| critical tests of suspension, paste, and pellet formulations of cambendazole in the horse. | three formulations of cambendazole were evaluated for anthelmintic activity by critical testing method in 21 horses. cambendazole suspension was administered via stomach tube at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg to 3 horses and at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg to 3 horses. cambendazole paste was given intraorally to 8 horses, and the pellet formulation was fed to 7 horses at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg. anthelmintic activity of cambendazole was similar for all dose rates and formulations. gasterophilus intest ... | 1975 | 123710 |
| scanning electron microscopy of gasterophilus intestinalis lesions of the equine stomach. | the lesions caused by larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis in the cardiac region of the equine stomach were funnel-shaped ulcers surrounded by a rim of hyperplastic epithelial cells. bacteria were commonly seen on the rim of epithelial cells, at the base of some ulcers, and within the cavities produced by the hooks of the larvae. cellular debris and mucus were within the ulcer. | 1978 | 621179 |
| critical tests of the antiparasitic activity of thiabendazole and trichlorfon sequentially administered to horses via stomach tube. | thirteen critical tests were conducted in horses naturally infected with helminths and bots. single doses of thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight) and trichlorfon (40 mg/kg of body weight) powder formulations were administered as suspensions sequentially given via stomach tube to evaluate the efficacy of the combination against the large parasites of horses. parasite removal efficacies were 100% against 2nd instar gasterophilus intestinalis and 2nd and 3rd instar gasterophilus nasalis and 82 t ... | 1977 | 879569 |
| critical tests of anthelmintic activity of a paste formulation of thiabendazole in horses. | critical tests of the activity on large strongyles, ascarids, mature pinworms, and bots were carried out in 11 horses intraorally treated with a paste formulation of thiabendazole. the dose level of 44 mg/kg was administered to 3 horses, and the dose level of 88 mg/kg to 8 horses. removals of strongylus vulgaris and mature oxyuris equi were 100% at the 2 dose levels, and efficacy against strongylus edentatus varied from 95 to 99% and 89 to 100% for the 44- and the 88-mg/kg dose levels, respectiv ... | 1976 | 937790 |
| activity of organophosphorus compounds against oral stages of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis. | controlled tests of the efficacy of bot-active compounds, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, trichlorfon butonate, and carbon disulfide on the larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis during their migratory period in the tissue of the mouth of horses and ponies were completed on experimentally induced and naturally acquired infections. against the experimental parasitisms in pony foals, the resin-pellet formulation of dichlorvos given on the feed at the dose level of 37 mg/kg, 2 form ... | 1975 | 1115423 |
| control of gasterophilus intestinalis (de geer, 1776) with dichlorvos. | | 1975 | 1125762 |
| occurrence of second and third instars of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis in stomachs of horses in kentucky. | the occurrence of 2nd and 3rd instars of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis was determined in 476 horses during the 22-year period from 1951 to 1973. overall, g intestinalis infected 98.7% of the horses and averaged 168/horse; whereas g nasalis infected 80.7% of the horses and averaged 52/horse. aggregate average total numbers for g intestinalis ranged from a low of 50 in september to a high of 229 in march, and for g nasalis, from a low of 14 in september to a high of 82 in fe ... | 1975 | 1190600 |
| effect of temperature on embryonic development and egg hatchability of the horse bot, gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: gasterophilidae). | | 1975 | 1237624 |
| critical tests and safety studies on trichlorfon as an antiparasitic agent in the horse. | three series of critical tests were completed on a combined total of 46 horses to determine the efficacy of single doses of trichlorfon against bots, ascarids, pinworms, and large strongyles. different formulations of trichlorfon were administered by tubing intragastrically, mixing with the daily grain ration, injecting intramuscularly, or pouring on the back at dose rates between 20 and 100 mg/kg. administration by feeding tended to be more efficacious for removal of bots and less toxic to the ... | 1976 | 1259212 |
| critical tests with oxibendazole against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies. | twenty ponies were allotted to 4 groups of 5 ponies each, and oxibendazole was orally administered at dose levels of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg. in the 3 groups of ponies given the largest doses, efficacy against 3 species of strongylus was between 92 and 100% and that against small strongylids of the genera cyathostomum, cylicocyclus, cylicodontophorus, and cylicostephanus was more than 99%. all adults and 95 to 100% of larvae of the pinworm oxyuris equi were removed. in the group of ponies given ... | 1976 | 1267243 |
| the prevalence of gasterophilus intestinalis and g nasalis in horses in ireland. | during the months october-may inclusive 90-8% of horses slaughtered at an abattoir near dublin and 66-9% of those at an abattoir near belfast were infected with gasterophilus intestinalis; 28-6% of horses at the former abattoir harboured g nasalis while none of the horses examined at the latter abattoir was found to be infected with this species. | 1976 | 1274134 |
| critical and controlled tests of activity of moxidectin (cl 301,423) against natural infections of internal parasites of equids. | the activity of moxidectin was evaluated in 1988 and 1989 against natural infections of internal parasites in 20 critical tests (n = 20 equids) and three controlled tests (n = 20 equids). two formulations, injectable administered intramuscularly (i.m.) or intraorally (i.o.) and gel i.o., were given at dose rates of 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mg kg-1 body weight. for the critical tests (all three dose rates evaluated), removals of second instar gasterophilus intestinalis were 93-100%, except (89%) for the i ... | 1992 | 1502789 |
| epidemiological observations on gasterophilus intestinalis and g. nasalis in donkeys from morocco. | during a 24 month period, 198 donkeys were examined for gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis larvae. gasterophilus intestinalis was found in 97.5% and g. nasalis in 95.5% of donkeys. the third instars (l3) of both species occurred during all months of the year and so did the second instars (l2), except in april (g. nasalis) and may (g. intestinalis). over 75% of the animals had up to 200 larvae and 1.5% had over 600 larvae. the maximum number of both l2 and l3 larvae found in any ... | 1992 | 1502790 |
| [the epidemiology of gasterophilosis of horses in switzerland]. | between march 1988 and december 1989, 198 gastrointestinal tracts from slaughtered horses from different areas of switzerland have been analysed for the presence and the frequency of gasterophilus spp. during the same period--always between july and november--200 horses from selected areas of western switzerland have been checked for the presence of eggs and their subsequent developmental stages in order to investigate further clinical and biological aspects of this infection. the evaluation has ... | 1991 | 1771404 |
| parahost behavior of adult gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: gasterophilidae) in delaware. | parahost behavior of adult gasterophilus intestinalis (degeer) was observed during the summers of 1978 and 1979 near pastured horses on two farms near newark, del. adult fly occurrence, although sparse in early summer, indicated a gradual increase, with three surges in emergence. in the laboratory, males lived 1-3 d and females 1-2 d. in the field, marked flies were not seen on days following their release. adult behavior indicated an urgency in mating and oviposition dictated by a short life sp ... | 1991 | 2033621 |
| controlled test evaluation of the benzimidazole anthelmintic vet 220-s alone or with concomitant trichlorfon treatment against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was done in 30 naturally infected ponies to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the dienbendazole analog vet 220-s given alone or with trichlorfon (tcf) by nasogastric intubation. six ponies were nontreated; 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg); 6 were given tcf (40 mg/kg); 6 were given vet 220-s (2.5 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg); and 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg). all ponies were euthanatized and necropsied 7 or 8 days after treatment. draschia megastoma, ... | 1991 | 2053725 |
| critical and controlled tests of activity of a macrocyclic lactone (compound f28249-alpha) against natural infections in internal parasites of equids. | thirteen critical tests (n = 11 horses and 2 ponies) and 4 controlled tests (n = 4 donkeys and 6 horses) were performed to evaluate the activity of the experimental macrocyclic lactone compound f28249-alpha against internal parasites of equids. in the critical tests, activity was determined mainly against the large parasites, but 1 critical test also included benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles. in the controlled tests, evaluation of drug activity included large parasites and stomach worms ... | 1989 | 2527481 |
| internal parasites of horses on mixed grassveld and bushveld in transvaal, republic of south africa. | between 1980 and 1982, the gastrointestinal tracts of 17 horses which had been grazing on mixed grassveld at potchefstroom and bushveld at onderstepoort in the province of transvaal, republic of south africa, were examined at necropsy and processed for parasite recovery. the large strongyles and their prevalences were as follows: strongylus vulgaris and associated lesions (88-94%), strongylus edentatus (24%), strongylus equinus (30%), triodontophorus nipponicus (35%) and craterostomum acuticauda ... | 1989 | 2588465 |
| efficacy of ivermectin against experimental and natural infections of gasterophilus spp in ponies. | antiparasitic efficacy of ivermectin against migrating gasterophilus intestinalis was evaluated in 36 treated and 24 nontreated (n = 12) or vehicle-treated (n = 12) ponies experimentally and naturally infected with g intestinalis and naturally infected with g nasalis. each pony was experimentally infected with 500 g intestinalis 1st instars in 2 divided doses on days -14 and -7 before treatment. on day 0, ivermectin was administered at the rate of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight by iv (n = 12) ... | 1989 | 2610439 |
| effects of migrating gasterophilus intestinalis larvae (diptera: gasterophilidae) on the mouth of the horse. | lesions were formed in the mouth of the horse by first- and second-stage gasterophilus intestinalis larvae. the lesions resulted as larvae burrowed through the top millimeter of the tongue and then became embedded in the interdental gingiva. appearance of the lesion was dependent on the degree of larval burrowing activity and healing that had taken place. active tunneling production occurred at the posterior end of the lesion. extensive change in configuration and color was apparent along the lo ... | 1989 | 2763450 |
| [the protein pattern of gasterophilus intestinalis larva (diptera: gasterophilidae), psoroptes cuniculi and chorioptes bovis (acarida: psoroptidae)]. | sds-page and chromatography of the mange mites chorioptes bovis and psoroptes cuniculi and gasterophilus intestinalis instars revealed a species and stage specific distribution of proteins. this specific protein pattern is responsible for an immune response depending on the course of the parasitic infection. therefore, identification and isolation of the adequate antigens are necessary for diagnostic purposes. | 1989 | 2782663 |
| prevalence and intensity of non-strongyle intestinal parasites of horses in northern queensland. | a quantitative post-mortem study of 57 horses from northern queensland was done to determine the prevalence and intensity of non-strongyle intestinal parasites. the following species (% prevalence) were found: draschia megastoma (39%); habronema muscae (43%); gasterophilus intestinalis (34%), g. nasalis (30%); parascaris equorum (15%); strongyloides westeri (6%); probstmayria vivipara (2%); oxyuris equi (26%); anoplocephala magna (2%); a. perfoliata (32%). mean parasite numbers of individual spe ... | 1989 | 2930389 |
| prevalence and epidemiology of the major gastrointestinal parasites of horses in perth, western australia. | a survey was conducted on the prevalence of the major gastrointestinal parasites in 140 horses necropsied in perth, western australia, during 1979 to 1982. adult strongylus vulgaris were found in 22.5 per cent of horses and verminous arteritis in 62.9 per cent. the peak worm prevalence was in november to january (summer). s edentatus had a similar prevalence and seasonality but s equinus was not found in this survey. draschia megastoma and habronema muscae were found in 66.2 per cent and 35.3 pe ... | 1985 | 2934246 |
| common internal parasites found in the stomach, large intestine, and cranial mesenteric artery of thoroughbreds in kentucky at necropsy (1985 to 1986). | a total of 278 thoroughbreds (less than 1 to 31 years old) were examined at necropsy (july 9, 1985, to feb 2, 1986) in kentucky for various internal parasites. examination was not made of all the horses for each of the parasites. specific parasites recovered from the stomach of foals (n = 30) and yearlings and older horses (n = 96) and percentage (in parentheses) of each age category infected, respectively, were as follows: gasterophilus intestinalis 2nd instar (53% and 32%) and 3rd instar (37% ... | 1987 | 2950814 |
| parasites of the stomach in donkeys of the highveld of zimbabwe. | fourteen donkeys from a communal area of the zimbabwean highveld were examined for stomach parasites during july and november of 1986 and january and april of 1987. all 14 animals were infected. habronema muscae occurred in 12, draschia megastoma in 11, h. majus in 9, trichostrongylus axei in 9, gasterophilus intestinalis in 14 and g. nasalis in 1 donkey. the lowest level of infection was in january for the helminths and in april for gasterophilus larvae. the peak burdens of parasites were in ju ... | 1988 | 2975414 |
| efficacy of ivermectin against dictyocaulus arnfieldi in ponies. | the efficacy of orally administered ivermectin against induced dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection was evaluated in a controlled study comprising 12 yearling ponies. treatment with ivermectin paste, at a dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg bodyweight orally once, was 100 per cent effective against both adult and immature or inhibited stages of the horse lungworm. similar control of second and third instars of gastrophilus intestinalis was observed and no nematode eggs were present in faeces from seven t ... | 1985 | 3159145 |
| classification of the main macroscopic lesions produced by larvae of gasterophilus spp. (diptera:gasterophilidae) in free-ranging horses in umbria. | listed and described herein are the main macroscopic lesions produced along the whole digestive tract of free-ranging horses by larvae of the five gasterophilus spp., occurring in umbria, a region of central italy: gasterophilus intestinalis, gasterophilus nasalis, gasterophilus pecorum, gasterophilus inermis, gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis. lesions are classified on the basis of their sizes and shapes and the host's anatomic sites infested, and they are examined in relation to the developmental ... | 1988 | 3335129 |
| efficacy of an oxibendazole-trichlorfon paste formulation against third stage larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis and its safety in horses. | a paste formulation containing 14.3 per cent of oxibendazole and 44 per cent of trichlorfon was administered to 33 ponies and horses. the dose rate used was equivalent to 10 mg and 30 mg/kg bodyweight, of oxibendazole and trichlorfon respectively. after treatment 25 animals passed between one and 82 third stage larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis in their faeces. dosing with 0.2 mg ivermectin/kg bodyweight three weeks later resulted in six animals expelling between one and four bots. the effica ... | 1986 | 3535229 |
| prevalence of internal parasites in horses in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983) in kentucky. | the prevalence and number of naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites were compiled for horses used in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983). data are presented as follows: n = number of horses examined; % = mean prevalence; number in parentheses after % = aggregate mean number of parasites in infected horses. parasites found were: bots (n = 513) - gasterophilus intestinalis, 2nd instar, 61%(58); 3rd instar, 94%(168); g. nasalis, 2nd instar, 36%(28); ... | 1987 | 3564356 |
| seasonal occurrence and distribution of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis in the stomachs of equids in texas. | stomachs of 271 horses and ponies from 2 sources were evaluated for the presence of gasterophilus intestinalis and g nasalis larvae, through 2 overlapping 12-month periods of bot fly activity in southern texas. equids (n = 140) from one source had nearly 96% of their stomachs infected, whereas equids (n = 131) from another source had 44% of their stomachs infected by gasterophilus spp. seasonal dynamics of the bot infection indicated the highest average number of bot larvae per infected stomach ... | 1987 | 3631711 |
| suppurative splenitis and peritonitis in a horse after gastric ulceration caused by larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis. | a 12-year-old thoroughbred mare, with a history of anorexia, dramatic weight loss, fluctuating pyrexia and intermittent diarrhoea after an episode of colic, was presented for examination with depression, emaciation and ataxia. thoracic and abdominal paracenteses yielded copious quantities of inflammatory exudate. palpation per rectum revealed an enlarged spleen. the primary alterations in haematology included a severe leucocytosis with a left shift, and a hyperproteinaemia characterised by hypoa ... | 1987 | 3632494 |
| prevalence of some internal parasites recovered at necropsy of thoroughbreds born in 1982 in kentucky. | a total of 89 thoroughbreds, 14 to 333 days old (born in 1982), were examined at necropsy for certain internal parasites during a 1-year-period, mar 1, 1982, to feb 28, 1983. the eyes of 73 of the horses and the cranial mesenteric arteries of 71 were examined. specific interest was on prevalence of parasites according to month of the year and age of the horses at necropsy. parasites recovered (first month-last month infected horse found) were as follows: thelazia lacrymalis (eyes) immature and m ... | 1985 | 3994134 |
| [application of double diffusion in gel methods to the study of the comparative antigenic constitution of late stage larva of hypoderma bovis (geer 1776), przhevalskiana aegagri (brauer 1863) (diptera-calliphoridae) and gasterophilus intestinalis (geer 1776) (diptera-gastrophilidae)]. | | 1970 | 4251963 |
| [an experimental study on the variation of serum antibody levels relative to the life cycle of the horsefly]. | the changes of antibody titers in the sera of colts infested naturally or artificially with gasterophilus have been determined in relation to the life cycle of this arthropod using passive hemagglutination, complement fixation, double diffusion techniques and saline extracts of antigens from the third larval stages of gasterophilus intestinalis and g. nasalis.in the sera of the infected animals the hemagglutinating antibodies were present at low titers at the third week post-infestation by using ... | 1974 | 4277126 |
| eggs of the horse bot fly, gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: gasterophilidae), on pastured cattle. | | 1973 | 4697420 |
| antiparasitic efficacy of dichlorvos paste formulation against first-instar gasterophilus intestinalis in the tongues of shetland pony foals. | | 1972 | 5058541 |
| the pathogenicity of gasterophilus intestinalis larvae in the stomach of the horse. | | 1972 | 5075205 |
| horse bot-fly (gasterophilus intestinalis) eggs laid on human hair. | | 1972 | 5082787 |
| gasterophilus intestinalis, the horse bot-fly as a cause of cutaneous myiasis in man. | | 1968 | 5280636 |
| in vitro hatching of gastrophilus intestinalis larvae. | | 1967 | 6068193 |
| anthelmintic activity of paste and drench formulations of oxfendazole in horses. | oxfendazole was administered in paste or drench formulations to groups of five horses carrying naturally acquired worm burdens. at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg the efficacy of either formulation appeared similar. one hundred per cent of the adult populations of the following genera was removed: parascaris, oxyuris, strongylus (s edentatus, s vulgaris), triodontophorus and trichostrongylus axei. efficacy against adult small strongyles, adult habronema microstoma and immature oxyuris equi was in the re ... | 1981 | 6461963 |
| critical tests of morantel-trichlorfon paste formulation against internal parasites of the horse. | critical tests were completed on six horses to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of a paste formulation mixture of morantel citrate and trichlorfon, administered intraorally at the dose rate of 6 mg morantel base kg-1 and trichlorfon at 30 mg kg-1. aggregate average removals were: 78% for two horses infected with 2nd instar gasterophilus intestinalis; 100% for one infected with 2nd instar g. nasalis; 96% for six infected with 3rd instar g. intestinalis; 100% for four infected with 3rd instar g ... | 1984 | 6538366 |
| the activity of closantel as an equine antiparasitic agent. | eighteen pony foals were experimentally infected with 500 third stage larvae of strongylus vulgaris at 2 weeks, and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after birth. for the duration of the study, all foals were kept in the same pasture with their mothers to allow natural infection with other parasites by exposure to a contaminated environment. twelve of the foals were utilized in groups of 3 and treated orally five times at two month intervals starting at one month of age with closantel at doses of 5, 10, 2 ... | 1983 | 6683040 |
| [contribution to the parasitic fauna of the gdr (german democratic republic). 7. occurrence of gasterophilus larvae (diptera: gasterophilidae) in horses]. | observations were carried out from may 1977 to may 1980 on occurrence, fauna, and seasonal dynamics of gasterophilus spp. in 2,539 horses for butchering from all districts of the german democratic republic and also in 79 horses after control against gasterophilosis. 99.98% of the 13,742 second and third instar larvae of horses for butchering were gasterophilus intestinalis, only 0.02% gasterophilus nasalis. out of 7,765 larvae passed after control measures gasterophilus intestinalis dominated wi ... | 1983 | 6859622 |
| the prevalence of gasterophilus intestinalis in horses in northern england and wales. | the stomachs of 448 horses from northern england and wales were examined for gasterophilus larvae, and 237 (52.7%) were found to be infected with g. intestinalis. larvae were present in stomachs examined during each month of the year except august. second instar larvae occurred from september through february and third instars were present from november through july. adult fly activity began in august as indicated by the presence of eggs on horses. the life-cycle of g. intestinalis in northern e ... | 1982 | 6891853 |
| efficacy of ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin b1) against gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | the controlled test method was used to evaluate the antiparasitic efficacy of im inoculated 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1 (ivermectin) against gastrointestinal parasites of horses (ponies). parasite infections were naturally acquired in southern louisiana. dose levels of the drug tested were 0.2 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, and 0.5 mg/kg. ivermectin at all dose levels tested had an efficacy greater than 97% (p less than 0.05) against gasterophilus intestinalis larvae, trichostrongylus axei, oxyuris equi larva ... | 1980 | 6894221 |
| efficacy of injectable and oral paste formulations of ivermectin against gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was used in ponies to compare the antiparasitic efficacy of ivermectin (22,23-dihydro-avermectin b1) in an injectable micelle solution administered im with the efficacy of the same drug in an oral paste formulation. parasite infections were naturally acquired in southern louisiana. the drug was tested in both formulations at a dosage level of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight. ivermectin in both formulations tested had an efficacy greater than 98% against gasterophilus intestinalis and ... | 1982 | 6896613 |
| infestation of a mare's liver with gasterophilus intestinalis. | | 1981 | 6906925 |
| controlled evaluation of ivermectin in shetland ponies. | ivermectin was injected im into 12 yearling shetland ponies. the following reactions in percentages of parasites recovered from ponies given 200 microgram/kg or 300 microgram/kg, as compared with the parasitic population in those given the vehicle at 1 week after injection, were as follows: otobius megnini nymphs--no reduction; gasterophilus intestinalis--100% and 99.9%; g nasalis--100% and 99.9%; parascaris equorum adults--100% and 96%; strongylus vulgaris adults--100% and 100%; s edentatus adu ... | 1981 | 7027848 |
| migration of gasterophilus intestinalis larvae (diptera:gasterophilidae) in the equine oral cavity. | | 1982 | 7141786 |
| [artificial infestation of horses with the eggs of the stomach botfly (gastrophilidae)]. | 10 foals were artificially infected for the first time with eggs of gastrophilus intestinalis, g. veterinus, g. haemorrhoidalis, g. inermis, g. nigricornis. 63 to 67% of the 1st stage larvae die in the first period of life after emergence from the egg, at the moment of invasion into the skin and at the beginning of the migration. in 40 to 45 years after the infection most larvae (73 to 82%), depending on their specific belonging, were found in the stomach, duodenum and rectum. | 1982 | 7201627 |
| gastrophilus intestinalis as a cause of diarrhoea in an infant. | | 1980 | 7228365 |
| haloxon: critical tests of antiparasitic activity in equids. | critical tests were conducted in 14 naturally infected equids (13 horses and 1 pony) to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of haloxon. single doses were administered by stomach tube to 3 horses and 1 pony (60 mg/kg of body weight), by addition to the feed of 3 horses (60 mg/kg), and intraorally by powder gun to 7 horses (65 mg/kg). haloxon was efficacious (99% to 100%) against infections of parascaris equorum, oxyuris equi (mature and immature), and strongylus vulgaris at both dosage levels. pr ... | 1981 | 7283234 |
| critical tests of new benzothiazole anthelmintic tioxidazole in the horse. | the basic-dose confirmation tests of tioxidazole for removal of susceptible populations of gastrointestinal parasites of the horse were made in 10 naturally infected horses, using the critical test method (experiment a). a single dose of toxidazole, given at the rate of 11 mg/kg of body weight, was administered to 5 horses by stomach tube and to 5 horses by mixing the drug with the daily grain ration. in the 5 horses given the drug by stomach tube, aggregate average removals were 90% or more for ... | 1980 | 7447131 |
| prevalence of botfly larvae and lice in studs of north caucasus (stawropol county, russia). | from 14 to 17 april 1990 and from 12 to 21 may 1993 a total of 136 caucasian (donish, karabakh, kabardin, local halfbred) and 26 thoroughbred stud-horses were examined for ectoparasites in studs of stawropol county, russia. a total of 4054 botfly larvae were identified from 9700 faecal samples collected during a period of 3-4 days after oral treatment with eqvalan (msd), strongid plus (pfizer) and vermitan plus (sanofi-chinoin). the species distribution was: gasterophilus intestinalis 84.53%, g. ... | 1995 | 7491867 |
| cuticular sensilla on newly hatched larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis and oestrus ovis. | cuticular sensilla on newly hatched larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis de geer (diptera: gasterophilidae) and oestrus ovis (l.) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. two types of trichoid sensilla, two types of coeloconic sensilla and a pit sensillum were present on the thoracic and abdominal segments of g.intestinalis larvae. sensilla on larvae of o.ovis were similar although only one type of trichoid sensillum was present. total number of sensilla were higher for o.ovis than for g.in ... | 1995 | 7696693 |
| transmission of some species of internal parasites in horses born in 1990, 1991, and 1992 in the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. | studies were conducted on transmission of natural infections of several species of internal parasites in horses born and kept on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. data for the first year (1989) of a 4 year study on this farm have been published recently. the present research represents the second (1990), third (1991), and fourth (1992) years of the investigation. the number of animals (n = 28) examined varied from eight born in 1990 to ten each born in 1991 and 1992. for each year, ... | 1994 | 8073609 |
| stomach parasites of donkeys in morocco: habitat and interspecific interactions. | one hundred and four donkeys originating from several regions of morocco were necropsied during 1 year. the parasites in their stomachs were counted and locations determined in the cardiac, fundic and pyloric portions. synergistic or antagonistic interactions between parasites were assessed by a principal component analysis. gasterophilus intestinalis was only found in the cardiac portion and g. nasalis was mostly found in the pyloric portion. habronema were principally encountered in the pylori ... | 1993 | 8249256 |
| in vitro diagnosis of farmers' ige-mediated allergy by phadiatop and three new multiallergen rast analyses. | identification of persons with atopic allergy in a population is difficult if the pattern of sensitizing allergens is unique. three new multiallergen tests, professional allergy mixes (pax) 1-3 (pharmacia diagnostics, uppsala, sweden), have recently been introduced to screen ige-mediated allergy among farmers. pax 1 contains animal danders and feathers, pax 2 mites and insects, and pax 3 pollens and molds. the value of these new tests for the determination of ige-mediated allergy among farmers w ... | 1993 | 8368461 |
| comparison of five tests for the serologic diagnosis of myiasis by gasterophilus spp. larvae (diptera: gasterophilidae) in horses and donkeys: a preliminary study. | sera from 41 horses and 159 donkeys, from twelve states of méxico, were tested to ascertain anti-gasterophilus circulating antibodies by double immunodiffusion (dd), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie), indirect haemagglutination (ih), thin layer immunoassay (tia) and diffusion-in-gel elisa (dig-elisa) methods using crude somatic antigen from third instar larvae of g. intestinalis (degeer). at necropsy, 33/41 horses and 24/159 donkeys were found to be parasitized by g. intestinalis and/or g. nasa ... | 1993 | 8369558 |
| [spectrum of species and incidence of endoparasites in foals and their mother mares from breeding farms with and without anthelmintic prophylaxis in upper bavaria]. | in this epidemiological study 37 foals and mares were included, which have been coproscopically examined in regular intervals over a period lasting up to 13 months. the animals derived from nine breeding farms. in three of these farms no anthelmintics were used before this investigation, whereas in six farms at least three years before regular prophylactic treatments with anthelmintics have been carried out. this investigation revealed no differences in the species spectrum of endoparasites as w ... | 1996 | 8720956 |
| cross-reactive, stage-specific antigens in the oestridae family. | the larval stages of different economically important oestridae species were studied for their antigenicity and cross reactivity, using elisa and immunoblotting. the immune sera of cattle from algeria, belgium, france and switzerland were compared for their capacity to recognize the stage-specific antigens of their specific parasites hypoderma bovis and h lineatum, originating from different populations. this comparison was extended to other hypoderminae species responsible for economic losses i ... | 1996 | 8822621 |
| comparison of moxidectin oral gel and ivermectin oral paste against a spectrum of internal parasites of ponies with special attention to encysted cyathostome larvae. | two dosages of moxidectin oral gel were evaluated and compared to a therapeutic dose of ivermectin oral paste in the control of a spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites of ponies naturally infected in southern louisiana or mississippi. thirty-two mixed-breed ponies ranging in age from one to 21 years were used in this controlled test. eight weeks prior to the experiment, ponies grazing on contaminated pasture were moved to a paddock and fed a pelleted ration, thus reducing or eliminating the pot ... | 1996 | 8966989 |
| [endoparasites of donkeys and horses kept in communal housing in upper bavaria; species spectrum and incidence]. | in this epidemiological study of endoparasites 37 donkeys and 23 horses were included, which were examined coproscopically in regular intervals over a 15 month period. the animals derived from ten farms, in which regular prophylactic treatments with anthelmintics had been practiced at least for two years before this investigation. this study revealed the presence of at least twelve parasite species in donkeys, eimeria leuckarti, gasterophilus intestinalis, fasciola hepatica, anoplocephala perfol ... | 1996 | 8999593 |
| study on the gastrointestinal parasite fauna of ponies in northern germany. | quantitative faecal and post-mortem examinations of 16 ponies, 1 to 2 1/2 years of age, originating from 3 farms in northern germany were performed in february 1995 to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in these animals. a total of 33 species of metazoan parasites was recovered: three tapeworm species (anoplocephala perfoliata, a. magna, paranoplocephala mamillana), strongylus vulgaris, s. edentatus, small strongyles (including four triodontophorus spp., cratero ... | 1996 | 9060170 |
| controlled dose confirmation study of a 2% moxidectin equine gel against equine internal parasites in the netherlands. | the efficacy of a 2% moxidectin equine gel at a dosage rate of 0.4 mg kg-1 was evaluated in a controlled trial at utrecht university. twelve yearling castrated male shetland ponies grazed a pasture of 2 ha from may 1994 until housing in november. six ponies were treated with moxidectin, whereas the others served as non-treated controls. necropsy was carried out 35 days after treatment. greater than 99% efficacy of moxidectin was observed on faecal egg output. no effect of moxidectin was observed ... | 1997 | 9195720 |
| occurrence of gasterophilus intestinalis and some parasitic nematodes of horses in sweden. | a survey was performed on the occurrence of some internal parasites in 461 horses (1-30 years old) slaughtered from october 1992 to september 1993 at the linköping abattoir in central sweden. macroscopical examination was carried out specifically for parasites of the tear ducts and conjunctival sacs of the eyes, and of selected parts of the alimentary tract and cardio-vascular system. the following parasites were found in selected parts of the large intestine: encapsulated cyathostome larvae (in ... | 1997 | 9257451 |
| [endoparasitic fauna and incidence of species in yearling and adult horses in upper bavarian breeding farms with regular anthelmintic prophylaxis lasting for many years]. | in this epidemiological study 127 horses from five breeding farms in upper bavaria were included. the horses were coproscopically examined in intervals of four weeks over a 16-month period. since 1992 in all farms regular prophylactic treatments with anthelmintics have been carried out. in 127 horses at least five species were established, such as parascaris equorum, anoplocephala perfoliata, gasterophilus intestinalis and small strongyles, whose third stage larvae were characterized by eight or ... | 1997 | 9441048 |
| parasites of stomach and small intestine of 70 horses slaughtered in the netherlands. | the prevalence of metazoan parasites in the stomach and small intestine was investigated in 70 horses slaughtered in the period february 1994-july 1994. most horses were young (1.5-3 years) and in good condition. trichostrongylus axei was the most prevalent parasite species in the stomach (51.4%), followed by gasterophilus intestinalis (41.4%) and habronema spp. (4.3%). in the small intestine, parascaris equorum (28.6%) and paranoplocephala mamillana (1.4%) were found. the mean worm burden of t. ... | 1998 | 9477534 |
| efficacy of moxidectin 2% oral gel against second- and third-instar gasterophilus intestinalis de geer. | in a trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of the recommended dosage of moxidectin 2% oral gel against the gastric stages of gasterophilus spp., 14 ponies were selected from a herd on the basis of the inclusion criterion of the presence of gasterophilus spp. eggs attached to their hair coats. after random allocation, the ponies were treated with 1 of 2 treatments, moxidectin 2% equine gel in a single dose at the commercial dosage of 400 microg moxidectin/kg body weight or placebo gel. the anim ... | 1998 | 9645883 |
| gasterophilus intestinalis infections in horses in belgium. | over a period of one year, from december 1995 to november 1996, larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis were found in 193 horse stomachs (58%) of 330 that were examined in two belgian slaughter houses. when august is excluded, 62% of the stomachs had bot larvae. no other gasterophilus species were identified. the monthly prevalence ranged from 9% in august to 75% in november and december. the mean intensity of bot larvae varied from 8 in august to 29 in march, and the majority of the horses (67%) h ... | 1998 | 9746291 |
| structural, functional, and genetic characterization of gastrophilus hemoglobin. | hemoglobin of gastrophilus intestinalis (insecta, diptera), was purified and characterized. at least two isoforms have been identified by isoelectrofocusing, mass spectrometry, and genomic southern blotting. functional studies show a high oxygen affinity due to a low ligand dissociation rate (koff = 2.4 s-1) and a relatively high autoxidation rate (t1/2 = 1.6/h). the globins were separated under denaturing conditions, and the sequence of hb1 (mr = 17,965 +/- 2) was determined at the protein and ... | 1998 | 9829978 |
| efficacy of a 2 per cent moxidectin gel against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies. | the efficacy of moxidectin was evaluated in young ponies naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites. eight animals were treated orally with moxidectin at 0.4 mg/kg bodyweight and eight received only the vehicle. they were all necropsied two weeks later. faecal samples were examined daily for egg counts and larval cultures. parasites were recovered from total faecal samples collected daily and from the gastrointestinal tracts at necropsy. moxidectin reduced the strongyle egg counts by > 9 ... | 1998 | 9854319 |
| inter-relationship between gasterophilus larvae and the horse's gastric and duodenal wall with special reference to penetration. | the degree of penetration into the stomach and duodenum of the horse by bot fly larvae, gasterophilus intestinalis (de geer) and g. nasalis (linnaeus) (diptera : gasterophilidae) was evaluated. evidence of larval perforation of the stomach or duodenum was not found on gross inspection. palpation of the intact stomach and duodenum was not effective in establishing the existence of gasterophilus larvae within the organs. findings suggest that larvae of both species produce an ulcer of similar dept ... | 1999 | 10496697 |
| morphology of a newly discovered sensory array on the mouthhooks of gasterophilus larvae. | the distal mouthhooks of gasterophilus intestinalis (degeer) (diptera: gasterophilidae) and g. nasalis (linnaeus) (diptera: gasterophilidae) larvae were studied with scanning electron microscopy to determine the morphology of a previously unknown sensory array. the design of the 3rd stage g. intestinalis sensory array was used as the model for comparison to the 2nd stage of this species and the 2nd and 3rd stadia of g. nasalis. some components forming the sensory array of the 3rd stage g. intest ... | 1999 | 10608234 |
| field observations of the host-parasite relationship associated with the common horse bot fly, gasterophilus intestinalis. | behavior of gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: gasterophilidae) was observed in the laboratory and field over a period of 10 years. mating occurred in a frenzied manner as flies emerged from pupae. males attempted to copulate with females that had not fully emerged from the pupal case. mating was never observed in the field or near the horse. observations suggest that fecal piles of the horse are used as the mating site for the newly hatched flies. activation of host-seeking behavior was found ... | 2000 | 10681026 |
| use of detomidine hydrochloride as an adjunct for studying first-stage gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: gasterophilidae) in the tongue of the horse. | a synthetic alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, detomidine hydrochloride, was used in the study of in vivo activity of gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: gasterophilidae) during migration in the tongue of the horse. use of the drug allowed the investigator to manipulate the tongue and closely observe the movement patterns and tissue disturbance caused by burrowing first-stage larvae. detomidine hydrochloride should be utilized in studies of drug efficacy and larval biology, whenever possible, to avoid ... | 2000 | 10681035 |
| efficacy of moxidectin equine oral gel against endoscopically-confirmed gasterophilus nasalis and gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: oestridae) infections in horses. | a 3 m, video gastroscope was used to screen 47 horses suspected of being naturally infected with equine bot larvae. 17 of 47 (36.2%) candidate horses harbored gasterophilus nasalis larvae in the proximal duodenum and 46 of 47 (97.9%) had g. intestinalis larvae in the stomach. all horses infected with g. nasalis had concurrent infections with g. intestinalis. 14 horses with dual infections were allocated randomly to two treatment groups. seven horses in group 1 received 2% moxidectin oral gel onc ... | 2000 | 10714466 |
| prevalence of selected species of internal parasites in equids at necropsy in central kentucky (1995-1999). | a survey to determine current prevalence of several species of endoparasites in equids (n=350) at necropsy was conducted at the livestock disease diagnostic center in central kentucky (1995-1999). thelazia lacrymalis were found in 42% of the 1- to 4-year olds (n=132), which was the only age group examined for these parasites. five- to 30-year olds (n=157), examined for onchocerca spp. worms/lesions, had a prevalence of 24%. in > or =1-year olds (n=324), the infection rate for gasterophilus intes ... | 2000 | 10936545 |
| transmission of endoparasites in horse foals born on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky (1996-1999). | research carried out during the last 4 years (1996-1999) of an 11-year study of the prevalence of internal parasites naturally transmitted to horse foals born on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky is presented here. horses in this herd were not treated with any antiparasitic compound for over 20 years except for a replacement stallion in 1994. a total of 22 species, including 12 species of small strongyles, were recovered in the 4-year period. transmission patterns of all species (n= ... | 2001 | 11358626 |
| re-evaluation of ivermectin efficacy against equine gastrointestinal parasites. | two trials were conducted to confirm the efficacy of ivermectin paste against endoparasites of horses. in these trials, 20 ponies were treated with ivermectin oral paste at 200 mcg x kg body weight once on day 0, and 20 ponies served as unmedicated controls. the animals carried naturally acquired parasite infections as confirmed by pretrial fecal examination. the animals were necropsied for worm recovery on days 14, 15 or 16. parasites recovered were identified to species. horses treated with iv ... | 2001 | 11423189 |
| seasonal transmission of gastrointestinal parasites of equids in southern louisiana. | parasite-naive pony foals were used as sentinels to monitor transmission of gastrointestinal parasites of equids in louisiana during 4 seasons of the year. two annual periods were studied, 1988-1989 and 1992-1993. two or 3 foals each season were turned out to graze a contaminated pasture along with resident parasitized mares and their foals. after a grazing period of 8 wk, sentinel ponies were held in a parasite-free box stall for a period of 6 wk to allow parasites to develop, thus enhancing th ... | 2001 | 11780824 |
| septic peritonitis due to colonic perforation associated with aberrant migration of a gasterophilus intestinalis larva in a horse. | an adult quarter horse mare was presented with acute colic and fever. physical examination and abdominocentesis showed septic peritonitis, and the mare was euthanatized. necropsy and histopathologic examination revealed a focal partial perforation of the right ventral colon, which contained a single bot fly larva, identified as a third-instar larva of gasterophilus intestinalis. this larva was embedded deep within the muscularis and the submucosa. although bot fly larvae are known to attach to a ... | 2003 | 12724578 |
| a non-lethal method for assessment of efficacy of antiparasitics against parasites in horses such as anoplocephala perfoliata and gasterophilus intestinalis. | sourcing of horses naturally infected with parasites such as anoplocephala perfoliata and gasterophilus intestinalis for antiparasitic efficacy slaughter studies is often difficult, expensive, and usually excessive numbers of animals must be slaughtered before significant data can be obtained. to overcome this problem a "modified critical treatment method" was developed. this method does not require the horses to be sacrificed, but relies on the collection and processing of all faecal material c ... | 2003 | 12860069 |
| [gaseous metabolism of the third stage larva of gastrophilus intestinalis]. | | 1956 | 13446144 |
| the physiology of digestion in the larvae of the horse bot-fly, gasterophilus intestinalis (de geer). | | 1958 | 13600869 |
| a comparative account of the tracheal system of larvae of the horse bot-fly, gasterophilus intestinalis (de geer), and of some other dipterous larvae. | | 1960 | 13775448 |
| studies on the egg of the horse bot-fly, gasterophilus intestinalis (de geer). | | 1961 | 13919794 |
| [respiratory metabolism of the larva of gastrophilus intestinalis]. | | 1964 | 14167548 |
| the composition of horse bot fly (gastrophilus intestinalis) larva blood. | | 1950 | 14800891 |
| the variation in fat and glycogen content of the bot fly (gastrophilus intestinalis) larva tracheal organ during development. | | 1951 | 14850626 |
| the effect of carbon dioxide and certain respiratory inhibitors on the respiration of larvae of the horse bot fly (gastrophilus intestinalis de geer). | | 1951 | 14850627 |
| efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy to mosquito bites. | adverse effects of mosquito bites are often very unpleasant and need a treatment. | 2004 | 15180354 |
| [myiasis caused by oestridae: serological and molecular diagnosis]. | myiasis-causing oestridae (bot flies) infect several animal species world-wide, from palaearctic to subtropical/tropical areas. oestrids affect livestock production causing abortion, reduced milk production, losses in weight and fertility, poor hide quality and an impairment of the host's immune system. in the last few years much research has been carried out on the immunology of these infestations, in order to acquire efficient and reliable diagnostic serological tools; the genome of the differ ... | 2004 | 15305710 |
| species composition of gasterophilus spp. (diptera, oestridae) causing equine gastric myiasis in southern italy: parasite biodiversity and risks for extinction. | horse gastrointestinal myiasis caused by larvae of gasterophilus spp. (diptera, oestridae) flies has a worldwide distribution and, where present, it is primarily caused by larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis. other species, i.e., gasterophilus inermis, gasterophilus pecorum and gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis, present in different or in the same regions of the gastrointestinal tract, were only occasionally reported in very limited areas of eastern european countries and ... | 2005 | 15978726 |
| modulation of oxygen binding to insect hemoglobins: the structure of hemoglobin from the botfly gasterophilus intestinalis. | hemoglobins (hbs) reversibly bind gaseous diatomic ligands (e.g., o2) as the sixth heme axial ligand of the penta-coordinate deoxygenated form. selected members of the hb superfamily, however, display a functionally relevant hexa-coordinate heme fe atom in their deoxygenated state. endogenous heme hexa-coordination is generally provided in these hbs by the e7 residue (often his), which thus modulates accessibility to the heme distal pocket and reactivity of the heme toward exogenous ligands. suc ... | 2005 | 16260762 |
| the hemoglobin genes of drosophila. | we recently reported the unprecedented occurrence of a hemoglobin gene (glob1) in the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster. here we investigate the structure and evolution of the glob1 gene in other drosophila species. we cloned and sequenced glob1 genes and cdna from d. pseudoobscura and d. virilis, and identified the glob1 gene sequences of d. simulans, d. yakuba, d. erecta, d. ananassae, d. mojavensis and d. grimshawi in the databases. gene structure (introns in helix positions d7.0 and g7.0), ge ... | 2006 | 16420471 |
| prevalence of large endoparasites at necropsy in horses infected with population b small strongyles in a herd established in kentucky in 1966. | two closed horse herds (old lot 4 and field 24), infected since 1966 with population b small strongyles resistant to thiabendazole (tbz) and phenothiazine (ptz), were terminated in february, march, and may, 2005. at necropsy, only the large endoparasites were identified and counted. the number of horses on pasture was 14 (239 days of age to 23 years old) for old lot 4 and two (3 to 20 years old) for field 24. the time of the last antiparasitic treatment, relative to the year (2005) of necropsy, ... | 2006 | 16508764 |
| utility of mitochondrial and ribosomal genes for differentiation and phylogenesis of species of gastrointestinal bot flies. | larvae of gasterophilus spp. (diptera: oestridae) cause gastrointestinal myiasis of equids. however, their identification may be problematic due to morphological similarities between species infesting identical regions of the digestive tract. in this study, genes encoding for mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) and for the 16s and 28s ribosomal subunits of the most commonly encountered gasterophilinae subfamily species [i.e., gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis (l.), gasterophilus inermis (brauer ... | 2005 | 16539155 |
| pathomorphological study on gastroduodenal ulceration in horses: localisation of lesions. | gastroduodenal ulceration is a prevalent disease in foals and adult horses. decreased performance as well as fatal complications relate to this syndrome. the objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of gastric ulceration in a mixed population of horses by postmortem examination and to evaluate a possible association between equine gastric ulcer syndrome (egus) and sex or age of the examined horses, to evaluate the localisation of lesions in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal ... | 2007 | 17555289 |