| ecological distribution of chikungunya haemagglutination inhibition antibodies in human and domestic animals in nigeria. | a serological survey to detect presence of antibodies to chikungunya virus in 477 human sera randomly sampled from four ecological zones of nigeria was carried out employing a haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. similarly 220 animal sera collected mostly from the northern parts of nigeria were screened for hi antibody to chikungunya virus. of the 477 human sera tested a total of 68 or 14.3% were found to possess chikungunya hi antibodies made up of 10% in swampy forest, 20% in the rain fores ... | 1991 | 1667829 |
| growth of igbo-ora virus in some tissue cultures. | vero, mrc5, mdck, and ma104 cells were tested for their ability to support the growth of igbo-ora virus. in vero and mrc5 cell cultures the virus replicated to high titres causing apparent cytopathic effects (cpe) (cell rounding and complete lysis) and formation of complement fixing antigens. the virus grew to lower infectious titre in mdck and ma104 cell cultures in which cpe was limited to cell rounding only. | 1990 | 1981449 |
| [a rural epidemic of igbo ora virus (with interhuman transmission) in the ivory coast 1984-1985]. | the first outbreak caused by igbo ora virus is described. virus circulation has been demonstrated up on thirty-three sick persons in yamoussoukro area (ivory coast). | 1988 | 2846194 |
| igbo-ora virus (an alphavirus isolated in nigeria): a serological survey for haemagglutination inhibiting antibody in humans and domestic animals. | sera from humans and animals were tested for antibodies to igbo-ora virus by the haemagglutination-inhibition test. prevalence in the human population (3.6%) was lower than that in the animal population (24.5%) in the same locality. no antibodies were detected in persons less than 20 years of age; the highest prevalence of antibodies was found in those above 40 years old. among the animal species examined, cattle showed the highest prevalence (40%) of antibodies to igbo-ora virus. the potential ... | 1988 | 2855769 |
| emergence of epidemic o'nyong-nyong fever in uganda after a 35-year absence: genetic characterization of the virus. | o'nyong-nyong (onn) virus is an alphavirus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus) classified in the semliki forest virus (sfv) antigenic complex. onn was initially isolated in northern uganda in 1959 during the early stages of an explosive arbovirus epidemic in which > 2 million cases were reported. no additional epidemics or human isolations of onn were reported until 1996, when it was isolated from an epidemic in southern uganda. we report the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequenc ... | 1998 | 9875334 |
| arbovirus of marine mammals: a new alphavirus isolated from the elephant seal louse, lepidophthirus macrorhini. | a novel alphavirus was isolated from the louse lepidophthirus macrorhini, collected from southern elephant seals, mirounga leonina, on macquarie island, australia. the virus displayed classic alphavirus ultrastructure and appeared to be serologically different from known australasian alphaviruses. nearly all macquarie island elephant seals tested had neutralizing antibodies against the virus, but no virus-associated pathology has been identified. antarctic division personnel who have worked exte ... | 2001 | 11287559 |
| relationship of sars-cov to other pathogenic rna viruses explored by tetranucleotide usage profiling. | the exact origin of the cause of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is still an open question. the genomic sequence relationship of sars-cov with 30 different single-stranded rna (ssrna) viruses of various families was studied using two non-standard approaches. both approaches began with the vectorial profiling of the tetra-nucleotide usage pattern v for each virus. in approach one, a distance measure of a vector v, based on correlation coefficient was devised to construct a relationsh ... | 2003 | 14499005 |
| a family of mammalian e3 ubiquitin ligases that contain the ubr box motif and recognize n-degrons. | a subset of proteins targeted by the n-end rule pathway bear degradation signals called n-degrons, whose determinants include destabilizing n-terminal residues. our previous work identified mouse ubr1 and ubr2 as e3 ubiquitin ligases that recognize n-degrons. such e3s are called n-recognins. we report here that while double-mutant ubr1(-/-) ubr2(-/-) mice die as early embryos, the rescued ubr1(-/-) ubr2(-/-) fibroblasts still retain the n-end rule pathway, albeit of lower activity than that of w ... | 2005 | 16055722 |
| phylogenetic analysis of buggy creek virus: evidence for multiple clades in the western great plains, united states of america. | we present the first detailed phylogenetic analysis of buggy creek virus (bcrv), a poorly known alphavirus with transmission cycles involving a cimicid swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius) vector and cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) as the principal avian hosts. nucleotide sequences of a 2,075-bp viral envelope glycoprotein-coding region, covering the entire pe2 gene, were determined for 33 bcrv isolates taken from swallow bugs at cliff swallow colonies ... | 2006 | 16936062 |
| functions of the stem region of the semliki forest virus fusion protein during virus fusion and assembly. | membrane fusion of the alphaviruses is mediated by the e1 protein, a class ii virus membrane fusion protein. during fusion, e1 dissociates from its heterodimer interaction with the e2 protein and forms a target membrane-inserted e1 homotrimer. the structure of the homotrimer is that of a trimeric hairpin in which e1 domain iii and the stem region fold back toward the target membrane-inserted fusion peptide loop. the e1 stem region has a strictly conserved length and several highly conserved resi ... | 2006 | 16971447 |
| production and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive to chikungunya envelope e2 glycoprotein. | chikungunya fever is an arbovirosis of major impact in public health in asia and africa. chikungunya (chik) virus is member of the genus alphavirus and belongs to the semliki forest (sf) antigenic complex. we describe for the first time a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive to chik envelope e2 glycoprotein. for the screening of e2-specific mabs, we expressed a recombinant soluble chik e2 protein in drosophila s2 cells. analyzed by immunological methods, mabs 3c3, 3e4, and 8a4 were sel ... | 2008 | 17949772 |
| e1 mutants identify a critical region in the trimer interface of the semliki forest virus fusion protein. | the alphavirus semliki forest virus (sfv) uses a membrane fusion reaction to infect host cells. fusion of the virus and cell membranes is triggered by low ph in the endosome and is mediated by the viral membrane protein e1. during fusion, e1 inserts into the target membrane, trimerizes, and refolds into a hairpin conformation. formation of the e1 homotrimer is critical to membrane fusion, but the mechanism of trimerization is not understood. the crystal structure of the postfusion e1 trimer show ... | 2009 | 19692469 |
| fatal human case of western equine encephalitis, uruguay. | to the editor: the genus alphavirus (family togaviridae) comprises 29 viral species (1), grouped in at least 7 antigenic complexes by their serologic cross-reactivity (2). they are maintained in nature through enzootic cycles involving arthropods as vectors with subsequent amplification in small mammals or birds, and epizootic cycles between mosquitoes and large mammals such as horses or humans. | 2011 | 21529429 |
| global emergence of alphaviruses that cause arthritis in humans. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may cause severe emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, which pose a significant threat to human and animal health in the world today. these infectious diseases range from mild febrile illnesses, arthritis, and encephalitis to haemorrhagic fevers. it is postulated that certain environmental factors, vector competence, and host susceptibility have a major impact on the ecology of arboviral diseases. presently, there is a great interest in the emergence ... | 2015 | 26689654 |
| multi-gene detection and identification of mosquito-borne rna viruses using an oligonucleotide microarray. | arthropod-borne viruses are important emerging pathogens world-wide. viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, such as dengue, yellow fever, and japanese encephalitis viruses, infect hundreds of millions of people and animals each year. global surveillance of these viruses in mosquito vectors using molecular based assays is critical for prevention and control of the associated diseases. here, we report an oligonucleotide dna microarray design, termed arbochip5.1, for multi-gene detection and identifica ... | 2013 | 23967358 |