| evaluation of sorghum ergot toxicity in broilers. | three experiments evaluated the performance of broilers fed sorghum ergot consisting of sphacelia/sclerotia of claviceps africana present in tailings removed by conditioning of seed from grain sorghum hybrid seed production fields near uvalde (experiments 1 and 2) and dumas (experiment 3), texas. percentage sphacelia/sclerotia and total alkaloid content, respectively, in sorghum ergot tailings were 8% and 11.3 ppm for uvalde and 75% and 235 ppm for dumas. sorghum ergot and control sorghum diets ... | 1999 | 10536787 |
| sorghum ergot (claviceps africana) associated with agalactia and feed refusal in pigs and dairy cattle. | to establish the aetiology and define the main clinical features of a syndrome characterised by severe feed refusal, death of piglets and reduced milk production in pigs and dairy cattle. | 2000 | 10736670 |
| effect of grazing sorghum (sorghum bicolor) infected with ergot (claviceps africana) on beef cattle. | | 2000 | 10736675 |
| the use of biomagnetic separation to recover dna suitable for pcr from claviceps species. | dna analysis of agriculturally important fungi using polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods is becoming routine in research and for diagnostic purposes. rapid, small-scale dna isolation methods that take advantage of the sensitivity, speed and automation potential of pcr technology are needed for timely analysis of important plant pathogens. dna isolated from claviceps africana (causal agent of ergot of sorghum) using several standard dna extraction protocols was found to be unamplifiable ... | 2000 | 10972707 |
| rediscovery of claviceps sorghi (ascomycotina: clavicipitaceae) in india. | during last twenty years, endemic claviceps sorghi was largely replaced in india by an introduced species claviceps africana. recently, c. sorghi was found and isolated from sorghum bicolor (gulbarga, karnataka). macroconidia were smaller than in the type description, 7.6-14.5 (avg. 11.4) x 3.8-6.1 (avg. 4.8) microm; microconidia were rounded to oval, 2.5-3 microm in diameter. when plated, only the macroconidia underwent secondary conidiation. sporulation was maintained only in cultures grown on ... | 2002 | 12000133 |
| determination of dihydroergosine in sorghum ergot using an immunoassay. | dihydroergosine (dhes) is the principal toxic alkaloid produced by sorghum ergot (claviceps africana). it has recently been shown that dhes levels as low as 1 mg/kg in animal feed can cause significant production losses. quantitative immunoassays for detecting the related rye ergot alkaloid, ergotamine, are described in the literature, but those assays are relatively insensitive for dhes. this paper describes competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for measuring the dhes concentra ... | 2003 | 12822923 |
| viability of claviceps africana spores ingested by adult corn earworm moths, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | a study was conducted in college station, tx, to determine the viability of claviceps africana spores in the digestive tract of adult corn earworm moths, helicoverpa zea (boddie). both sexes were exposed to ergot-infected sorghum panicles for 30 min, and spores were recovered from excreta of the moths at 24-, 48-, and 72-h intervals after feeding. recovered spores were quantified, and viability was determined by the germination rate of macroconidia. nearly a 100-fold greater concentration of spo ... | 2004 | 15279250 |
| oligosaccharides produced by submerged cultures of claviceps africana and claviceps sorghi. | oligosaccharides produced by submerged cultures of c. africana and c. sorghi were isolated by semipreparative hplc. structure of 6-o-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-d-glucopyranose (blastose), 1,6-bis-o-(beta-d-fructofuranosyl)-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (neokestose) and two sugar alcohols, 1-o-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-d-mannitol (fructosylmannitol) and 1,6-bis-o-(beta-d-fructofuranosyl)-d-mannitol (bisfructosylmannitol) was determined by nmr spectrometry. maldi tof ms analysis revealed molecular ions [m+na]+ ... | 2005 | 16295657 |
| cultural characteristics, morphology, and variation within claviceps africana and c. sorghi from india. | sorghum ergot in india is caused by claviceps africana and c. sorghi. the distributions of these two species in india is not known. eighty-nine sorghum ergot isolates were cultured from young sphacelia obtained from male sterile sorghum plants artificially inoculated using inoculum collected in the field. based on cultural characteristics, the isolates were separated into two groups which differed distinctly in the morphology of their sphacelia, conidia, and sclerotia. marked differences also we ... | 2006 | 16556494 |
| analysis of claviceps africana and c. sorghi from india using aflps, ef-1alpha gene intron 4, and beta-tubulin gene intron 3. | isolates of claviceps causing ergot on sorghum in india were analysed by aflp analysis, and by analysis of dna sequences of the ef-1alpha gene intron 4 and beta-tubulin gene intron 3 region. of 89 isolates assayed from six states in india, four were determined to be c. sorghi, and the rest c. africana. a relatively low level of genetic diversity was observed within the indian c. africana population. no evidence of genetic exchange between c. africana and c. sorghi was observed in either aflp or ... | 2006 | 16563714 |
| feeding sorghum ergot (claviceps africana) to sows before farrowing inhibits milk production. | to assess the impact of feeding different amounts of sorghum ergot to sows before farrowing. | 2007 | 17470063 |
| qtl analysis of ergot resistance in sorghum. | sorghum ergot, caused predominantly by claviceps africana frederickson, mantle, de milliano, is a significant threat to the sorghum industry worldwide. the objectives of this study were firstly, to identify molecular markers linked to ergot resistance and to two pollen traits, pollen quantity (pq) and pollen viability (pv), and secondly, to assess the relationship between the two pollen traits and ergot resistance in sorghum. a genetic linkage map of sorghum ril population r931945-2-2 x is 8525 ... | 2008 | 18481043 |
| evaluation of relationships between weather patterns and prevalence of sorghum ergot in the texas panhandle. | abstract sorghum ergot caused by claviceps africana was observed for the first time in the united states in southern texas in 1997. that year there was a widespread ergot epidemic in hybrid seed production fields in the texas panhandle. however, occurrence of the disease has been sparse during the past 3 years, easing fears that the hybrid seed industry in the region might be endangered. to determine whether climatic factors were associated with observed variations in prevalence of ergot, weathe ... | 2002 | 18944264 |
| assessment of diversity in claviceps africana and other claviceps species by ram and aflp analyses. | abstract genetic diversity among isolates of claviceps africana, the sorghum ergot pathogen, and isolates of other claviceps spp. causing ergot on sorghum or other hosts, was analyzed by random amplified microsatellite (ram) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analyses. of the ram primer sets tested, one revealed polymorphism in c. africana isolates, with australian and indian isolates possessing a unique fragment. aflp analysis, in addition to clearly distinguishing claviceps spp. ... | 2000 | 18944476 |
| effect of feeding sorghum ergot (claviceps africana) to sows during mid-lactation on plasma prolactin and litter performance. | diets containing 3% sorghum ergot (16 mg alkaloids/kg, including 14 mg dihydroergosine/kg) were fed to 12 sows from 14 days post-farrowing until weaning 14 days later, and their performance was compared with that of 10 control sows. ergot-fed sows displayed a smaller weight loss during lactation of 24 kg/head vs. 29 kg/head in control sows (p > 0.05) despite feed consumption being less (61 kg/head total feed intake vs. 73 kg/head by control sows; p < 0.05). ergot-fed sows had poorer weight gain ... | 2008 | 19012599 |
| early harvest and ensilage of forage sorghum infected with ergot (claviceps africana) reduces the risk of livestock poisoning. | sorghum ergot produces dihydroergosine (dhes) and related alkaloids, which cause hyperthermia in cattle. proportions of infected panicles (grain heads), leaves and stems were determined in two forage sorghum crops extensively infected 2 to 4 weeks prior to sampling and the panicles were assayed for dhes. composite samples from each crop, plus a third grain variety crop, were coarsely chopped and half of each sealed in plastic buckets for 6 weeks to simulate ensilation. the worst-infected panicle ... | 2010 | 20633168 |
| synchronicity of pollination and inoculation with claviceps africana and its effects on pollen-pistil compatibility and seed production in sorghum. | sorghum ergot (caused by claviceps africana) is a disease that affects sorghum seed development and yield. the interaction between pollen tube growth and hyphal development determines whether ovaries will be fertilized or colonized. thus their respective deposition times on the stigma are critical. the effect of the time interval between pollination and inoculation on stigma receptivity and seed production was measured under field conditions in the male-sterile line a9 at montecillo, state of mé ... | 2010 | 20943138 |