| biochemical characterization of algal coated vesicles. | thin sections of tissue preparations from a green alga, ulva lactuca (ulvophyceae), and brown alga, laminaria digitata (pheophyceae) showed the presence of coated pits and coated vesicles in these 2 species. a discontinuous sucrose gradient after subcellular fractionation of the tissue homogenate resulted in an enriched coated vesicle fraction. electron microscopy of negatively stained samples revealed the presence of coated vesicles of diameter ranging from 40-125 nm, together with large sheets ... | 1990 | 1971186 |
| [homology between antigenic determinants of bovine clathrin and clathrin from the brown alga laminaria digitata]. | coated vesicles, essential organelles of intracellular membrane traffic, have been extensively studied in animal and higher plant cells. in the algae, cytological studies only have been performed which demonstrate the presence of such coated vesicles with their surrounding clathrin lattice. the present work has been carried out on coated vesicles isolated for the first time from the brown algae laminaria digitata. for comparison of the antigenic characteristics of clathrin prepared from the bovi ... | 1987 | 2438018 |
| [a study of laminaria digitata powder on experimental hyperlipoproteinemia and its hemorrheology]. | twenty rabbits with experimental hyperlipoproteinemia were divided randomly into two groups. the first group was administered laminaria digitata powder (1 g daily) for 14 days. another was given only the routine menu. it was found that the laminaria digitata had a significant effect of lowering total cholesterol, -lipoprotein, especially triglyceride (p less than 0.01), meanwhile it could increase the level of hdl-c and hdl2-c. also it could reduce relative blood viscosity, relative plasma visco ... | 1989 | 2758518 |
| a model of myo- cardial infarct in dogs, through the gradual compression of the coronary vessels by rods of laminaria digitata. | | 1969 | 5354356 |
| [experimental glaucoma induced with laminaria digitata]. | | 1968 | 5747095 |
| production and characterization of guluronate lyase from klebsiella pneumoniae for applications in seaweed biotechnology. | cultures of klebsiella pneumoniae fermenting sodium alginate produce an extracellular guluronate-specific alginate lyase. this enzyme production was studied in stirred-tank fermentors. different alginate substrates gave moderate differences in growth and enzyme yield. alginates with low guluronic content gave reduced biomass but favored enzyme production. low molecular weight (down to dpn approximately 270) also favored enzyme production. excessive depolymerization of substrates occurred during ... | 1993 | 7764007 |
| differential blocking of coagulation-activating pathways of limulus amebocyte lysate. | the coagulation of limulus amebocyte lysate (lal) can be activated through two pathways, one initiated by endotoxin and the other by beta-glucans. the two pathways join at the step of activation of the proclotting enzyme. we report here that the endotoxin-activated pathway can be differentially inhibited by two methods in a limulus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), either by the combined use of dimethyl sulfoxide and polymyxin b or by a monoclonal antibody against limulus factor c. lal ... | 1994 | 8077400 |
| purification and properties of three (1-->3)-beta-d-glucanase isoenzymes from young leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare). | three (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan glucanohydrolase (ec 3.2.1.39) isoenzymes gi, gii and giii were purified from young leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare) using (nh4)2so4 fractional precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, chromatofocusing and gel-filtration chromatography. the three (1-->3)-beta-d-glucanases are monomeric proteins of apparent m(r)32,000 with pi values in the range 8.8-10.3. n-terminal amino-acid-sequence analyses confirmed that the three isoenzymes represent the products of separate ... | 1993 | 8424790 |
| in vitro fermentation by human faecal bacteria of total and purified dietary fibres from brown seaweeds. | the in vitro degradation of dietary fibre from three brown seaweeds (himanthalia elongata, laminaria digitata and undaria pinnatifida) was studied, using human faecal flora. two sets of fibre were tested: (1) total algal fibres extracted from the whole algae, mainly composed of alginates, and (2) purified fibres (sulphated fucans, na-alginates and laminarans) representative of those contained in the whole brown algae. mannuronate, one algal component, was also investigated. substrate disappearan ... | 1996 | 8785203 |
| increase in aqueous humor production following d1 receptors activation by means of ibopamine. | topically administered 2% ibopamine (a dopaminergic agonist) induces a transitory ocular hypertension in 92% of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and in 52% of patients with normal tension glaucoma. in normal eyes, ibopamine has no effect on iop. | 1996 | 9112178 |
| non-starch polysaccharides extracted from seaweed can modulate intestinal absorption of glucose and insulin response in the pig. | we have investigated the possible effects of algal polysaccharides on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in an animal model, the pig. three seaweed fibres of different viscosities, extracted from palmaria palmata (pp), eucheuma cottonii (ec), or laminaria digitata (ld), were compared to purified cellulose (cel). blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were monitored and intestinal absorption quantified for 8 h following a high carbohydrate test-meal supplemented with 5% fibre. dige ... | 2000 | 10737549 |
| linear beta-1,3 glucans are elicitors of defense responses in tobacco. | laminarin, a linear beta-1,3 glucan (mean degree of polymerization of 33) was extracted and purified from the brown alga laminaria digitata. its elicitor activity on tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) was compared to that of oligogalacturonides with a mean degree of polymerization of 10. the two oligosaccharides were perceived by suspension-cultured cells as distinct chemical stimuli but triggered a similar and broad spectrum of defense responses. a dose of 200 microg ml(-1) laminarin or oligogalacturo ... | 2000 | 11080280 |
| reaction of acylated homoserine lactone bacterial signaling molecules with oxidized halogen antimicrobials. | oxidized halogen antimicrobials, such as hypochlorous and hypobromous acids, have been used extensively for microbial control in industrial systems. recent discoveries have shown that acylated homoserine lactone cell-to-cell signaling molecules are important for biofilm formation in pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting that biofouling can be controlled by interfering with bacterial cell-to-cell communication. this study was conducted to investigate the potential for oxidized halogens to react with ... | 2001 | 11425738 |
| immunostimulation in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following intraperitoneal administration of ergosan. | the present work provides information concerning the immunostimulatory activity of ergosan, an algal based product, injected intraperitoneally in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). ergosan is composed of 0.002% unspecified plant extract, 1% alginic acid from laminaria digitata, and 98.998% algal based carrier. migration of leucocytes into the peritoneal cavity was stimulated at doses > or =1 mg ml(-1). a single dose of 1mg significantly augmented the proportion of neutrophils, degree of ph ... | 2002 | 11943333 |
| supplementation of algae to the diet of pigs: a new possibility to improve the iodine content in the meat. | meat products with a higher iodine content can be produced through feeding animals with a diet supplemented with inorganic iodine salts or with algae containing high iodine. this may help to improve daily iodine intake and to control iodine deficiency disorders (idd) in man. in the present study a total of 40 crossbred pigs (deutsche landrasse x piétrain) with an average body weight of 17 kg were allotted to either a control group, to two groups receiving potassium iodide (ki) at different conce ... | 2002 | 11972678 |
| oligoalginate recognition and oxidative burst play a key role in natural and induced resistance of sporophytes of laminariales. | forty-five species of brown algae (phaeophyceae) were surveyed for their capacity to respond by an oxidative burst to challenges with alginate oligosaccharides. intertidal frondose brown algae (fucales) constitutively released high quantities of peroxide. the capacity to recognize oligoguluronates and to react with an oxidative burst was confined to alginate-rich taxa with complex thallus morphology, epitomized by the sporophytes of laminariales. when kelp sporophytes were impaired in their capa ... | 2002 | 12474900 |
| metabolism of arsenic by sheep chronically exposed to arsenosugars as a normal part of their diet. 1. quantitative intake, uptake, and excretion. | information on the effects of long-term organoarsenical consumption by mammals is limited despite the fact that foodstuffs, especially seafood, often contain organoarsenicals at very high concentrations. here we evaluate the intake, uptake, and excretion (urine and feces) of arsenic by sheep that live on north ronaldsay in the orkney islands and naturally consume large amounts of arsenosugars through their major food source-seaweed. the sheep eat a broad variety of seaweed species, and arsenic c ... | 2003 | 12666911 |
| the brown algal kelp laminaria digitata features distinct bromoperoxidase and iodoperoxidase activities. | different haloperoxidases, one specific for the oxidation of iodide and another that can oxidize both iodide and bromide, were separated from the sporophytes of the brown alga laminaria digitata and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. the iodoperoxidase activity was approximately seven times more efficient than the bromoperoxidase fraction in the oxidation of iodide. the two enzymes were markedly different in their molecular masses, trypsin digestion profiles, and immunological characterist ... | 2003 | 12697758 |
| purification and characterization of laminaran hydrolases from trichoderma viride. | at least three extracellular laminaran hydrolases which hydrolyzed laminaran (beta-1,3:1,6-glucan) from eisenia bicyclis were secreted in wheat bran solid medium by trichoderma viride u-1. these three enzymes, lam ai, aii, and b, were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. their molecular masses were estimated to be 70.1, 70.4, and 45.0 kda for lam ai, aii, and b, respectively, by sds-page. whereas both lam ai and aii could hydrolyze laminarin from laminaria digitata, lam aii showed higher act ... | 2003 | 12843664 |
| laminarin elicits defense responses in grapevine and induces protection against botrytis cinerea and plasmopara viticola. | grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is susceptible to many pathogens, such as botrytis cinerea, plasmopara viticola, uncinula necator, and eutypa lata. phytochemicals are used intensively in vineyards to limit pathogen infections, but the appearance of pesticide-resistant pathogen strains and a desire to protect the environment require that alternative strategies be found. in the present study, the beta-1,3-glucan laminarin derived from the brown algae laminaria digitata was shown both to be an effici ... | 2003 | 14651345 |
| cloning, characterization and expression of osgln2, a rice endo-1,3-beta-glucanase gene regulated developmentally in flowers and hormonally in germinating seeds. | we report here the isolation and characterization of a new endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (1,3-beta-glu) cdna, osgln2, that is expressed both in flowers and in germinating seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.). the isolated osgln2 gene encoded a protein which displayed 72%, 93% and 92% identity at the amino acid level with those encoded by barley gii, rice gns4 and glu1 1,3-beta-glu genes, respectively. a gst-osgln2 recombinant protein expressed in escherichia coli preferentially hydrolyzed laminaria digitat ... | 2004 | 15278454 |
| arsinothioyl-sugars produced by in vitro incubation of seaweed extract with liver cytosol analysed by hplc coupled simultaneously to es-ms and icp-ms. | it has been shown, that in vitro incubation of laminaria digitata extract (containing mainly as-sugar 1 (glycerol-arsenoribose) and as-sugar 3 (sulfonate-arsenoribose)) with liver cytosol, produced the same two arsenicals, as when l. digitata extract was treated with h(2)s. by parallel use of hplc-icp-ms and hplc-es-ms the compounds displayed mainly m/z 345 and m/z 409. a pure as-sugar 1 standard was obtained, and a standard of arsinothioyl-sugar 1 (m/z 345) was produced, by purging a solution o ... | 2004 | 15508034 |
| vanadium-dependent iodoperoxidases in laminaria digitata, a novel biochemical function diverging from brown algal bromoperoxidases. | the brown alga laminaria digitata features a distinct vanadium-dependent iodoperoxidase (vipo) activity, which has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. steady-state analyses at ph 6.2 are reported for vipo (k (m) (i-) = 2.5 mm; k (cat) (i-) = 462 s(-1)) and for the previously characterised vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase in l. digitata (k (m) (i-) =18.1 mm; k (cat) (i-) = 38 s(-1)). although the vipo enzyme specifically oxidises iodide, competition experiments with halides indicate t ... | 2005 | 15747134 |
| a novel glyco-conjugate vaccine against fungal pathogens. | to generate a vaccine to protect against a variety of human pathogenic fungi, we conjugated laminarin (lam), a well-characterized but poorly immunogenic beta-glucan preparation from the brown alga laminaria digitata, with the diphtheria toxoid crm197, a carrier protein used in some glyco-conjugate bacterial vaccines. this lam-crm conjugate proved to be immunogenic and protective as immunoprophylactic vaccine against both systemic and mucosal (vaginal) infections by candida albicans. protection p ... | 2005 | 16147975 |
| purification and characterization of a novel extracellular beta-1,3-glucanase produced by bacillus clausii nm-1 isolated from ezo abalone haliotis discus hannai. | a novel extracellular alkaline stable beta-1,3-glucanase produced by bacillus clausii nm-1 isolated from the ezo abalone haliotis discus hannai was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-sepharose ff ion exchange chromatography and sephacryl s-200hr gel filtration. the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 71 kda from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the enzyme was very stable at ph 5.3 to 11.5 but unstable at ph 4.0 to 4.5. th ... | 2003 | 16233365 |
| induction of tnf-alpha production from human peripheral blood monocytes with beta-1,3-glucan oligomer prepared from laminarin with beta-1,3-glucanase from bacillus clausii nm-1. | we prepared a beta-1,3-glucan oligomer (dp> or = 4) from laminarin (dp: 25-30) derived from laminaria digitata with beta-1,3-glucanase, and examined its effect on human peripheral blood monocytes. conditioned medium prepared by incubating monocytes (mc-cm) with the beta-1,3-glucan oligomer showed strong inhibitory activity against the proliferation of human leukemic u937 cells. since the beta-1,3-glucan oligomer had no direct cytotoxic effect on u937 cells up to 1000 microg/ml, the cytotoxicity ... | 2003 | 16233391 |
| thallus morphology and optical characteristics affect growth and dna damage by uv radiation in juvenile arctic laminaria sporophytes. | growth of young sporophytes of the brown algae laminaria digitata, l. saccharina and l. solidungula from spitsbergen were measured in the laboratory after being exposed for 21 days to either photosynthetically active radiation (par = p) or to full light spectrum (par + uv-a + uv-b = pab) using of cutoff glass filters. the plants were grown at 8+/-2 degrees c and 16 h light : 8 h dark cycles with 6 h additional ultraviolet radiation (uvr) exposure in the middle of the light period. growth was mea ... | 2006 | 16244865 |
| exposure to ultraviolet radiation delays photosynthetic recovery in arctic kelp zoospores. | seasonal reproduction in some arctic laminariales coincides with increased uv-b radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion and relatively high water temperatures during polar spring. to find out the capacity to cope with different spectral irradiance, the kinetics of photosynthetic recovery was investigated in zoospores of four arctic species of the order laminariales, the kelps saccorhiza dermatodea, alaria esculenta, laminaria digitata, and laminaria saccharina. the physiology of light har ... | 2006 | 16758269 |
| iodine transfers in the coastal marine environment: the key role of brown algae and of their vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases. | brown algal kelp species are the most efficient iodine accumulators among all living systems, with an average content of 1.0% of dry weight in laminaria digitata, representing a ca. 30,000-fold accumulation of this element from seawater. like other marine macroalgae, kelps are known to emit volatile short-lived organo-iodines, and molecular iodine which are believed to be a main vector of the iodine biogeochemical cycle as well as having a significant impact on atmospheric chemistry. therefore, ... | 2006 | 17007992 |
| a novel tissue-specific plantain beta-1,3-glucanase gene that is regulated in response to infection by fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense. | a new full-length beta-1,3-glucanase cdna, mpglu, was isolated from a plantain (musa paradisica) by the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technique. recombinant gst-mpglu protein, expressed in e. coli, hydrolyzed (1-->3),(1-->6)-beta-glucan of laminaria digitata and inhibited the growth of fusarium oxysporum fsp. cubense (race 4) suggesting that it is a beta-1,3-glucanase. southern blot analysis indicated that there is one copy of mpglu in the plantain genome. mpglu gene expression was det ... | 2007 | 17530180 |
| cell wall beta-glucan derived from candida albicans acts as a trigger for autoimmune arthritis in skg mice. | skg mice are a recently established experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis (ra). although they spontaneously develop chronic autoimmune arthritis under conventional conditions, skg mice failed to develop chronic arthritis in a strictly controlled specific pathogen-free (spf) environment. beta-glucan (bg) from laminaria digitata, laminarin (lam), induced arthritis under spf conditions, thus bg would be a pathogenic factor for arthritis in skg mice. therefore, we prepared bg from candida albi ... | 2007 | 17666828 |
| planktonic bacteria and fungi are selectively eliminated by exposure to marine macroalgae in close proximity. | to test whether macroalgae affect microbial colonizers in close proximity in a phylum-specific fashion, the community richness of planktonic bacteria and fungi was analyzed with selective oligonucleotide probes targeting the cytophaga/flavobacterium/bacteroides (cfb), alphaproteobacteria and roseobacter group and the its1 region of marine fungi. naturally occuring planktonic microorganisms were incubated in the presence of macroalgae or in seawater previously conditioned with macroalgal metaboli ... | 2008 | 18194343 |
| free fatty acids and methyl jasmonate trigger defense reactions in laminaria digitata. | arachidonic acid, linolenic acid and methyl jasmonate (meja) were found to be strong triggers of an oxidative burst in the kelp laminaria digitata. these findings constitute the first report of an oxidative burst in an algal system induced by free fatty acids. the source of reactive oxygen species can be at least partially inhibited by diphenylene iodonium (dpi). treatment with arachidonic acid increases the levels of a number of free fatty acids [including myristic (c14:0), linoleic (c18:2), li ... | 2009 | 19213737 |
| characterisation of phenolics in flor-essence--a compound herbal product and its contributing herbs. | commercially available herbal mixture fe, a proprietary natural health product manufactured by flora manufacturing and distributing ltd (flora), is a unique north american traditional herbal product. fe is a chemically complex mixture of eight herbs and has not been subjected to phytochemical analysis. | 2009 | 19609882 |
| photosynthetic response of arctic kelp zoospores exposed to radiation and thermal stress. | zoospores of arctic kelp species, alaria esculenta, laminaria digitata and saccharina latissima were exposed to different temperature (2 degrees c to 19 degrees c) and radiation (photosynthetically active radiation (par=p), par+uv-a (pa), and par+uv-a+uv-b (pab)) conditions in the laboratory. species-specific responses to the combined effect of light and temperature stress showed sensitivity in the order s. latissima>l. digitata>a. esculenta. the optimum temperature range for photosynthesis in d ... | 2009 | 19707618 |
| whole-cell spectroscopy is a convenient tool to assist molecular identification of cultivatable marine bacteria and to investigate their adaptive metabolism. | recent developments in whole-cell spectroscopic methods allow rapid characterization of microorganisms of interest to human health, but have yet to be widely applied to marine microbiological studies. in this study of bacteria associated with the kelp laminaria digitata, we have isolated 18 epiphytic bacterial strains from several thalli, sequenced their 16s rdna, built corresponding phylogenetic trees, and characterized them using spectroscopic methods. molecular taxonomy revealed gram(+)actino ... | 2010 | 20152408 |
| development of an in vitro coculture of primary sensitive pig neurons and keratinocytes for the study of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation. | cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (cni) is often associated with skin disorders. activated sensory neurons secrete neuropeptides, such as substance p (sp), which initiate or aggravate inflammation in the skin. the discovery of new molecules acting on these neurons is hampered by the difficulty of reproducing the interactions between nerve endings and skin in vitro. we developed an in vitro model based on the coculture of porcine primary keratinocytes and sensory neurons, which mimics skin innerv ... | 2010 | 20849537 |
| the effects of laminarin derived from laminaria digitata on measurements of gut health: selected bacterial populations, intestinal fermentation, mucin gene expression and cytokine gene expression in the pig. | the aim of the present study was to establish the optimum inclusion level of laminarin derived from laminaria digitata on selected microbial populations, intestinal fermentation, cytokine and mucin gene expression in the porcine ileum and colon. a total of twenty-one pigs (mean body weight 17·9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: t1 - basal (control) diet, t2 and t3 - basal diets supplemented with laminarin included at 300 and 600 parts per million (ppm), respectively. ... | 2011 | 21251335 |
| oligoguluronates elicit an oxidative burst in the brown algal kelp laminaria digitata. | oligomeric degradation products of alginate elicited a respiratory and oxidative burst in the sporophytes of the kelp laminaria digitata. the generation of activated oxygen species (aos), o(2)(-), and h(2)o(2) was detected at the single cell level, using nitroblue tetrazolium precipitation and a redox-sensitive fluorescent probe, respectively. the oxidative burst involved diphenyleneiodonium-sensitive aos-generating machinery and its amplitude depended on the type of tissue. after a first elicit ... | 2001 | 11154336 |
| characterization of mannuronan c-5-epimerase genes from the brown alga laminaria digitata. | alginate is an industrially important polysaccharide obtained commercially by harvesting brown algae. the final step in alginate biosynthesis, the epimerization of beta-1,4-d-mannuronic acid to alpha-1,4-l-guluronic acid, a structural change that controls the physicochemical properties of the alginate, is catalyzed by the enzyme mannuronan c-5-epimerase. six different cdnas with homology to bacterial mannuronan c-5-epimerases were isolated from the brown alga laminaria digitata (phaeophyceae). h ... | 2003 | 14526115 |
| an anti-apoptotic b-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) from channa striatus: sequence analysis and delayed and advanced gene expression in response to fungal, bacterial and poly i:c induction. | b-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) is a suppressor of apoptosis and inhibits the caspase dependent apoptosis pathway. in this study, we report molecular characterization of a cdna sequence encoded of bcl-2 from striped murrel, channa striatus. a partial cdna sequence of csbcl-2 was identified from the striped murrel cdna library during annotation. subsequently, the full length csbcl-2 cdna sequence was obtained by an internal sequencing method using a forward primer. the sequence contains 699 nucleotide ... | 2015 | 25128157 |
| structural and binding properties of laminarin revealed by analytical ultracentrifugation and calorimetric analyses. | one of the β-1,3-glucans, laminarin, has been widely used as a substrate for enzymes including endo-1,3-β-glucanase. to obtain quantitative information about the molecular interaction between laminarin and endo-1,3-β-glucanase, the structural properties of laminarin should be determined. the results from pioneering work using analytical ultracentrifugation for carbohydrate analysis showed that laminarin from laminaria digitata predominantly exists as a single-chain species with approximately 5% ... | 2016 | 27267066 |
| a novel topical ingredient derived from seaweed significantly reduces symptoms of acne vulgaris: a general literature review. | currently, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and retinoids are the mainstay topical treatments for acne vulgaris. however, potential benefits may be offered by natural, marine-derived ingredients, such as those derived from brown seaweed (laminaria digitata). this article will review the available literature on two ingredients; "seaweed oligosaccharides," which are those derived from the polysaccharide membrane of laminaria digitata, and a novel seaweed oligosaccharide-zinc complex (sozc) (phycosac ... | 2013 | 23752036 |
| the novel strain fusarium proliferatum le1 (rcam02409) produces α-l-fucosidase and arylsulfatase during the growth on fucoidan. | enzymes capable of modifying the sulfated polymeric molecule of fucoidan are mainly produced by different groups of marine organisms: invertebrates, bacteria, and also some fungi. we have discovered and identified a new strain of filamentous fungus fusarium proliferatum le1 (deposition number in russian collection of agricultural microorganisms is rcam02409), which is a potential producer of fucoidan-degrading enzymes. the strain le1 (rcam02409) was identified on the basis of morphological chara ... | 2015 | 25346501 |
| the effects of liquid versus spray-dried laminaria digitata extract on selected bacterial groups in the piglet gastrointestinal tract (git) microbiota. | in this study, the effects of supplementing animal feed with a liquid and spray-dried fucoidan and laminarin extract, derived from the seaweed laminaria digitata on the porcine gastrointestinal microbiota, specifically the communities of lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and enterobacteria were evaluated. twenty four piglets were fed one of three diets over a 21-day period to determine the effect that each had on the bacterial communities. the dietary treatments were as follows; (1) control diet, ( ... | 2013 | 23542115 |
| selection of yeast strains for bioethanol production from uk seaweeds. | macroalgae (seaweeds) are a promising feedstock for the production of third generation bioethanol, since they have high carbohydrate contents, contain little or no lignin and are available in abundance. however, seaweeds typically contain a more diverse array of monomeric sugars than are commonly present in feedstocks derived from lignocellulosic material which are currently used for bioethanol production. hence, identification of a suitable fermentative microorganism that can utilise the princi ... | 2017 | 27057090 |
| analysis of bacterial community shifts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed diets supplemented with β-glucan from laminaria digitata, laminaria hyperborea and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | this study was designed to evaluate the effects of algal and yeast β-glucans on the porcine gastrointestinal microbiota, specifically the community of lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and coliforms. a total of 48 pigs were fed four diets over a 28-day period to determine the effect that each had on these communities. the control diet consisted of wheat and soya bean meal. the remaining three diets contained wheat and soya bean meal supplemented with β-glucan at 250 g/tonne from laminaria digitata, ... | 2013 | 23446108 |
| effects of dietary supplementation with laminaria hyperborea, laminaria digitata, and saccharomyces cerevisiae on the il-17 pathway in the porcine colon. | an unregulated t(h)17 inflammatory response has been highlighted as a major contributor to the underlying pathology of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd) whereas regulatory t (t(reg)) cells) have been highlighted as pivotal in suppressing autoimmune and inflammatory responses in the gut. following dietary supplementation, β-glucans have been shown to reduce the t(h)17 signature molecule il-17a in the porcine colon. to expand this observation we examined the effects of supplementing feeds with β-g ... | 2012 | 23365350 |
| effect of purified β-glucans derived from laminaria digitata, laminaria hyperborea and saccharomyces cerevisiae on piglet performance, selected bacterial populations, volatile fatty acids and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. | β-glucans have been identified as natural biomolecules with immunomodulatory activity. the first objective of the present study was to compare the effects of purified β-glucans derived from laminaria digitata, l. hyperborea and saccharomyces cerevisiae on piglet performance, selected bacterial populations and intestinal volatile fatty acid (vfa) production. the second aim was to compare the gene expression profiles of the markers of pro- and anti-inflammation in both unchallenged and lipopolysac ... | 2012 | 22313684 |
| potentiation of innate immunity by β-glucans. | β-glucans have been known to exhibit antitumor activities by potentiating host immunity by an unknown mechanism. the c-type lectin dectin-1, a β-glucan receptor, is found on the macrophage and can recognize various β-glucans. previously, we demonstrated the presence of β-glucan receptor, dectin-1, on the raw 264.7 cells as well as on murine mucosal organs, such as the thymus, the lung, and the spleen. in order to investigate immunopotentiation of innate immunity by β-glucan, we stimulated a muri ... | 2010 | 23956643 |
| isolation and characterization of two types of beta-1,3-glucanases from the common sea hare aplysia kurodai. | two types of beta-1,3-glucanases, aklam36 and aklam33 with the molecular masses of 36kda and 33kda, respectively, were isolated from the digestive fluid of the common sea hare aplysia kurodai. aklam36 was regarded as an endolytic enzyme (ec 3.2.1.6) degrading laminarin and laminarioligosaccharides to laminaritriose, laminaribiose, and glucose, while aklam33 was regarded as an exolytic enzyme (ec 3.2.1.58) directly producing glucose from polymer laminarin. aklam36 showed higher activity toward be ... | 2010 | 19883786 |
| in vitro screening of natural feed additives from crustaceans, diatoms, seaweeds and plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. | eight natural products from animal, unicellular algae, brown seaweed and plant origins were chosen according to their theoretical antimicrobial activity: diatomaceous earths (de), insoluble chitosan (ichi), soluble chitosan (chi), seaweed meal (swm), ascophyllum nodosum (asc), laminaria digitata (lam), neem oil (noil) and an ivy fruit extract rich in saponins (ivy). dose-response incubations were conducted to determine their effect on rumen fermentation pattern and gas production, while their an ... | 2016 | 26441121 |
| modelling a demand driven biogas system for production of electricity at peak demand and for production of biomethane at other times. | four feedstocks were assessed for use in a demand driven biogas system. biomethane potential (bmp) assays were conducted for grass silage, food waste, laminaria digitata and dairy cow slurry. semi-continuous trials were undertaken for all feedstocks, assessing biogas and biomethane production. three kinetic models of the semi-continuous trials were compared. a first order model most accurately correlated with gas production in the pulse fed semi-continuous system. this model was developed for pr ... | 2016 | 27240240 |
| green energy from marine algae: biogas production and composition from the anaerobic digestion of irish seaweed species. | marine algae have emerged as an alternative feedstock for the production of a number of renewable fuels, including biogas. in addition to energy potential, other characteristics make them attractive as an energy source, including their ability to absorb carbon dioxide (co2), higher productivity rates than land-based crops and the lack of water use or land competition. for ireland, biofuels from marine algae can play an important role by reducing imports of fossil fuels as well as providing the n ... | 2013 | 24350482 |
| a systematic review of anti-obesity medicinal plants - an update. | obesity is the most prevalent health problem affecting all age groups, and leads to many complications in the form of chronic heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 and stroke. a systematic review about safety and efficacy of herbal medicines in the management of obesity in human was carried out by searching bibliographic data bases such as, pubmed, scopus, google scholar, web of science, and iranmedex, for studies reported between 30th december 2008 to 23rd april 2012 on human or animals, inve ... | 2013 | 23777875 |
| toxic elements and speciation in seafood samples from different contaminated sites in europe. | the presence of cadmium (cd), lead (pb), mercury (thg), methylmercury (mehg), arsenic (tas), inorganic arsenic (ias), cobalt (co), copper (cu), zinc (zn), nickel (ni), chromium (cr) and iron (fe) was investigated in seafood collected from european marine ecosystems subjected to strong anthropogenic pressure, i.e. hotspot areas. different species (mytilus galloprovincialis, n=50; chamelea gallina, n=50; liza aurata, n=25; platichthys flesus, n=25; laminaria digitata, n=15; and saccharina latissim ... | 2015 | 26411778 |
| evaluation of the anticoagulant potential of polysaccharide-rich fractions extracted from macroalgae. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anticoagulant activity of sulphated polysaccharide-containing extracts of six french edible marine macroalgae. aqueous extracts of brown (himanthalia elongata, laminaria digitata, ascophyllum nodosum, fucus vesiculosus), green (ulva lactuca) and red (chondrus crispus) macroalgae were prepared and their biochemical properties were determined, including major biomolecules, sulphate and ash contents. the anticoagulant activity of each extract was ... | 2017 | 28147712 |
| essential and toxic elements in seaweeds for human consumption. | essential elements (k, ca, p, s, cl, mn, fe, cu, zn, ni, br, and i) and nonessential or toxic elements (al, ti, si, rb, sr, as, cd, sn, and pb) were determined by energy-dispersive polarized x-ray fluorescence spectrometry in 14 seaweeds purchased in local specialty stores in italy and consumed by humans. the differences in elements between the algae species reached up to 2-4 orders of magnitude. lithothamnium calcareum showed the highest levels of ca, al, si, fe, and ti. palmaria palmata showed ... | 2016 | 26817952 |
| application of mass spectrometric techniques for the trace analysis of short-lived iodine-containing volatiles emitted by seaweed. | knowledge of the composition and emission rates of iodine-containing volatiles from major widespread seaweed species is important for modeling the impact of halogens on gas-phase atmospheric chemistry, new particle formation, and climate. in this work, we present the application of mass spectrometric techniques for the quantification of short-lived iodine-containing volatiles emitted by eight different seaweeds from the intertidal zone of helgoland, germany. a previously developed online time-of ... | 2012 | 22227744 |
| new members of the glutathione transferase family discovered in red and brown algae. | the gsts (glutathione transferases) are involved in the detoxification of a wide variety of hydrophobic substrates. these enzymes have been found in virtually all types of organisms, including plants, animals, nematodes and bacteria. in the present study, we report the molecular and biochemical characterization of algal gsts. phylogenetic analysis showed that most of them were distinct from previously described gst classes, but were most closely related to the sigma class. profiling of gst genes ... | 2008 | 18315526 |
| distribution of carbonic anhydrase in british marine macroalgae. | thirty-four species of marine macroalgae from around st. andrews, scotland, have been assayed for their external activity and thirty-three species for their total activity of carbonic anhydrase. activity was detected in all the rhodophyta tested apart from chondrus crispus, but was absent in codium fragile, enteromorpha sp. and monostroma fuscum (chlorophyta), and alaria esculenta, laminaria digitata, l. saccharina and l. hyperborea (phaeophyta). total activity of carbonic anhydrase per unit fre ... | 1989 | 28312650 |
| zinc concentrations in marine macroalgae and a lichen from western ireland in relation to phylogenetic grouping, habitat and morphology. | zinc concentrations in 19 species of marine macroalgae and a lichen from western ireland (spiddal, co. galway) were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. algae were collected from a single site but occupied different shore levels and belonged to distinct phylogenetic groupings and to different (previously recognised) morphological groups. concentrations ranged from 15-115 microg g(-1) dry weight. the greatest variation in concentration occurred amongst the red algal species, containin ... | 2004 | 15111037 |
| occurrence of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in macroalgaes, bivalves, and fish from coastal areas in europe. | the occurrence and levels of phacs, endocrine disrupting and related compounds (edcs) in seafood from potential contaminated areas in europe has been studied. macroalgae (saccharina latissima and laminaria digitata), bivalves (mytilus galloprovincialis, mytilus spp., chamalea gallina and crassostrea gigas) and fish (liza aurata and platichthys flesus) from portugal, spain, italy, netherlands, and norway were analysed following 4 different analytical protocols depending on the organism and target ... | 2015 | 26409498 |
| comparison of mechanical properties of four large, wave-exposed seaweeds. | seaweeds have a simple structural design compared to most terrestrial plants. nonetheless, some species have adapted to the severe mechanical conditions of the surf zone. the material properties of either tissue sections or the whole stipe of four wave-exposed seaweeds, durvillaea antarctica, d. willana, laminaria digitata, and l. hyperborea, were tested in tension, bending, and torsion. durvillaea has a very low modulus of elasticity in tension (e(tension) = 3-7 mn·m(-2)) and in bending (e(bend ... | 2006 | 21642089 |
| seasonal variations in nitrate reductase activity and internal n pools in intertidal brown algae are correlated with ambient nitrate concentrations. | nitrogen metabolism was examined in the intertidal seaweeds fucus vesiculosus, fucus serratus, fucus spiralis and laminaria digitata in a temperate irish sea lough. internal no(3) (-) storage, total n content and nitrate reductase activity (nra) were most affected by ambient no(3) (-), with highest values in winter, when ambient no(3) (-) was maximum, and declined with no(3) (-) during summer. in all species, nra was six times higher in winter than in summer, and was markedly higher in fucus spe ... | 2007 | 17470152 |
| longitudinal profiles of carbon dioxide fixation capacities in marine macroalgae. | fucus serratus l., fucus spiralis l., and fucus vesiculosus l. (fucales, phaeophyceae) as well as laminaria digitata (huds.) lamour., laminaria hyperborea (gunn.) fosl., and laminaria saccharina (l.) lamour. (laminariales, phaeophyceae) have been investigated for the distribution of enzymic co(2) fixation capacities via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ec 4.1.1.32) (pep-ck) and via ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (ec 4.1.1.39) (rubp-c) in different regions of the thalli. the maximum of p ... | 1978 | 16660467 |
| β-1,3-glucans are components of brown seaweed (phaeophyceae) cell walls. | lamp is a cell wall-directed monoclonal antibody (mab) that recognizes a β-(1,3)-glucan epitope. it has primarily been used in the immunolocalization of callose in vascular plant cell wall research. it was generated against a brown seaweed storage polysaccharide, laminarin, although it has not often been applied in algal research. we conducted in vitro (glycome profiling of cell wall extracts) and in situ (immunolabeling of sections) studies on the brown seaweeds fucus vesiculosus (fucales) and ... | 2017 | 27562783 |
| [effect of fucoidans isolated from seaweeds laminaria digitata and fucus vesiculosus on cell lines hela g-63, ecv 304 and pc 12]. | the aim of the research was to investigate cytotoxicity of fucoidans on mammals cells. three different samples of fucoidans were isolated from mechanically grounded brown algae laminaria digitata and fucus ve- siculosus. the sample f2 that differed from the others by higher sulfatation level and suppression of hela g-63 line culture growth was taken for further study in cell lines hela g-63, ecv 304 and pc 12. we have shown that fucoidan preparation f2 inhibits proliferation and induces cell dea ... | 2015 | 26863772 |
| characterization of protein, lipid and mineral contents in common norwegian seaweeds and evaluation of their potential as food and feed. | the objectives of this study were to examine protein and amino acid composition, lipid and fatty acid composition, along with a range of essential minerals in common norwegian seaweed species representing the red (palmaria palmata and vertebrata lanosa), green (cladophora rupestris, enteromorpha intestinalis and ulva lactuca) and brown (alaria esculenta, laminaria digitata, laminaria hyperborea, fucus vesiculosus and pelvetia canaliculata) classes and assess their potential as alternatives to ce ... | 2014 | 24700148 |
| physiological responses of intertidal marine brown algae to nitrogen deprivation and resupply of nitrate and ammonium. | intertidal macroalgae fucus and laminaria experience seasonally fluctuating inorganic n supply. this study examined the effects of long-term n deprivation, recovery following n resupply, and effects of elevated ammonium and nitrate exposure on n acquisition in intertidal algae using manipulations of n supply in tank culture. over 15 weeks of n deprivation, internal n and nitrate reductase activity (nra) declined, but maximum quantum yield of psii was unaffected in fucus serratus and fucus vesicu ... | 2009 | 19220777 |
| classification of macroalgae as fuel and its thermochemical behaviour. | a preliminary classification of five macroalgae from the british isles; fucus vesiculosus, chorda filum, laminaria digitata, fucus serratus, laminaria hyperborea, and macrocystis pyrifera from south america, has been presented in terms of a van krevelen diagram. the macroalgae have been characterised for proximate and ultimate analysis, inorganic content, and calorific value. the different options for thermal conversion and behaviour under combustion and pyrolysis have been evaluated and compare ... | 2008 | 18194859 |
| the potential for kelp manufacture to lead to arsenic pollution of remote scottish islands. | burning seaweed to produce kelp, valued for its high potash and soda content, was formerly a significant industry in remote coastal areas of scotland and elsewhere. given the high concentrations of arsenic in seaweeds, up to 100 mg kg(-1), this study investigates the possibility that the kelp industry caused arsenic contamination of these pristine environments. a series of laboratory-scale seaweed burning experiments was conducted, and analysis of the products using hplc icp-ms shows that at lea ... | 2006 | 16620906 |
| complete mitochondrial genomes of the three brown algae (heterokonta: phaeophyceae) dictyota dichotoma, fucus vesiculosus and desmarestia viridis. | we report the complete mitochondrial sequences of three brown algae (dictyota dichotoma, fucus vesiculosus and desmarestia viridis) belonging to three phaeophycean lineages. they have circular mapping organization and contain almost the same set of mitochondrial genes, despite their size differences (31,617, 36,392 and 39,049 bp, respectively). these include the genes for three rrnas (23s, 16s and 5s), 25-26 trnas, 35 known mitochondrial proteins and 3-4 orfs. this gene set complements two previ ... | 2006 | 16317568 |
| biotransformation and accumulation of arsenic in soil amended with seaweed. | for many coastal regions of the world, it has been common practice to apply seaweed to the land as a soil improver and fertilizer. seaweed is rich in arsenosugars and has a tissue concentration of arsenic up to 100 micro/g g(-1). these arsenic species are relatively nontoxic to humans; however, in the environment they may accumulate in the soil and decompose to more toxic arsenic species. the aim of this study was to determine the fate and biotransformation of these arsenosugars in soil using hp ... | 2003 | 12666926 |
| enzymatic properties of β-1,3-glucanase from streptomyces sp mo. | streptomyces sp mo endo-β-1,3-glucanase was found to have hydrolyzing activity toward curdlan and released laminarioligosaccharides selectively. the molecular weight was estimated to be 36000 da and its n-terminal amino acid sequence was vtppdisvtn. the optimal ph was 6 and the enzyme was found to be stable from ph 5 to 8. the optimal temperature was 60 °c and the activity was stable below 50 °c. the enzyme hydrolyzed selectively curdlan containing only β-1,3 linkages. the enzyme had 89% relativ ... | 2013 | 23560994 |
| seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the bioenergy feedstock laminaria digitata for thermochemical conversion. | to avoid negative impacts on food production, novel non-food biofuel feedstocks need to be identified and utilised. one option is to utilise marine biomass, notably fast-growing, large marine 'plants' such as the macroalgal kelps. this paper reports on the changing composition of laminaria digitata throughout it growth cycle as determined by new technologies. the potential of laminaria sp. as a feedstock for biofuel production and future biorefining possibilities was assessed through proximate a ... | 2011 | 20685112 |