| a caps marker to assist selection of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) resistance in pepper. | the hypersensitive resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in pepper is determined by a single dominant gene (resistant allele: tsw) in several capsicum chinense genotypes. in order to facilitate the selection for this resistance, four rapd (among 250 10-mer primers tested) were found linked to the tsw locus using the bulked segregant analysis and 153 f2 individuals. a close rapd marker was converted into a codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (caps) using specific pcr primer ... | 2000 | 10701122 |
| ppi1: a novel pathogen-induced basic region-leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factor from pepper. | we have isolated a full-length cdna, ppi1 (pepper-pmmv interaction 1), encoding a novel basic region-leucine zipper (bzip) dna-binding protein, from expressed sequence tags differentially expressed in capsicum chinense p1257284 infected with pepper mild mottle virus (pmmv). ppi1 encodes a predicted protein of 170 amino acids and contains a putative dna-binding domain that shares significant amino acid identity with acgt-binding domains of members of the bzip dna-binding protein family. ppi1 was ... | 2002 | 12059102 |
| qtl mapping of anthracnose ( colletotrichum spp.) resistance in a cross between capsicum annuum and c. chinense. | anthracnose fruit rot is an economically important disease that affects pepper production in indonesia. strong resistance to two causal pathogens, colletotrichum gloeosporioides and c. capsici, was found in an accession of capsicum chinense. the inheritance of this resistance was studied in an f(2) population derived from a cross of this accession with an indonesian hot pepper variety ( capsicum annuum) using a quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping approach. in laboratory tests where ripe fruit ... | 2004 | 15309301 |
| antioxidants in hot pepper: variation among accessions. | the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) pepper (capsicum spp.) germplasm collection contains several thousand members or accessions. many of these species and cultivars have not been analyzed for their concentrations of ascorbic acid, capsaicin, and total phenolic compounds, which are important antioxidants having a number of benefits for human health. the objective of this investigation was to select candidate accessions of hot pepper having high concentrations of ascorbic acid, capsaicin, fr ... | 2006 | 16923603 |
| potato virus y cfh, a putative recombinant isolate from capsicum chinense cv. habanero. | ornamental plants of chili pepper, capsicum chinense cv. habanero, with symptoms of leaf mosaic, necrotic rings on fruits and necrotic stems were observed in june 2003 in a private garden in the province of naples (italy). preliminary serological characterisation allowed the association of these symptoms with infections by potato virus y (pvy). the virus was isolated on nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi and characterised by mechanical inoculation on herbaceous hosts and molecular characterisation of ... | 2006 | 17390887 |
| ectopic expression of a recessive resistance gene generates dominant potyvirus resistance in plants. | despite long-standing plant breeding investments and early successes in genetic engineering, plant viral pathogens still cause major losses in agriculture worldwide. early transgenic approaches involved the expression of pathogen-derived sequences that provided limited protection against relatively narrow ranges of viral pathotypes. in contrast, this study demonstrates that the ectopic expression of pvr1, a recessive gene from capsicum chinense, results in dominant broad-spectrum potyvirus resis ... | 2007 | 17511813 |
| growing hot pepper for cabbage looper, trichopulsia ni (hübner) and spider mite, tetranychus urticae (koch) control. | with the public perception that synthetic pesticides leave harmful residues in crop produce for human consumption, there has been increased interest in using natural products for pest control. the potential of using fruit extracts of hot pepper for controlling the cabbage looper, trichopulsia ni (hübner) and spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch is explored in this investigation. crude extracts from fruits of capsicum chinense, c. frutescens, c. baccatum, and c. annuum, were prepared and tested ... | 2007 | 17562464 |
| comparative efficiency of nannotrigona perilampoides, bombus impatiens (hymenoptera: apoidea), and mechanical vibration on fruit production of enclosed habanero pepper. | the native bee nannotrigona perilampoides cresson (apidae: meliponini) has been evaluated with promising results in greenhouse pollination of solanaceae in mexico. however, no comparison has been done with imported bumble bees (apidae: bombini), which are the most common bees used for greenhouse pollination. we compared the foraging activity and fruit production of habanero pepper. capsicum chinense jacquin, by using n. perilampoides and bombus impatiens cresson in pollination cages. both bee sp ... | 2008 | 18330127 |
| proteomic analysis of pathogenesis-related proteins (prs) induced by compatible and incompatible interactions of pepper mild mottle virus (pmmov) in capsicum chinense l3 plants. | resistance conferred by the l(3) gene is active against most of the tobamoviruses, including the spanish strain (pmmov-s), a p(1,2) pathotype, but not against certain strains of pepper mild mottle virus (pmmov), termed p(1,2,3) pathotype, such as the italian strain (pmmov-i). both viruses are nearly identical at their nucleotide sequence level (98%) and were used to challenge capsicum chinense pi159236 plants harbouring the l(3) gene in order to carry out a comparative proteomic analysis of pr p ... | 2008 | 18375936 |
| hot pepper (capsicum spp.) protects brain from sodium nitroprusside- and quinolinic acid-induced oxidative stress in vitro. | one practical way through which free radical-mediated neurodegenerative diseases could be prevented is through the consumption of food rich in antioxidants. the ability of aqueous extracts of ripe and unripe capsicum annum, tepin (cat) and capsicum chinese, habanero (cch) to prevent lipid peroxidation induced by sodium nitroprusside and quinolinic acid in rat brain in vitro is assessed in this study. the aqueous extract of the peppers were prepared (1 g/20 ml). incubating rat brain homogenates w ... | 2008 | 18598179 |
| the n protein of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is associated with the induction of programmed cell death (pcd) in capsicum chinense plants, a hypersensitive host to tswv infection. | in sweet pepper, the tsw gene, originally described in capsicum chinense, has been widely used as an efficient gene for inducing a hypersensitivity response (hr) derived tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) resistance. since previously reported studies suggested that the tswv-s rna mutation(s) are associated with the breakdown of tsw mediated tswv resistance in peppers, the tswv genes n (structural nucleocapsid protein) and ns(s) (non-structural silencing suppressor protein) were cloned into a potat ... | 2008 | 18722487 |
| characterization of a pathogenesis-related protein 4 (pr-4) induced in capsicum chinense l3 plants with dual rnase and dnase activities. | resistance conferred by the l(3) gene is active against most of the tobamoviruses, including the spanish strain (pmmov-s), a p(1),(2) pathotype, but not against certain strains of pepper mild mottle virus (pmmov), termed as p(1),(2),(3) pathotype, such as the italian strain (pmmov-i). pmmov-s induces a hypersensitive reaction (hr) in c. chinense pi159236 plant leaves with the formation of necrotic local lesions and restriction of the virus at the primary infection sites. in this paper, a c. chin ... | 2010 | 20511278 |
| naga chilli: a potential source of capsaicinoids with broad-spectrum ethnopharmacological applications. | capsicum species are not only cultivated as vegetable and condiment crops but are also incorporated into a number of medicinal preparations in the ancient literature around the world. 'naga chilli' or 'bhoot jolokia' (capsicum chinense jacq.) is a chilli variety indigenous to the northeast region of india and has been recognized as the hottest chilli in the world. it has also been used conventionally in treating various human ailments since time immemorial by the indigenous people of the northea ... | 2010 | 20728519 |
| identification and cloning of the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, of white shrimp, litopenaeus vannamei, and its expression following vibrio alginolyticus infection. | cdna encoding glutathione peroxidase (gpx) mrna of the white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei was obtained from haemocytes by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna (race) using oligonucleotide primers based on the gpx sequence of homo sapiens (nm002083), mus musculus (nm008160), arabidopsis thaliana (u94495), bos taurus (nm174770), and capsicum chinense (aj973135). the 727-bp cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 567 bp, a 101-bp 5'-untrans ... | 2007 | 17208011 |
| characterization of geminivirus resistance in an accession of capsicum chinense jacq. | pepper golden mosaic virus (pepgmv) and pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (phyvv), members of the geminiviridae family, are important pathogens of pepper (capsicum annuum l.) and other solanaceous crops. accession bg-3821 of c. chinense jacq. was reported earlier as resistant to mixed infection with pepgmv and phyvv. in this work, we characterized the geminivirus resistance trait present in bg-3821. segregation analysis suggested that resistance depends on two genes. our data showed that pepgmv ... | 2011 | 20923365 |
| defense response of a pepper cultivar cv. sy-2 is induced at temperatures below 24°c. | temperature is one of the most important environmental factors that influence plant growth and development. recent studies imply that plants show various responses to non-extreme ambient temperatures. previously, we have found that a pepper cultivar cv. sy-2 (capsicum chinense) shows developmental defects at temperatures below 24°c. in this study, to gain new insights into the temperature sensitivity of cv. sy-2, temperature-sensitive genes were screened using microarray techniques. at restricti ... | 2011 | 21424609 |
| the two faces of capsaicin. | capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the principal pungent component in hot peppers, including red chili peppers, jalapeños, and habaneros. consumed worldwide, capsaicin has a long and convoluted history of controversy about whether its consumption or topical application is entirely safe. conflicting epidemiologic data and basic research study results suggest that capsaicin can act as a carcinogen or as a cancer preventive agent. capsaicin is unique among naturally occurring irr ... | 2011 | 21487045 |
| tomato chlorotic leaf distortion virus, a new bipartite begomovirus infecting solanum lycopersicum and capsicum chinense in venezuela. | virus isolate t217l was obtained from a diseased tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plant showing leaf deformation and chlorotic mottle symptoms near maracaibo in the state of zulia, venezuela. full-length dna-a and dna-b molecules of t217l were cloned and sequenced. the genome organization of t217l was identical to the bipartite genomes of other begomoviruses described from the americas. characteristic disease symptoms were reproduced in s. lycopersicum and capsicum annum plants inoculated using the ... | 2011 | 21853328 |
| a germin-like protein gene (cchglp) of capsicum chinense jacq. is induced during incompatible interactions and displays mn-superoxide dismutase activity. | a germin-like gene (cchglp) cloned from geminivirus-resistant pepper (capsicum chinense jacq. line bg-3821) was characterized and the enzymatic activity of the expressed protein analyzed. the predicted protein consists of 203 amino acids, similar to other germin-like proteins. a highly conserved cupin domain and typical germin boxes, one of them containing three histidines and one glutamate, are also present in cchglp. a signal peptide was predicted in the first 18 n-terminal amino acids, as wel ... | 2011 | 22174599 |
| inhibitory effects of black pepper (piper nigrum) extracts and compounds on human tumor cell proliferation, cyclooxygenase enzymes, lipid peroxidation and nuclear transcription factor-kappa-b. | black pepper (piper nigrum) and hot pepper (capsicum spp.) are widely used in traditional medicines. although hot capsicum spp. extracts and its active principles, capsaicinoids, have been linked with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, whether black pepper and its active principle exhibit similar activities is not known. in this study, we have evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of extracts and compounds from black pepper by using proinflammatory tran ... | 2010 | 20839630 |
| screening capsicum chinense fruits for heavy metals bioaccumulation. | elevated concentrations of heavy metals in edible plants could expose consumers to excessive levels of potentially hazardous chemicals. sixty-three accessions (genotypes) of capsicum chinense jacq, collected from 8 countries of origin were grown in a silty-loam soil under field conditions. at maturity, fruits were collected and analyzed for seven heavy metals (cd, cr, ni, pb, zn, cu, and mo) concentrations. the main objectives of this investigation were: 1) to determine the concentrations of sev ... | 2010 | 20635296 |
| characterization of 12 capsicum varieties by evaluation of their carotenoid profile and pungency determination. | in this research 12 different varieties of capsicum cultivars belonging to three species (capsicum chinense, capsicum annuum, capsicum frutescens) and of various colour, shape, and dimension have been characterised by their carotenoids and capsaicinoids content. the berries were cultivated in the region emilia-romagna, in northern italy. the native carotenoid composition was directly investigated by an hplc-dad-apci-ms methodology, for the first time. in total, 52 carotenoids have been identifie ... | 2012 | 23692768 |
| whole-genome sequencing and annotation of bacillus safensis rit372 and pseudomonas oryzihabitans rit370 from capsicum annuum (bird's eye chili) and capsicum chinense (yellow lantern chili), respectively. | here, we report the genome sequences of bacillus safensis rit372 and pseudomonas oryzihabitans rit370 from capsicum spp. annotation revealed gene clusters for the synthesis of bacilysin, lichensin, and bacillibactin and sporulation killing factor (skfa) in bacillus safensis rit372 and turnerbactin and carotenoid in pseudomonas oryzihabitans rit370. | 2015 | 25883290 |
| isolation, characterization and antifungal activity of proteinase inhibitors from capsicum chinense jacq. seeds. | capsicum species belong to the solanaceae family and have great social, economic and agronomical significance. the present research presents data on the isolation and characterization of capsicum chinense jacq. peptides which were scrutinized in relation to their toxicity towards a diverse set of yeast species. the protein extract was separated with c18 reverse-phase chromatography in high performance liquid chromatography, resulting in three different peptide enriched fractions (pefs) termed pe ... | 2013 | 23117889 |
| biocatalytic potential of vanillin aminotransferase from capsicum chinense. | the conversion of vanillin to vanillylamine is a key step in the biosynthetic route towards capsaicinoids in pungent cultivars of capsicum sp. the reaction has previously been annotated to be catalysed by pamt (putative aminotransferase; [genbank: aac78480.1, swiss-prot: o82521]), however, the enzyme has previously not been biochemically characterised in vitro. | 2014 | 24712445 |
| improvement of whole-cell transamination with saccharomyces cerevisiae using metabolic engineering and cell pre-adaptation. | whole-cell biocatalysis based on metabolically active baker's yeast with engineered transamination activity can be used to generate molecules carrying a chiral amine moiety. a prerequisite is though to express efficient ω-transaminases and to reach sufficient intracellular precursor levels. | 2017 | 28049528 |
| a simplified approach to construct infectious cdna clones of a tobamovirus in a binary vector. | infectious cdna clones of rna viruses are important tools to study molecular processes such as replication and host-virus interactions. however, the cloning steps necessary for construction of cdnas of viral rna genomes in binary vectors are generally laborious. in this study, a simplified method of producing an agro-infectious pepper mild mottle virus (pmmov) clone is described in detail. initially, the complete genome of pmmov was amplified by a single-step rt-pcr, cloned, and subcloned into a ... | 2014 | 24388933 |
| first report of chilli veinal mottle virus in naga chilli (capsicum chinense) in meghalaya, india. | the present study confirms the occurrence of chilli veinal mottle virus (chivmv) under the genus potyvirus in naga chilli (capsicum chinense) in meghalaya based on mechanical transmission assay, transmission electron microscopy, rt-pcr and sequence analysis. this is the first record of chivmv in naga chilli in north-east india. | 2014 | 24426324 |
| virulence of meloidogyne incognita to expression of n gene in pepper. | four pepper genotypes classified as resistant and four pepper genotypes classified as susceptible to several avirulent populations of m. incognita were compared for their reactions against a population of meloidogyne incognita (chitwood) kofoid and white which had been shown to be virulent to resistant bell pepper (capsicum annuum) in preliminary tests. the virulent population of m. incognita originated from a commercial bell pepper field in california. the resistant pepper genotypes used in all ... | 2011 | 22791917 |
| synergistic interaction among begomoviruses leads to the suppression of host defense-related gene expression and breakdown of resistance in chilli. | chilli (capsicum sp.) is one of the economically important spice and vegetable crops grown in india and suffers great losses due to the infection of begomoviruses. conventional breeding approaches have resulted in development of a few cultivars of chilli resistant to begomoviruses. a severe leaf curl disease was observed on one such resistant chilli cultivar (capsicum annuum cv. kalyanpur chanchal) grown in the experimental field of the jawaharlal nehru university, new delhi. four different vira ... | 2016 | 26780359 |
| a single amino acid in the helicase domain of pmmov-s is responsible for its enhanced accumulation in c. chinense (l(3)l(3)) plants at 32°c. | in capsicum chinense (l(3)l(3)) plants a higher accumulation of the tobamovirus pepper mild mottle virus strain s (pmmov-s) as compared to the italian strain pmmov-i is detected when plants are grown at 32°c. by using a reverse genetic approach, we have established that a single amino acid at position 898 in the helicase domain of the polymerase protein, outside of the conserved regions of the helicase, is critical for the higher accumulation of pmmov-s observed. it also is necessary for both in ... | 2012 | 22377122 |
| digestion of chrysanthemum stunt viroid by leaf extracts of capsicum chinense indicates strong rna-digesting activity. | csvd could not infect nicotiana benthamiana when the plants were pretreated with crude leaf extract of capsicum chinense 'sy-2'. c. chinense leaves were revealed to contain strong rna-digesting activity. several studies have identified active antiviral and antiviroid agents in plants. capsicum plants are known to contain antiviral agents, but the mechanism of their activity has not been determined. we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of capsicum extract's antiviroid activity. chrysanthemum stunt ... | 2016 | 27053224 |
| heat stability of resistance to meloidogyne incognita in scotch bonnet peppers ( capsicum chinense jacq.). | stability of resistance to meloidogyne incognita (kofoid &white) chitwood was determined in pepper (capsicum chinense jacq. and c. annuum l.) at 24, 28, and 32 degrees c. reactions of the c. annuum cultivars charleston belle and keystone resistant giant and the c. chinense cultigens pa-426 and pa-350 to m. incognita were compared. charleston belle is homozygous for the n gene that confers resistance to m. incognita in c. annuum, and keystone resistant giant is the susceptible recurrent parent of ... | 2000 | 19270989 |
| production and multiplication of native compost fungal activator by using different substrates and its influence on growth and development of capsicum chinensis jacq. "bhut jolokia". | in vitro experiment was carried out to see the effect of saw dusts of pinus kesiya, shorea robusta, and callicarpa arborea on trichoderma harzianum, isolate th-13 mass production, along with its biotization effect on capsicum chinensis jacq. "bhut jolokia." early mycelium initiation (2 days) occurred in s. robusta followed by p. kesiya and c. arborea (3.5 days). the sporulation was observed earlier in s. robusta (100% after 6 days) than p. kesiya (33.4% after 8 days) and c. arborea (16.7% after ... | 2015 | 25632354 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of a na(+)-insensitive k(+) transporter of capsicum chinense jacq. | high-affinity k(+) (hak) transporters are encoded by a large family of genes and are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. these hak-type transporters participate in low- and high-affinity potassium (k(+)) uptake and are crucial for the maintenance of k(+) homeostasis under hostile conditions. in this study, the full-length cdna of cchak1 gene was isolated from roots of the habanero pepper (capsicum chinense). cchak1 expression was positively regulated by k(+) starvation in roots and was not inhibite ... | 2016 | 28083010 |
| biochemical characterization and immunolocalization studies of a capsicum chinense jacq. protein fraction containing ding proteins and anti-microbial activity. | the ding protein family consists of proteins of great biological importance due to their ability to inhibit carcinogenic cell growth. a ding peptide with mr ∼7.57 kda and pi ∼5.06 was detected in g10p1.7.57, a protein fraction from capsicum chinense jacq. seeds. amino acid sequencing of the peptide produced three smaller peptides showing identity to the ding protein family. g10p1.7.57 displayed a phosphatase activity capable of dephosphorylating different phosphorylated substrates and inhibited ... | 2016 | 27835848 |
| allelic relationships between genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in capsicum chinense. | pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) has been reported to be an important reservoir of resistance genes to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). the genes for tswv resistance present in three c. chinense lines ('pi 152225', 'pi 159236' and 'panca') were investigated for allelism. all resistant lines were crossed with each other. parents, f1, backcrosses and f2 populations (including reciprocals) developed from those crosses were mechanically inoculated with a highly virulent tswv isolate. susceptible c. ... | 1995 | 24173797 |
| fungicidal and cytotoxic activity of a capsicum chinense defensin expressed by endothelial cells. | plant defensins are antimicrobial peptides that exhibit mainly antifungal activity against a broad range of plant fungal pathogens. however, their actions against candida albicans have not been extensively studied. the mrna for gamma-thionin, a defensin from capsicum chinense, has been expressed in bovine endothelial cells. the conditioned medium of these cells showed antifungal activity on germ tube formation (60-70% of inhibition) and on the viability of c. albicans (70-80% of inhibition). add ... | 2006 | 16794772 |
| increased availability of nadh in metabolically engineered baker's yeast improves transaminase-oxidoreductase coupled asymmetric whole-cell bioconversion. | saccharomyces cerevisiae can be engineered to perform a multitude of different chemical reactions that are not programmed in its original genetic code. it has a large potential to function as whole-cell biocatalyst for one-pot multistep synthesis of various organic molecules, and it may thus serve as a powerful alternative or complement to traditional organic synthetic routes for new chemical entities (nces). however, although the selectivity in many cases is high, the catalytic activity is ofte ... | 2016 | 26879378 |
| in vitro assessment of plants growing in cuba belonging to solanaceae family against leishmania amazonensis. | in this study, an in vitro antileishmanial assessment of plant extracts from 12 genera and 46 species growing in cuba belonging to solanaceae family was performed. a total of 226 extracts were screened against promastigotes of leishmania amazonensis, and cytotoxicity of active extracts [median inhibitory concentration (ic50 ) promastigotes <100 µg/ml] was determined on peritoneal macrophage from balb/c mice. extracts that showed selective index >5 were then assayed against intracellular amastigo ... | 2016 | 27480800 |
| engineered baker's yeast as whole-cell biocatalyst for one-pot stereo-selective conversion of amines to alcohols. | one-pot multi-step biocatalysis is advantageous over step-by-step synthesis as it reduces the number of process operation units, leading to significant process intensification. whole-cell biocatalysis with metabolically active cells is especially valuable since all enzymes can be co-expressed in the cell whose metabolism can be exploited for supply of co-substrates and co-factors. | 2014 | 25266107 |
| divergent evolution of multiple virus-resistance genes from a progenitor in capsicum spp. | plants have evolved hundreds of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich domain proteins (nlrs) as potential intracellular immune receptors, but the evolutionary mechanism leading to the ability to recognize specific pathogen effectors is elusive. here, we cloned pvr4 (a potyvirus resistance gene in capsicum annuum) and tsw (a tomato spotted wilt virus resistance gene in capsicum chinense) via a genome-based approach using independent segregating populations. the genes both encode typical nlrs and ar ... | 2017 | 27612097 |
| effect of spent mushroom compost of pleurotus pulmonarius on growth performance of four nigerian vegetables. | spent mushroom compost (smc) of pleurotus pulmonarius (an edible fungus) was used as soil conditioner for the improvement of growth of four common nigerian vegetables (abelmoschus esculentus, lycopersicum esculentum, capsicum annum and capsicum chinense). the results of these investigations showed that the vegetables responded well to the smc treatment. each of them attained its best growth and gave the highest number of flowers and fruits when planted on 6 kg of depleted garden soil supplemente ... | 2011 | 22783098 |
| characterization of some indian himalayan capsicums through floral morphology and ema-based chromosome analysis. | the north eastern himalayan (neh) regions of india are considered as one of the major repositories of the "capsicum annuum complex" which comprises of three cultivated species namely c. annuum, c. frutescens, and c. chinense. the interspecific delimitation within this large complex is ill-defined due to poorly developed crossing barriers and lack of discontinuous morphological characters. the present study elucidates the relationship among nine different cultivars of three capsicum species on th ... | 2017 | 27447699 |
| defensin γ-thionin from capsicum chinense has immunomodulatory effects on bovine mammary epithelial cells during staphylococcus aureus internalization. | β-defensins are members of the antimicrobial peptide superfamily that are produced in various species from different kingdoms, including plants. plant defensins exhibit primarily antifungal activities, unlike those from animals that exhibit a broad-spectrum antimicrobial action. recently, immunomodulatory roles of mammal β-defensins have been observed to regulate inflammation and activate the immune system. similar roles for plant β-defensins remain unknown. in addition, the regulation of the im ... | 2016 | 26939717 |
| synergistic complex from plants solanaceae exhibits cytotoxicity for the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line hepg2. | it had been demonstrated that sugars from various plants can act as potent agents, which induce apoptosis of cancer cells. | 2016 | 27756283 |
| exploiting cell metabolism for biocatalytic whole-cell transamination by recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the potential of saccharomyces cerevisiae for biocatalytic whole-cell transamination was investigated using the kinetic resolution of racemic 1-phenylethylamine (1-pea) to (r)-1-pea as a model reaction. as native yeast do not possess any ω-transaminase activity for the reaction, a recombinant yeast biocatalyst was constructed by overexpressing the gene coding for vanillin aminotransferase from capsicum chinense. the yeast-based biocatalyst could use glucose as the sole co-substrate for the suppl ... | 2014 | 24557569 |
| some rootstocks improve pepper tolerance to mild salinity through ionic regulation. | grafting has been proposed as an interesting strategy that improves the responses of crops under salinity. in pepper, we reported increased fruit yield of the commercial 'adige' cultivar under salinity when grafted onto accessions capsicum chinense jacq. 'ecu-973' (12) and capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum 'bol-58' (14), whereas no effect was observed when grafted onto accession capsicum annuum l var. 'serrano' (5). we also analysed the physiological and biochemical mechanisms related to the to ... | 2015 | 25480004 |
| water extractable phytochemicals from peppers (capsicum spp.) inhibit acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities and prooxidants induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro. | background. this study sought to investigate antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts of two pepper varieties (capsicum annuum var. accuminatum (sm) and capsicum chinense (ro)) and their inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities. methods. the antioxidant capacity of the peppers was evaluated by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (abts) radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant property. the inhibition of prooxidant ind ... | 2014 | 26904640 |
| compositional characterization of native peruvian chili peppers (capsicum spp.). | the national capsicum germplasm bank of peru at inia holds a unique collection of more than 700 capsicum accessions, including many landraces. these conserved accessions have never been thoroughly characterized or evaluated. another smaller collection exists at unalm, and cidra provided taxonomically characterized fruits from the amazon region of ucayali. of these collections, 147 accessions have been selected to represent the biodiversity of peruvian capsicum annuum , capsicum baccatum , capsic ... | 2013 | 23410113 |
| systemic induction of a capsicum chinense nitrate reductase by the infection with phytophthora capsici and defence phytohormones. | the mrna differential display technique was used to identify genes from habanero pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) seedlings whose expression is modified systemically by infection with the oomycete phytophthora capsici l. experiments with different oligonucleotide primer combinations revealed that no single gene was synthesised de novo. instead, the quantitative accumulation of multiple transcripts was found. from these transcripts, levels of a nitrate reductase (capsicum chinense nitrate reducta ... | 2011 | 21632256 |
| genetic mapping of semi-polar metabolites in pepper fruits (capsicum sp.): towards unravelling the molecular regulation of flavonoid quantitative trait loci. | untargeted lcms profiling of semi-polar metabolites followed by metabolite quantitative trait locus (mqtl) analysis was performed in ripe pepper fruits of 113 f2 plants derived from a cross between capsicum annuum ac1979 (no. 19) and capsicum chinense no. 4661 selection (no. 18). the parental accessions were selected based on their variation in fruit morphological characteristics and fruit content of some target phytonutrients. clear segregation of fruit colour and fruit metabolite profiles was ... | 2014 | 24532977 |
| genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in capsicum species. | hot pepper (capsicum annuum), one of the oldest domesticated crops in the americas, is the most widely grown spice crop in the world. we report whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the hot pepper (mexican landrace of capsicum annuum cv. cm334) at 186.6× coverage. we also report resequencing of two cultivated peppers and de novo sequencing of the wild species capsicum chinense. the genome size of the hot pepper was approximately fourfold larger than that of its close relative tomato, and the g ... | 2014 | 24441736 |
| genetic diversity in capsicum germplasm based on microsatellite and random amplified microsatellite polymorphism markers. | a sound knowledge of the genetic diversity among germplasm is vital for strategic germplasm collection, maintenance, conservation and utilisation. genomic simple sequence repeats (ssrs) and random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (rampo) markers were used to analyse diversity and relationships among 48 pepper (capsicum spp.) genotypes originating from nine countries. these genotypes covered 4 species including 13 germplasm accessions, 30 improved lines of 4 domesticated species and 5 landra ... | 2013 | 24431527 |
| capsaicinoids in the hottest pepper bhut jolokia and its antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. | hot peppers are known for medicinally important capsaicinoids. bhut jolokia, capsicum chinense/capsicum frutescens, is the hottest pepper in the world. however, its bioactivity and quantity of heat principles are not reported. we have now quantified capsaicin (c) and dihydrocapsaicin (dhc) in bhut jolokia and compared it with commonly consumed hot peppers, jalapeno (capsicum annuum) and scotch bonnet (capsicum chinense). the concentration of c and dhc in bhut jolokia was 5.36%, which is about 33 ... | 2010 | 20184029 |
| contrasting modes for loss of pungency between cultivated and wild species of capsicum. | studies documenting the inheritance of pungency or 'heat' in pepper (capsicum spp.) have revealed that mutations at a single locus, pun1, are responsible for loss of pungency in cultivars of the two closely related species capsicum annuum and capsicum chinense. in this study, we present the identification of an unreported null allele of pun1 from a non-pungent accession of capsicum frutescens, the third species in the annuum-chinense-frutescens complex of domesticated capsicums. the loss of pung ... | 2010 | 19812612 |
| construction of an integrated pepper map using rflp, ssr, caps, aflp, wrky, rramp, and bac end sequences. | map-based cloning to find genes of interest, markerassisted selection (mas), and marker-assisted breeding (mab) all require good genetic maps with high reproducible markers. for map construction as well as chromosome assignment, development of single copy pcr-based markers and map integration process are necessary. in this study, the 132 markers (57 sts from bac-end sequences, 13 sts from rflp, and 62 ssr) were newly developed as single copy type pcr-based markers. they were used together with 1 ... | 2009 | 19214431 |
| fine mapping and dna fiber fish analysis locates the tobamovirus resistance gene l3 of capsicum chinense in a 400-kb region of r-like genes cluster embedded in highly repetitive sequences. | the tobamovirus resistance gene l(3) of capsicum chinense was mapped using an intra-specific f2 population (2,016 individuals) of capsicum annuum cultivars, into one of which had been introduced the c. chinense l(3) gene, and an inter-specific f2 population (3,391 individuals) between c. chinense and capsicum frutescence. analysis of a bac library with an aflp marker closely linked to l(3)-resistance revealed the presence of homologs of the tomato disease resistance gene i2. partial or full-leng ... | 2008 | 18663424 |
| chili pepper fruits: presumed precursors of fatty acids characteristic for capsaicinoids. | capsaicin is a molecule unique to fruits from the genus capsicum. it is responsible for the pungent sensation and displays valuable pharmacological properties. despite the fruits' economic importance and decades of research, the regulation of the content of capsaicinoids in individual fruits is not completely elucidated, and no agricultural cultivation of chili of defined pungency is assured. precursor candidates of the fatty acid moiety of the capsaicinoids, especially for the unique 8-methyl- ... | 2008 | 18489121 |
| exploitation of pepper est-ssrs and an ssr-based linkage map. | as genome and cdna sequencing projects progress, a tremendous amount of sequence information is becoming publicly available. these sequence resources can be exploited for gene discovery and marker development. simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are among the most useful because of their great variability, abundance, and ease of analysis. by in silico analysis of 10,232 non-redundant expressed sequence tags (ests) in pepper as a source of ssr markers, 1,201 ssrs were found, corresponding to one ... | 2006 | 17047912 |
| purification and structure determination of glucosides of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin from various capsicum fruits. | two new glucosides, capsaicin-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1) and dihydrocapsaicin-beta-d-glucopyranoside (2), were discovered in the fruit of the capsicum annuum cultivar 'high heat'. they were sequentially purified by acetone extraction, n-hexane extraction, and acetonitrile extraction, followed by medium-pressure liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography performed on an octadecylsilane column. their chemical structures were elucidated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, ca ... | 2006 | 16881699 |
| host use of bactrocera latifrons, a new invasive tephritid species in tanzania. | bactrocera latifrons (hendel) is a pest of asian origin, first detected in africa in 2006. we assessed the host utilization of this quarantine pest in morogoro region, eastern central tanzania, by collecting a wide range of cultivated and wild host plants of species belonging to solanaceae and cucurbitaceae from april 2007 to april 2008. fruit were collected from 29 plant species and varieties (16 solanaceae and 13 cucurbitaceae) in all agroecological zones of morogoro region. twelve solanaceous ... | 2010 | 20214370 |
| metabolite biodiversity in pepper (capsicum) fruits of thirty-two diverse accessions: variation in health-related compounds and implications for breeding. | a comprehensive study on morphology and biochemical compounds of 32 capsicum spp. accessions has been performed. accessions represented four pepper species, capsicum annuum, capsicum frutescens, capsicum chinense and capsicum baccatum which were selected by their variation in morphological characters such as fruit color, pungency and origin. major metabolites in fruits of pepper, carotenoids, capsaicinoids (pungency), flavonoid glycosides, and vitamins c and e were analyzed and quantified by hig ... | 2011 | 21514607 |
| novel loss-of-function putative aminotransferase alleles cause biosynthesis of capsinoids, nonpungent capsaicinoid analogues, in mildly pungent chili peppers (capsicum chinense). | capsinoids are a group of nonpungent capsaicinoid analogues produced in capsicum fruits. they have similar bioactivities to capsaicinoids such as suppression of fat accumulation and antioxidant activity. they are more palatable ingredients in dietary supplements than capsaicinoids because of their low pungency. previous studies on nonpungent capsicum annuum cultivars showed that capsinoid biosynthesis is caused by loss-of-function putative aminotransferase (p-amt) alleles. this study showed that ... | 2010 | 20973559 |
| candidate gene analysis of organ pigmentation loci in the solanaceae. | ten structural genes from the capsicum (pepper) carotenoid biosynthetic pathway have been localized on a (capsicum annuum x capsicum chinense)f(2) genetic map anchored in lycopersicon (tomato). the positions of these genes were compared with positions of the same genes in tomato when known, and with loci from pepper, potato, and tomato that affect carotenoid levels in different tissues. c2, one of three phenotypically defined loci determining pepper fruit color, cosegregated with phytoene syntha ... | 2000 | 11027328 |
| fs3.1: a major fruit shape qtl conserved in capsicum. | fs3.1 is a major fruit shape (defined as the ratio of fruit length to fruit width) quantitative trait locus (qtl) originally detected in an intraspecific cross of capsicum annuum between the blocky and elongated-fruited inbreds 'maor' and 'perennial', respectively. in addition to increasing fruit shape index, the 'perennial' allele at fs3.1 increased fruit elongation and decreased fruit width and pericarp thickness. we verified the effect of fs3.1 in backcross inbred lines (bils) derived from cr ... | 2003 | 12669791 |
| linkage of the a locus for the presence of anthocyanin and fs10.1, a major fruit-shape qtl in pepper. | the purple color of the foliage, flower and immature fruit of pepper ( capsicum spp.) is a result of the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments in these tissues. the expression of anthocyanins is controlled by the incompletely dominant gene a. we have mapped a to pepper chromosome 10 in a capsicum annuum (5226) x capsicum chinense (pi 159234) f(2) population to a genomic region that also controls anthocyanin expression in two other solanaceous species, tomato and potato, suggesting that variation ... | 2003 | 12647064 |
| an efficient immunodetection method for histone modifications in plants. | epigenetic mechanisms can be highly dynamic, but the cross-talk among them and with the genome is still poorly understood. many of these mechanisms work at different places in the cell and at different times of organism development. covalent histone modifications are one of the most complex and studied epigenetic mechanisms involved in cellular reprogramming and development in plants. therefore, the knowledge of the spatial distribution of histone methylation in different tissues is important to ... | 2013 | 24341414 |
| fruit cuticle lipid composition and fruit post-harvest water loss in an advanced backcross generation of pepper (capsicum sp.). | to understand the role of fruit cuticle lipid composition in fruit water loss, an advanced backcross population, the bc(2)f(2) , was created between the capsicum annuum (pi1154) and the capsicum chinense (usda162), which have high and low post-harvest water loss rates, respectively. besides dramatic differences in fruit water loss, preliminary studies also revealed that these parents exhibited significant differences in both the amount and composition of their fruit cuticle. cuticle analysis of ... | 2012 | 22309400 |
| topical analgesic nanolipid vesicles formulation of capsaicinoids extract of bhut jolokia (capsicum chinense jacq): pharmacodynamic evaluation in rat models and acceptability studies in human volunteers. | capsicum fruit is used for treating skeletomuscular disorders as a counterirritant analgesic around the globe. but its concentration-dependent irritation and concomitant withdrawal of therapy by the patients hampers its therapeutic usefulness. in the present study, a novel nanolipid approach based on elastic phospholipid vesicles was employed to encapsulate a semipurified extract of bhut jolokia for topical drug delivery application. the working hypothesis was that encapsulation of irritant extr ... | 2016 | 27306849 |
| fine mapping and identification of candidate genes for the sy-2 locus in a temperature-sensitive chili pepper (capsicum chinense). | the sy - 2 temperature-sensitive gene from capsicum chinense was fine mapped to a 138.8-kb region at the distal portion of pepper chromosome 1. based on expression analyses, two putative f-box genes were identified as sy - 2 candidate genes. seychelles-2 ('sy-2') is a temperature-sensitive natural mutant of capsicum chinense, which exhibits an abnormal leaf phenotype when grown at temperatures below 24 °c. we previously showed that the sy-2 phenotype is controlled by a single recessive gene, sy- ... | 2016 | 27147070 |
| tof-sims imaging of capsaicinoids in scotch bonnet peppers (capsicum chinense). | peppers (capsicum spp.) are well known for their ability to cause an intense burning sensation when eaten. this organoleptic response is triggered by capsaicin and its analogs, collectively called capsaicinoids. in addition to the global popularity of peppers as a spice, there is a growing interest in the use of capsaicinoids to treat a variety of human ailments, including arthritis, chronic pain, digestive problems, and cancer. the cellular localization of capsaicinoid biosynthesis and accumula ... | 2016 | 27075215 |
| genetic diversity and molecular evolution of naga king chili inferred from internal transcribed spacer sequence of nuclear ribosomal dna. | sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (its1-5.8s-its2) of nuclear ribosomal dnas were explored to study the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of naga king chili. our study indicated the occurrence of nucleotide polymorphism and haplotypic diversity in the its regions. the present study demonstrated that the variability of its1 with respect to nucleotide diversity and sequence polymorphism exceeded that of its2. sequence analysis of 5.8s gene revealed a much conserved region in all ... | 2016 | 26862481 |
| silencing of a germin-like protein gene (cchglp) in geminivirus-resistant pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) bg-3821 increases susceptibility to single and mixed infections by geminiviruses phyvv and pepgmv. | germin-like proteins (glps) are encoded by a family of genes found in all plants, and in terms of function, the glps are implicated in the response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. cchglp is a gene encoding a glp identified in a geminivirus-resistant capsicum chinense jacq accession named bg-3821, and it is important in geminivirus resistance when transferred to susceptible tobacco in transgenic experiments. to characterize the role of this glp in geminivirus resistance in the original ... | 2015 | 26703712 |
| silencing of a germin-like protein gene (cchglp) in geminivirus-resistant pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) bg-3821 increases susceptibility to single and mixed infections by geminiviruses phyvv and pepgmv. | germin-like proteins (glps) are encoded by a family of genes found in all plants, and in terms of function, the glps are implicated in the response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. cchglp is a gene encoding a glp identified in a geminivirus-resistant capsicum chinense jacq accession named bg-3821, and it is important in geminivirus resistance when transferred to susceptible tobacco in transgenic experiments. to characterize the role of this glp in geminivirus resistance in the original ... | 2015 | 26610554 |
| biotechnological enhancement of capsaicin biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of naga king chili (capsicum chinense jacq.). | cell suspension cultures were initiated from hypocotyl derived callus to induce capsaicin biosynthesis in suspension cultures of naga king chili (capsicum chinense jacq.). efficient capsaicin production with high growth index (gi) was obtained by exposing cells to salicylic acid (sa) and calcium channel modulators in suspension cultures. the time course of capsaicin formation is related to the cell growth profile in a batch culture. cells cultivated in the standard medium (sm) initially showed l ... | 2016 | 26578343 |
| physiological quality and gene expression during the development of habanero pepper (capsicum chinense jacquin) seeds. | phytohormones have different characteristics and functions, and they may be subject to changes in their gene expression and synthesis during seed development. in this study, we evaluated the physiological qualities of habanero peppers (capsicum chinense jacquin) during seed development and the expression of genes involved in germination. seeds were obtained from fruits harvested at different stages of development [i.e., 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, and 70 days after anthesis (daa)]. immediate ... | 2015 | 26125700 |
| exploring natural variation of photosynthetic, primary metabolism and growth parameters in a large panel of capsicum chinense accessions. | collectively, the results presented improve upon the utility of an important genetic resource and attest to a complex genetic basis for differences in both leaf metabolism and fruit morphology between natural populations. diversity of accessions within the same species provides an alternative method to identify physiological and metabolic traits that have large effects on growth regulation, biomass and fruit production. here, we investigated physiological and metabolic traits as well as paramete ... | 2015 | 26007687 |
| elevating concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in hot peppers using recycled waste. | five capsicum accessions (pi 435916 and pi 438614 from capsicum chinense; pi 370004 and grif 9354 from c. baccatum and pi 438649 from c. annuum) were selected from the u.s. department of agriculture-agricultural research service capsicum germplasm collection to study the impact of four soil management practices: yard waste (yw), sewage sludge (ss), chicken manure (cm) and no-mulch (nm) bare soil on fruit concentrations of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, yield, plant size and mature fruit charact ... | 2015 | 25996816 |
| systemic and local effects of intragastric administration of the habanero fruit (capsicum chinense jacquin c.v.) in rats. | the fruits of the habanero plant (capsicum chinense jacq.) are commonly used as spices. their exceptionally hot flavour is the result of the substantial content of capsaicin that has among others the anticancer action. the experiments assess the impact of intragastric administration of a suspension of dried matter (dm) habanero fruit in peanut oil on the state of the digestive tract and parenchymal organs of rats. habanero fruit with three different doses (0.08, 0.05 and 0.025 g of dry matter (d ... | 2015 | 25903956 |
| water use efficiency and productivity of habanero pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) based on two transplanting dates. | habanero pepper production was assessed with drip irrigation and plastic mulch, based on two transplanting dates. the objectives of the study were: (i) to evaluate the effect of two transplanting dates and the use of plastic mulch on water productivity and habanero pepper fruit yield under drip irrigation conditions; and (ii) to determine the profitability and economic viability of the product in the regional market. the work was conducted in the municipality of huimanguillo, state of tabasco, m ... | 2015 | 25812098 |
| salicylic-acid elicited phospholipase d responses in capsicum chinense cell cultures. | the plant response to different stress types can occur through stimulus recognition and the subsequent signal transduction through second messengers that send information to the regulation of metabolism and the expression of defense genes. the phospholipidic signaling pathway forms part of the plant response to several phytoregulators, such as salicylic acid (sa), which has been widely used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in cell cultures. in this work, we studied the effects of sa ... | 2015 | 25766278 |
| nitrate promotes capsaicin accumulation in capsicum chinense immobilized placentas. | in chili pepper's pods, placental tissue is responsible for the synthesis of capsaicinoids (caps), the compounds behind their typical hot flavor or pungency, which are synthesized from phenylalanine and branched amino acids. placental tissue sections from habanero peppers (capsicum chinense jacq.) were immobilized in a calcium alginate matrix and cultured in vitro, either continuously for 28 days or during two 14-day subculture periods. immobilized placental tissue remained viable and metabolica ... | 2015 | 25710024 |
| mechanisms of salt tolerance in habanero pepper plants (capsicum chinense jacq.): proline accumulation, ions dynamics and sodium root-shoot partition and compartmentation. | despite its economic relevance, little is known about salt tolerance mechanisms in pepper plants. to address this question, we compared differences in responses to nacl in two capsicum chinense varieties: rex (tolerant) and chichen-itza (sensitive). under salt stress (150 mm nacl over 7 days) roots of rex variety accumulated 50 times more compatible solutes such as proline compared to chichen-itza. mineral analysis indicated that na(+) is restricted to roots by preventing its transport to leaves ... | 2014 | 25429292 |
| understanding the physiological responses of a tropical crop (capsicum chinense jacq.) at high temperature. | temperature is one of the main environmental factors involved in global warming and has been found to have a direct effect on plants. however, few studies have investigated the effect of higher temperature on tropical crops. we therefore performed an experiment with a tropical crop of habanero pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.). three growth chambers were used, each with 30 habanero pepper plants. chambers were maintained at a diurnal maximum air temperature (dmt) of 30 (chamber 1), 35 (chamber 2) ... | 2014 | 25365043 |
| morphological and genetic relationships between wild and domesticated forms of peppers (capsicum frutescens l. and c. chinense jacquin). | capsicum chinense and c. frutescens peppers are part of the brazilian biodiversity, and the amazon basin is the area of greatest diversity for them, especially for that former species. nevertheless, little is known about their evolutionary history. aiming to identify genotypes with wild and domesticated characteristics, 30 accessions of the germplasm bank of embrapa were characterized using morphological descriptors and issr molecular markers. of the 72 primers tested, 42% showed amplification a ... | 2014 | 25222244 |
| effect of sowing time and crop geometry on the capsaicinoid content in bhoot jolokia (capsicum chinense jacq.). | capsicum species are not only cultivated as vegetable and condiment crop but are also incorporated into a number of medicinal preparations in the ancient literature around the world. 'naga chilli' or 'bhoot jolokia' (capsicum chinense jacq.) is a chilli variety indigenous to the northeast region of india and has been recognized as one of the hottest chilli in the world. it has also been used conventionally in treating various human ailments since time immemorial by the indigenous people of the n ... | 2014 | 25190853 |
| antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in fruit tissues from accessions of capsicum chinense jacq. (habanero pepper) at different stages of ripening. | in the past few years, there has been a renewed interest in studying a wide variety of food products that show beneficial effects on human health. capsicum is an important agricultural crop, not only because its economic importance, but also for the nutritional values of its pods, mainly due to the fact that they are an excellent source of antioxidant compounds, and also of specific constituents such as the pungent capsaicinoids localized in the placental tissue. this current study was designed ... | 2014 | 24683361 |
| salicylic acid induces vanillin synthesis through the phospholipid signaling pathway in capsicum chinense cell cultures. | signal transduction via phospholipids is mediated by phospholipases such as phospholipase c (plc) and d (pld), which catalyze hydrolysis of plasma membrane structural phospholipids. phospholipid signaling is also involved in plant responses to phytohormones such as salicylic acid (sa). the relationships between phospholipid signaling, sa, and secondary metabolism are not fully understood. using a capsicum chinense cell suspension as a model, we evaluated whether phospholipid signaling modulates ... | 2013 | 24494241 |
| fruit specific variability in capsaicinoid accumulation and transcription of structural and regulatory genes in capsicum fruit. | accumulation of capsaicinoids in the placental tissue of ripening chile (capsicum spp.) fruit follows the coordinated expression of multiple biosynthetic enzymes producing the substrates for capsaicin synthase. transcription factors are likely agents to regulate expression of these biosynthetic genes. placental rnas from habanero fruit (capsicum chinense) were screened for expression of candidate transcription factors; with two candidate genes identified, both in the erf family of transcription ... | 2014 | 24388515 |
| manipulation of culture strategies to enhance capsaicin biosynthesis in suspension and immobilized cell cultures of capsicum chinense jacq. cv. naga king chili. | manipulation of culture strategies was adopted to study the influence of nutrient stress, ph stress and precursor feeding on the biosynthesis of capsaicin in suspension and immobilized cell cultures of c. chinense. cells cultured in the absence of one of the four nutrients (ammonium and potassium nitrate for nitrate and potassium stress, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate for phosphorus stress, and sucrose for sugar stress) influenced the accumulation of capsaicin. among the stress factors stud ... | 2014 | 24141419 |
| enrichment of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases the capsaicinoids content in habanero peppers (capsicum chinense jacq.). | the effects of the increase of atmospheric co2 on agricultural productivity have been mainly analyzed through its impact on biomass yield, and little attention has been directed to quality traits, such as nutritional or organoleptic attributes. for this study, plants of hot habanero pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) were grown in growth chambers under three different co2 levels: 380 (normal atmospheric value), 760 and 1140 µmol mol(-1), and their effects on pod yield, size, color and pungency, we ... | 2013 | 23124470 |
| molecular characterization of 'bhut jolokia' the hottest chilli. | the northeast region of india, considered as 'hot spot' of biodiversity, having unique ecological environment with hot and high-humidity conditions, has given rise to the world's hottest chilli, 'bhut jolokia', which is at least two times hotter than red savina habanero in terms of scoville heat units (shu). this study was undertaken to determine the distinctiveness of 'bhut jolokia' from capsicum frutescens or capsicum chinense through sequencing of the ribosomal rna (rrna) gene-internal transc ... | 2012 | 22922200 |
| phospholipase signaling is modified differentially by phytoregulators in capsicum chinense j. cells. | plant defense mechanisms respond to diverse environmental factors and play key roles in signaling pathways. the phospholipidic signaling pathway forms part of the plant response to several phytoregulators, such as salicylic acid (sa) and methyl jasmonate (mj), which have been widely used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in cell cultures. ( 1) furthermore, it has been reported that the levels of such phytoregulators as sa and mj can increase in response to stressful conditions. ( 2) ( ... | 2012 | 22899070 |
| exogenous nitrate induces root branching and inhibits primary root growth in capsicum chinense jacq. | the effects of nitrate (no₃⁻) on the root system are complex and depend on several factors, such as the concentration available to the plant, endogenous nitrogen status and the sensitivity of the species. though these effects have been widely documented on arabidopsis and cereals, no reports are available in the capsicum genus. in this paper, we have determined the effect of an exogenous in vitro application of this nutrient on root growth in habanero pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.). exposure t ... | 2011 | 22078384 |
| methyl jasmonate induces extracellular pathogenesis-related proteins in cell cultures of capsicum chinense. | suspension cultured cells of capsicum chinense secrete proteins to the culture medium in both control conditions and under methyl jasmonate treatment. the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate induced the accumulation of putative pathogenesis-related proteins, class i chitinase, leucin-rich repeat protein, ntprp27-like protein and pectinesterase which were also found in suspension cultured cells of c. annuum elicited with methyl jasmonate. however, a germin-like protein, which has never been ... | 2011 | 21346408 |
| phospholipidic signaling and vanillin production in response to salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate in capsicum chinense j. cells. | the phospholipidic signal transduction system involves generation of second messengers by hydrolysis or changes in phosphorylation state. several studies have shown that the signaling pathway forms part of plant response to phytoregulators such as salicylic acid (sa) and methyl jasmonate (mj), which have been widely used to stimulate secondary metabolite production in cell cultures. an evaluation was made of the effect of sa and mj on phospholipidic signaling and capsaicinoid production in capsi ... | 2011 | 21147536 |
| characterization and genetic analysis of a low-temperature-sensitive mutant, sy-2, in capsicum chinense. | a temperature-sensitive mutant of capsicum chinense, sy-2, shows a normal developmental phenotype when grown above 24°c. however, when grown at 20°c, sy-2 exhibits developmental defects, such as chlorophyll deficiency and shrunken leaves. to understand the underlying mechanism of this temperature-dependent response, phenotypic characterization and genetic analysis were performed. the results revealed abnormal chloroplast structures and cell collapse in leaves of the sy-2 plants grown at 20°c. mo ... | 2011 | 20886202 |
| capsaicin accumulation is related to nitrate content in placentas of habanero peppers (capsicum chinense jacq.). | the presence of capsaicin, the pungent principle of peppers, is restricted to the fruits of hot cultivars. this compound, which is produced in the fruits' placenta, requires 3 mol of nitrogen to be formed. hence nitrogen availability may affect pepper pungency through its content in the fruit tissues. on the other hand, potassium may also affect pepper pungency given its positive effect on fruit development. in order to address this issue, plants of habanero pepper (capsicum chinense jacq.) were ... | 2010 | 20355110 |
| characterization and molecular genetic mapping of microsatellite loci in pepper. | microsatellites or simple sequence repeats are highly variable dna sequences that can be used as informative markers for the genetic analysis of plants and animals. for the development of microsatellite markers in capsicum, microsatellites were isolated from two small-insert genomic libraries and the genbank database. using five types of oligonucleotides, (at)(15), (ga)(15), (gt)(15), (att)(10) and (ttg)(10), as probes, positive clones were isolated from the genomic libraries, and sequenced. out ... | 2004 | 14647898 |