| differentiation of paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the cause of american foulbrood of honeybees, by using pcr and restriction fragment analysis of genes encoding 16s rrna. | a rapid procedure for the identification of paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the causal agent of american foulbrood (afb) disease of honeybees (apis mellifera l.), based on pcr and restriction fragment analysis of the 16s rrna genes (rdna) is described. eighty-six bacterial strains belonging to 39 species of the genera paenibacillus, bacillus, brevibacillus, and virgibacillus were characterized. amplified rdna was digested with seven restriction endonucleases. the combined data from restricti ... | 2002 | 12089057 |
| [isolation and characteristic of a moderately halophilic bacterium accumulated ectoine as main compatible solute]. | a moderately halophilic bacterium(designated strain i15) was isolated from lawn soil. based on the analysis of 16s rdna (genbank accession number dq010162), morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain i15 was identified as virgibacillus marismortuii. this strain was capable of growing under 0% approximately 25% nacl, and exhibited an optimum nacl concentration of 10% and an optimum temperature of 30 degrees c and an optimum ph of 7.5 - 8.0 for its growth, respectively. unde ... | 2005 | 16496700 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bacterial isolates from man-made high-ph, high-salt environments and identification of gene-cassette-associated open reading frames. | environmental samples were collected from high-ph sites in pakistan, including a uranium heap set up for carbonate leaching, the lime unit of a tannery, and the khewra salt mine. another sample was collected from a hot spring on the shore of the soda lake, magadi, in kenya. microbial cultures were enriched from pakistani samples. phylogenetic analysis of isolates was carried out by sequencing 16s rrna genes. genomic dna was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using integron gene-cassette-spec ... | 2006 | 16732461 |
| virgibacillus koreensis sp. nov., a novel bacterium from a salt field, and transfer of virgibacillus picturae to the genus oceanobacillus as oceanobacillus picturae comb. nov. with emended descriptions. | a novel virgibacillus strain, bh30097t, was isolated from a salt field near taean-gun on the yellow sea in korea. cells were gram-positive rods and bore ellipsoidal endospores in terminal positions. the optimum ph and temperature for growth of this organism were ph 7 and 25 degrees c, respectively. the main respiratory quinone was mk-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-c(15 : 0) and iso-c(16 : 0). analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequence data revealed that the isolate formed an evo ... | 2006 | 16403894 |
| halolactibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. and halolactibacillus miurensis sp. nov., halophilic and alkaliphilic marine lactic acid bacteria constituting a phylogenetic lineage in bacillus rrna group 1. | eleven novel strains of marine-inhabiting lactic acid bacteria that were isolated from living and decaying marine organisms collected from a temperate area of japan are described. the isolates were motile with peritrichous flagella and non-sporulating. they lacked catalase, quinones and cytochromes. fermentation products from glucose were lactate, formate, acetate and ethanol. lactate yield as percentage conversion from glucose was affected by the ph of the fermentation medium: approximately 55 ... | 2005 | 16280507 |
| endospores of halophilic bacteria of the family bacillaceae isolated from non-saline japanese soil may be transported by kosa event (asian dust storm). | generally, extremophiles have been deemed to survive in the extreme environments to which they had adapted to grow. recently many extremophiles have been isolated from places where they are not expected to grow. alkaliphilic microorganisms have been isolated from acidic soil samples with ph 4.0, and thermophiles have been isolated from samples of low temperature. numerous moderately halophilic microorganisms, defined as those that grow optimally in media containing 0.5-2.5 molar (3-15%) nacl, an ... | 2005 | 16242015 |
| virgibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from a korean island, dokdo, located at the edge of the east sea in korea. | a gram-variable, motile, endospore-forming, slightly halophilic bacterial strain, dsw-10(t), was isolated from dokdo, an island located at the edge of the east sea, korea, and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. this isolate grew optimally at 37 degrees c and in the presence of 4-5% nacl. strain dsw-10(t) had cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, mk-7 as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-c(15:0), iso-c(15:0), anteiso-c(17:0) and iso-c(16:0) ... | 2005 | 16166674 |
| halotolerant aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from the great salt plains of oklahoma. | the salt plains national wildlife refuge (spnwr) near cherokee, oklahoma, contains a barren salt flat where permian brine rises to the surface and evaporates under dry conditions to leave a crust of white salt. rainfall events dissolve the salt crust and create ephemeral streams and ponds. the rapidly changing salinity and high surface temperatures, salinity, and uv exposure make this an extreme environment. the salt plains microbial observatory (spmo) examined the soil microbial community of th ... | 2004 | 15696379 |
| pontibacillus chungwhensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic gram-positive bacterium from a solar saltern in korea. | three moderately halophilic, spore-forming strains, designated bh030062t, bh030049 and bh030080, were isolated from a solar saltern in korea. phylogenetic analyses and comparative 16s rrna gene sequence studies revealed that the isolates represent a novel distinct monophyletic lineage within the phyletic group classically defined as the genus bacillus and are most closely related to members of the genera gracilibacillus (93.7-95.1 % similarity), virgibacillus (93.5-94.8 %), halobacillus (94.8-95 ... | 2005 | 15653871 |
| transfer of bacillus halodenitrificans denariaz et al. 1989 to the genus virgibacillus as virgibacillus halodenitrificans comb. nov. | a gram-variable, endospore-forming moderately halophilic rod, strain sf-121, was isolated from a marine solar saltern of the yellow sea in korea. the result of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that strain sf-121 has highest sequence similarity (99.7 %) with the type strain of bacillus halodenitrificans. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that b. halodenitrificans dsm 10037(t) and strain sf-121 are more closely related to the genus virgibacillus than to the genu ... | 2004 | 15545452 |
| cerasibacillus quisquiliarum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a semi-continuous decomposing system of kitchen refuse. | a moderately thermophilic and alkaliphilic bacillus, which had been reported and designated blx (haruta et al., 2002), was isolated from a semi-continuous decomposing system of kitchen refuse. cells of strain blxt were strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile and spore forming. the optimum temperature and ph for growth were approximately 50 degrees c and ph 8-9. strain blxt was able to grow at nacl concentrations from 0.5 to 7.5%, with optimum growth at 0.5% nacl. the predominant menaquinone was mk- ... | 2004 | 15280270 |
| nacl-activated extracellular proteinase from virgibacillus sp. sk37 isolated from fish sauce fermentation. | virgibacillus sp. sk37 exhibited high extracellular proteolytic activity in skim milk broth containing 10% nacl. optimum conditions of the crude proteinase were at ph 8.0 and 65 degrees c. the proteinase was strongly inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (pmsf) and preferably hydrolyzed suc-ala-ala-pro-phe-amc, suggesting the serine proteinase with a subtilisin-like characteristic. proteolytic activity increased with nacl concentration up to 20%. ca(2+) activated the enzyme activity but re ... | 2007 | 17995713 |
| using thermal inactivation kinetics to calculate the probability of extreme spore longevity: implications for paleomicrobiology and lithopanspermia. | thermal inactivation kinetics with extrapolation were used to model the survival probabilities of spores of various bacillus species over time periods of millions of years at the historical ambient temperatures (25-40 degrees c) encountered within the 250 million-year-old salado formation, from which the putative ancient spore-forming bacterium salibacillus marismortui strain 2-9-3 was recovered. the model indicated extremely low-to-moderate survival probabilities for spores of mesophiles. but s ... | 2003 | 14601931 |
| phylogenetic relationships between bacillus species and related genera inferred from comparison of 3' end 16s rdna and 5' end 16s-23s its nucleotide sequences. | the nucleotide sequences of the 3' end of the 16s rdna and the 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its) of 40 bacillaceae species were determined. these included 21 bacillus, 9 paenibacillus, 6 brevibacillus, 2 geobacillus, 1 marinibacillus and 1 virgibacillus species. comparative sequence analysis of a 220 bp region covering a highly conserved 150 bp sequence located at the 3' end of the 16s rrna coding region and a conserved 70 bp sequence located at the 5' end of the 16s-23s its of the 40 sp ... | 2003 | 12807189 |
| virgibacillus carmonensis sp. nov., virgibacillus necropolis sp. nov. and virgibacillus picturae sp. nov., three novel species isolated from deteriorated mural paintings, transfer of the species of the genus salibacillus to virgibacillus, as virgibacillus marismortui comb. nov. and virgibacillus salexigens comb. nov., and emended description of the genus virgibacillus. | a group of 13 strains was isolated from samples of biofilm formation on the mural paintings of the servilia tomb (necropolis of carmona, spain) and the saint-catherine chapel (castle at herberstein, austria). the strains were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study, including (gtg)5-pcr, 16s rdna sequence analysis, dna-dna hybridizations, dna base ratio determination, analysis of fatty acids, polar lipids and menaquinones and morphological and biochemical characterization. in a phylogenetic tr ... | 2003 | 12710619 |
| virgibacillus kekensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in china. | a gram-positive, moderately halophilic, motile, strictly aerobic, endospore-forming, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, strain yim kkny16(t), was isolated from a saline mud sample collected from the keke salt lake in the qaidam basin, north-west china. this isolate grew in the presence of 0-25 % (w/v) nacl and at ph 6.0-10.0 and 10-50 degrees c; optimum growth was observed with 10 % (w/v) nacl and at ph 7.0 and 37 degrees c. strain yim kkny16(t) had meso-diaminopimelic acid as ... | 2008 | 18319472 |
| diversity of moderately halophilic bacteria producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. | the aim of this study was to determine the diversity of moderately halophilic bacteria with hydrolase activities. | 2003 | 12534822 |
| lentibacillus salicampi gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt field in korea. | a gram-variable, aerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, sf-20(t), which was isolated from a salt field in korea, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. cells of this organism were motile by means of single flagella. strain sf-20(t) grew optimally in the presence of 4-8% nacl. the cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. the predominant menaquinone is mk-7. strain sf-20(t) has a cellular fatty acid profile containing majo ... | 2002 | 12508866 |
| osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in bacillus pasteurii and related bacillus spp. | by using natural-abundance (13)c-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis we have investigated the types of compatible solutes that are synthesized de novo in a variety of bacillus species under high-osmolality growth conditions. five different patterns of compatible solute production were found among the 13 bacillus species we studied. bacillus subtilis, b. licheniformis, and b. megaterium produced proline; b. cereus, b. circulans, b. th ... | 2002 | 11823218 |
| 16s rdna sequence analysis of bacterial isolates from biodeteriorated mural paintings in the servilia tomb (necropolis of carmona, seville, spain). | bacteria were isolated from damaged mural paintings of the servilia tomb (necropolis of carmona, seville, spain). selected strains, representative for different clusters of isolates with similar fatty acid profiles, were analysed by 16s rdna sequence analysis. bacillus is the dominant genus among the isolates: members of the rrna species complexes of b. megaterium, b. pumilus and b. firmus were found as well as several other bacillus species. one group of halotolerant isolates falls in the bacil ... | 2001 | 11822679 |
| curiously modern dna for a "250 million-year-old" bacterium. | studies of ancient dna have attracted considerable attention in scientific journals and the popular press. several of the more extreme claims for ancient dna have been questioned on biochemical grounds (i.e., dna surviving longer than expected) and evolutionary grounds (i.e., nucleotide substitution patterns not matching theoretical expectations for ancient dna). a recent letter to nature from vreeland et al. (2000), however, tops all others with respect to age and condition of the specimen. the ... | 2002 | 11734907 |
| [phylogenetic diversity of cultivable bacteria associated with a sea anemone from coast of the naozhou island in zhanjiang, china]. | to understand the diversity of cultivable bacteria isolated from a sea anemone collected from the coastal water of the naozbou island in the leizhou bay on south china sea. | 2009 | 19445182 |
| paenibacillus jamilae sp. nov., an exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium able to grow in olive-mill wastewater. | endospore-forming strains were isolated from corn-compost treated with olive-mill wastewater ('alpechin'). the strains were taxonomically studied and proposed as a novel paenibacillus species. these organisms (strains b.3t, b.7 and b.9) were particularly distinguishable from other aerobic spore-forming species by their ability to grow optimally in 100% (v/v) olive-mill wastewater at 30 degrees c and ph 7.0 and concomitant production of an interesting exopolysaccharide. chemotaxonomic analysis re ... | 2001 | 11594596 |
| simplified technique for identification of the aerobic spore-forming bacteria by phenotype. | the use of modern research approaches of genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology has led to progress in bacterial taxonomy. systematic study of the aerobic spore-forming bacteria has resulted in the realignment of the genus bacillus into several new genera. in the meantime, the identification process has become more difficult for the non-specialist in bacillus taxonomy. this paper presents a key for the simplified phenotypic identification of the mesophilic, aerobic, spore-forming bacteria ... | 2001 | 11491334 |
| isolation of a 250 million-year-old halotolerant bacterium from a primary salt crystal. | bacteria have been found associated with a variety of ancient samples, however few studies are generally accepted due to questions about sample quality and contamination. when cano and borucki isolated a strain of bacillus sphaericus from an extinct bee trapped in 25-30 million-year-old amber, careful sample selection and stringent sterilization techniques were the keys to acceptance. here we report the isolation and growth of a previously unrecognized spore-forming bacterium (bacillus species, ... | 2000 | 11057666 |
| reclassification of bacillus marismortui as salibacillus marismortui comb. nov. | recently, the features of a group of strains isolated from dead sea enrichments obtained in 1936 by one of us (b. e. volcani) were described. they were gram-positive, moderately halophilic, spore-forming rods, and were placed in a new species, bacillus marismortui. at the same time, the new genus salibacillus was proposed for the halophilic species bacillus salexigens. b. marismortui and salibacillus salexigens have similar phenotypic characteristics and the same peptidoglycan type. phylogenetic ... | 2000 | 10939656 |
| endophytic bacteria associated with growing shoot tips of banana (musa sp.) cv. grand naine and the affinity of endophytes to the host. | a cultivation-based assessment of endophytic bacteria present in deep-seated shoot tips of banana suckers was made with a view to generate information on the associated organisms, potential endophytic contaminants in tissue-cultured bananas and to assess if the endophytes shared a beneficial relationship with the host. plating the tissue homogenate from the central core of suckers showed colony growth on nutrient agar from just 75% and 42% of the 12 stocks during may and november, respectively ( ... | 2009 | 19633807 |
| proposal of virgibacillus proomii sp. nov. and emended description of virgibacillus pantothenticus (proom and knight 1950) heyndrickx et al. 1998. | a polyphasic study of strains originally received as bacillus (now virgibacillus) pantothenticus, along with strains representing species belonging to bacillus, halobacillus and paenibacillus, was undertaken using amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra), fatty acid methyl ester (fame) analysis, sds-page of whole-cell proteins and routine diagnostic characters comprising 61 biochemical tests in the api system and 15 observations of vegetative cell and sporangial morphology. it revealed the pr ... | 1999 | 10425765 |
| gracilibacillus gen. nov., with description of gracilibacillus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov.; transfer of bacillus dipsosauri to gracilibacillus dipsosauri comb. nov., and bacillus salexigens to the genus salibacillus gen. nov., as salibacillus salexigens comb. nov. | a gram-positive, extremely halotolerant bacterium was isolated from the great salt lake, utah, usa. the strain, designated nnt (= dsm 11805t), was strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by peritrichous flagella and spore-forming. strain nnt grew at salinities of 0-20% (w/v) nacl. a distinctive feature of strain nnt was its optimal growth in salt-free medium. the polar lipid pattern of strain nnt consisted of phosphatidyl glycerol, diphosphatidyl glycerol and two phospholipids of unknown structure. ... | 1999 | 10319508 |
| paucisalibacillus globulus gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-positive bacterium isolated from potting soil. | a gram-positive bacterium, designated b22(t), was isolated from potting soil produced in portugal. this organism is a catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, motile, spore-forming, aerobic rod that grows optimally at 37 degrees c and ph 8.0-8.5. optimal growth occurs in media containing 1 % (w/v) nacl, although the organism can grow in 0-8 % nacl. the cell wall peptidoglycan is of the a4alpha type with a cross-linkage containing d-asp. the major respiratory quinone is menaquinone 7 and the major fa ... | 2006 | 16902018 |
| cloning and characterization of the genes for biosynthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in the moderately halophilic bacterium halobacillus dabanensis d-8(t). | a 11.2-kb fragment containing the ectabc genes of the biosynthetic pathway of ectoine from the gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium halobacillus dabanensis d-8(t) was obtained by inverse polymerase chain reaction. subsequently, the entire ectabc cluster was cloned and analyzed. it revealed that the intergenic regions of the ectabc genes from h. dabanensis d-8(t) are more tightly spaced than those of chromohalobacter salexigens, halomonas elongata, marinococcus halophilus, and salibacil ... | 2006 | 16874550 |
| ornithinibacillus gen. nov., with the species ornithinibacillus bavariensis sp. nov. and ornithinibacillus californiensis sp. nov. | a gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming bacterium was isolated from pasteurized milk from bavaria, germany. 16s rrna gene sequence similarities indicated that strain wsbc 24001(t) was most closely related to virgibacillus species (95.3-96.1 %), oceanobacillus species (95.6-95.7 %), bacillus firmus iam 12464(t) (95.5 %) and bacillus niacini ifo 15566(t) (95.2 %). however, strain wsbc 24001(t) showed the highest level of sequence similarity to an unnamed strain, mb-9(t) (97 ... | 2006 | 16738118 |
| virgibacillus olivae sp. nov., isolated from waste wash-water from processing of spanish-style green olives. | four bacterial strains (e(30)8(t), e(55)49, i(30)77 and n(30)129) were isolated from the residual wash-water produced during the processing of spanish-style green table olives. the isolates were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study using phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic methods. the bacteria were gram-positive, spore-forming rods. moreover, they were heterotrophs that were able to utilize cellobiose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose as carbon sources. the g+c content of their genomic dna ... | 2007 | 17473231 |
| [diversity of culturable bacteria associated with the sea urchin hemicentrotus pulcherrimus from naozhou island]. | to investigate the diversity of culturable bacteria isolated from the sea urchin hemicentrotus pulcherrimus collected from a tidal flat of naozhou island (20 degrees 52'n - 20 degrees 56'n 110 degrees 33'e - 110 degrees 38'e), leizhou bay, south china sea, china. | 2009 | 20112668 |
| identification of bacteria on the surface of clinically infected and non-infected prosthetic hip joints removed during revision arthroplasties by 16s rrna gene sequencing and by microbiological culture. | it has been postulated that bacteria attached to the surface of prosthetic hip joints can cause localised inflammation, resulting in failure of the replacement joint. however, diagnosis of infection is difficult with traditional microbiological culture methods, and evidence exists that highly fastidious or non-cultivable organisms have a role in implant infections. the purpose of this study was to use culture and culture-independent methods to detect the bacteria present on the surface of prosth ... | 2007 | 17501992 |
| pelagibacillus goriensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halotolerant bacterium isolated from coastal water off the east coast of korea. | a gram-positive, moderately halotolerant bacterium, designated cl-gr16(t), was isolated from coastal water off the east coast of korea. the strain was strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile by means of peritrichous flagella and produced ellipsoidal spores. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that the isolate represented an independent lineage within bacillus rrna group 1, showing 93.6-94.6 % similarity with respect to the genus ornithinibacillus, 94.0 % with respect to ... | 2007 | 17625193 |
| 16srrna and enzymatic diversity of culturable bacteria from the sediments of oxygen minimum zone in the arabian sea. | sediment underlying the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern arabian sea is rich in organic matter. bacteria in this sediment-water interface are of great ecological importance as they are responsible for decomposing, mineralizing and subsequent recycling of organic matter. this study has for the first time addressed the phylogenetic and functional description of culturable bacteria of this region. genotypic characterization of the isolates using amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra) followe ... | 2010 | 20229220 |
| salirhabdus euzebyi gen. nov., sp. nov., a gram-positive, halotolerant bacterium isolated from a sea salt evaporation pond. | a low-g+c, gram-positive bacterium, designated cvs-14(t), was recovered from a sea salt evaporation pond on the island of sal in the cape verde archipelago. this organism was catalase- and oxidase-positive. cells were motile, spore-forming aerobic rods, with an optimum growth temperature of about 35-40 degrees c and optimum ph between 7.0 and 8.5. optimal growth occurred in media containing 4-6 % (w/v) nacl, although the organism was able to grow in medium without added nacl and in medium contai ... | 2007 | 17625195 |
| virgibacillus halophilus sp. nov., spore-forming bacteria isolated from soil in japan. | two gram-positive, round-spore-forming, rod-shaped, halophilic bacterial strains, 5b73c(t) and 5b133e, were isolated from field soil in kakegawa, shizuoka, japan, and were characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. these two strains were found to comprise strictly aerobic, motile rods that formed subterminal endospores. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed that strains 5b73c(t) and 5b133e are phylogenetically affiliated to the genus virgibacillus, exhibitin ... | 2007 | 17625203 |
| osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase. | by using natural abundance (13)c nmr spectroscopy, we investigated the types of compatible solutes synthesized in a variety of bacilli under high salinity growth conditions. glutamate, proline, and ectoine were the dominant compatible solutes synthesized by the various bacillus species. the majority of the inspected bacilli produced the tetrahydropyrimidine ectoine in response to high salinity stress, and a subset of these also synthesized a hydroxylation derivative of ectoine, 5-hydroxyectoine. ... | 2007 | 17636255 |
| identification of salt-inducible peptide with putative kinase activity in halophilic bacterium virgibacillus halodenitrificans. | strain xii, a moderately halophilic bacterium, expressed a peptide in response to saline media. this peptide was designated as salt-inducible factor (sif-a). the purpose of this study is to describe sif-a, which might be involved in the osmoresistance mechanism of strain xii. the complete sequence of sif-a was determined using pcr. sif-a codes for a polypeptide of 20.518 kda. the polypeptide has a putative signal peptide of 27 amino acids (2.667 kda) preceding the mature protein (17.869 kda). mo ... | 2007 | 17964480 |
| acceleration of thai fish sauce fermentation using proteinases and bacterial starter cultures. | a means to accelerate fish sauce fermentation without adversely affecting fish sauce quality was investigated. starter cultures prepared from virgibacillus sp. sk33, virgibacillus sp. sk37, and staphylococcus sp. sk1-1-5 were added separately to anchovy that was hydrolyzed by 0.25% alcalase at 60 degrees c for 2 h followed by 0.5% flavourzyme at 50 degrees c for 4 h. the mixtures were then adjusted to contain 25% solar salt and incubated at 35 degrees c for 4 mo. alpha-amino contents of all inoc ... | 2007 | 18034732 |
| microbial diversity analysis of former salterns in southern taiwan by 16s rrna-based methods. | the microbiota diversity of the former salterns in southern taiwan was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). soil samples from three salterns were analyzed using dgge and 16s rrna from 502 colonies representing 5 archaea and 18 bacteria taxonomic groups. each representative taxonomic group was further identified, whereas 8.7% of clones were unclassified microorganisms. chromohalobacter, halomonas and virgibacillus are domina ... | 2007 | 18072239 |
| virgibacillus chiguensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic bacterium isolated from chigu, a previously commercial saltern located in southern taiwan. | a gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, irregular rod-shaped (0.7-0.9 x 2.5-5.0 microm), halophilic bacterial strain, ntu-101(t), was isolated from chigu saltern in southern taiwan, previously used as a salt production field. the isolate was characterized taxonomically based on biochemical and molecular approaches. it grows optimally at 40 degrees c and in the presence of 5-10 % nacl. strain ntu-101(t) has cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and mk-7 as the predominant ... | 2008 | 18218928 |
| synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in virgibacillus pantothenticus is triggered by high salinity and low growth temperature. | the quantification of the intracellular concentration of ectoine in virgibacillus pantothenticus revealed that the production of this compatible solute is triggered either by an increase in the external salinity or by a reduction in the growth temperature. this finding reflects increased transcription of the ectoine biosynthetic operon (ectabc) under both environmental conditions. | 2008 | 18487398 |
| virgibacillus salarius sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a saharan salt lake. | a gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic bacterium was isolated from a salt-crust sample collected from gharsa salt lake (chott el gharsa), tunisia. the newly isolated bacterium, designated sa-vb1(t), was identified based on polyphasic taxonomy including genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization. strain sa-vb1(t) was closely related to the type strains of virgibacillus marismortui and virgibacillus olivae, with 16s rrna gene sequence similarities o ... | 2008 | 18842865 |
| screening and isolation of halophilic bacteria producing extracellular hydrolyses from howz soltan lake, iran. | screening of bacteria from different areas of howz soltan playa, a hypersaline lake in the central desert zone of iran, led to the isolation of 231 moderately halophilic bacteria, which were able to grow optimally in media with 5-15% of salt, and 49 extremely halophilic microorganisms that required 20-25% of salt for optimal growth. these isolates produced a great variety of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. a total of 195, 177, 100, 95, 92, 68, 65, 33, and 28 strains produced lipases, amylases, ... | 2009 | 19037673 |
| biological control of grey mould in strawberry fruits by halophilic bacteria. | grey mould caused by botrytis cinerea is an economically important disease of strawberries in tunisia and worldwide. the aim of this study was to select effective halophilic bacteria from hypersaline ecosystems and evaluate the abilities of antifungal bacteria to secrete extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, anti-botrytis metabolites and volatiles. | 2009 | 19191973 |
| diversity and phylogeny of culturable spore-forming bacilli isolated from marine sediments. | members of the genus bacillus and related genera are ubiquitous in nature. however, bacillus species isolated from marine sediments have attracted less interest respect to their terrestrial relatives. here, we report the phylogenetic diversity of a collection of 96 bacilli, isolated from 17 distinct stations of 5 oceanographic campaigns. the diversity was analysed by phenotypic and molecular approaches based on the amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra), amplification of the internal transc ... | 2009 | 19322832 |
| virgibacillus litoralis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline soil. | a gram-positive, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain jsm 089168(t), was isolated from saline soil collected from naozhou island, leizhou bay, south china sea. the organism was able to grow with 2-25% (w/v) total salts (optimum, 5-10%), at ph 6.0-10.0 (optimum, ph 8.0) and 10-45 degrees c (optimum, 30 degrees c). meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. the strain contained m ... | 2009 | 19459062 |
| guidelines for interpretation of 16s rrna gene sequence-based results for identification of medically important aerobic gram-positive bacteria. | this study is believed to be the first to provide guidelines for facilitating interpretation of results based on full and 527 bp 16s rrna gene sequencing and microseq databases used for identifying medically important aerobic gram-positive bacteria. overall, full and 527 bp 16s rrna gene sequencing can identify 24 and 40 % of medically important gram-positive cocci (gpc), and 21 and 34 % of medically important gram-positive rods (gpr) confidently to the species level, whereas the full-microseq a ... | 2009 | 19528178 |
| virgibacillus sediminis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in china. | a gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, strain yim kkny3t, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a salt lake in the qaidam basin of north-west china. cells were motile by means of peritrichous flagella and formed ellipsoidal endospores lying in subterminal swollen sporangia. growth occurred with 1-20% (w/v) total salts (optimum, 5-10%) and at ph 6.0-10.5 (optimum, ph 7.5-8.0) and 10-55 degrees c ... | 2009 | 19605714 |
| purification and characterization of a salt-activated and organic solvent-stable heterotrimer proteinase from virgibacillus sp. sk33 isolated from thai fish sauce. | a nacl-activated proteinase produced by virgibacillus sp. sk33 was purified to homogeneity using phenyl-sepharose and sephadex g-75 with a yield of 12% and purification of 2.6-fold. a single protein was detected at approximately 32 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. however, three subunits with molecular weights of 27,858, 33,918, and 35,368 da were obtained from maldi-tof mass spectra, implying that the enzyme was a heterotrimer. the isoelectric point of the prote ... | 2010 | 19938835 |
| evaluation of the vitek2 bcl card for identification of bacillus species and other aerobic endosporeformers. | to evaluate the performance of the vitek2 bacillus identification card (bcl) for the identification of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria, using fresh isolates and reference strains. | 2010 | 19943885 |
| virgibacillus subterraneus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic gram-positive bacterium isolated from subsurface saline soil. | a gram reaction-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated h57b72(t), was isolated from subsurface saline soil of qaidam basin in the qinghai province, china. cells were rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, spore-forming and motile. the isolate grew optimally at 9 % (w/v) nacl, ph7.5 and 30°c. the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain h57b72(t) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. the predominant isoprenoid quinone was mk-7. the major cellular fatty acids were antei ... | 2010 | 20061492 |
| virgibacillus xinjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake of xin-jiang province in china. | a strictly aerobic gram-positive, moderately halophilic spore forming bacterium, designated strain sl6-1(t), was isolated from a salt lake in xin-jiang province, china. growth of strain sl6-1(t) was observed at nacl concentrations of 0 approximately 20% (w/v) (the optimum being 5 approximately 7%, w/v). the peptidoglycan type of strain sl6-1(t) was algamma-meso-diaminopimelic acid and its major cellular fatty acids were iso-c(14:0) and iso-c(16:0) and ante-iso-c(15:0). the major respiratory isop ... | 2010 | 20127463 |
| virgibacillus soli sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil. | a gram-positive bacterium (strain cc-ymp-6(t)) was isolated from soil samples collected from yang-ming mountain, taiwan. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, strain cc-ymp-6(t) clearly belonged to the genus virgibacillus and was most closely related to the type strains of virgibacillus halophilus (96.2 % similarity) and virgibacillus kekensis (96.3 %). the predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone mk-7 and the polar lipid profile was composed of the major components diphosphatid ... | 2011 | 20228217 |
| synthesis of 5-hydroxyectoine from ectoine: crystal structure of the non-heme iron(ii) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase ectd. | as a response to high osmolality, many microorganisms synthesize various types of compatible solutes. these organic osmolytes aid in offsetting the detrimental effects of low water activity on cell physiology. one of these compatible solutes is ectoine. a sub-group of the ectoine producer's enzymatically convert this tetrahydropyrimidine into a hydroxylated derivative, 5-hydroxyectoine. this compound also functions as an effective osmostress protectant and compatible solute but it possesses prop ... | 2010 | 20498719 |
| isolation, characterization and phylogeny of sponge-associated bacteria with antimicrobial activities from brazil. | bacteria associated with marine sponges represent a rich source of bioactive metabolites. the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteria with antimicrobial activities from brazilian sponges. a total of 158 colony-forming units were isolated from nine sponge species. among these, 12 isolates presented antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria. based on comparative sequence analysis of their 16s rrna genes, the sponge-associated bacterial strains could be subdivided into ... | 2010 | 20600863 |
| enhanced protease production in a polymethylmethacrylate conico-cylindrical flask by two biofilm-forming bacteria. | a polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) conico-cylindrical flask (ccf) with an inner arrangement consisting of eight equidistantly spaced rectangular strips mounted radially on a circular disk to provide additional surface area for microbial attachment was employed for protease production by two biofilm-forming bacteria, an intertidal gamma-proteobacterium (dgii) and a chicken meat isolate, virgibacillus pantothenticus. the flask design allowed comparison of protease production during cultivation with a ... | 2010 | 20947343 |
| identification of novel halotolerant bacillopeptidase f-like proteinases from a moderately halophilic bacterium, virgibacillus sp. sk37. | virgibacillus sp. sk37 isolated from thai fish sauce produced numerous nacl-activated subtilisin-like proteinases. our objectives were to purify, characterize and identify these extracellular proteinases. | 2010 | 20955191 |
| analysis of the cultivable bacterial community in jeotgal, a korean salted and fermented seafood, and identification of its dominant bacteria. | jeotgal or jeot, a traditional korean salted and fermented food, is made by adding 20-30% (w/w) salt to various types of seafood. to develop a more complete overview of the bacterial community present in jeotgal, 610 pure colonies were isolated from myeolchi-jeot and saeu-jeot, the most commonly consumed varieties of jeotgal, which are made with anchovy (engraulis japonicas) and tiny shrimp (acetes japonicas), respectively. the bacterial isolates were identified by 16s rdna sequence analysis. a ... | 2010 | 21056781 |
| identification of moderately halophilic bacteria from thai fermented fish ( pla-ra ) and proposal of virgibacillus siamensis sp. nov. | forty-one isolates of moderately halophilic bacteria were isolated from fermented fish (pla-ra) in thailand. on the basis of their phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, dna-dna relatedness and 16s rrna gene sequences analyses, they were divided into six groups. the isolates in group i to v were gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. they contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and menaquinone with seven isoprene units (mk-7). an isolate in group vi was a gram-negat ... | 2010 | 21099133 |
| virgibacillus alimentarius sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a traditional korean food. | a novel, gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming and halophilic bacterial strain, j18t, was isolated from a traditional salt-fermented seafood made of gizzard shad in korea. colonies were convex, cream-colored and 1.0-2.0 mm in diameter after incubation for 3 days on marine agar. growth occurred under ph 7.0-11.0 (optimum, ph 10.0), 0-30 % nacl (optimum, 9-10 %), and 4-40 °c (optimum, 37 °c). on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarities, strain j18t was most closely related t ... | 2011 | 21239563 |
| bioflocculant production by virgibacillus sp. rob isolated from the bottom sediment of algoa bay in the eastern cape, south africa. | a bioflocculant-producing marine bacterium previously isolated from marine sediment of algoa bay was screened for flocculant production. comparative analysis of 16s rdna sequence identified the isolate to have 99% similarity to virgibacillus sp. xq-1 and it was deposited in the genbank as virgibacillus sp. rob with accession number hq537127. the bacterium produced biflocculants optimally in glucose (70.4%) and peptone (70.4%) as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen, alkaline ph (12) (74%); and th ... | 2011 | 21403600 |
| virgibacillus campisalis sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern in the west coast of korea. | a gram-staining-variable, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, ids-20(t), was isolated from a marine solar saltern in korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. strain ids-20(t) grew optimally at 37°c, at ph 7.5-8.0 and in the presence of 4-5 % (w/v) nacl. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that strain ids-20(t) belongs to the genus virgibacillus. strain ids-20(t) exhibited 93.4-96.6 % 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to the t ... | 2011 | 21441379 |
| evidence of cell-associated proteinases from virgibacillus sp. sk33 isolated from fish sauce fermentation. | cell-associated proteinases from virgibacillus sp. sk33 isolated from fish sauce fermentation were extracted and characterized. proteinases were effectively released when washed cells were incubated in 0.3 mg/ml lysozyme in 50 mm tris-maleate (ph 7) at 37 °c for 2 h. major cell-associated proteinases exhibited molecular mass of 17, 32, and 65 kda, but only a 32-kda proteinase showed strong amidolytic activity toward suc-ala-ala-pro-phe-amc. activity of all cell-associated proteinases was complet ... | 2011 | 21535808 |
| a novel subtilase with nacl-activated and oxidant-stable activity from virgibacillus sp. sk37. | microbial proteases are one of the most commercially valuable enzymes, of which the largest market share has been taken by subtilases or alkaline proteases of the bacillus species. despite a large amount of information on microbial proteases, a search for novel proteases with unique properties is still of interest for both basic and applied aspects of this highly complex class of enzymes. oxidant stable proteases (osps) have been shown to have a wide application in the detergent and bleaching in ... | 2011 | 21658261 |
| ectoine and hydroxyectoine as protectants against osmotic and cold stress: uptake through the sigb-controlled bcct-type carrier ectt from virgibacillus pantothenticus. | virgibacillus pantothenticus has been shown to synthesize the compatible solute ectoine in response to high salinity or low growth temperature. we found now that exogenously provided ectoine and hydroxyectoine also serve as protectants against these challenges. transport studies with [(14)c]-ectoine revealed that both types of stress induced a high-affinity ectoine uptake activity in v. pantothenticus. by using an escherichia coli mutant defective in osmoprotectant uptake systems, a functional c ... | 2011 | 21764932 |
| recognition of greater diversity of bacillus species and related bacteria in human faeces. | in a study looking at culturable aerobic actinobacteria associated with the human gastrointestinal tract, the vast majority of isolates obtained from dried human faeces belonged to the genus bacillus and related bacteria. a total of 124 isolates were recovered from the faeces of 10 healthy adult donors. 16s rrna gene sequence analyses showed the majority belonged to the families bacillaceae (n=81) and paenibacillaceae (n=3), with bacillus species isolated from all donors. isolates tentatively id ... | 2011 | 22041546 |
| virgibacillus arcticus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, endospore-forming bacterium from permafrost in the canadian high arctic. | a novel, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated hal 1t, was isolated from a permafrost core collected from the canadian high arctic. the temperature for growth of strain hal 1t was 0-30 degrees c with no growth observed at either -5 or 37 degrees c (optimum growth at about 25 degrees c). strain hal 1t was able to grow at nacl concentrations of 0-20% (w/v) and did not have an absolute nacl requirement for growth; optimal growth was at 5% (w/v) nacl. the level of 16s ... | 2009 | 19605723 |
| virgibacillus salinus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from sediment of a saline lake. | a novel, moderately halophilic, gram-positive bacterium, designated strain xh-22(t), was isolated from sediment of a saline lake located near xilinhot, inner mongolia autonomous region, china. cells were rod-shaped, endospore-forming and motile. the isolate was able to grow in the presence of 3-20 % (w/v) total salts (optimum, 10 %, w/v), and at 15-40 degrees c (optimum, 37 degrees c) and ph 6.0-10.0 (optimum, ph 7.5). strain xh-22(t) had diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, mk-7 ... | 2009 | 19643886 |
| virgibacillus byunsanensis sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern. | a gram-variable, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterial strain, isl-24(t), was isolated from a marine solar saltern of the yellow sea, korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic study. strain isl-24(t) grew optimally at ph 7.0-8.0, at 30-37 degrees c and in the presence of 8 % (w/v) nacl. it contained mk-7 as the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-c(15 : 0) as the predominant fatty acid. the dna g+c content was 37.6 mol%. a phylogenetic analysis based on 16s ... | 2010 | 19651717 |
| virgibacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from sea water. | a gram-positive, endospore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain jsm 079157(t), was isolated from surface seawater off the coastline of naozhou island in south china sea. the organism was able to grow with 1-15% (w/v) total salts (optimum, 4-7%), and at ph 6.0-10.0 (optimum, ph 7.5) and 10-45 degrees c (optimum, 30 degrees c). meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. the predominant menaquinone was mk-7, and ... | 2009 | 19774482 |