| erwinia pyrifoliae sp. nov., a novel pathogen that affects asian pear trees (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) | a novel pathogen from asian pears (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) was analysed by sequencing the 16s rdna and the adjacent intergenic region, and the data were compared to related enterobacteriaceae. the 16s rdna of the asian pear pathogen was almost identical with the sequence of erwinia amylovora, in contrast to the 16s-23s rrna intergenic transcribed spacer region of both species. a dendrogram was deduced from determined sequences of the spacer regions including those of several related species such ... | 1999 | 10319516 |
| molecular comparison of pathogenic bacteria from pear trees in japan and the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | several strains of the genus erwinia, which were isolated in japan from pear trees with necrotic symptoms that resembled fire blight, and tentatively identified as erwinia amylovora, were reinvestigated for their relationship to the fire blight pathogen. these isolates produced ooze on slices of immature pears and were mucoid on mm2cu agar plates, but did not synthesize levan and did not give the expected pcr signals with several primer pairs specific for erwinia amylovora. the isolates tested p ... | 2001 | 11700346 |
| relatedness of chromosomal and plasmid dnas of erwinia pyrifoliae and erwinia amylovora. | the plant pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae has been classified as a separate species from erwinia amylovora based in part on differences in molecular properties. in this study, these and other molecular properties were examined for e. pyrifoliae and for additional strains of e. amylovora, including strains from brambles (rubus spp.). the nucleotide composition of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region was determined for six of the seven 16s-23s rrna operons detected in these species with a 16s ... | 2002 | 12450843 |
| genetics of biosynthesis and structure of the capsular exopolysaccharide from the asian pear pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae. | erwinia pyrifoliae is a novel bacterial pathogen, which causes asian pear blight and is related to erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. e. pyrifoliae produces exopolysaccharide (eps) related to amylovoran in its sugar composition and sugar linkages. this was shown by degradation of the eps with a viral depolymerase, and by methylation analysis and esi/ms. the structure of the repeating units was confirmed by (1)h-nmr spectra. the eps of e. pyrifoliae carried side chains, which ... | 2002 | 12480905 |
| molecular characterization of natural erwinia pyrifoliae strains deficient in hypersensitive response. | from necrotic tissue of a nashi pear tree, 24 erwinia pyrifoliae strains, found to be identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, were isolated. thirteen strains were not virulent on immature pears and did not induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco leaves. the defective gene hrpl was complemented with intact genes from e. pyrifoliae and erwinia amylovora. | 2003 | 12514060 |
| molecular differentiation of erwinia amylovora strains from north america and of two asian pear pathogens by analyses of pfge patterns and hrpn genes. | in order to determine a possible genomic divergence of erwinia amylovora'fruit tree' and raspberry strains from north america, several isolates were differentiated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis, the size of short dna sequence repeats (ssrs) and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of their hrpn genes. by pfge analysis european strains are highly related, whereas strains from north america were diverse and were further distinguished by the ssr numbers from plasmid ... | 2004 | 15049921 |
| genetic differences between blight-causing erwinia species with differing host specificities, identified by suppression subtractive hybridization. | pcr-based subtractive hybridization was used to isolate sequences from erwinia amylovora strain ea110, which is pathogenic on apples and pears, that were not present in three closely related strains with differing host specificities: e. amylovora mr1, which is pathogenic only on rubus spp.; erwinia pyrifoliae ep1/96, the causal agent of shoot blight of asian pears; and erwinia sp. strain ejp556, the causal agent of bacterial shoot blight of pear in japan. in total, six subtractive libraries were ... | 2006 | 16963554 |
| autoinducer-2 of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora and other plant-associated bacteria. | autoinducers are important for cellular communication of bacteria. the luxs gene has a central role in the synthesis of autoinducer-2 (ai-2). the gene was identified in a shotgun library of erwinia amylovora and primers designed for pcr amplification from bacterial dna. supernatants of several erwinia amylovora strains were assayed for ai-2 activity with a vibrio harveyi mutant and were positive. many other plant-associated bacteria also showed ai-2 activity such as erwinia pyrifoliae and erwini ... | 2007 | 17092294 |
| transgenic tobacco expressing the hrpn(ep) gene from erwinia pyrifoliae triggers defense responses against botrytis cinerea. | hrpn(ep), from the gram-negative pathogen, erwinia pyrifoliae, is a member of the harpin group of proteins, inducing pathogen resistance and hypersensitive cell death in plants. when the hrpn(ep) gene driven by the oscc1 promoter was introduced into tobacco plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation, their resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, botrytis cinerea, increased. resistance to b. cinerea was correlated with enhanced induction of sa-dependent genes such as pr-1a, pr2, pr3 ... | 2007 | 17978576 |
| genetic organization of the hrp genes cluster in erwinia pyrifoliae and characterization of hr active domains in hrpnep protein by mutational analysis. | the disease-specific (dsp) region and the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes, including the hrpw, hrpnep, and hrpc operons have previously been sequenced in erwinia pyrifoliae wt3 [shrestha et al. (2005a)]. in this study, the remaining hrp genes, including the hrpc, hrpa, hrps, hrpxy, hrpl and hrpj operons, were determined. the hrp genes cluster (ca. 38 kb) was comprised of eight transcriptional units and contained nine hrc (hrp conserved) genes. the genetic organization of th ... | 2008 | 18319611 |
| complete genome of the broad-host-range erwinia amylovora phage phiea21-4 and its relationship to salmonella phage felix o1. | the first complete genome sequence for a myoviridal bacteriophage, phiea21-4, infecting erwinia amylovora, erwinia pyrifoliae, and pantoea agglomerans strains has been determined. the unique sequence of this terminally redundant, circularly permuted genome is 84,576 bp. the phiea21-4 genome has a gc content of 43.8% and contains 117 putative protein-coding genes and 26 trna genes. phiea21-4 is the first phage in which a precisely conserved rho-independent terminator has been found dispersed thro ... | 2009 | 19181832 |
| a polyphasic approach assigns the pathogenic erwinia strains from diseased pear trees in japan to erwinia pyrifoliae. | bacterial shoot blight of pear in japan (bsbp) is caused by erwinia strains which were formerly associated with the species erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. the description of erwinia pyrifoliae as a pear pathogen in korea renewed a possible connection of the pear pathogens in both countries. | 2009 | 19187512 |
| complete genome sequence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae dsm 12163t and comparative genomic insights into plant pathogenicity. | erwinia pyrifoliae is a newly described necrotrophic pathogen, which causes fire blight on asian (nashi) pear and is geographically restricted to eastern asia. relatively little is known about its genetics compared to the closely related main fire blight pathogen e. amylovora. | 2010 | 20047678 |
| erwinia piriflorinigrans sp. nov., a novel pathogen that causes necrosis of pear blossoms. | eight erwinia strains, isolated from necrotic pear blossoms in valència, spain, were compared with reference strains of erwinia amylovora and erwinia pyrifoliae, both of which are pathogenic to species of pear tree, and to other species of the family enterobacteriaceae using a polyphasic approach. phenotypic analyses clustered the novel isolates into one phenon, distinct from other species of the genus erwinia, showing that the novel isolates constituted a homogeneous phenotypic group. rep-pcr p ... | 2011 | 20382791 |
| the omptins of yersinia pestis and salmonella enterica cleave the reactive center loop of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. | plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (pai-1) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) and a key molecule that regulates fibrinolysis by inactivating human plasminogen activators. here we show that two important human pathogens, the plague bacterium yersinia pestis and the enteropathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, inactivate pai-1 by cleaving the r346-m347 bait peptide bond in the reactive center loop. no cleavage of pai-1 was detected with yersinia pseudotuberculosis, an oral/fecal pat ... | 2010 | 20639337 |
| evolutionary insights from erwinia amylovora genomics. | evolutionary genomics is coming into focus with the recent availability of complete sequences for many bacterial species. a hypothesis on the evolution of virulence factors in the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight, was generated using comparative genomics with the genomes e. amylovora, erwinia pyrifoliae and erwinia tasmaniensis. putative virulence factors were mapped to the proposed genealogy of the genus erwinia that is based on phylogenetic and genomic data. ... | 2010 | 21040749 |
| molecular adaptation of a plant-bacterium outer membrane protease towards plague virulence factor pla. | omptins are a family of outer membrane proteases that have spread by horizontal gene transfer in gram-negative bacteria that infect vertebrates or plants. despite structural similarity, the molecular functions of omptins differ in a manner that reflects the life style of their host bacteria. to simulate the molecular adaptation of omptins, we applied site-specific mutagenesis to make epo of the plant pathogenic erwinia pyrifoliae exhibit virulence-associated functions of its close homolog, the p ... | 2011 | 21310089 |
| molecular and physiological properties of bacteriophages from north america and germany affecting the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | for possible control of fire blight affecting apple and pear trees, we characterized erwinia amylovora phages from north america and germany. the genome size determined by electron microscopy (em) was confirmed by sequence data and major coat proteins were identified from gel bands by mass spectroscopy. by their morphology from em data, fea1h and fea100 were assigned to the podoviridae and fea104 and fea116 to the myoviridae. host ranges were essentially confined to e. amylovora, strains of the ... | 2011 | 21791029 |
| erwinia uzenensis sp. nov., a novel pathogen that affects european pear trees (pyrus communis l.). | bacteria were isolated from black lesions on shoots of european pear (pyrus communis) trees in an orchard in japan this novel pathogen has been characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods, which suggested that it should belong to the genus erwinia but might not correspond to either erwinia amylovora or erwinia pyrifoliae (mizuno et al., 2010). the phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rdna, gyrb and rpod sequences indicated that it could not be assigned to any regognized species of the genus. d ... | 2011 | 21986725 |
| detection of erwinia species from the apple and pear flora by mass spectroscopy of whole cells and with novel pcr primers. | to detect the apple and pear pathogens erwinia amylovora and erwinia pyrifoliae as well as the related epiphytes erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae, we created novel pcr primers and also applied them to a series of other plant-associated bacteria as control. to facilitate fast diagnosis, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). | 2012 | 21973322 |
| comparative genomics of japanese erwinia pyrifoliae strain ejp617 with closely related erwinias. | japanese erwinia pyrifoliae strains cause bacterial shoot blight of pear (bsbp) in japan. the genetics of japanese erwinia remains largely unknown relative to the abundant genomic information available for other erwinia strains. we compared the genome of japanese and korean e. pyrifoliae strains along with those of e. amylovora and e. tasmaniensis. comparisons with the korean e. pyrifoliae strain revealed numerous gene insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and inversions in the central regions o ... | 2012 | 23517317 |
| draft genomes, phylogenetic reconstruction, and comparative genomics of two novel cohabiting bacterial symbionts isolated from frankliniella occidentalis. | obligate bacterial symbionts are widespread in many invertebrates, where they are often confined to specialized host cells and are transmitted directly from mother to progeny. increasing numbers of these bacteria are being characterized but questions remain about their population structure and evolution. here we take a comparative genomics approach to investigate two prominent bacterial symbionts (bfo1 and bfo2) isolated from geographically separated populations of western flower thrips, frankli ... | 2015 | 26185096 |
| differentiation of erwinia amylovora and erwinia pyrifoliae strains with single nucleotide polymorphisms and by synthesis of dihydrophenylalanine. | fire blight has spread from north america to new zealand, europe, and the mediterranean region. we were able to differentiate strains from various origins with a novel pcr method. three single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the erwinia amylovora genome were characteristic of isolates from north america and could distinguish them from isolates from other parts of the world. they were derived from the gale, acrb, and hrpa genes of strains ea273 and ea1/79. these genes were analyzed by conventi ... | 2012 | 22538467 |
| expression of lysozymes from erwinia amylovora phages and erwinia genomes and inhibition by a bacterial protein. | genes coding for lysozyme-inhibiting proteins (ivy) were cloned from the chromosomes of the plant pathogens erwinia amylovora and erwinia pyrifoliae. the product interfered not only with activity of hen egg white lysozyme, but also with an enzyme from e. amylovora phage φea1h. we have expressed lysozyme genes from the genomes of three erwinia species in escherichia coli. the lysozymes expressed from genes of the e. amylovora phages φea104 and φea116, erwinia chromosomes and arabidopsis thaliana ... | 2012 | 22456518 |
| variations in the molecular masses of the capsular exopolysaccharides amylovoran, pyrifolan and stewartan. | erwinia amylovora, causing fire blight of apple, pear and some ornamentals, erwinia pyrifoliae, causing asian pear blight, and pantoea stewartii, causing stewart's wilt of sweet maize, synthesize capsular extracellular polysaccharides (epss) with a high molecular mass. the epss are virulence factors and form viscous aggregates, which participate in clogging vessels of infected plants and causing wilting. the sizes of epss produced under different environmental growth conditions were determined b ... | 2012 | 22266385 |
| characterisation of the stbd/e toxin-antitoxin system of pep36, a plasmid of the plant pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae. | pep36 is a plasmid ubiquitously present in erwinia pyrifoliae, a pathogen which causes black stem blight of asian pear. pep36 is highly stable in its host, even in the absence of selective pressure. the plasmid is closely related to pea29, which is widespread in e. amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight of apple and pear trees. here we report that pep36 possesses a functional hybrid toxin-antitoxin module, stbd/e(pep36), with the toxin showing homology to the rele/pare proteins and the an ... | 2013 | 23632277 |
| prevalence, host range, and comparative genomic analysis of temperate ochrobactrum phages. | ochrobactrum and brucella are closely related bacteria that populate different habitats and differ in their pathogenic properties. only little is known about mobile genetic elements in these genera which might be important for survival and virulence. previous studies on brucella lysogeny indicated that active phages are rare in this genus. to gain insight into the presence and nature of prophages in ochrobactrum, temperate phages were isolated from various species and characterized in detail. in ... | 2017 | 28713341 |