| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in non-grazed, restored and over-grazed grassland in the inner mongolia steppe. | arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungal diversity was investigated in non-grazed, restored and over-grazed (fenced) plots of a grassland in the inner mongolia steppe. plant cover and variety differ between the plots, being highest in the non-grazed to lowest in the over-grazed plots. a total of 19 am fungal taxa belonging to six genera were found based on spores isolated from field samples and trap cultures. one belonged to acaulospora, one to archaeospora, one to entrophospora, one to gigaspora, 12 ... | 2007 | 17882458 |
| genetic structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal populations in fallow and cultivated soils. | the impact of fallowing on the genetic structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) was studied by hierarchical sampling of spores from four plots in a fallow and a cultivated field. a nested multiplex pcr approach was used to assign the spores to genotypes. variable introns of the two protein-coding genes gmfox2 and gmtor2 were used as co-dominant genetic markers together with the large subunit (lsu) rdna. the gene diversity and genetic structure of glomus mosseae, glomus geosporum and glomu ... | 2008 | 18565143 |
| biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots and soils of two salt marshes. | the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) was assessed by both morphological and molecular criteria in two salt marshes: (i) a nacl site of the island terschelling, atlantic coast, the netherlands and (ii) a k(2)co(3) marsh at schreyahn, northern germany. the overall biodiversity of amf, based on sequence analysis, was comparably low in roots at both sites. however, the morphological spore analyses from soil samples of both sites exhibited a higher amf biodiversity. glomus geosporum w ... | 2009 | 19220401 |
| metal accumulation and arbuscular mycorrhizal status in metallicolous and nonmetallicolous populations of pteris vittata l. and sedum alfredii hance. | although pteris vittata l. and sedum alfredii hance have been identified as an as hyperaccumulator and a zn/cd hyperaccumulator, respectively, for a few years, variations in metal accumulation among populations and their arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) status have not been fully explored. six populations of p. vittata and four populations of s. alfredii from southeast china were investigated. up to 1,373 as, 680 pb, 376 zn, 4.8 cd, 169 cu mg kg(-1) in fronds of p. vittata and 358 as, 2,290 pb, 23,40 ... | 2007 | 17624548 |
| bacteria associated with spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi glomus geosporum and glomus constrictum. | spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) glomus geosporum and glomus constrictum were harvested from single-spore-derived pot cultures with either plantago lanceolata or hieracium pilosella as host plants. pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the bacterial communities associated with the spores depended more on amf than host plant identity. the composition of the bacterial populations linked to the spores could be predominantly influenced by a specific spore ... | 2005 | 16269696 |
| development and amplification of multiple co-dominant genetic markers from single spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by nested multiplex pcr. | multiple co-dominant genetic markers from single spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi glomus mosseae, glomus caledonium, and glomus geosporum were amplified by nested multiplex pcr using a combination of primers for simultaneous amplification of five loci in one pcr. subsequently, each marker was amplified separately in nested pcr using specific primers. polymorphic loci within the three putative single copy genes gmfox2, gmtor2, and gmgin1 were characterized by sequencing and single ... | 2005 | 15588998 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal propagules in a salt marsh. | the tolerance of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) to stressful soil conditions and the relative contribution of spores of these fungi to plant colonization were examined in a portuguese salt marsh. glomus geosporum is dominant in this salt marsh. using tetrazolium as a vital stain, a high proportion of field-collected spores were found to be metabolically active at all sampling dates. spore germination tests showed that salt marsh spores were not affected by increasing levels of sal ... | 2004 | 12811643 |
| the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus geosporum in european saline, sodic and gypsum soils. | plants of saline and sodic soils of the hungarian steppe and of gypsum rock in the german harz mountains, thus soils of high ionic strength and electric conductivity, were examined for their colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). roots of several plants of the saline and sodic soils such as artemisia maritima, aster tripolium or plantago maritima are strongly colonized and show typical amf structures (arbuscules, vesicles) whereas others like the members of the chenopodiaceae, salic ... | 2002 | 12189475 |
| effect of phenanthrene and rhodotorula glutinis on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization of maize roots. | the effect of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) phenanthrene and the yeast rhodotorula glutinis on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus geosporum colonizing maize roots, was studied. during a 90-day experiment, the highest g. geosporum colonization values were found in control plants. mycorrhiza root length, measured both on the basis of percentage of root colonization and on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, showed similar patterns in different phenanthrene treatments. ... | 2002 | 12035727 |
| hypericin and pseudohypericin concentrations of a valuable medicinal plant hypericum perforatum l. are enhanced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | hypericum perforatum l. (st. john's-wort, hypericaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant species cultivated for pharmaceutical purposes. although the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of h. perforatum have been well studied, no data are available concerning the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) on this important herb. a laboratory experiment was therefore conducted in order to test three amf inocula on h. perforatum with a view to show whether amf could influence pla ... | 2011 | 21626142 |
| specificity between neotropical tree seedlings and their fungal mutualists leads to plant-soil feedback. | a growing body of evidence obtained largely from temperate grassland studies suggests that feedbacks occurring between plants and their associated soil biota are important to plant community assemblage. however, few studies have examined the importance of soil organisms in driving plant-soil feedbacks in forested systems. in a tropical forest in central panama, we examined whether interactions between tree seedlings and their associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) lead to plant-soil feedb ... | 2010 | 20957954 |
| the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate amendement on arsenic uptake, accumulation and growth of pteris vittata in as-contaminated soil. | this study investigated the contributions of mixed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) inoculum-i.e., mixed populations of indigenous mycorrhiza (glomus intraradices, glomus geosporum, glomus mosseae) (im) isolated from arsenic (as) contaminated soil and non-indigenous mycorrhiza such as g. mosseae (gm), which possess metal tolerance characteristics-and the addition of phosphate rock (pr) towards the uptake and accumulation of as by pteris vittata (as hyperaccumlator) grown in as-contaminated soi ... | 2010 | 20734915 |
| intraspecific differences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in their impacts on arsenic accumulation by pteris vittata l. | it has been shown that pteris vittata, an arsenic hyperaccumulator, could be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi either in controlled conditions or at field sites. however, physiological mechanisms of am fungi influencing as accumulation and tolerance in the plant are not fully elucidated. two predominant fungal species, glomus mosseae and glomus geosporum, and a rapidly sporulating fungal species, glomus etunicatum, associated with p. vittata were isolated from as-contaminated soils. ... | 2009 | 19535126 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal inhibition of growth in barley cannot be attributed to extent of colonization, fungal phosphorus uptake or effects on expression of plant phosphate transporter genes. | here, we used phosphorus-32 (32p) labelling in compartmented pots combined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of phosphate(pi) transporter gene expression to investigate regulation of pi uptake pathways in barley (hordeum vulgare), an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) plant that does not show strong positive growth responses to colonization.barley was colonized well by glomus intraradices and poorly by glomus geosporum,but both fungi induced significant and similar gr ... | 2009 | 19140934 |
| effects of metal lead on growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive plant species (solidago canadensis l.). | it is less known whether and how soil metal lead (pb) impacts the invasion of exotic plants. a greenhouse experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of lead on the growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive species (solidago canadensis l.) in a microcosm system. each microcosm unit was separated into host and test compartments by a replaceable mesh screen that allowed arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungal hyphae rather than plant roots to grow into the test compartments. three pb levels (control, ... | 2008 | 18763570 |
| positive feedback between mycorrhizal fungi and plants influences plant invasion success and resistance to invasion. | negative or positive feedback between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and host plants can contribute to plant species interactions, but how this feedback affects plant invasion or resistance to invasion is not well known. here we tested how alterations in amf community induced by an invasive plant species generate feedback to the invasive plant itself and affect subsequent interactions between the invasive species and its native neighbors. we first examined the effects of the invasive forb so ... | 2010 | 20808770 |