| light and electron microscopic investigation of atpase activity in musculature during anuran tail resorption. | the histochemical activity of adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) was studied at light and electron microscopic levels in larval tail musculature of rana catesbeiana and rana ornativentris during late metamorphic stages. the presence of low, moderate or dark reaction of k2-edta-preincubated ca++-atpase was correlated with the variable degree of degeneration of white fibres even at the late stage of tail resorption. the reasons for an increase in this atpase activity in degenerating white muscle fi ... | 1978 | 153341 |
| antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the japanese mountain brown frog, rana ornativentris. | six peptides with antimicrobial activity were isolated from an extract of freeze-dried skin of the japanese mountain brown frog rana ornativentris. two structurally related peptides (brevinin-20a glfnvfkgalktagkhvagsllnqlkckvsggc, 11 nmol/g dried tissue, and brevinin-20b gifnvfkgalktagkhvagsllnqlkckvsgec, 170 nmol/g) belong to the brevinin-2 family, previously identified in asian and european, but not north american, ranid frogs. four peptides (temporin-10a flpllaslfsrll.nh2, 13 nmol/g; temporin ... | 2001 | 11892844 |
| a family of brevinin-2 peptides with potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa from the skin of the hokkaido frog, rana pirica. | nine peptides displaying varying degrees of antimicrobial activity were extracted from the skin of the hokkaido frog, rana pirica. five structurally related peptides were identified as members of the brevinin-2 family. these peptides were active against reference strains of gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-positive (staphlococcus aureus) bacteria but displayed relatively low hemolytic activity. the most abundant peptid ... | 2004 | 15003829 |
| developmental and thyroid hormone-induced expression of preprotemporin genes in the skin of japanese mountain brown frog rana ornativentris. | temporins are a group of small, highly hydrophobic, antimicrobial peptides widely distributed in the skin of frogs from the ranidae family. in order to examine the mechanisms of regulation of temporin gene expression, we measured expression levels of preprotemporin mrna in the skin of the japanese mountain brown frog rana ornativentris, using a semiquantitative rt-pcr system. preprotemporin mrnas were not detected in skin prior to the onset of metamorphosis but their levels increased markedly du ... | 2009 | 19456397 |
| Phase-II conjugation ability for PAH metabolism in amphibians: Characteristics and inter-species differences. | The present study examines amphibian metabolic activity - particularly conjugation - by analysis of pyrene (a four ring, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector (FD), a mass spectrometry detector (MS) system and kinetic analysis of conjugation enzymes. Six amphibian species were exposed to pyrene (dissolved in water): African claw frog (Xenopus laevis); Tago's brown frog (Rana tagoi); Montane brown frog (Rana orn ... | 2011 | 21819814 |
| light and electron microscopic study of adenosine triphosphatase activity of anuran tadpole musculature. | the histochemical activities of succinic dehydrogenase (sdh) and ca++-activated atpase (phs 7.4 and 9.4) were studied in the larval tail musculature of rana japonica, rana catesbeiana and rana ornativentris. the atpase reaction product was detected by both light and electron microscopy. 'red' and 'white' muscle fibres, as distinguished by sdh, showed high and low ca++-atpase reaction, respectively, at phs 7.4, 9.4 and following preincubation in cold k2-edta solution. the ultrastructural investig ... | 1978 | 26641 |
| embryonic epidermal lectins in three amphibian species, rana ornativentris, bufo japonicus formosus, and cynops pyrrhogaster. | intelectins (itlns) are secretory lectins found in several chordate species that recognize carbohydrates on the bacterial cell surface depending on ca2+ . in newly hatched larvae of rana ornativentris (r. orn), bufo japonicus formosus (b. jpn), and cynops pyrrhogaster (c. pyr), an anti-itln monoclonal antibody (mab) labeled a subset of epidermal cells in whole-mount immunocytochemical assays. in western blot analyses, the mab identified protein bands at approximately 33-37 kda in the larval extr ... | 2020 | 32729712 |
| evaluating the ontogenetic external morphology of an ectoparasitic torix tukubana (hirudinida: glossiphoniidae), with records of its new host amphibian species. | torix is a leech genus containing freshwater proboscidate species, and several members of this taxon are ectoparasites specific to amphibians. torix tukubana inhabits mountain streams in japan, and only two frog species are known to be hosts. we collected this leech from two other amphibians, onychodactylus japonicus (japanese clawed salamander) and rana ornativentris (montane brown frog), for the first time. this finding suggests that the host specificity of t. tukubana is low. the immature ind ... | 2019 | 30426225 |
| an application of pcr-rflp species identification assay for environmental dna detection. | recent advancement of environmental dna (edna) methods for surveying species in aquatic ecosystems has been used for various organisms and contributed to monitoring and conservation of species and environments. amphibians are one of the promising taxa which could be monitored efficiently by applying quantitative pcr (qpcr) or next generation sequencing to edna. however, the cost of edna detection using these approaches can be quite high and requires instruments that are not usually installed in ... | 2019 | 31592172 |
| expression changes of mhc and other immune genes in frog skin during ontogeny. | anuran amphibians undergo major physiological and immunological changes following metamorphosis. genes of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) code for receptors important for vertebrate adaptive immunity. we used qpcr to measure skin mhc expression in six different ontological stages of ranaornativentris (n = 10 per stage); normalized mhc class i and ii expression at the mrna level was significantly higher in stage 28 (mid-larval) compared to stages 24/25 (early-larval) tadpoles. subseque ... | 2020 | 31935873 |
| the erythrophore in the larval and adult dorsal skin of the brown frog, rana ornativentris: its differentiation, migration, and pigmentary organelle formation. | to determine whether or not the erythrophore originates from xanthophores in the dorsal skin of the brown frog, rana ornativentris, we morphologically examined the differentiation and migration of the two chromatophore types and their pigmentary organelle formation. at an early tadpole stage, three kinds of chromatophores, xanthophores, iridophores, and melanophores, appeared in the subdermis, whereas the erythrophore did so just before the foreleg protrusion stage. by the middle of metamorphosi ... | 1998 | 9870546 |
| differential expression of genes encoding preprobrevinin-2, prepropalustrin-2, and preproranatuerin-2 in developing larvae and adult tissues of the mountain brown frog rana ornativentris. | previous studies led to the isolation of antimicrobial peptides (amps) of the brevinin-2, palustrin-2, and ranatuerin-2 families from skin extracts and/or skin secretions of the japanese mountain brown frog, rana ornativentris. in the present study, we cloned cdnas encoding the precursors of brevinin-2oc, palustrin-2oa, and ranatuerin-2ob and -2oe from skin total rna preparations from adult r. ornativentris and established a semi-quantitative rt-pcr system to measure the concentrations of these ... | 2010 | 19755171 |
| characterisation of major histocompatibility complex class i genes in japanese ranidae frogs. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a key component of adaptive immunity in all jawed vertebrates, and understanding the evolutionary mechanisms that have shaped these genes in amphibians, one of the earliest terrestrial tetrapods, is important. we characterised mhc class i variation in three common japanese rana species (rana japonica, rana ornativentris and rana tagoi tagoi) and identified a total of 60 variants from 21 individuals. we also found evolutionary signatures of gene dupli ... | 2016 | 27418258 |
| transcriptome analyses of immune tissues from three japanese frogs (genus rana ) reveals their utility in characterizing major histocompatibility complex class ii. | in japan and east asia, endemic frogs appear to be tolerant or not susceptible to chytridiomycosis, a deadly amphibian disease caused by the chytrid fungus batrachochytridium dendrobatidis (bd). japanese frogs may have evolved mechanisms of immune resistance to pathogens such as bd. this study characterizes immune genes expressed in various tissues of healthy japanese rana frogs. | 2017 | 29281968 |
| pseudoacanthocephalus toshimai sp. nov. (palaeacanthocephala: echinorhynchidae), a common acanthocephalan of anuran and urodelan amphibians in hokkaido, japan, with a finding of its intermediate host. | the ezo brown frog (rana pirica) and the ezo salamander (hynobius retardatus) are endemic species of hokkaido, the northernmost island of japan. intestinal adult acanthocephalans are common in these amphibians. a molecular identification based on nuclear and mitochondrial dna markers demonstrated that the parasites from the anuran and the urodelan are the same species. in the neighboring honshu island, another acanthocephalan from ranid frogs (e.g. rana japonica and rana ornativentris) has been ... | 2016 | 27067227 |
| comprehensive primer design for analysis of population genetics in non-sequenced organisms. | nuclear sequence markers are useful tool for the study of the history of populations and adaptation. however, it is not easy to obtain multiple nuclear primers for organisms with poor or no genomic sequence information. here we used the genomes of organisms that have been fully sequenced to design comprehensive sets of primers to amplify polymorphic genomic fragments of multiple nuclear genes in non-sequenced organisms. first, we identified a large number of candidate polymorphic regions that we ... | 2012 | 22393396 |
| antimicrobial peptides from the skin of the japanese mountain brown frog rana ornativentris: evidence for polymorphism among preprotemporin mrnas. | a previous study led to the isolation of antimicrobial peptides belonging to the temporin and brevinin-2 families from a pooled extract of the skin of adult specimens of the japanese mountain brown frog rana ornativentris werner 1903. in order to ascertain whether individual frogs expressed the full complement of temporin genes, we individually cloned cdnas encoding the temporin precursors from total rna extracted from the skins of 12 frogs by rt-pcr using a set of preprotemporin-specific primer ... | 2007 | 17147973 |
| congener-specific analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in frogs and their habitats, kitakyushu, japan. | the occurrence and fates of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (coplanar pcbs) were investigated in two species of frog, mountain brown frog (rana ornativentris) and japanese brown frog (rana japonica), and in soil samples. this study was carried out as part of an investigation aimed at determining the cause of extra forelimbs in the mountain brown frog. frogs, not including malformed ones, and soil samples wer ... | 2002 | 11804046 |