| physical map of the cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus genome and its relationship to the genome of cydia pomonella granulosis virus. | a physical map of the genome of cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus (cigv) was constructed for the restriction enzymes bamhi, ecori, kpni, ndei, nrui, saci and xhoi using hybridization techniques. the size of the viral genome was determined to be 112.4 kbp. a restriction fragment library covering almost the entire genome of cigv was constructed, and the position of the granulin gene was identified by cross-hybridization with granulin coding fragments of cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cp ... | 1992 | 1629693 |
| tcl4.7: a novel lepidopteran transposon found in cydia pomonella granulosis virus. | after the co-infection of larvae of the lepidopteran cryptophlebia leucotreta with the two baculoviruses c. leucotreta granulosis virus and cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cigv and cpgv, respectively), three cpgv mutants and one cigv mutant carrying insertions of 0.9 to 4.7 kb have been isolated. by cloning, sequencing, and hybridization analysis, one of these insertions was identified as a transposon-like element derived from the c. leucotreta genome. this element, called tcl4.7, was found in ... | 1995 | 7886941 |
| the granulin gene region of cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus: sequence analysis and phylogenetic considerations. | the nucleotide sequence of a 2.2 kb genome region of the baculovirus cryptophlebia leucotreta granulosis virus (cigv) encompassing the granulin gene and a second open reading frame, designated orf909, was determined. the putative granulin orf comprises 744 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide with a predicted m(r) of 29.3 k. the 5' leader of the granulin gene contains a canonical late baculovirus promoter (ataag) and differs only in two nucleotide positions from the sequence of cydia pomonella gra ... | 1994 | 7996162 |
| an apoptosis-inhibiting gene from a nuclear polyhedrosis virus encoding a polypeptide with cys/his sequence motifs. | two different baculovirus genes are known to be able to block apoptosis triggered upon infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with p35 mutants of the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv):p35 (p35-encoding gene) of acmnpv (r. j. clem, m. fechheimer, and l. k. miller, science 254:1388-1390, 1991) and iap (inhibitor of apoptosis gene) of cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cpgv) (n. e. crook, r. j. clem, and l. k. miller, j. virol. 67:2168-2174, 1993). using ... | 1994 | 8139034 |
| replication of cydia pomonella granulosis virus in cell cultures. | several primary cell lines that support the complete replication of cydia pomonella granulosis virus have been established from one culture of c. pomonella embryonic cells. virus passaged three times in cells and once in larvae showed no change in restriction enzyme fragment patterns. stages in virus replication observed by electron microscopy resembled those from in vivo studies. cell lines that were maintained at or below 21 degrees c retained susceptibility to virus over a period of 4 years w ... | 1993 | 8345351 |
| an apoptosis-inhibiting baculovirus gene with a zinc finger-like motif. | spodoptera frugiperda sf-21 cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus mutants which lack a functional p35 gene undergo apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death. to identify p35-homologous genes in other baculoviruses, a. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna containing a deletion in p35 was cotransfected into sf-21 cells along with genomic dnas from other baculoviruses. one of the viral dnas which were able to rescue wild-type infection was from cydia pomonella ... | 1993 | 8445726 |
| characterization of a highly conserved baculovirus structural protein that is specific for occlusion-derived virions. | a highly conserved baculovirus late gene called odvp-6e was shown to be a structural protein that is specific for occlusion-derived virus (odv) envelopes. the complete sequence of this gene is presented for both orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) and cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cpgv). the predicted sizes of the opmnpv and cpgv odvp-6e are 40, 241, and 38,655 respectively. the opmnpv odvp-6e gene was transcriptionally mapped and was shown to initiate from a consensus l ... | 1996 | 8615018 |
| comprehensive physical map of the cydia pomonella granulovirus genome and sequence analysis of the granulin gene region. | a cloned strain of cydia pomonella granulovirus, cpgv-m1, was obtained using successive rounds of an in vivo limiting dilution method. a detailed physical map of the genome was constructed using 11 restriction enzymes. the region containing the granulin gene and an open reading frame immediately upstream of the granulin gene was sequenced. this region showed a high degree of homology to the equivalent region from cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus with 98% amino acid identity for the granulin ... | 1997 | 9129672 |
| identification, tissue localisation and physiological effect in vitro of a neuroendocrine peptide identical to a dipteran leu-callatostatin in the codling moth cydia pomonella (tortricidae: lepidoptera). | a neuroendocrine peptide of the leu-callatostatin family, lpvynfgl-nh2, has been isolated from tissue extracts of 5th instar larvae of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (lepidoptera). it is identical to a peptide previously isolated from the blowfly, calliphora vomitoria (diptera). the distribution of this peptide within the tissues of c. pomonella has been mapped by immunocytochemistry using antisera raised against lpvynfgl-nh2. midgut endocrine cells contain leu-callatostatin immunoreactivity, ... | 1997 | 9182602 |
| complete sequence and transposon mutagenesis of the bamhi j fragment of cydia pomonella granulosis virus. | the bamhi j fragment of cydia pomonella granulosis virus was subcloned and subjected to transposon mutagenesis in escherichia coli using a tn3 derivative. after screening by restriction endonuclease digestion and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), 44 clones were selected representing insertions every 100 to 300 bp. the complete sequence was compiled and the transposon insertion sites mapped precisely by sequencing. analysis of the sequence revealed the presence of 7 potential open reading frames ( ... | 1997 | 9237352 |
| identification and sequence analysis of the integration site of transposon tcp3.2 in the genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus. | recently, we described the isolation and characterisation of the novel lepidopteran transposon tcp3.2, which was found to be inserted into the genome of a spontaneous mutant of the baculovirus cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv). transposon tcp3.2, which is a member of the tcl/mariner superfamily, is an apparently defective copy which became stably integrated into the viral genome (jehle et al., 1997. j. mol. evol., in press). in this study, we located, cloned and sequenced a genomic region of 2 ... | 1997 | 9282780 |
| lepidopteran peptides of the allatostatin superfamily. | peptides of the allatostatin superfamily with the c-terminal amino acid sequence -yxfgl-nh2 have been isolated and identified from the lepidopterans, the codling moth, cydia pomonella (tortricidae) and the bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (noctuidae). the peptides, designated cydiastatins and helicostatins respectively, were monitored during purification with radioimmunoassays based on the callatostatins of the blowfly calliphora vomitoria. the eight peptides from each of the two species appear to ... | 1997 | 9392829 |
| horizontal escape of the novel tc1-like lepidopteran transposon tcp3.2 into cydia pomonella granulovirus. | we characterized an insertion mutant of the baculovirus cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv), which contained a transposable element of 3.2 kb. this transposon, termed tcp3.2, has unusually long inverted terminal repeats (itrs) of 756 bp and encodes a defective gene for a putative transposase. amino acid sequence comparison of the defective transposase gene revealed a distant relationship to a putative transposon in caenorhabditis elegans which also shares some similarity of the itrs. maximum par ... | 1998 | 9452523 |
| identification and characterization of the cydia pomonella granulovirus cathepsin and chitinase genes. | a 3.2 kb bamhi-ecori fragment of the cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) genome was subcloned and characterized. sequence analysis revealed two complete and one partial open reading frames (orfs). orf7l is predicted to encode a 66.7 kda protein (594 amino acid residues) that is 57% identical (amino acid sequence) to the chia gene (orf126) of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), encoding a chitinase. orf8r is 333 amino acids in length and shows high similarity (between 64% and 67 ... | 1998 | 9747739 |
| influence of ph on the toxicity and survival of total cells and spores of bacillus thuringiensis. | b. thuringiensis (bt) is one of the most important microorganism among those studied because of their entomopathogenic potential against insect plagues and vectors. in this work, the pathogenicity and survival of total cells and spores of three autochthonous strains of b. thuringiensis isolated from argentine soils (a61, a27 and a68) and the commercial strain hd-1 were studied at different ion hidrogen concentrations (ph = 4.4; 5.4; 7.4; 8.4; 9.4 and 10.4) under laboratory conditions. the greate ... | 1998 | 9793141 |
| host status of fresh prunes by potential quarantine pests in laboratory tests and evaluation of packinghouse culls. | the status of fresh prunes, prunus domestica l., as a host for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae); peach twig borer, anarsia lineatella zeller (lepidoptera: gelechiidae); omnivorous leafroller, platynota stultana walshingham (lepidoptera: tortricidae); oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae); navel orangeworm, amyelois transitella (walker) (lepidoptera: pyralidae); and walnut husk fly, rhagoletis completa cresson (diptera: tephritidae ... | 1999 | 10333755 |
| choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus: sequence analysis and 5' characterization of orf891. | a gene located immediately upstream of the granulin gene of choristoneura fumiferana (chfugv) granulovirus was identified, sequenced and named orf891. the determined, putative open reading frame (orf) of 891 bp encodes an estimated 34.6 kda protein. the 5' end transcript of the gene was mapped and analysed. a putative promoter region organization of chfugv orf891 contains a consensus late baculovirus promoter element, taag, and two putative early tata boxes similar to the promoters of orf909 of ... | 1999 | 10365164 |
| a baculovirus anti-apoptosis gene homolog of the trichoplusia ni granulovirus. | an inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) gene homolog (tn-iap) of the trichoplusia ni granulovirus (tngv) was cloned, sequenced and mapped on the genome of tngv. tn-iap encoded a protein (tn-iap) of 301 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 35 kda. the tn-iap contained the two sequence motifs, birs and ring finger, characteristic of iap proteins, and shared identities of 21-27% and similarities of 28-53% with iap proteins of cydia pomonella gv (cp-iap), orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuc ... | 1999 | 10541013 |
| the crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni display a synergistic activity against the codling moth, cydia pomonella. | crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni strain hnc are active against the codling moth, cydia pomonella, a major pest of orchards. inclusion bodies purified from strain hnc displayed an lc(50) of 3.34 x 10(-3) microgram/microliter. hnc-purified crystals were tenfold more active than cry2aa and cry1aa toxins, and 100-fold more toxic than cry1ab. the 34-kda and 40-kda proteins contained in hnc inclusion bodies were shown to act synergistically. the toxicity of crystal protein ... | 2000 | 10679054 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the harrisina brillians granulovirus granulin gene. | well over 100 isolates of granulosis viruses (gvs), genus granulovirus (family baculoviridae), have been reported, all from lepidopterous insects. three types of gvs are recognized, those of type 1, which attack the fat body, type 2, which attack most tissues, and type 3, which attack only the midgut epithelium. to determine whether a correlation exists between tissue tropism and lepidopteran family phylogeny, the granulin gene of the harrisina brillians (hbgv), a virus that attacks the midgut e ... | 2000 | 11043952 |
| comparative analysis of the granulin regions of the phthorimaea operculella and spodoptera littoralis granuloviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of two cloned restriction fragments encompassing the granulin genes from the granuloviruses of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella, phopgv, and the egyptian cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis, spligv, have been determined. although both viruses are able to infect the same ph. operculella cell line, their granulins do not cluster in the same phylogenetic branches. phopgv ganulin is closely related to cydia pomonella gv (cpgv) and cryptophlebia leucotreta gv ... | 2000 | 11129630 |
| in vitro metabolism of aflatoxin b1 by larvae of navel orangeworm, amyelois transitella (walker) (insecta, lepidoptera, pyralidae) and codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (insecta, lepidoptera, tortricidae). | larvae of the navel orangeworm (now), amyelois transitella (walker), a major pest of almonds and pistachios, and the codling moth (cm), cydia pomonella (l.), the principal pest of walnuts and pome fruits, are commonly found in tree nut kernels that can be contaminated with aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen. the ability of larvae of these insects to metabolize aflatoxin b1 (afb1) was examined. a field strain of now produced three afb1 biotransformation products, chiefly aflatoxicol (afl), and minor ... | 2000 | 11223936 |
| phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes within the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene region of the slow-killing adoxophyes orana granulovirus. | a physical map of the genome of adoxophyes orana granulovirus (aogv) was constructed for the restriction enzymes bamhi, bglii, ecori, psti and saci using restriction endonuclease analysis and dna hybridization techniques. this enabled the size of the aogv genome to be estimated at 100.9 kbp. a plasmid library covering 99.9% of the aogv genome was constructed using five restriction enzymes. the ecdysteroid udp-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) was located by hybridization with the egt gene of cydia ... | 2001 | 11514742 |
| the complete sequence of the cydia pomonella granulovirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the dna genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was determined and analysed. the genome is composed of 123500 bp and has a g+c content of 45.2%. it contains 143 orfs of 150 nucleotides or more that show minimal overlap. one-hundred-and-eighteen (82.5%) of these putative genes are homologous to genes previously identified in other baculoviruses. among them, 73 are homologous to genes of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), whereas 108 and 98 are h ... | 2001 | 11562546 |
| homologous recombination between the inverted terminal repeats of defective transposon tcp3.2 causes an inversion in the genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus. | in this study, a new mutant of the cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv), which shows spontaneous inversion of a transposable element during in vivo replication, is described. cpgv-mcp4 is a natural mutant of cpgv-m, containing the transposable element tcp3.2, which originated from the genome of the host c. pomonella. during in vivo cloning studies of cpgv-mcp4, a mutant called cpgv-mcp4inv was isolated. cpgv-mcp4inv shows heterogeneity in the genome area of transposon insertion. restriction mappi ... | 2002 | 12075075 |
| expression of the cydia pomonella granulovirus iap3 gene. | the iap3 protein of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was the first identified member of the baculovirus iap family of proteins, which have been shown to block apoptosis in diverse systems. however, little is known of the expression and subcellular localisation of cpgv iap3 during a viral infection. this study examined iap3 in cells infected by cpgv and in cells infected by an autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) recombinant that carried the cpgv iap3 gene. the levels of iap3 s ... | 2002 | 12111431 |
| comparative activity of baculoviruses against the codling moth cydia pomonella and three other tortricid pests of tree fruit. | the granulovirus of cydia pomonella (l.) (cpgv) offers potential for selective control of codling moth. two major limitations of cpgv are its narrow host range and lack of persistence in the orchard agroecosystem. the nucleopolyhedroviruses of the alfalfa looper autographa californica (speyer) (acmnpv) and those of the celery looper anagrapha falcifera (kirby) (afmnpv) have broad host ranges. comparative assays of cpgv, acmnpv, and afmnpv against codling moth neonate larvae revealed a 54-93-fold ... | 2002 | 12234544 |
| identification and characterization of a putative baculoviral transcriptional factor ie-1 from choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | a gene that encodes a protein homologue to baculoviral ie-1 was identified and sequenced in the genome of the choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv). the gene has an 1278 nucleotide (nt) open-reading frame (orf) that encodes 426 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 50.33 kda. at the nucleotide level, several cis-acting regulatory elements were detected within the promoter region of the ie-1 gene of chfugv along with other studied granuloviruses (gvs). two putative ccaat elem ... | 2002 | 12470588 |
| identification and characterization of a conserved baculoviral structural protein odvp-6e/odv-e56 from choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | a gene that encodes a homologue to baculoviral odvp-6e/odv-e56, a baculoviral envelope-associated viral structural protein, has been identified and sequenced on the genome of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv). the chfugv odvp-6e/odv-e56 gene was located on an 11-kb bamhi subgenomic fragment using different sets of degenerated primers, which were designed using the results of the protein sequencing of a major 39 kda structural protein that is associated with the occlusion-derived vir ... | 2002 | 12470594 |
| functional interaction between cydia pomonella granulovirus iap proteins. | cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) encodes for three inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) proteins. one of them, cpiap3, was previously identified based on its capacity to substitute for the p35 gene in blocking autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv)-induced apoptosis in sf21 cells. in this paper, the function of the other two cpgv iap proteins, cp94 and cpiap5, was studied. neither cp94 nor cpiap5, independently or together, can block actinomycin d-induced apoptosis in transient expressi ... | 2003 | 12606082 |
| the lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus contains the capsid-associated p24 protein gene. | during the course of investigations on a wild-type strain of lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv), a region of the viral genome was analyzed and found to contain 697 bp that is lacking in the sequenced strain (5-6) of ldmnpv (kuzio et al., virology 253, 17-34, 1999). the sequenced strain of ldmnpv contains a mutation in the 25 k few polyhedra (fp) gene, and exhibits the phenotype of a fp mutant. the additional sequence was located at approximately 81.4 map units withi ... | 2003 | 12680688 |
| detection of major and minor sex pheromone components by the male codling moth cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | electroantennograms (eags) recorded from the antennae of male cydia pomonella l. in response to stimulation with doses of the main sex pheromone component e8,e10-dodecadienol (codlemone) ranging from 5ng to 500&mgr;g did not differ in their amplitudes from responses obtained to a synthetic 7-component pheromone blend containing the same absolute quantities of codlemone. based on differences in spike amplitudes obtained in single cell recordings (scr), sensilla trichodea on the antenna of males w ... | 1997 | 12770443 |
| evolution of inhibitors of apoptosis in baculoviruses and their insect hosts. | the phylogenetic relationships of inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) from insects and insect viruses were reconstructed and compared with the phylogeny of the viruses reconstructed on the basis of dna polymerase species. the phylogeny supported the hypothesis that there were three iap genes in the ancestor of the viral genus nucleopolyhedrovirus (family baculoviridae), but that there has been differential deletion of iap genes in different lineages within this genus. an iap gene from the granulovirus ... | 2002 | 12797996 |
| intra-specific and inter-specific recombination of tortricid-specific granuloviruses during co-infection in insect larvae. | intra-specific recombination between two genotypes of the cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (crlegv), namely cv3 and cv4, was studied by mixed infection experiments of larvae of c. leucotreta, followed by in vivo cloning and dna restriction enzyme analyses of isolated progeny viruses. as a prerequisite for these studies a comparative restriction map for of cv3 and cv4 was constructed for eight restriction enzymes. the mixed infection experiments resulted in the isolation of the recombinant c ... | 2003 | 12827463 |
| phenological segregation of insecticide resistance alleles in the codling moth cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae): a case study of ecological divergences associated with adaptive changes in populations. | intrapopulation variability in the seasonal regulation of insect lifecycles has been shown to be due partly to genetic changes. selection for insecticide resistance in the codling moth cydia pomonella results from allelic substitution at two to three loci in south-eastern french populations of this species. however, such an adaptive process has been associated with an increased heterogeneity in the developmental responses to climatic factors such as temperature. in this paper, we investigate whe ... | 2003 | 12929908 |
| an immunochemical method for quantitation of epinotia aporema granulovirus (epapgv). | epinotia aporema granulovirus (epapgv) is a baculovirus that affects e. aporema larvae and has proven to be a good candidate for the biocontrol of this important pest in south america. as part of the quality control of the production of a bioinsecticide based on epapgv, a sensitive method was developed for the detection and quantitation of the virus. to this end, we used the major occlusion body (ob) protein (granulin) to generate polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. purified igg fractions from hyp ... | 2003 | 12951208 |
| mechanisms of behavioral alterations of parasitoids reared in artificial systems. | a high quality of mass reared parasitoids is required for successful biological control of pest insects. although the phenomenon of behavioral deterioration of parasitoids due to rearing in artificial conditions is well known, its significance is often underestimated, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly investigated. we quantified behavioral alterations of parasitoids reared in an artificial system vs. a natural system and elucidated some of the mechanisms involved. the model systems consis ... | 2003 | 12956512 |
| choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus p74 protein, a highly conserved baculoviral envelope protein. | a gene that encodes a homologue to baculoviral p74, an envelope-associated viral structural protein, has been identified and sequenced on the genome of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv). a part of the chfugv p74 gene was located on an 8.9 kb bamhi subgenomic fragment using different sets of degenerated primers. these were designed using the results of the protein sequencing of a major 74 kda structural protein that is associated with the occlusion-derived virus (odv). the gene has a ... | 2003 | 14536031 |
| polymerase chain reaction assay for cydia pomonella granulovirus detection in cydia pomonella population. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was successfully used to identify cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) in larvae of cydia pomonella l. (codling moth). pcr with the primers cpgv-2a/cpgv-2b and cpgv-3a/cpgv-3b was found suitable for detection of cpgv. the primers cp-i/cp-ii and cp-iii/cp-iv were able to identify the transposable element tcp3.2 in c. pomonella larvae. the presence of cpgv in the larvae from orchards,which had been infected with cpgv was tested during 2 years post infection ... | 2003 | 14658843 |
| the genome of the cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus. | the genome of the cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (crlegv) was sequenced and analyzed. the double-stranded circular genome contains 110907 bp and potentially encodes 129 predicted open reading frames (orfs), 124 of which were similar to other baculovirus orfs. five orfs were crlegv specific and 26 orfs were common to other granulovirus genomes. one orf showed a significant similarity to a nonstructural protein of bombyx mori densovirus-2. a baculovirus chitinase gene was identified, which ... | 2003 | 14698662 |
| sex pheromone of argyrotaenia pomililiana (lepidoptera: tortricidae), a leafroller pest of apples in argentina. | sex pheromone gland extracts of argyrotaenia pomililiana trematerra & brown females contained seven 14-chain compounds, the z and e isomers of 11-tetradecenyl acetate, 11-tetradecen-1-ol, and 11-tetradecenal, respectively, together with tetradecyl acetate. in field trapping tests, a 100:5 blend of z11-14:ac and z11-14:al was shown to be suitable for detection and monitoring of a. pomililiana. this species-specific lure will facilitate the use of mating disruption against codling moth, cydia pomo ... | 2004 | 15279276 |
| toxicity and residual activity of methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide to codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) and oriental fruit moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | a series of studies were conducted to examine the residual activity and toxicity of the ecdysone agonists tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide to codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), and oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck), in north carolina apple systems. methoxyfenozide exhibited greater activity than tebufenozide against codling moth eggs in dose-response bioassays, with a 4.5- and 5.3-fold lower lc50 value to eggs laid on fruit treated before or after oviposition, respectively. orient ... | 2004 | 15384347 |
| oriental fruit moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) phenology and management with methoxyfenozide in north carolina apples. | the phenology of oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck), on apple (malus spp.) in north carolina was studied using pheromone traps and egg sampling in abandoned and commercial orchards in 2000 and 2001, with subsequent development of an oviposition degree-day model and management studies in relation to codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), phenology. oriental fruit moth eggs were found in greater numbers on leaves early and on fruit later in the growing season, on the top versus the botto ... | 2004 | 15384348 |
| hydrolysis of glycosidically bound volatiles from apple leaves (cv. anna) by aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase affects the behavior of codling moth (cydia pomonella l.). | glycosidically bound volatiles released from apple leaf extracts (cv. anna) were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (spme-gc-ms) and their behavioral effects on codling moth (cm) adults were evaluated in cage bioassays. the levels of 1-octanol, linalool, geraniol, benzyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, (2r,5r)-theaspirane, and (2s,5r)-theaspirane were significantly increased in the leaf extracts containing the aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase (bgl1) compar ... | 2004 | 15453689 |
| identification, characterization and phylogenic analysis of conserved genes within the odvp-6e/odv-e56 gene region of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | the genes that are located within the odvp-6e/odv-e56 region of the choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv) were identified by sequencing the 11 kb bamhi restriction fragment on the chfugv genome. the global gc content that was calculated from the data obtained from this genomic region was 34.96%. the open-reading frames (orfs), located within the odvp-6e/odv-e56 region, are presented and compared to the equivalent orfs that are located at the same region in other gvs. this region is comp ... | 2004 | 15469697 |
| identification, characterization and phylogenic analysis of conserved genes within the p74 gene region of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus genome. | the genes located within the p74 gene region of the choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (chfugv) were identified by sequencing an 8.9 kb bamhi restriction fragment on the chfugv genome. the global guanine-cytosine (gc) content of this region of the genome was 33.02%. this paper presents the orfs within the p74 gene region along with their transcriptional orientations. this region contains a total of 15 open reading frames (orfs). among those, 8 orfs were found to be homologues to the baculovir ... | 2004 | 15607029 |
| dna diagnostics to identify internal feeders (lepidoptera: tortricidae) of pome fruits of quarantine importance. | a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method is presented for differentiating among the north american internal apple-feeding pests codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.); oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck); lesser appleworm, grapholita prunivora (walsh); and cherry fruitworm, grapholita packardi zeller. an approximately 470-bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit i (coi) was sequenced in three to six specimens of each species. consistent and diagnostic difference ... | 2005 | 15889717 |
| male oriental fruit moth response to a combined pheromone-based attracticide formulation targeting both oriental fruit moth and codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | combined attracticide formulations targeting oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck), and codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), were tested in a field trapping experiment. capture of male codling moths in traps baited with the combined formulation was reduced compared with traps baited with the codling moth formulation alone, whereas capture of male oriental fruit moth was increased compared with traps baited with the oriental fruit moth formulation alone. subsequent wind tunnel experiment ... | 2005 | 15889719 |
| responses to sex pheromone and plant odours by olfactory receptor neurons housed in sensilla auricillica of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | antennal olfactory receptor neurons located in a limited number of two types of sensilla auricillica, the rabbit-eared shoehorn and the regular shoehorn, located on the 5-30 flagellomere of the codling moth, cydia pomonella, antenna were screened for selectivity to 11 plant compounds, the major sex pheromone component, three minor pheromone components and one behavioural antagonist. both types of sensilla housed at least three neurons characterised by different action potential amplitudes. neuro ... | 2005 | 15964591 |
| virulence and competitiveness of cydia pomonella granulovirus mutants: parameters that do not match. | the ld50, median survival time (st50) and virus production are virulence parameters that are commonly used to describe the biological characteristics of viruses. in this study, these parameters were determined for cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv-m) and two naturally occurring mutants (cpgv-mcp4 and -mcp5) that carry tc1-like insect transposable elements. the three virus genotypes were similar in their ld50, st50 and virus production. however, the mutant genotypes mcp4 and mcp5 were very effec ... | 2005 | 16186226 |
| role of host feeding niches and host refuges in habitat-related behaviour of hyssopus pallidus (hymenoptera: eulophidae), a larval parasitoid of the codling moth. | parasitoid fitness depends largely on the capability to locate a host in an ecosystem. a parasitoid of a polyphagous host might not be able to find or to access the host in all its feeding niches. this study evaluated the niche selection of hyssopus pallidus (askew), a larval parasitoid of cydia pomonella (linnaeus), at the plant level with the goal of assessing its potential for biological control on different fruit crops throughout the plant cycle. parasitoid behaviour during host location and ... | 2005 | 16197563 |
| new method for testing solar sensitivity of commercial formulations of the granulovirus of codling moth (cydia pomonella, tortricidae: lepidoptera). | a method for screening codling moth granulovirus (cpgv) formulation sensitivity to sunlight using specially prepared half apples and a solar simulator is described. the half apple preparation allows an even coverage of virus over the surface of the fruit that would not be possible using whole apples. leaves and artificial medium were not usable for extended periods of exposure in the solar simulator due to excess drying. fruit was sprayed with 10(-3) and 10(-5) dilutions of three commercial form ... | 2005 | 16216263 |
| incidence and transmission of a granulovirus in a large codling moth [cydia pomonella l. (lepidoptera: tortricidae)] rearing facility. | incidences of potential per os cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) transmission within a large codling moth colony were identified. cpgv was detected in the water which is used to wash egg sheets. when pre-neonates were extracted from eggs prior to emergence and tested for the presence of cpgv, 40% were found to carry amounts of cpgv detectable by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, suggesting possible transovarial transmission of the virus. although symptoms typical of virus infection and ... | 2005 | 16303132 |
| optimizing use of codling moth granulovirus: effects of application rate and spraying frequency on control of codling moth larvae in pacific northwest apple orchards. | new formulations of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), granulovirus (cpgv) [family baculoviridae, genus granulovirus] are commercially available in north america. in field tests on apple (malus sp. 'delicious'), we compared different application strategies for cpgv (cyd-x, certis usa, clovis, ca) used in full-season programs against high pest populations. in replicated single tree plots, three rates (0.073, 0.219, and 0.438 liter ha(-1)) and application intervals (7, 10, and 14 d) killed 81 ... | 2005 | 16334311 |
| role of neonicotinyl insecticides in washington apple integrated pest management. part ii. nontarget effects on integrated mite control. | the effect of neonicotinyl insecticides on integrated mite control in washington apple was examined from 0 in a series of 20 field trials (54 treatments) designed primarily to look at efficacy against the codling moth, cydia pomonella, nearly half of the treatments using four or more applications of acetamiprid had peak mite densities exceeding the economic threshold of 5 mites per leaf. overall, acetamiprid treatments had 4.6-fold higher mite densities than the standard organophosphate insectic ... | 2005 | 16341248 |
| acmnpv in permissive, semipermissive, and nonpermissive cell lines from arthropoda. | insect cell lines from arthropoda represented by lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, and homoptera were evaluated for their ability to support replication of acmnpv. in addition, some of the cell lines that were refractive to acmnpv were tested with acmnpv hsp70 red, a recombinant carrying the red fluorescent protein (rfp) gene, for their ability to express this protein after inoculation. of the 10 lepidopteran cell lines tested, only three cell lines from helicoverpa zea (bcirl-hz-am1), lymantria ... | 2005 | 16409117 |
| activity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins against codling moth (cydia pomonella l.) larvae. | solubilized protoxins of nine cry1 and one hybrid cry1 delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their activity against larvae of the codling moth (cydia pomonella l). cry1da was the most toxic, followed by cry1ab, cry1ba, and cry1ac, while cry1aa, cry1fa, cry1ia, and sn19 were still less active. cry1ca and cry1cb showed no activity. in vitro trypsin activation increased activity of all eight active delta-endotoxins, and dramatically enhanced toxicity of hybrid sn19, cry1aa, cr ... | 2006 | 16530218 |
| evaluation of spray-dried lignin-based formulations and adjuvants as solar protectants for the granulovirus of the codling moth, cydia pomonella (l). | commercial formulations of the codling moth, cydia pomonella l., granulovirus (cpgv) are limited by their short residual activity under orchard conditions in the pacific northwest. we evaluated spray-dried lignin-encapsulated formulations of cpgv for improved solar stability based on laboratory bioassays with a solar simulator and in field tests in an infested apple orchard. in laboratory tests, aqueous lignin formulations containing a high dosage of 3 x 10(10) occlusion bodies (ob)/l, with and ... | 2006 | 16774766 |
| field resistance of codling moth against cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) is autosomal and incompletely dominant inherited. | the current appearance of local codling moth populations with resistance to cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) is an impediment to continuous cpgv application. therefore, crossing experiments have been performed in order to gain information about the inheritance of resistance. evidence is presented that the observed field resistance is stably inherited even under non-selective conditions in the laboratory. offspring of reciprocal f(1) crosses between a susceptible ('s') and a resistant ('r') st ... | 2006 | 16908027 |
| molecular and phenotypic characterisation of bacillus thuringiensis isolated during epizootics in cydia pomonella l. | twelve bacillus thuringiensis strains were isolated from intestinal tracts of cydia pomonella larvae during epizootics in different laboratory insect culture lines. phenotypic and genetic similarity of these isolates, together with two cultured from leucoma salicis larvae and 14 reference b. thuringiensis strains were determined. the epizootic bacteria did not form a single group based on numerical analysis of biochemical properties. simple rapd method with only one primer does not allow estimat ... | 2007 | 17027023 |
| potential of mass trapping for long-term pest management and eradication of invasive species. | semiochemical-based pest management programs comprise three major approaches that are being used to provide environmentally friendly control methods of insect pests: mass trapping, "lure and kill," and mating disruption. in this article, we review the potential of mass trapping in long-term pest management as well as in the eradication of invasive species. we discuss similarities and differences between mass trapping and other two main approaches of semiochemical-based pest management programs. ... | 2006 | 17066782 |
| confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in peaches and nectarines using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments. | two high-temperature, forced air treatments under controlled atmosphere conditions, called catts for controlled atmosphere/temperature treatment system, were developed for control of all life stages of codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), and oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck), infesting peaches and nectarines (both prunus spp.). these treatments were used in efficacy and confirmation tests to kill > 5,000 fourth instar oriental fruit moths and > 30,000 fourth instar codling moths wi ... | 2006 | 17066790 |
| confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in apples using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments. | codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), and oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck), are serious pests of apples (malus spp.) grown in the united states and other countries. in countries where these species are not found, there are strict quarantine restrictions in place to prevent their accidental introduction. the treatment used in this study consisted of hot, forced, moist air with a linear heating rate of 12 degrees c/h to a final chamber temperature of 46 degrees c under a 1% oxygen and ... | 2006 | 17066791 |
| identification and functional analysis of the origins of dna replication in the cydia pomonella granulovirus genome. | the entire genome of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was systematically screened for origins of dna replication, using an infection-dependent dna replication assay in the granulovirus-permissive cydia pomonella cell line, cp14r. all seven cosmids in an overlapping library that covered the cpgv genome were found to replicate in the assay. a genomic library of 32 overlapping plasmids was subsequently screened. plasmids that replicated were in turn subcloned into 1-2 kbp overlapping fragments. ... | 2007 | 17412979 |
| evaluation of azinphos-methyl resistance and activity of detoxifying enzymes in codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) from central chile. | regular applications of insecticides have been the main management practice against codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in chile. organophosphates are the most widely used insecticides, and azinphos-methyl is an important element in spray programs. in particular, we evaluated diagnostic doses of azinphos-methyl on neonate and postdiapausing larvae from seven apple (malus spp.) orchards. we also evaluated the activity of detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione s-transfe ... | 2007 | 17461082 |
| functional characterization of chitinase from cydia pomonella granulovirus. | baculovirus chitinases (v-chias) play a crucial role in the terminal liquefaction of virus-infected larvae after death. although v-chias from nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) have been well characterized, little is known about v-chias from granuloviruses (gvs). we characterized the v-chia of cydia pomonella gv (cpgv) by constructing a recombinant bombyx mori npv (bmnpv) in which bmnpv v-chia was replaced by cpgv v-chia (103cpgv virus). cpgv v-chia encoded an approximately 70-kda chitinase with an e ... | 2007 | 17557135 |
| analysis of cry gene profiles in bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated during epizootics in cydia pomonella l. | the crystal morphology and the profiles of genes encoding protein toxins (cry and cyt) were analyzed in 12 bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated during epizootics in laboratory culture lines of cydia pomonella, 2 isolates cultured from leucoma salicis larvae, and 9 reference strains. epizootic isolates produced crystals of the same bipyramidal shape; however, they revealed a variety of number and type of cry genes. genes cry1i, cry2ab, and cry9b were the most frequently observed in epizootic s ... | 2007 | 17657530 |
| genetic architecture in codling moth populations: comparison between microsatellite and insecticide resistance markers. | the codling moth, cydia pomonella, is renowned for developing resistance to insecticides and causing significant economic damage to pome fruits worldwide. in spite of its economic importance, little is known about the patterns of movement of this pest and the effects of insecticide treatment on the population genetic structure. here, we investigated the genetic structure of the pest in 27 orchards from france, italy, armenia and chile at seven microsatellite loci and two resistance markers [bioc ... | 2007 | 17845430 |
| sprayable microencapsulated sex pheromone formulations for mating disruption of four tortricid species: effects of application height, rate, frequency, and sticker adjuvant. | several application parameters of microencapsulated (mec) sex pheromone formulations were manipulated to determine their impact on efficacy of disruption for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.); oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck); obliquebanded leafroller, choristoneura rosaceana (harris); and redbanded leafroller, argyrotaenia velutinana (walker). depending on the experiment, the formulations evaluated were those formerly manufactured by 3m canada (london, on, canada) or those that ... | 2007 | 17849890 |
| rapid emergence of baculovirus resistance in codling moth due to dominant, sex-linked inheritance. | insect-specific baculoviruses are increasingly used as biological control agents of lepidopteran pests in agriculture and forestry, and they have been previously regarded as robust to resistance development by the insects. however, in more than a dozen cases of field resistance of the codling moth cydia pomonella to commercially applied c. pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) in german orchards, resistance ratios exceed 1000. the rapid emergence of resistance is facilitated by sex-linkage and concentra ... | 2007 | 17901332 |
| laboratory trials to infect insects and nematodes by some acaropathogenic hirsutella strains (mycota: clavicipitaceous anamorphs). | laboratory assays have been carried out to artificially infect insect larvae of the birch bark-beetle (scolytus ratzeburgi jans.-coleoptera, scolytidae) and codling moth cydia pomonella l. -lepidoptera, tortricidae) as well as the potato cyst nematode-globodera rostochiensis wollenweber, sugar beet nematode-heterodera schachtii schmidt and root-knot nematode-meloidogyne hapla chif (nematoda, heteroderidae), by the phialoconidia of some fungal species of the genus hirsutella. from among four spec ... | 2008 | 17920621 |
| insecticidal resistance and cross-resistance in populations of cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in central europe. | insecticide bioassays were used to investigate resistance of cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) to insecticides with various types of active ingredients. the efficacy baselines of selected insect growth regulators (fenoxycarb), insect growth inhibitors (diflubenzuron and teflubenzuron), organophoshorous insecticides (phosalone), and neonicotinoids (thiacloprid) against the eggs and first and fifth instars of sensitive laboratory strains of codling moth were determined. according to ... | 2007 | 17972636 |
| efficacy of the pear ester as a monitoring tool for codling moth cydia pomonella (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in new zealand apple orchards. | the behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, cydia pomonella to the pear-derived kairomone (ethyl (2e,4z)-2,4-decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (e,e-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in new zealand apple orchards. a range of 0.01-10.0 mg of pheromone loading in rubber septum dispensers was tested and the highest catch of males was in traps baited with 1.0 mg. ... | 2008 | 18189264 |
| particle films for managing arthropod pests of apple. | a two-season study showed that a calendar-based spray program to manage arthropod pests with kaolin (60 g/liter) applied at the rate of 450 liters/ha was effective against european apple sawfly, hoplocampa testudinea (klug) (hymenoptera: tenthredinidae); white apple leafhopper, typhlocyba pomaria mcatee (homoptera: cicadellidae); apple red bug, lygidea mendax reuter (heteroptera: miridae); pear plant bug, lygocoris communis (knight) (heteroptera: miridae); and the apple rust mite, aculus schlech ... | 2008 | 18330129 |
| population genetic structure of codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) from apple orchards in central chile. | codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), is the main pest of pome fruits worldwide. despite its economic importance, little is known about the genetic structure and patterns of dispersal at the local and regional scale, which are important aspects for establishing a control strategy for this pest. an analysis of genetic variability using microsatellites was performed for 11 codling moth populations in the two major apple (malus domestica borkh) cropping regions in central c ... | 2008 | 18330135 |
| toxicological and biochemical response to azinphos-methyl in cydia pomonella l. (lepidoptera: tortricidae) among orchards from the argentinian patagonia. | azinphos-methyl is the main insecticide used to control codling moth on apple and pears in northern patagonia. the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological and biochemical response of diapausing larvae of codling moth in orchards subjected to different insecticide selection pressure. | 2008 | 18383563 |
| control of cydia pomonella l. and cydia molesta (busck) (lepidoptera tortricidae) in pome-fruit orchards with ecodian sex pheromone dispensers. | a mating disruption approach using high densities of pheromone dispensers, has been recently proposed for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), and oriental fruit moth, cydia molesta (busck.), (lepidoptera tortricidae), control. ecodian star dispensers, made of low-cost biodegradable material and easy to apply, were formulated with 10 mg of codlemone (e8,e10-12oh) and 10 mg of grapamone (z8-12oh) and placed at a rate of 1,400-2,000 dispensers/ha. the pheromone release rates from new and field aged ... | 2007 | 18399485 |
| open reading frame 193r of chilo iridescent virus encodes a functional inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). | programmed cell death or apoptosis is a major defense mechanism in insects in response to viral infections. the genome of chilo iridescent virus (civ) has three orfs with homology to baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) genes. the proteins encoded by the 157l, 193r, and 332l orfs contain 152, 208 and 234 amino acids, respectively. while all three proteins contain c-terminal ring domains, only the protein encoded by orf 193r contains a baculoviral iap repeat (bir) domain, indicative of a puta ... | 2008 | 18420249 |
| effect of temperature on long-term storage of codling moth granulovirus formulations. | codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), is the major pest of apple (malus spp.) in the western united states and many other regions of the world. the codling moth granulovirus (cpgv) provides a selective and safe means of its control. we assessed the long-term stability and storage potential of two commercial formulations of cpgv, cyd-x, and virosoft. all assays were performed with individual c. pomonella neonate larvae in 2-ml vials on 1 ml of artificial larval diet that was surface inoculated with ... | 2008 | 18459390 |
| overcoming the resistance of codling moth against conventional cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv-m) by a new isolate cpgv-i12. | recently, codling moth (cm, cydia pomonella l.) populations with a significantly reduced susceptibility to c. pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) products have been observed in germany. a novel cpgv isolate, designated cpgv-i12, is able to overcome the cpgv resistance. cpgv-i12 originated from iran and showed superior efficacy in laboratory bioassays against a resistant cm strain (cpr), which has a 100-fold reduced susceptibility to commercially used isolate cpgv-m. determination of the median lethal ... | 2008 | 18479703 |
| a bacmid approach to the genetic manipulation of granuloviruses. | a cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) bacmid has been constructed, which allows rapid and efficient production of recombinant baculoviruses in escherichia coli. an 8.6kbp bacterial dna cassette derived from the acmnpv bac-to-bac system was ligated into a unique paci restriction site within an intergenic region flanking the dna ligase gene of the cpgv genome. the cpgv bacmids produced in e. coli were transfected into a cpgv-permissive c. pomonella cell line and the transfected cells fed to larvae ... | 2008 | 18602169 |
| molecular phylogeny and population structure of the codling moth (cydia pomonella) in central europe: ii. aflp analysis reflects human-aided local adaptation of a global pest species. | originally resident in southeastern europe, the codling moth (cydia pomonella l.) (tortricidae) has achieved a nearly global distribution, being one of the most successful pest insect species known today. as shown in our accompanying study, mitochondrial genetic markers suggest a pleistocenic splitting of cydia pomonella into two refugial clades which came into secondary contact after de-glaciation. the actual distribution pattern shows, however, that central european codling moths have experien ... | 2008 | 18619861 |
| molecular phylogeny and population structure of the codling moth (cydia pomonella) in central europe: i. ancient clade splitting revealed by mitochondrial haplotype markers. | the codling moth (cydia pomonella l., tortricidae, lepidoptera) is an important pest of pome fruit with global distribution. it has adapted successfully to different habitats by forming various ecotypes and populations, often termed strains, which differ among each other in several morphological, developmental, and physiological features. many strains of cydia pomonella have developed resistance against a broad range of chemically different pesticides. obviously, pesticide-resistant strains must ... | 2008 | 18620870 |
| biochemical and biological variation of cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus. | cydia pomonella granulosis viruses (cpgv) from three different sources were compared biochemically and biologically. restriction enzyme profiles of a cpgv isolated in mexico and propagated for 9 years in a laboratory in darmstadt, germany (cpgv-md) were compared with those of the same isolate propagated for 9 years at a berkeley, california, laboratory (cpgv-mb). only one of six enzymatic digests revealed a difference in the dnas, which were subsequently calculated to be 99.94% homologous. no di ... | 1983 | 18644273 |
| solubilization, activation, and insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis serovar thompsoni hd542 crystal proteins. | cry15aa protein, produced by bacillus thuringiensis serovar thompsoni hd542 in a crystal together with a 40-kda accompanying protein, is one of a small group of nontypical, less well-studied members of the cry family of insecticidal proteins and may provide an alternative for the more commonly used cry proteins in insect pest management. in this paper, we describe the characterization of the cry15aa and 40-kda protein's biochemical and insecticidal properties and the mode of action. both protein ... | 2008 | 18836017 |
| quantitative relationships between different injury factors and development of brown rot caused by monilinia fructigena in integrated and organic apple orchards. | in a 4-year study, the incidence of various types of injuries (caused by insects, birds, growth cracks, mechanical wounding, and other, unidentified factors) was assessed in relation to brown rot development (caused by monilinia fructigena) on fruit of three apple cultivars (prima, jonathan, and mutsu) in integrated and organic blocks of two apple orchards in hungary. in addition, populations of male codling moths (cydia pomonella) were monitored with pheromone traps season-long in both manageme ... | 2008 | 18943241 |
| toxicity of emamectin benzoate to cydia pomonella (l.) and cydia molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae): laboratory and field tests. | emamectin benzoate is a novel macrocyclic lactone insecticide derived from naturally occurring avermectin molecules isolated by fermentation from the soil microorganism streptomyces avermitilis kim & goodfellow. the present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of emamectin benzoate to codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), and oriental fruit moth, c. molesta (busck), under laboratory and semi-field conditions. | 2009 | 19097022 |
| cydia pomonella granulovirus genotypes overcome virus resistance in the codling moth and improve virus efficiency by selection against resistant hosts. | cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) has been used for 15 years as a bioinsecticide in codling moth (cydia pomonella) control. in 2004, some insect populations with low susceptibility to the virus were detected for the first time in southeast france. rgv, a laboratory colony of codling moths resistant to the cpgv-m isolate used in the field, was established with collection of resistant insects in the field followed by an introgression of the resistant trait into a susceptible colony (sv). the res ... | 2009 | 19114533 |
| real-time pcr assay for detection of a new simulant for poxvirus biothreat agents. | research and financial efforts spent on biodefense technologies highlight the current concern for biothreat event preparedness. nonhazardous but relevant "simulant" microorganisms are typically used to simplify technological developments, testing, and staff training. the bacteriophage ms2, a small rna virus, is classically used as the reference simulant for biothreat viruses within the biodefense community. however, variola virus, considered a major threat, displays very different features (size ... | 2009 | 19168659 |
| diversity and evolution of the cydia pomonella granulovirus. | eight new field isolates of cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) originating in iran and georgia and one english cpgv isolate were analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) and by partial genome amplification and sequencing. according to the observed rflps, most of the predominant genotypes of these isolates could be assigned to those present in previously found isolates originating from mexico (cpgv-m), england (cpgv-e) and russia (cpgv-r). we suggest that these isolates sho ... | 2009 | 19218212 |
| efficacy and release rate of reservoir pheromone dispensers for simultaneous mating disruption of codling moth and oriental fruit moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | five formulations of controlled release, polyethylene tube dispensers of pheromone were evaluated during three field seasons for disruption of codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), and the oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae). evaluations were conducted in replicated 4-ha plots of commercial apple in michigan. disruption of both c. pomonella and g. molesta male orientation to pheromone traps in plots treated with a dual-species formu ... | 2009 | 19253651 |
| a laboratory evaluation to determine the compatibility of microbiological control agents with the pollinator bombus terrestris. | this study was undertaken to identify any potential adverse side effects of the use of seven microbiological control agents (mcas) on the bumblebee, bombus terrestris l., in the context of combined use in integrated pest management (ipm). aq10 (ampelomyces quisqualis), binab-t-vector (hypocrea parapilulifera + t. atroviride; 1/1), prestop-mix (gliocladium catenulatum j1446), serenade (bacillus subtilis qst713), trianum-p (trichoderma harzianum t22), botanigard (beauveria bassiana gha) and granup ... | 2009 | 19437453 |
| development and biological activity of a new antagonist of the pheromone of the codling moth cydia pomonella. | a new pheromone antagonist of the codling moth cydia pomonella is reported. presaturation of the antennae of the insects with vapors of the antagonist (e,e)-8,10-dodecadienyl trifluoromethyl ketone, analogue of the main component of the pheromone (codlemone), resulted in lower electrophysiological responses to the pheromone relative to untreated insects. in the wind tunnel, the compound elicited a remarkable disruptive effect on all types of behavior of males flying toward a source baited with a ... | 2009 | 19702270 |
| sex linkage of cpgv resistance in a heterogeneous field strain of the codling moth cydia pomonella (l.). | the occurrence of codling moth populations in european apple orchards that were not controlled by cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) is the first reported case of field resistance against a baculovirus control agent. a monogenic dominant sex-linked mode of inheritance was previously demonstrated in single-pair crosses between a homogeneous resistant (cprr1) and a susceptible (cps) laboratory strain of codling moth. however, resistant field populations (cpr) are more heterogeneous in their level ... | 2010 | 19836395 |
| population genetic structure of economically important tortricidae (lepidoptera) in south africa: a comparative analysis. | comparative studies of the population genetic structures of agricultural pests can elucidate the factors by which their population levels are affected, which is useful for designing pest management programs. this approach was used to provide insight into the six tortricidae of major economic importance in south africa. the population genetic structure of the carnation worm e. acerbella and the false codling moth t. leucotreta, analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis ... | 2010 | 19941674 |
| reliable and efficient discrimination of four internal fruit-feeding cydia and grapholita species (lepidoptera: tortricidae) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. | the fruit pests cydia pomonella (l.), grapholita molesta (busck), grapholita funebrana treitschke, and grapholita lobarzewskii nowicki (all lepidoptera: tortricidae) are sympatric in europe, and some of them are expanding their distribution range worldwide by continuous invasion into new areas. identification of the small larvae by morphological characters and damage symptoms is difficult, and many misidentifications among these tortricids of the tribe grapholitini are reported. in the current s ... | 2009 | 20069850 |
| artificial diets for larvae of anarsia lineatella zeller (lepidoptera: gelechiidae). | maintenance of an insect colony under laboratory conditions is prerequisite for its further study. however, numerous artificial diet formulas, such as dietary replacements or supplements, influence species growth and survivorship and display difficulties in utilization in laboratory settings. in this work, successful rearing in the laboratory is reported for the peach twig borer a. lineatella on artificial diet. the diet contains dry pindo beans (380 g), brewer's yeast (64 g) agar 31 g, 1360 ml ... | 2009 | 20222587 |
| molecular characterization and genetic organization of the bamhi-c fragment of clostera anachoreta granulovirus. | the bamhi-c restriction fragment of clangv genome was cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis indicated that this region contains five important baculovirus homologous genes (chitinase, cathepsin, gp37, p49 and odv-e18) and one orf unique to clangv genome. the genes, located within this restriction fragment, were compared with homologues in other baculoviruses. comparison results indicated that clangv, cydia pomonella gv and pieris rapae gv have similar arrangement and orientation of the homolog ... | 2010 | 20960043 |
| baculovirus resistance in codling moth (cydia pomonella l.) caused by early block of virus replication. | an up to 10,000-fold resistance against the biocontrol agent cydia pomonella granulovirus (cpgv) was observed in field populations of codling moth, c. pomonella, in europe. following different experimental approaches, a modified peritrophic membrane, a modified midgut receptor, or a change of the innate immune response could be excluded as possible resistance mechanisms. when cpgv replication was traced by quantitative pcr in different tissues of susceptible and resistant insects after oral and ... | 2010 | 21190707 |
| cross-amplification of microsatellites from the codling moth cydia pomonella to three other species of the tribe grapholitini (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | this study examined cross-species amplification of 33 microsatellite markers, previously developed for cydia pomonella, in three related fruit moth species of the same tribe (grapholitini), namely grapholita molesta, grapholita funebrana and grapholita lobarzewskii. eight microsatellite loci yielded polymorphic products for g. molesta, nine for g. funebrana and 11 for g. lobarzewskii. at all these loci, the number of alleles ranged between four and 11 in g. molesta, and between four and nine in ... | 2010 | 21565113 |