcv-2 and ppv. using pcr, these viruses were detected in homogenized tissue samples from pigs that had respiratory of reproductive problems in the time period between 1998 and 2000 ... | 2001 | 12441689 |
| genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains from cases presenting various clinical conditions. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been associated with a newly identified and described disease in swine called the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). an association of pcv2 with various other clinical conditions in pigs are also increasingly being reported. to date molecular studies to determine the extent of genetic variations of this virus have been limited. to more fully understand the extent of genetic diversity we report the sequencing of 34 pcv2 strains from eastern can ... | 2002 | 12457966 |
| transcriptional analysis of porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. in this work, the rnas of pcv2 synthesized during productive infection in porcine kidney cells were characterized. a total of nine rnas were detected. they include the viral capsid protein rna (cr), a cluster of five rep-associated rnas (designated rep, rep', rep3a, rep3b, and rep3c), and three ns-associated rna (designated ns515, ns672, and ns0). members of the rep-a ... | 2003 | 12504550 |
| immunologic features of porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | clinical expression of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) infection in swine may result in two distinct high mortality disease syndromes. in north america, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), while still sporadic in incidence, predominates. in europe and elsewhere, both pmws and a second syndrome, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns), occur in endemic and epidemic forms. pmws but not pdns has been reproduced in piglets by inoculations with pcv-2 alone or in pcv-2-infected ... | 2002 | 12513928 |
| pathogenesis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome reproduced by co-infection with korean isolates of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus. | thirty-two colostrum-deprived conventional pigs aged 28 days were co-infected with korean isolates of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) and observed for up to 35 days post-inoculation (dpi). histopathologically, granulomatous inflammation, with or without intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, was present in lymphoid tissues (e.g., lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and tonsil) from 20 dpi, being most severe at 24 dpi. pcv2 and ppv dna were detected in the lymph nodes from 3 to 35 dp ... | 2003 | 12531687 |
| detection rates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and swine influenza virus in porcine proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia. | a retrospective study on pig lung tissues from 60 cases of proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) was performed to determine the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), swine influenza virus (siv), and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in these lesions. cases selected included 30 cases diagnosed between 1988 and 1992 and 30 cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2001. in each group of 30 cases, 10 were from suckling piglets, whereas the other 20 were from postwea ... | 2003 | 12637753 |
| expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 but not interleukin-8 in granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes from pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) but not interleukin-8 (il-8) was detected by in situ hybridization using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled complementary dna probe in granulomatous lesions of lymph nodes from 20 pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). complementary dna probes of 375 and 266 base pairs for mcp-1 and il-8, respectively, were generated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the 20 pigs with pmws had distinct positiv ... | 2003 | 12637758 |
| experimental reproduction of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2): investigation of quantitative pcv2 distribution and antibody responses. | sixteen cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were inoculated intranasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), originally isolated from a pig affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). at 1 day postinoculation (pi), 3 of the 5 piglets in the uninoculated control group were moved to the room of inoculated piglets for contact exposure. porcine circovirus type 2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in swabs from inoculated piglets from 1 day pi and from co ... | 2003 | 12661720 |
| a comparison of the lymphocyte subpopulations of pigs experimentally infected with porcine circovirus 2 and/or parvovirus. | | 2003 | 12672380 |
| retrospective study on porcine circovirus type 2 infection in pigs from 1985 to 1997 in spain. | a retrospective survey was performed to detect lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and nucleic acid of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 189 pigs, and antibodies to this virus in sera of 388 pigs from the spanish livestock between the years 1985 and 1997. pcv2 nucleic acid was detected by in situ hybridization (ish) in tissues from 78 of 189 (41.3%) examined pigs. variable amount of viral genome was detected in as ... | 2003 | 12675903 |
| pcr detection of porcine circovirus type 2 dna in whole blood, serum, oropharyngeal swab, nasal swab, and feces from experimentally infected pigs and field cases. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shedding patterns were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of pcv2 dna, and the diagnostic suitability of a sample for the pcr was examined by using different types of samples. in the experimental infection, sixteen pigs were inoculated intranasally with pcv2. the samples, including oropharyngeal and nasal swabs, feces, whole blood and serum became positive for pcv2 dna by pcr immediately after the inoculation, and almost all samples ... | 2003 | 12679576 |
| optimal enhancement of in situ hybridization for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissues using a combined pretreatment of thermocycler and proteinase k. | optimal enhancement of the hybridization signal was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus (pcv) 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. the hybridization signal obtained after thermocycler pretreatment was very uniform across the section, whereas the signal obtained after either proteinase k or microwave pretreatment not only was weaker but was of variable intensity across sections. thermocycler pretreatment combin ... | 2003 | 12726742 |
| association of lymphopenia with porcine circovirus type 2 induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the composition of peripheral blood leukocyte populations was studied following experimental pcv2-infection in 3-week-old piglets. four of 10 pcv2-infected piglets developed clinical and pathological symptoms consistent with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) between 14 and 21 days post-inoculation (p.i.), and were characterised as pmws-affected. only these four pmws-affected piglets, but neither the non-symptomatic infected nor control animals, developed a clear leukopenia. kinet ... | 2003 | 12730011 |
| isolation and characterization of porcine circovirus type-2 from sera of stillborn fetuses. | in order to examine an association between porcine circovirus type-2 (pcv2) infection and reproductive failure in pigs, sera (n = 171) from stillborn fetuses were collected from 3 different farms with prolonged histories of reproductive problems. these sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to pcv2 using an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. of the 171 sera tested, 28 had pcv2 antibody titers of > or = 1:16. when these 28 samples were tested by a polymerase chain reaction assay,13 were f ... | 2003 | 12760475 |
| comparative serologic and virologic study of commercial swine herds with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a comparative serologic and virologic study was performed in pigs from 5 herds with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and 2 herds without pmws in quebec. in each herd, 60 blood samples were collected at 4-wk intervals from pigs from 3 to 23 wk of age. the serum was evaluated for the presence of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), as well as for the presence of nucleic acid of pcv2, prrsv, an porcine parvo ... | 2003 | 12760476 |
| multiplex nested pcr compared with in situ hybridization for the differentiation of porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | multiplex nested polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) were developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of genomic material of porcine circovirus 1 (pcv1), porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), and porcine parvovirus (ppv) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. multiplex conventional and nested pcr and in situ hybridization were compared for their ability to detect the 3 viruses in such tissues. xylene deparaffinization followed by proteinase k digestion yielded dna of sufficient qual ... | 2003 | 12760479 |
| comparative analysis of the transcriptional patterns of pathogenic and nonpathogenic porcine circoviruses. | the rnas of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) synthesized in pk15 cells were characterized. a total of 12 rnas were detected. they include the viral capsid protein rna (cr), a cluster of eight rep-associated rnas (designated rep, rep', rep3a, rep3b, rep3c-1, rep3c-2, rep3c-3, and rep3c-4), and three ns-associated rnas (designated ns462, ns642, and ns0). members of the rep-associated rna cluster all share common 5'- and 3'-nucleotide sequences and they share common 3'-nucleotide sequence with the ... | 2003 | 12788629 |
| an orf2 protein-based elisa for porcine circovirus type 2 antibodies in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in swine. as pcv2 displays significant homology with pcv1 (a non-pathogenic virus) at the nucleotide and amino-acid level, a discriminative antigen is needed for specific serological diagnosis. the orf2-encoded capsid protein from pcv2 was used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). gst-fused capsid protein from pcv2 and gst alone (both expres ... | 2003 | 12814886 |
| immunohistochemical characterisation of pcv2 associate lesions in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues of pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the lymphoid, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic lesions of naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) affected pigs have been studied by means of immunohistology. ten conventionally reared pigs showing acute clinical signs of pmws were selected from a farm on which animal were seronegative to porcine reproductive and respiratory virus and to aujeszky's disease virus. all pigs were positive in tests for porcine circovirus type 2 by ish and ihc. monoclonal and polyclonal ant ... | 2003 | 12842612 |
| change of porcine circovirus 2 target cells in pigs during development from fetal to early postnatal life. | change of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) target cells during development from fetal to postnatal life in pigs was examined. pcv2 inoculation was performed in fetuses in utero at either 57, 75 or 92 gestational days and in piglets at 1 day of age. twenty-one days after virus inoculation, pcv2-infected cells in the heart, lungs, liver, spleen and inguinal lymph nodes were localized and immuno-phenotyped by double-immunofluorescence labeling using different cell markers and pcv2-antibodies. during fet ... | 2003 | 12860073 |
| coinfection by cryptosporidium parvum and porcine circovirus type 2 in weaned pigs. | routine histopathological diagnosis of one representative 3-month-old pig from a group suffering from diarrhoea revealed a massive degree of parasitation by cryptosporidium parvum, with a concomitant infection by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), that was confirmed by immunohistochemical procedures. the areas of intestine where parasites were more numerous presented abundant pcv2 infected cells in mucosa and submucosa. the concurrence of c. parvum, a rare primary intestinal pathogen in post-wean ... | 2003 | 12864903 |
| cytokine mrna expression profiles in lymphoid tissues of pigs naturally affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | fifteen 8-week-old conventional pigs were selected from a farm where pigs were suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). ten of the animals were diseased pigs showing typical signs of pmws (wasting and respiratory disorders) and positive for infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), and the other five animals selected as controls were pen-mate, apparently healthy pigs. blood samples and lymphoid tissues were taken from each animal for haematological, serological an ... | 2003 | 12867643 |
| pcv2 replicase transcripts in infected porcine kidney (pk15) cells. | the circoviridae family includes small viruses containing circular single strand dna. there are two circoviruses described in pigs. porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) has been linked to a disease termed postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) whereas a close relative of this virus, termed pcv type 1 (pcv1) has been considered a non-pathogenic contaminant of the pk15 cell line. rolling circle replication of small dna viruses like circoviruses is mediated by a replicase (rep) gene that is trans ... | 2002 | 12881643 |
| in vitro studies on the infection and replication of porcine circovirus type 2 in cells of the porcine immune system. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) nucleic acid and/or antigens are consistently observed in cells of monocytic morphology in lesions of pigs affected by post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, pcv2 antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of monocytes, pulmonary macrophages (pms) and monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to the virus in vitro, by immunofluorescence analysis (ifa) and the phenotype of these cells confirmed by detection of monocytic cell surface markers using ... | 2003 | 12909411 |
| porcine circovirus 2-associated disease in eurasian wild boar. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) was first identified in high-health herds of domestic swine and was associated with a debilitating disease called postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). most subsequent studies have indicated that pcv2 infects only swine but there is little information on porcids other than improved breeds of domestic swine. multisystemic disease was reported in a group of eurasian wild boars raised under free-range conditions. affected young pigs had pneumonia and enterit ... | 2003 | 12918819 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 2 in feces of pigs with or without enteric disease by polymerase chain reaction. | to establish the sensitive polymerase chain reaction(pcr) method and detect porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) from intestines and feces of commercial swine herds with or without enteric disease, intestinal samples from 68 pigs and 29 fecal samples from commercial swine farms were collected. a primer set, forward primer 5'-gaagaatggaagaagcgg-3' and reverse primer 5'-ctcacagcagtagacaggt-3', could detect the virus at a concentration as low as 2 infectious virions per milliliter under controlled cond ... | 2003 | 12918820 |
| effect of vaccination with selective bacterins on conventional pigs infected with type 2 porcine circovirus. | the objective of this study was to determine whether vaccination with bacterins commonly used in the usa, when administered at a time typical of us protocol, enhances porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) replication and the incidence and severity of clinical signs and lesions characteristic of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in conventional pigs. sixty-one pigs free of pcv2 were randomly assigned to four groups. groups 1 (n = 15) and 2 (n = 15) pigs served as sham-inoculated negati ... | 2003 | 12949409 |
| the essential and nonessential transcription units for viral protein synthesis and dna replication of porcine circovirus type 2. | during porcine circovirus (pcv) replication in pk15 cells, nine pcv type 2 (pcv2)-specific rnas are synthesized. they include the capsid rna (cr), five rep-associated rnas (rep, rep', rep3a, rep3b, and rep3c), and three ns-associated rnas (ns515, ns672, and ns0). in this work, mutational analyses were conducted to investigate the involvement of each pcv2 transcription unit in viral protein synthesis and dna replication. the results demonstrated that a stop codon introduced at the very 5'-end of ... | 2003 | 12954212 |
| myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is a recently identified agent that has been associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in swine populations. in this report, the potential spectrum of disease associated with pcv2 is expanded by evidence of vertical transmission and associated reproductive failure. pcv2 was isolated from a litter of aborted piglets from a farm experiencing late-term abortions and stillbirths. severe, diffuse myocarditis was present in 1 piglet associated with e ... | 1999 | 12968736 |
| immunogenicity and pathogenicity of chimeric infectious dna clones of pathogenic porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and nonpathogenic pcv1 in weanling pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), whereas the ubiquitous porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is nonpathogenic for pigs. we report here the construction and characterization of two chimeric infectious dna clones of pcv1 and pcv2. the chimeric pcv1-2 clone contains the pcv2 capsid gene cloned in the backbone of the nonpathogenic pcv1 genome. a reciprocal chimeric pcv2-1 dna clone was also constructed by replacing the ... | 2003 | 14512571 |
| acute hepatitis in a piglet experimentally inoculated with tissue homogenates from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | five 2 day-old colostrum-deprived piglets were inoculated with tissue homogenates from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. one of the five piglets developed icterus and died 23 days post-inoculation. histologic examination revealed acute hepatitis. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) antigen and nucleic acid were detected in hepatocytes and phagocytic cells. ultrastructurally, hepatocytes and phagocytic cells had large numbers of cytoplasmic inclusions, which were composed of ele ... | 2003 | 14532704 |
| association of porcine circovirus 2 with porcine respiratory disease complex. | a retrospective study was performed on natural cases of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) to determine the association and prevalence of prdc with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and other co-existing pathogens in korea. histologically, alveolar septa were markedly thickened by infiltrates of mononuclear cells. moderate to marked multifocal peribronchial and peribronchiolar fibrosis were present and often extended into the airway lamina propria. among the 105 pigs with prdc, 85 were positiv ... | 2003 | 14550736 |
| effects of dexamethasone on the pathogenesis of porcine circovirus type 2 infection in piglets. | to investigate the effect of immunosuppression on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection, hysterectomy-produced, colostrum-deprived piglets were inoculated with the virus by the intranasal or intraperitoneal route, with or without dexamethasone (dex) treatment. eleven piglets aged 8 days were divided into four groups, namely group a (four animals given pcv2), b (three given pcv2 with dex), c (two given sterile medium with dex) and d (two given sterile medium). no significant clinical signs w ... | 2003 | 14554127 |