| reidentification of facultatively alkaliphilic bacillus firmus of4 as bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | with a view toward verifying the original classification of alkaliphilic bacillus firmus of4, physiological and biochemical characteristics were more extensively catalogued than in original studies, and this catalog was supplemented with 16s rdna sequence homology and more extensive dna-dna hybridization analyses. phylogenetic analysis of this alkaliphile based on the comparison of multiple 16s rdna sequences from bacillus species indicated that this strain is most closely related to bacillus ps ... | 2000 | 10741833 |
| two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses of ph-dependent protein expression in facultatively alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 lead to characterization of an s-layer protein with a role in alkaliphily. | the large majority of proteins of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 grown at ph 7.5 and 10.5, as studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses, did not exhibit significant ph-dependent variation. a new surface layer protein (slpa) was identified in these studies. although the prominence of some apparent breakdown products of slpa in gels from ph 10.5-grown cells led to discovery of the alkaliphile s-layer, the largest and major slpa forms were present in large amounts in gels from ... | 2000 | 11029415 |
| deduced amino acid sequence and possible catalytic residues of a thermostable, alkaline cellulase from an alkaliphilic bacillus strain. | alkaliphilic bacillus sp. strain ksm-s237 (a relative of bacillus pseudofirmus) produces a thermostable, alkaline endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (egl). the entire gene for the enzyme harbored a 2,472-bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 824 amino acids, including a 30-aminoacid signal peptide. the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme (794 amino acids, 88,284 da) showed very high similarity to those of family 5 mesophilic, alkaline egls from some alkaliphilic bacilli. the enzyme had a region ... | 2000 | 11193393 |
| the na(+)-dependence of alkaliphily in bacillus. | a na(+) cycle plays a central role in the remarkable capacity of aerobic, extremely alkaliphilic bacillus species for ph homeostasis. the capacity for ph homeostasis, in turn, appears to set the upper ph limit for growth. one limb of the alkaliphile na(+) cycle consists of na(+)/h(+) antiporters that achieve net h(+) accumulation that is coupled to na(+) efflux. the major antiporter on which ph homeostasis depends is thought to be the mrp(sha)-encoded antiporter, first identified from a partial ... | 2001 | 11248197 |
| starch-hydrolyzing bacteria from ethiopian soda lakes. | alkaliphilic bacteria were isolated from soil and water samples obtained from ethiopian soda lakes in the rift valley area--lake shala, lake abijata, and lake arenguadi. starch-hydrolyzing isolates were selected on the basis of their activity on starch agar plate assay. sixteen isolates were chosen, characterized, and subjected to 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. all the isolates were gram positive and catalase- and beta-galactosidase positive. all isolates except one were motile endospore-formi ... | 2001 | 11354457 |
| mrp-dependent na(+)/h(+) antiporters of bacillus exhibit characteristics that are unanticipated for completely secondary active transporters. | the na(+)/h(+) antiport activity encoded by the seven-gene mrp operons of bacillus subtilis and alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 were cloned into a low copy plasmid, were expressed in several escherichia coli mutant strains and compared side-by-side with similarly cloned nhaa, a major secondary antiporter from e. coli. all three antiporter systems exhibited electron donor-dependent antiport in a fluorescence-based vesicle assay, with nhaa being the most active. in whole cells of the same a ... | 2001 | 11356194 |
| improvement of the electro-transformation efficiency of facultatively alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 by high osmolarity and glycine treatment. | an electro-transformation method was established for facultatively alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4. a high osmolarity electroporation medium with a high electric field strength was effective. transformation efficiency improved 110-fold in glycine-treated cells compared to non-glycine-treated cells. under optimum conditions, the transformation efficiency was 1.69 x 10(6) transformants per microg of pub110. | 2001 | 11826976 |
| molecular identification of alkaliphilic and halotolerant strain bacillus sp. ftu as bacillus pseudofirmus ftu. | the systematic position of the alkaliphilic and halotolerant strain bacillus sp. ftu was refined in view of the comprehensive taxonomic revision of the group of alkaliphilic and alkalitolerant bacillus strains. sequence analysis of almost the entire 16s rrna gene of bacillus sp. ftu revealed 99.8% homology with two bacillus pseudofirmus strains. subsequent dna-dna hybridization analysis confirmed the close relationship of bacillus sp. ftu with the type strain of b. pseudofirmus (the level of hom ... | 2002 | 12072954 |
| a tenth atp gene and the conserved atpi gene of a bacillus atp operon have a role in mg2+ uptake. | the atp operon of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4, as in most prokaryotes, contains the eight structural genes for the f-atpase (atp synthase), which are preceded by an atpi gene that encodes a membrane protein of unknown function. a tenth gene, atpz, has been found in this operon, which is upstream of and overlapping with atpi. most bacillus species, and some other bacteria, possess atpz homologues. atpz is predicted to be a membrane protein with a hairpin topology, and was detected by w ... | 2003 | 12917488 |
| mutational loss of a k+ and nh4+ transporter affects the growth and endospore formation of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | a putative transport protein (orf9) of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 belongs to a transporter family (cpa-2) of diverse k+ efflux proteins and cation antiporters. orf9 greatly increased the concentration of k+ required for growth of a k+ uptake mutant of escherichia coli. the cytoplasmic k+ content of the cells was reduced, consistent with an efflux mechanism. orf9-dependent translocation of k+ in e. coli is apparently bidirectional, since ammonium-sensitive uptake of k+ could be shown ... | 2003 | 12923086 |
| replacement of amino acid sequence features of a- and c-subunits of atp synthases of alkaliphilic bacillus with the bacillus consensus sequence results in defective oxidative phosphorylation and non-fermentative growth at ph 10.5. | mitchell's (mitchell, p. (1961) nature 191, 144-148) chemiosmotic model of energy coupling posits a bulk electrochemical proton gradient (deltap) as the sole driving force for proton-coupled atp synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) and for other bioenergetic work. two properties of proton-coupled oxphos by alkaliphilic bacillus species pose a challenge to this tenet: robust atp synthesis at ph 10.5 that does not correlate with the magnitude of the deltap and the failure of artificial ... | 2004 | 15024007 |
| synthesis of alkylgalactosides using whole cells of bacillus pseudofirmus species as catalysts. | whole cells of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus ar-199, induced for beta-galactosidase activity, were used for the synthesis of 1-hexyl-beta-d-galactoside and 1-octyl-beta-d-galactoside, respectively, by transglycosylation reaction between lactose and the corresponding alcohol acceptor. the product yield was strongly influenced by the initial water content in the reaction mixture. water content of 10% (v/v) was optimal providing 3.6-36 mm hexyl galactoside from 10 to 150 mm lactose, and no sec ... | 2004 | 15163518 |
| the voltage-gated na+ channel navbp has a role in motility, chemotaxis, and ph homeostasis of an alkaliphilic bacillus. | the prokaryotic voltage-gated na(+) channel, nachbac, is one of a growing channel superfamily of unknown function. here we show that na(v)bp, the nachbac homologue encoded by ncba in alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4, is a voltage-gated na(+) channel potentiated by alkaline ph. na(v)bp has roles in motility, chemotaxis, and ph homeostasis at high ph. reduced motility of bacteria lacking functional na(v)bp was reversed by restoration of the native channel but not by a mutant na(v)bp engineer ... | 2004 | 15243157 |
| motps is the stator-force generator for motility of alkaliphilic bacillus, and its homologue is a second functional mot in bacillus subtilis. | the stator-force generator that drives na+-dependent motility in alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 is identified here as motps, motab-like proteins with genes that are downstream of the ccpa gene, which encodes a major regulator of carbon metabolism. b. pseudofirmus of4 was only motile at ph values above 8. disruption of motps resulted in a non-motile phenotype, and motility was restored by transformation with a multicopy plasmid containing the motps genes. purified and reconstituted motps ... | 2004 | 15306009 |
| pka of the essential glu54 and backbone conformation for subunit c from the h+-coupled f1f0 atp synthase from an alkaliphilic bacillus. | the conformation of the atp synthase c-subunit and the pka of its essential e54 residue were characterized in alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4. the c-subunit folds as a helix-loop-helix, with inter-helical contacts demonstrated by paramagnetic relaxation effects. the e54 pka of 7.7 is significantly higher than in non-alkaliphiles, which likely prevents proton loss from the c-rotor at high ph. the e54 pka was unchanged in a mutant, cp51a, that has a severe atp synthesis defect at high ph on ... | 2004 | 15388347 |
| uncoupling effect of fatty acids in halo- and alkalotolerant bacterium bacillus pseudofirmus ftu. | natural uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, long-chain non-esterified fatty acids, cause uncoupling in the alkalo- and halotolerant bacterium bacillus pseudofirmus ftu. the uncoupling effect in the bacterial cells was manifested as decrease of membrane potential and increase of respiratory activity. the membrane potential decrease was detected only in bacterial cells exhausted by their endogenous substrates. in proteoliposomes containing reconstituted bacterial cytochrome c oxidase, fatty a ... | 2004 | 15527418 |
| bacillus bogoriensis sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic, halotolerant bacterium isolated from a kenyan soda lake. | strain lbb3(t) isolated from bogoria soda lake in kenya is an alkaliphilic, gram-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, spore-forming bacterium. it was identified as a member of the genus bacillus on the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses. the organism grows optimally at 37 degrees c and ph 10. the g+c content of the genomic dna is 37.5 mol%. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed 95 and 96 % sequence similarity with bacillus pseudofirmus (dsm 8715(t)) and bacillus alcalophilus (dsm ... | 2005 | 15774682 |
| one-step purification and characterization of an alkaline protease from haloalkaliphilic bacillus sp. | an alkaline protease producer haloalkaliphilic bacteria (isolate vel) was isolated from west coast of india. it was related to bacillus pseudofirmus on the basis of 16s r rna gene sequencing, lipid profile and other biochemical properties. the protease secreted by this bacteria was purified 10-fold with 82% yield by a single step method on phenyl sepharose 6 fast flow column. the apparent molecular mass based on the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) was estima ... | 2005 | 15974123 |
| bioenergetics of alkaliphilic bacillus spp. | alkaliphilic microorganisms are widely distributed in nature. among them, several aerobic alkaliphilic bacillus spp. have been studied in terms of their mechanisms of physiological adaptation under an extremely alkaline condition. on the basis of chemiosmotic theories, neutrophiles produce h+ electrochemical potential (deltap), which is the sum of transmembrane ph gradient (deltaph) (alkaline, inside) and membrane potential (deltapsi) (negative, inside), for active transport of solutes, motility ... | 2002 | 16233213 |
| isolation and characterization of a feather-degrading enzyme from bacillus pseudofirmus fa30-01. | we isolated the feather-degrading bacillus pseudofirmus fa30-01 from the soil sample of poultry farm. the isolate completely degraded feather pieces after liquid culture at 30 degrees c (ph 10.5) for 3 days. strain fa30-01 is a gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium and was identified with b. pseudofirmus based on 16s rdna analysis. the keratinase enzyme produced by strain fa30-01 was refined using ammonium sulfate precipitation, negative-ion deae toyopearl exchange chromatography, a ... | 2006 | 16489414 |
| na(+) and flagella-dependent swimming of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4: a basis for poor motility at low ph and enhancement in viscous media in an "up-motile" variant. | flagella-based motility of extremely alkaliphilic bacillus species is completely dependent upon na(+). little motility is observed at ph values < approximately 8.0. here we examine the number of flagella/cell as a function of growth ph in the facultative alkaliphile bacillus pseudofirmus of4 and a derivative selected for increased motility on soft agar plates. flagella were produced by both strains during growth in a ph range from 7.5 to 10.3. the number of flagella/cell and flagellin levels of ... | 2007 | 17165029 |
| interaction between cytochrome caa3 and f1f0-atp synthase of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 is demonstrated by saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry assays. | interaction between the cytochrome caa3 respiratory chain complex and f1f0-atp synthase from extremely alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 has been hypothesized to be required for robust atp synthesis by this alkaliphile under conditions of very low protonmotive force. here, such an interaction was probed by differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and by saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance (stepr). when the two purified complexes were embedded in phospholipid vesicles individu ... | 2007 | 17198401 |
| catalytic properties of staphylococcus aureus and bacillus members of the secondary cation/proton antiporter-3 (mrp) family are revealed by an optimized assay in an escherichia coli host. | monovalent cation proton antiporter-3 (mrp) family antiporters are widely distributed and physiologically important in prokaryotes. unlike other antiporters, they require six or seven hydrophobic gene products for full activity. standard fluorescence-based assays of mrp antiport in membrane vesicles from escherichia coli transformants have not yielded strong enough signals for characterization of antiport kinetics. here, an optimized assay protocol for vesicles of antiporter-deficient e. coli ep ... | 2007 | 17293423 |
| three two-component transporters with channel-like properties have monovalent cation/proton antiport activity. | properties of four two-component bacterial transport systems of the cation/proton antiporter-2 (cpa2) family led to suggestions that this cpa2 subset may use a channel rather than an antiport mechanism [see booth ir, edwards md, gunasekera b, li c, miller s (2005) in bacterial ion channels, eds kubalski a, martinac b (am soc microbiol, washington, dc), pp 21-40]. the transporter subset includes the intensively studied glutathione-gated k(+) efflux systems from escherichia coli, kefgb, and keffc. ... | 2007 | 17679694 |
| the voltage-gated na+ channel navbp co-localizes with methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein at cell poles of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | na(v)bp, found in alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4, is a member of the bacterial voltage-gated na(+) channel superfamily. the alkaliphile requires na(v)bp for normal chemotaxis responses and for optimal ph homeostasis during a shift to alkaline conditions at suboptimally low na(+) concentrations. we hypothesized that interaction of na(v)bp with one or more other proteins in vivo, specifically methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcps), is involved in activation of the channel under the ph ... | 2007 | 18048917 |
| [isolation, identification and characterization of nitrate-reducing and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria]. | bacterial strains cb and cs were isolated from the anoxic sulfide oxidizing (aso) reactor working under steady-state with sulfide and nitrate as electron donor and acceptor, respectively. based on electron microscopy, physiological test and 16s rdna phylogenetic sequence analysis, the isolate cb was very close to bacillus pseudofirmus and the isolate cs was very close to bacillus hemicellulosilytus and bacillus halodurans. the 16s rdna sequences of both isolates were submitted to genbank, ncbi a ... | 2007 | 18271258 |
| study of redox potential in cytochrome c covalently bound to terminal oxidase of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus ftu. | spectroelectrochemistry was used to determine the midpoint redox potentials of heme cofactors of the caa3-type cytochrome oxidase from the alkaliphilic bacterium bacillus pseudofirmus ftu. the apparent midpoint potentials (e(m)(app)) for the most prominent transitions of hemes a and a3 (+193 and +334 mv, respectively) were found to be similar to the values reported for other enzymes with high homology to the caa3-type oxidase. in contrast, the midpoint potential of the covalently bound cytochrom ... | 2008 | 18294138 |
| purification of two putative type ii nadh dehydrogenases with different substrate specificities from alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | a putative type ii nadh dehydrogenase from halobacillus dabanensis was recently reported to have na+/h+ antiport activity (and called nap), raising the possibility of direct coupling of respiration to antiport-dependent ph homeostasis. this study characterized a homologous type ii nadh dehydrogenase of genetically tractable alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4, in which evidence supports antiport-based ph homeostasis that is mediated entirely by secondary antiport. two candidate type ii nadh d ... | 2008 | 18359284 |
| single gene deletions of mrpa to mrpg and mrpe point mutations affect activity of the mrp na+/h+ antiporter of alkaliphilic bacillus and formation of hetero-oligomeric mrp complexes. | mrp antiporters catalyze secondary na(+)(li(+))/h(+) antiport and/or k(+)/h(+) antiport that is physiologically important in diverse bacteria. an additional capacity for anion flux has been observed for a few systems. mrp is unique among antiporters in that it requires all six or seven hydrophobic gene products (mrpa to mrpg) of the mrp operon for full antiporter activity, but mrpe has been reported to be dispensable. here, the membrane complexes formed by mrp proteins were examined using a clon ... | 2008 | 18408029 |
| characterization of the functionally critical axaxaxa and pxxexxp motifs of the atp synthase c-subunit from an alkaliphilic bacillus. | the membrane-embedded rotor in the f(0) sector of proton-translocating atp synthases is formed from hairpin-like c-subunits that are protonated and deprotonated during energization of atp synthesis. this study focuses on two c-subunit motifs that are unique to synthases of extremely alkaliphilic bacillus species. one motif is the axaxaxa sequence found in the n-terminal helix-1 instead of the gxgxgxg of non-alkaliphiles. quadruple a-->g chromosomal mutants of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus o ... | 2009 | 19176524 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray study of alkaline alanine racemase from bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | alanine racemase (dadx(of4)), a dimeric endogenous plp-dependent alkaline enzyme from alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4, was expressed in escherichia coli and purified with a his(6) tag in a form suitable for x-ray crystallographic analysis. crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 291 k using a solution containing 1.4 m sodium/potassium phosphate ph 8.2. the protein crystallized in space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with two protein molecules in the asymmetric unit. | 2009 | 19194012 |
| characterization of endogenous pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent alanine racemase from bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | an open reading frame of 1100 bp in the partially sequenced genome sequence of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 was identified as a putative alanine racemase gene (dadx(of4)), which was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). the encoded protein dadx(of4) was purified to homogeneity by his(6)-tag affinity column, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. the amino acid sequence has highest identity with the known alanine racemase from oceanobacillus iheyensis hte831 (48% ... | 2009 | 19269582 |
| bioprocess development for production of alkaline protease by bacillus pseudofirmus mn6 through statistical experimental designs. | a sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical experimental designs, is employed to enhance the production of alkaline protease by a bacillus pseudofirmus local isolate. to screen the bioprocess parameters significantly influencing the alkaline protease activity, a 2-level plackett-burman design was applied. among 15 variables tested, the ph, peptone, and incubation time were selected based on their high positive significant effect on the protease activity. a nearoptimum medium formula ... | 2009 | 19420994 |
| bacillus marmarensis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, protease-producing bacterium isolated from mushroom compost. | a gram-stain-positive, obligately alkaliphilic bacterium designated strain gmbe 72(t) was isolated from mushroom compost from yalova, located in the marmara region of turkey. cells were aerobic, straight rods and they formed subterminal to terminal ellipsoidal endospores. the isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and motile and contained a type a1gamma peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. the strain grew at ph 8.0-12.5. the major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-c(15 : 0). t ... | 2010 | 19700450 |
| [isolation, identification and enzyme profiling of an alkaliphilic protease producing bacterium]. | to isolate and characterize alkaliphilic bacteria with protease activity. | 2010 | 20344941 |
| single site mutations in the hetero-oligomeric mrp antiporter from alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 that affect na+/h+ antiport activity, sodium exclusion, individual mrp protein levels, or mrp complex formation. | mrp systems are widely distributed and structurally complex cation/proton antiporters. antiport activity requires hetero-oligomeric complexes of all six or seven hydrophobic mrp proteins (mrpa-mrpg). here, a panel of site-directed mutants in conserved or proposed motif residues was made in the mrp na(+)(li(+))/h(+) antiporter from an alkaliphilic bacillus. the mutant operons were expressed in antiporter-deficient escherichia coli knabc and assessed for antiport properties, support of sodium resi ... | 2010 | 20624916 |
| a new type of proton coordination in an f(1)f(o)-atp synthase rotor ring. | we solved the crystal structure of a novel type of c-ring isolated from bacillus pseudofirmus of4 at 2.5 a, revealing a cylinder with a tridecameric stoichiometry, a central pore, and an overall shape that is distinct from those reported thus far. within the groove of two neighboring c-subunits, the conserved glutamate of the outer helix shares the proton with a bound water molecule which itself is coordinated by three other amino acids of outer helices. although none of the inner helices contri ... | 2010 | 20689804 |
| the atp synthase a-subunit of extreme alkaliphiles is a distinct variant: mutations in the critical alkaliphile-specific residue lys-180 and other residues that support alkaliphile oxidative phosphorylation. | a lysine residue in the putative proton uptake pathway of the atp synthase a-subunit is found only in alkaliphilic bacillus species and is proposed to play roles in proton capture, retention and passage to the synthase rotor. here, lys-180 was replaced with alanine (ala), glycine (gly), cysteine (cys), arginine (arg), or histidine (his) in the chromosome of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4. all mutants exhibited octylglucoside-stimulated atpase activity and β-subunit levels at least as hig ... | 2010 | 20716528 |
| atp synthases: cellular nanomotors characterized by lilbid mass spectrometry. | mass spectrometry of membrane protein complexes is still a methodological challenge due to hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the species and the fact that all subunits are bound non-covalently together. the present study with the novel laser induced liquid bead ion desorption mass spectrometry (lilbid-ms) reports on the determination of the subunit composition of the f(1)f(o)-atp synthase from bacillus pseudofirmus of4, that of both bovine heart and, for the first time, of human heart mitocho ... | 2010 | 20820587 |
| mutations in a helix-1 motif of the atp synthase c-subunit of bacillus pseudofirmus of4 cause functional deficits and changes in the c-ring stability and mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | the atp synthase of the alkaliphile bacillus pseudofirmus of4 has a tridecameric c-subunit rotor ring. each c-subunit has an axaxaxa motif near the center of the inner helix, where neutralophilic bacteria generally have a gxgxgxg motif. here, we studied the impact of four single and six multiple ala-to-gly chromosomal mutations in the a16xaxaxa22 motif on the capacity for nonfermentative growth and, for most of the mutants, on atp synthesis by adp- and p(i)-loaded membrane vesicles at ph 7.5 and ... | 2011 | 21568349 |
| diversity, mobility, and structural and functional evolution of group ii introns carrying an unusual 3' extension. | abstract: background: group ii introns are widespread genetic elements endowed with a dual functionality. they are catalytic rnas (ribozymes) that are able of self-splicing and they are also mobile retroelements that can invade genomic dna. the group ii intron rna secondary structure is typically made up of six domains. however, a number of unusual group ii introns carrying a unique extension of 53-56 nucleotides at the 3' end have been identified previously in bacteria of the bacillus cereus ... | 2011 | 22204608 |
| genome of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 reveals adaptations that support the ability to grow in an external ph range from 7.5 to 11.4. | bacillus pseudofirmus of4 is an extreme but facultative alkaliphile that grows non-fermentatively in a ph range from 7.5 to above 11.4 and can withstand large sudden increases in external ph. it is a model organism for studies of bioenergetics at high ph, at which energy demands are higher than at neutral ph because both cytoplasmic ph homeostasis and atp synthesis require more energy. the alkaliphile also tolerates a cytoplasmic ph > 9.0 at external ph values at which the ph homeostasis capacit ... | 2011 | 21951522 |
| identification and characterization of a novel class of extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from bacillus sp. strain nrrl b-14911. | the catalytic, linker, and denatured poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (dphb)-binding domains of bacterial extracellular phb depolymerases (phazs) are classified into several different types. we now report a novel class of extracellular phb depolymerase from bacillus sp. strain nrrl b-14911. its catalytic domain belongs to type 1, whereas its putative linker region neither possesses the sequence features of the three known types of linker domains nor exhibits significant amino acid sequence similarity to ... | 2011 | 21948827 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray study of alanine dehydrogenase from bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | alanine dehydrogenase (of4ald) from the alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 was expressed and purified with a his6 tag in a form suitable for x-ray crystallographic analysis. crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 289 k using a solution consisting of 0.1 m tris-hcl ph 8.0, 0.2 m liso4, 22%(w/v) peg 3350. x-ray diffraction data were collected to 2.8 å resolution. the crystal belonged to the triclinic space group p1, with unit-cell parameters a = 88.04, b = 105.59, c ... | 2013 | 24192355 |
| a novel alkaliphilic bacillus esterase belongs to the 13(th) bacterial lipolytic enzyme family. | microbial derived lipolytic hydrolysts are an important class of biocatalysts because of their huge abundance and ability to display bioactivities under extreme conditions. in spite of recent advances, our understanding of these enzymes remains rudimentary. the aim of our research is to advance our understanding by seeking for more unusual lipid hydrolysts and revealing their molecular structure and bioactivities. | 2013 | 23577139 |
| alkaliphilic bacteria with impact on industrial applications, concepts of early life forms, and bioenergetics of atp synthesis. | alkaliphilic bacteria typically grow well at ph 9, with the most extremophilic strains growing up to ph values as high as ph 12-13. interest in extreme alkaliphiles arises because they are sources of useful, stable enzymes, and the cells themselves can be used for biotechnological and other applications at high ph. in addition, alkaline hydrothermal vents represent an early evolutionary niche for alkaliphiles and novel extreme alkaliphiles have also recently been found in alkaline serpentinizing ... | 2015 | 26090360 |
| bacillus halodurans strain c125 encodes and synthesizes enzymes from both known pathways to form dump directly from cytosine deoxyribonucleotides. | analysis of the genome of bacillus halodurans strain c125 indicated that two pathways leading from a cytosine deoxyribonucleotide to dump, used for dtmp synthesis, were encoded by the genome of the bacterium. the genes that were responsible, the comeb gene and the dcdb gene, encoding dcmp deaminase and the bifunctional dctp deaminase:dutpase (dcd:dut), respectively, were both shown to be expressed in b. halodurans, and both genes were subject to repression by the nucleosides thymidine and deoxyc ... | 2015 | 25746996 |
| a new gh13 α-glucosidase from alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus 703 with both exo-α-l, 4-glucosidase and oligo-l, 6-glucosidase activities toward amylopectin. | debranching of (1, 6)-α-linkages in starch is of great significance as it is widely used in different industries. in recent years, identifying a single potential enzyme that could debranch (1, 6)-α-linkages and cleave (1, 4)-α- linkages brought great interest as amylopectin possessed both (1, 4)-α- and (1, 6)-α-linkages. in the present study, a 64 kda exo-α-l, 4-glucosidase from bacillus pseudofirmus 703, annotated as amy112, was cloned and characterized. biochemical analysis indicated that hete ... | 2017 | 28366860 |
| crystallization and x-ray diffraction of an ectoine hydroxylase from bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | to study crystallization and x-ray diffraction of ectoine hydroxylase from bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | 2015 | 26915228 |
| [cloning, expression and characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase from bacillus pseudofirmus of4]. | to clone and characterize the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) from bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | 2013 | 23858711 |
| roles of atpi and two yidc-type proteins from alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4 in atp synthase assembly and nonfermentative growth. | atpi, a membrane protein encoded by many bacterial atp operons, is reported to be necessary for c-ring oligomer formation during assembly of some atp synthase complexes. we investigated chaperone functions of atpi and compared them to those of atpz, a protein encoded by a gene upstream of atpi that has a role in magnesium acquisition at near-neutral ph, and of spoiiij and yqjg, two yidc/oxai/alb3 family proteins, in alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4. a strain with a chromosomal deletion of ... | 2013 | 23123906 |
| bacillus lindianensis sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic and moderately halotolerant bacterium isolated from saline and alkaline soils. | two alkaliphilic and halotolerant gram-stain positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria, designated strains 12-3(t) and 12-4, were isolated from saline and alkaline soils collected in lindian county, heilongjiang province, china. both strains were observed to grow well at a wide range of temperature and ph values, 10-45 °c and ph 8-12, with optimal growth at 37 °c and ph 9.0, respectively. growth of the two strains was found to occur at total salt concentrations of 0-12 % (w/v), with an ... | 2016 | 26604103 |
| bacillus ligniniphilus sp. nov., an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium isolated from sediments of the south china sea. | an alkaliphilic and halotolerant gram-stain-positive bacterium, which was isolated from sediment samples from the south china sea, was subjected to a taxonomic study. the isolate, strain l1t, grew well at a wide range of temperatures and ph values, 10.0-45.0 °c and ph 6-11, with optima at 30 °c and ph 9.0, respectively. the growth of strain l1t occurred at total salt concentrations of 0-10% (w/v) with an optimum at 2% (w/v). phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna sequence comparison indicated t ... | 2014 | 24554634 |
| paralkalibacillus indicireducens gen., nov., sp. nov., an indigo-reducing obligate alkaliphile isolated from indigo fermentation liquor used for dyeing. | obligately alkaliphilic, indigo-reducing strains, designated bps-1t, bps-2 and bps-3, were isolated from an indigo fermentation liquor used for dyeing, which was produced from sukumo (composted polygonum indigo leaves) obtained from a craft centre in data city, hokkaido, japan, by using medium containing cellulase-treated sukumo. the 16s rrna gene sequence phylogeny suggested that bps-1t has a distinctive position among the alkaliphilic species of the genus bacillus, with its closest neighbours ... | 2017 | 28905696 |
| a conserved residue of l-alanine dehydrogenase from bacillus pseudofirmus, lys-73, participates in the catalytic reaction through hydrogen bonding. | a multiple protein sequence alignment of l-alanine dehydrogenases from different bacterial species revealed that five highly conserved amino acid residues arg-15, lys-73, lys-75, his-96 and asp-269 are potential catalytic residues of l-alanine dehydrogenase from bacillus pseudofirmus of4. in this study, recombinant of4ald and its mutants of five conserved residues were constructed, expressed in escherichia coli, purified by his6-tag affinity column and gel filtration chromatography, structure ho ... | 2018 | 29310857 |
| a ph-stable, detergent and chelator resistant type i pullulanase from bacillus pseudofirmus 703 with high catalytic efficiency. | pullulanase with high catalytic efficiency has attracted great attention from both the academic and industrial communities for its wide application in cold starch hydrolysis. a novel pullulanase gene pul703 was cloned from a mesophilic bacteria bacillus pseudofirmus 703. pul703 was characterized to be a type i pullulanase with maximal activity at 45°c and good low-temperature stability, more than 70% of activity was detected after incubation at 25-35°c for 72h. pul703 obtained the maximal activi ... | 2017 | 29175162 |
| development of media to accelerate the isolation of indigo-reducing bacteria, which are difficult to isolate using conventional media. | indigo-reducing bacteria perform natural fermentation in indigo fermentation fluid. owing to the stochastic nature of the process, the constituent in indigo fermentation fluid differ depending on the prepared batch and fermentation period. to identify new indigo-reducing bacteria, isolation of the bacteria is indispensable. however, isolation of indigo-reducing bacteria is difficult because conventional media are often unsuitable to isolate these slow-growing bacteria that also exist in low numb ... | 2017 | 28585166 |
| microbial communities associated with the anthropogenic, highly alkaline environment of a saline soda lime, poland. | soda lime is a by-product of the solvay soda process for the production of sodium carbonate from limestone and sodium chloride. due to a high salt concentration and alkaline ph, the lime is considered as a potential habitat of haloalkaliphilic and haloalkalitolerant microbial communities. this artificial and unique environment is nutrient-poor and devoid of vegetation, due in part to semi-arid, saline and alkaline conditions. samples taken from the surface layer of the lime and from the depth of ... | 2017 | 28382378 |
| alkaliphilic bacillus species show potential application in concrete crack repair by virtue of rapid spore production and germination then extracellular calcite formation. | characterization of alkaliphilic bacillus species for spore production and germination and calcite formation as a prelude to investigate their potential in microcrack remediation in concrete. | 2017 | 28199767 |
| truncation of the unique n-terminal domain improved the thermos-stability and specific activity of alkaline α-amylase amy703. | high ph condition is of special interest for the potential applications of alkaline α-amylase in textile and detergent industries. thus, there is a continuous demand to improve the amylase's properties to meet the requirements set by specific applications. here we reported the systematic study of modular domain engineering to improve the specific activity and stability of the alkaline α-amylase from bacillus pseudofirmus 703. the specific activity of the n-terminal domain truncated mutant (n-amy ... | 2016 | 26926401 |
| the c-ring ion binding site of the atp synthase from bacillus pseudofirmus of4 is adapted to alkaliphilic lifestyle. | in the c-ring rotor of atp synthases ions are shuttled across the membrane during atp synthesis by a unique rotary mechanism. we investigated characteristics of the c-ring from the alkaliphile bacillus pseudofirmus of4 with respect to evolutionary adaptations to operate with protons at high environmental ph. the x-ray structures of the wild-type c13 ring at ph 9.0 and a 'neutralophile-like' mutant (p51a) at ph 4.4, at 2.4 and 2.8 å resolution, respectively, reveal a dependency of the conformatio ... | 2014 | 24707994 |
| identification and characterization of a novel alkaline α‑amylase amy703 belonging to a new clade from bacillus pseudofirmus. | alkaline α-amylases are of great interest in desizing processes and detergent industries. here, an alkaline α-amylase gene amy703 from an alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus strain was cloned and sequenced. its encoding product, amy703, might represent a new clade of α-amylase family, because it shared only 35 % highest identity with all amylases characterized up to date and was not clustered into any subfamilies with amylase activity in glycoside hydrolase family 13. heterologous expression and ... | 2014 | 24659177 |
| cardiolipin is dispensable for oxidative phosphorylation and non-fermentative growth of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | cardiolipin (cl), a membrane phospholipid in bacteria and mitochondria, has been hypothesized to facilitate movement of protons on the outer surface of membranes in support of respiration-dependent atp synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos). if so, the high levels of membrane cl found in alkaliphilic bacteria, such as bacillus pseudofirmus of4, might facilitate its robust oxphos at ph 10.5, where the bulk protonmotive (pmf) force is low. to address the role of cl in bacillus pseudofirmus ... | 2014 | 24338478 |
| purification and functional reconstitution of a seven-subunit mrp-type na+/h+ antiporter. | mrp antiporters and their homologues in the cation/proton antiporter 3 family of the membrane transporter database are widely distributed in bacteria. they have major roles in supporting cation and cytoplasmic ph homeostasis in many environmental, extremophilic, and pathogenic bacteria. these antiporters require six or seven hydrophobic proteins that form hetero-oligomeric complexes, while most other cation/proton antiporters require only one membrane protein for their activity. the resemblance ... | 2014 | 24142251 |
| the c-ring stoichiometry of atp synthase is adapted to cell physiological requirements of alkaliphilic bacillus pseudofirmus of4. | the c-rings of atp synthases consist of individual c-subunits, all of which harbor a conserved motif of repetitive glycine residues (gxgxgxg) important for tight transmembrane α-helix packing. the c-ring stoichiometry determines the number of ions transferred during enzyme operation and has a direct impact on the ion-to-atp ratio, a cornerstone parameter of cell bioenergetics. in the extreme alkaliphile bacillus pseudofirmus of4, the glycine motif is replaced by axaxaxa. we performed a structura ... | 2013 | 23613590 |
| alkaline extracellular reduction: isolation and characterization of an alkaliphilic and halotolerant bacterium, bacillus pseudofirmus mc02. | to isolate an alkaliphilic bacterium and to investigate its ability of extracellular reduction. | 2012 | 22385319 |