| possible misidentification of bacteroides sp., probably b. ureolyticus as taylorella equigenitalis: implications for the laboratory diagnosis of cem. | a wild-type isolate with similar morphological and phenotypic properties to taylorella equigenitalis, the causative bacterial agent of contagious equine metritis (cem), was referred for molecular identification by pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene. a species-specific pcr failed to yield a product compatible with that of t. equigenitalis. the direct sequencing of the universal 16s rrna pcr amplicon suggested the presence of a bacteroides sp., probably bacteroides ureolyticus, with no consequ ... | 2001 | 11777011 |
| initial occurrence of taylorella asinigenitalis and its detection in nurse mares, a stallion and donkeys in kentucky. | in 1998, a newly identified bacterium taylorella asinigenitalis was isolated from the external genitalia and reproductive tracts of nurse mares, a stallion and donkey jacks in kentucky. an extensive regulatory effort was implemented to contain the outbreak including the tracing and testing of 232 horses and donkeys on 58 premises. t. asinigenitalis was isolated from the reproductive tract of 10 adult equids, including two donkey jacks, one paint quarter-horse stallion and seven draft-type breedi ... | 2010 | 20537742 |
| identification of taylorella equigenitalis responsible for contagious equine metritis in equine genital swabs by direct polymerase chain reaction. | a direct-pcr assay was developed for the rapid detection of taylorella equigenitalis, a gram-negative bacterium responsible for contagious equine metritis (cem) in equidae. the bacteria may be detected in equine genital swabs without need for a preliminary step of dna extraction or bacterial isolation. specificity was determined with 125 isolates of t. equigenitalis, 24 isolates of taylorella asinigenitalis, five commensal bacteria of the genital tract and a facultative intracellular pathogen of ... | 2007 | 16806331 |
| isolation and identification of taylorella asinigenitalis from the genital tract of a stallion, first case of a natural infection. | contagious equine metritis (cem), caused by taylorella equigenitalis, is a widely known highly contagious genital equine disease that is transmitted venereally. a new bacterium, taylorella asinigenitalis resembling t. equigenitalis was recently isolated from three american donkey jacks, at routine testing for cem. the purpose of this study was to identify and characterize a strain of taylorella sp. from the genital tract of a stallion. swab samples for culture of t. equigenitalis were taken from ... | 2006 | 16793226 |
| taylorella asinigenitalis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the genital tract of male donkeys (equus asinus). | three bacterial isolates that were phenotypically indistinguishable from taylorella equigenitalis were obtained from the urethral fossae of three male donkeys (equus asinus), one located in the state of california and the other two in the state of kentucky, usa. based on results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the isolate from california differed from the two kentucky isolates, which were the same. mares bred artificially (california) or naturally (kentucky) did not show signs of disease, e ... | 2001 | 11411723 |
| development of a single multi-locus sequence typing scheme for taylorella equigenitalis and taylorella asinigenitalis. | we describe here the development of a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis (cem), and taylorella asinigenitalis, a nonpathogenic bacterium. mlst was performed on a set of 163 strains collected in several countries over 35 years (1977-2012). the mlst data were analyzed using start2, mega 5.05 and eburst, and can be accessed at http://pubmlst.org/taylorella/. our results revealed a clonal population with 39 sequenc ... | 2013 | 24139720 |
| description of pelistega indica sp. nov., isolated from human gut. | a gram-stain-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid bacterium was isolated from a stool sample of a healthy human subject and formed cream colour colonies on tryptic soy agar. almost full-length (1500 bp) small subunit rrna (16s rrna) gene sequences were generated and a similarity search was conducted by blast. the results of the similarity search indicated that the bacterium belongs to the class betaproteobacteria, family alcaligenaceae. it showed maximum sequence similarity (96.5 %) with ... | 2014 | 24436068 |
| the host model galleria mellonella is resistant to taylorellae infection. | the genus taylorella is composed of two species: (i) taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of cem, a venereally transmitted infection of equidae and (ii) taylorella asinigenitalis, a closely related species considered to be nonpathogenic, although experimental infection of mares with this bacterium resulted in clinical signs of vaginitis, cervicitis or endometritis. currently, there is a need for an alternative host model to further study the taylorellae species. in this context, we expl ... | 2014 | 24945970 |
| development of a novel molecular detection method for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs) in taylorella organisms. | contagious equine metritis is a bacterial infectious disease of horses caused by taylorella equigenitalis, a gram-negative eubacterium. the disease has been described in several continents, including europe, north america and asia. a novel molecular method was developed to detect clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs), which were separated by non-repetitive unique spacer regions (nrusrs) of similar length, in the taylorella equigenitalis eq59 strain using a primer pa ... | 2015 | 25934548 |
| genotyping of german and austrian taylorella equigenitalis isolates using repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) pcr and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). | a total of 124 taylorella (t.) equigenitalis and five t. asinigenitalis field isolates collected between 2002 and 2014 were available for genotyping using rep- (repetitive extragenic palindromic) pcr and pfge (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). the study comprised 79 t. equigenitalis field isolates originating from ten defined breeds of german horses and revealed a spectrum of five rep (rep-e1-e4, rep-e3a) and 15 pfge (te-a1-a9, te-b1-b3, te-c, te-e1, and te-e2) genotypes. t. equigenitalis field ... | 2016 | 27892857 |
| development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods for detecting taylorella equigenitalis and taylorella asinigenitalis. | taylorella equigenitalis is a causative bacterium of contagious equine metritis (cem), and taylorella asinigenitalis is species belonging to genus taylorella. the authors developed two loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) methods, te-lamp and ta-lamp, for detecting t. equigenitalis and t. asinigenitalis, respectively. using experimentally spiked samples, te-lamp was as sensitive as a published semi-nested pcr method, and ta-lamp was more sensitive than conventional pcr. multiplex lamp w ... | 2015 | 25829868 |
| survival of taylorellae in the environmental amoeba acanthamoeba castellanii. | taylorella equigenitalis is the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, a sexually-transmitted infection of equidae characterised in infected mares by abundant mucopurulent vaginal discharge and a variable degree of vaginitis, cervicitis or endometritis, usually resulting in temporary infertility. the second species of the taylorella genus, taylorella asinigenitalis, is considered non-pathogenic, although mares experimentally infected with this bacterium can develop clinical signs of endo ... | 2014 | 24641089 |
| genomic characterization of the taylorella genus. | the taylorella genus comprises two species: taylorella equigenitalis, which causes contagious equine metritis, and taylorella asinigenitalis, a closely-related species mainly found in donkeys. we herein report on the first genome sequence of t. asinigenitalis, analyzing and comparing it with the recently-sequenced t. equigenitalis genome. the t. asinigenitalis genome contains a single circular chromosome of 1,638,559 bp with a 38.3% gc content and 1,534 coding sequences (cds). while 212 cdss wer ... | 2012 | 22235352 |
| molecular identification and characterization of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) gene cluster in taylorella equigenitalis. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs), of approximately 10,000 base pairs (bp) in length, were shown to occur in the japanese taylorella equigenitalis strain, eq59. the locus was composed of the putative crisprs-associated with 5 (cas5), ramp csd1, csd2, recb, cas1, a leader region, 13 crispr consensus sequence repeats (each 32 bp; 5'-tcagccacgttcgcgtggctgtgtgtttaaag-3'). these were in turn separated by 12 non repetitive unique spacer regions of similar length. in a ... | 2012 | 23275249 |
| demonstration of the absence of intervening sequences (ivss) within 16s rrna genes of taylorellaequigenitalis and taylorella asinigenitalis isolates. | a total of 57 taylorella equigenitalis (n=22) and taylorella asinigenitalis (n=35) isolates was shown not to carry any intervening sequences (ivss) within 16s rrna gene sequences. by contrast, we have already shown the genus taylorella group to carry several kinds of ivss within the 23s rrna gene sequences. | 2011 | 21546044 |
| molecular identification and characterization of the intervening sequences (ivss) within 23s ribosomal rna (rrna) genes of taylorella asinigenitalis isolated in france. | in the helix 25 region, 32 french taylorella asinigenitalis isolates carried at least one 23s rrna gene not containing intervening sequences (ivss). no ivss in the region were identified in three isolates and the other remaining 29 isolates carried one or more ivss (ucd-1(t)ivs1a, ucd-1(t)ivs1b and uk-1ivs1b) described already and two new kinds of ivs (taivs1c and taivs1d). in the helix 45 region, no t. asinigenitalis isolates not carrying any ivss were identified. uk-1ivs2b was identified in th ... | 2010 | 21075405 |
| phenotypic and 16s ribosomal rna gene diversity of taylorella asinigenitalis strains isolated between 1995 and 2008. | the objective of this study was to examine the degree of phenotypic and genotypic diversity between 43 french taylorella asinigenitalis strains isolated from 22 jacks, two stallions and one mare between 1995 and 2008 by culturing genital swabs obtained during routine diagnosis for contagious equine metritis. this retrospective analysis revealed the existence of t. asinigenitalis species since 1995 and the natural colonization of a mare's genital tract in 2001. despite the presence of 27 differen ... | 2010 | 21067874 |
| identification and differentiation of taylorella equigenitalis and taylorella asinigenitalis by lipopolysaccharide o-antigen serology using monoclonal antibodies. | lipopolysaccharides (lpss) from taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, and t. asinigenitalis were compared by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). lipopolysaccharide profiles of 11 t. equigenitalis strains were similar, but different from the profiles of 3 t. asinigenitalis strains, and the profiles of 2 t. asinigenitalis strains were similar to each other. the serological specificities of the lpss from these 14 strains were ... | 2010 | 20357953 |
| indirect immunofluorescence test using polyclonal antibodies for the detection of taylorella equigenitalis. | contagious equine metritis is a horse disease that causes endometrial inflammation due to taylorella equigenitalis. since taylorella asinigenitalis was characterized, genital swab culture has proved to be an insufficient method for distinguishing between the two taylorella species. here, we developed an indirect immunofluorescence (iif) test using polyclonal antibodies. specificity, sensitivity, and detection limit were assessed using isolated bacteria (55 t. equigenitalis strains, 46 t. asinige ... | 2010 | 19962160 |
| detection of taylorella asinigenitalis in donkey jacks in italy. | | 2009 | 19880865 |
| molecular characterization of the sequences of the 16s-23s rdna internal spacer region (isr) from isolates of taylorella asinigenitalis. | sequence information on the 16s-23s rdna internal spacer region (isr) exhibits a large degree of sequence and length variation at both the genus and species levels. a primer pair for the amplification of 16s-23s rdna isr generated three amplicons for each of isolates of taylorella asinigenitalis (ucd-1t, uk-1 and uk-2). | 2009 | 19284528 |
| intervening sequences in 23s rrna genes and 23s rrna fragmentation in taylorella asinigenitalis ucd-1(t) strain. | pcr was performed with taylorella asinigenitalis ucd-1(t) using two primer pairs constructed in silico for the amplification of the intervening sequences (ivss) in the first quarter and central regions of the 23s rrna gene. following ta cloning and sequencing, the strain was identified to carry heterogeneous and multiple ivss. two similar tandem repeat units of 25 and 24 base pairs (bp) with unknown function(s) were identified within the two ivss in the central region. secondary structure models ... | 2008 | 18720487 |
| structure of the o-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide produced by taylorella asinigenitalis type strain (atcc 700933). | taylorella asinigenitalis sp. nov is a nonpathogenic gram-negative bacterium recently isolated from the genital tract of male donkeys. the bacterium is phenotypically indistinguishable from taylorella equigenitalis, a pathogen that is the cause of contagious equine metritis, a highly communicable venereal disease of horses. the structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide produced by t. asinigenitalis sp. nov (atcc 700933) demonstrated that its o-polysaccharide (o-ps) component is a linear unbr ... | 2008 | 18523489 |
| molecular characterization of the non-coding promoter and leader regions and full-length 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene of taylorella asinigenitalis. | the 3,339 base pair (bp) sequences encoding a putative open reading frame (orf), non-coding promoter and leader regions (approximately 320 bp), full-length 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene (approximate 1,540 bp) and part of the 16s-23s rdna internal spacer region (isr) were determined from genome dna libraries of the taylorella asinigenitalis (uk-1) isolate. the non-coding promoter and leader regions included antiterminators (boxb, boxa and boxc) immediately upstream of the 16s rrna gene sequence. ... | 2007 | 17518419 |
| molecular characterization of the full-length 23s and 5s ribosomal rna (rrna) genes of taylorella asinigenitalis. | an approximately 4.2 kbp region encoding 23s and 5s rrna genes was identified when recombinant plasmid dnas from two genomic dna libraries and an inverse pcr product of taylorella asinigenitalis uk-1 isolate were analyzed. full-length genes of 23s rrna (3,225 bp) and 5s rrna (117 bp) of t. asinigenitalis are described. the present sequence analysis identified a non-coding hypothetically intrinsic transcription terminator region downstream of the 5s rrna gene. the sequence, however, downstream of ... | 2007 | 17356928 |
| development of a real time pcr for the detection of taylorella equigenitalis directly from genital swabs and discrimination from taylorella asinigenitalis. | a discriminatory real time pcr for the detection of taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis (cem), and the related species t. asinigenitalis was developed for the direct examination of genital swabs. the 112bp amplicons produced from the two species were discriminated from each other using taqman probes labelled with different fluorophores. the taqman pcr was shown to be specific for the 16s ribosomal dna of the two species of taylorella and did not cross-hybr ... | 2006 | 16971068 |
| prevalence and persistence of taylorella asinigenitalis in male donkeys. | this study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of taylorella asinigenitalis in a subset of the donkey population of michigan and in other equids on farms on which the organism was identified. other aims were to further characterize the carrier state in terms of persistence and preferred sites of colonization of t. asinigenitalis in the male donkey as well as determine the genotype of any isolates of the organism. initial testing of 43 donkeys and 1 mule turned up 4 (9.3%) donkeys cultur ... | 2012 | 22795262 |
| recent advances in molecular epidemiology and detection of taylorella equigenitalis associated with contagious equine metritis (cem). | in the present review article, recent molecular advances relating to studies with taylorella equigenitalis, as well as the recently described second species of the genus taylorella, namely taylorella asinigenitalis, have been described. molecular genotyping of t. equigenitalis strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) after digestion with the suitable restriction enzyme(s) enabled the effective discrimination of strains, thus allowing the examination of the scientific mechanism(s) for i ... | 2003 | 14637043 |
| comparative genomic analyses of the taylorellae. | contagious equine metritis (cem) is an important venereal disease of horses that is of concern to the thoroughbred industry. taylorella equigenitalis is a causative agent of cem but very little is known about it or its close relative taylorella asinigenitalis. to reveal novel information about taylorella biology, comparative genomic analyses were undertaken. whole genome sequencing was performed for the t. equigenitalis type strain, nctc11184. draft genome sequences were produced for a second t. ... | 2012 | 22541164 |