| insecticide drift deposition on noncrop plant surfaces and its impact on two beneficial nontarget arthropods, aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera, braconidae) and coccinella septempunctata l. (coleoptera, coccinellidae). | drift of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin into field margins bordering wheat and its effect on nontarget arthropods was investigated under field conditions. insecticide deposition on leaf surfaces of broad beans exposed within field margins at 1-, 2-, and 3-m distance from the field edge and directly within the crop was quantified using a fluorescent tracer. the toxicity of leaf deposits to the aphid parasitoid aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera: braconidae) and to larvae of the ... | 2005 | 16152978 |
| strong parasitoid-mediated selection in experimental populations of aphids. | clonal diversity in asexual populations may be maintained if different clones are favoured under different environmental conditions. for aphids, parasitoids are an important variable of the biotic environment. to test whether parasitoids can mediate selection among host clones, we used experimental populations consisting of 10 clones of the peach-potato aphid, myzus persicae, and allowed them to evolve for several generations either without parasitoids or in the presence of two species of parasi ... | 2007 | 17785263 |
| distinct roles of jasmonates and aldehydes in plant-defense responses. | many inducible plant-defense responses are activated by jasmonates (jas), c(6)-aldehydes, and their corresponding derivatives, produced by the two main competing branches of the oxylipin pathway, the allene oxide synthase (aos) and hydroperoxide lyase (hpl) branches, respectively. in addition to competition for substrates, these branch-pathway-derived metabolites have substantial overlap in regulation of gene expression. past experiments to define the role of c(6)-aldehydes in plant defense resp ... | 2008 | 18382679 |
| [development and parasitism of lysiphlebus testaceipes (cresson) and aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera: braconidae) on aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae) on two chrysanthemum cultivars]. | the parasitoids lysiphlebus testaceipes (cresson) and aphidius colemani viereck play an important role on the regulation of aphid populations on chrysanthemum grown in greenhouses. this study evaluated the interaction of biological control and plant resistance by the development and the parasitism of l. testaceipes and a. colemani on aphis gossypii glover. the aphid host was kept on commercial cultivars of chrysanthemum susceptible yellow snowdon (ys) and resistant white reagan (wr). the experim ... | 2006 | 18575697 |
| genetic variation and covariation of susceptibility to parasitoids in the aphid myzus persicae: no evidence for trade-offs. | parasitoids are an important mortality factor for insects. susceptibility to parasitoids should thus be under strong negative selection. nevertheless, ample genetic variation for susceptibility to parasitoids is commonly observed in natural populations, suggesting that trade-offs may constrain the evolution of reduced susceptibility. this can be studied by assessing genetic variation for susceptibility and its covariation with other components of fitness. in a set of 17 clones of the peach potat ... | 2008 | 18270153 |
| toxicity and sublethal effects of an insecticidal soap on aphidius colemani (hymenoptera: braconidae). | the effects of an insecticidal soap on the survival, fitness and behaviour of an aphid parasitoid wasp, aphidius colemani (viereck), were studied in the laboratory. the lc(50) (soap concentration causing 50% mortality 24 h after treatment) was determined. the survival of parasitoid larvae (% adult emergence), fitness (tibia length of adults) and number of eggs produced per female parasitoid that survived in third- and fourth-instar aphids treated with insecticidal soap lc(50) were also assessed. ... | 2008 | 18172884 |
| [fertility life table of aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera: braconidae, aphidiinae) on aphis gossypii glover (hemiptera: aphididae)]. | the intrinsic rate of increase of a parasitoid related to its hosts play an important role in biological control programs. in this work, fertility of the parasitoid aphidius colemani viereck was evaluated on aphis gossypii glover by means of a fertility life table. to determine the immature mortality, the development time and the sex ratio, 12 mated females of a. colemani (24h old), and 240 nymphs of a. gossypii (3 days old) were used. to evaluate fertility 15 mated females (24h old) were used. ... | 2007 | 17934617 |
| proteomic profiling of a parasitic wasp exposed to constant and fluctuating cold exposure. | when insects are exposed to fluctuating thermal regimes (ftrs) (i.e., cold exposure alternating with periodic short pulses to high temperature), in contrast to constant low temperature (clt), mortality due to accumulation of chill injuries is markedly reduced. to investigate the physiological processes behind the positive impact of ftr, based on a holistic approach, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) analysis were performed with the parasitic wasp aphidius colemani. parasitoid proteomes reve ... | 2007 | 17916504 |
| [development of aphidius colemani viereck (hym.: braconidae, aphidiinae) and alterations caused by the parasitism in the host aphis gossypii glover (hem.: aphididae) in different temperatures]. | aphidius colemani viereck is among the main natural enemies used for biological control of aphis gossypii glover. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the development of a. colemani and the alterations caused by the parasitism in the host a. gossypii in different temperatures and to estimate the thermal requirements of the parasitoid. the experiments were carried out in controlled environmental chambers at 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 +/- 1 degrees c, 70 +/- 10% rh, and 12h photophase ... | 2007 | 17710327 |
| temperature influences the handling efficiency of an aphid parasitoid through body size-mediated effects. | it is well known that increasing the ambient temperature increases the metabolic rate and consequently, the foraging rate of most insects. however, temperature experienced during the immature stages of insects affects their adult size (an inverse relationship). because body size is generally correlated to foraging success, we hypothesized that temperature indirectly influences the foraging efficiency of adult insects through developmental effects. we first investigated the role of parasitoid: ho ... | 2011 | 22251653 |
| effect of temperature on life history of aphidius colemani and aphidius matricariae (hymenoptera: braconidae), two parasitoids of aphis gossypii and myzus persicae (homoptera: aphididae). | the performance of two aphid parasitoids, aphidius colemani viereck and aphidius matricariae (haliday), against aphis gossypii glover on greenhouse cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and myzus persicae (sulzer) on sweet pepper (capsicum annuum l.) were evaluated at various constant temperatures. biological parameters of both parasitoids including developmental time, pupal survivorship, percentage of parasitism, and sex ratio of the progeny were studied at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees c. at 2 ... | 2007 | 17445360 |
| does fluctuating thermal regime trigger free amino acid production in the parasitic wasp aphidius colemani (hymenoptera: aphidiinae)? | when stressful cold-exposure is interrupted by short warm intervals, physiological recovery is possible, and this improves markedly the survival of insects. fluctuating thermal regime (ftr) may act as a cue triggering the initiation of a metabolic response involving synthesis of cryoprotective compounds, such as free amino acids (faa). since specific changes in faa levels can provide a good indication of the overall response of an organism to stressful conditions, we investigated temporal change ... | 2007 | 17347005 |
| manipulation of parasitoid size using the temperature-size rule: fitness consequences. | the phenotypic effects of rearing temperature on several fitness components of the koinobiont parasitoid, aphidius colemani, were examined. temperatures experienced during development induced a plastic linear response in the dry and fat masses of the immature stage and a non-linear response in the growth rate as well as in the size of adults. we investigated if the phenotypic morphometrical plasticity exhibited by parasitoids reared at different temperatures can induce variations in fitness-rela ... | 2007 | 17345103 |
| efficacy assessment of aphidius colemani (hymenoptera: braconidae) for suppression of aphis gossypii (homoptera: aphididae) in greenhouse-grown chrysanthemum. | to assess biological control as a management tool for the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii glover (homoptera: aphididae), the efficacy of aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera: braconidae) for suppression of a. gossypii in greenhouse-grown chrysanthemums, dendranthema grandiflora (tzvelev), was compared with a pesticide standard, imidacloprid (marathon 1% g) and an untreated check. no significant differences were found between aphid populations in the two treatments. a. colemani and imidacloprid ke ... | 2006 | 16937661 |
| impact of the entomopathogenic fungus verticillium lecanii on development of an aphid parasitoid, aphidius colemani. | the parasitoid aphidius colemani developed normally (approximately 90% adult emergence) when its cotton aphid (aphis gossypii) host was treated with verticillum lecanii conidia 5 or 7 days after parasitization. fungus exposure 1 day before or up to 3 days after parasitization, however, reduced a. colemani emergence from 0 to 10%. also, numbers of spores and mycelial fragments in aphid homogenates were much higher in aphids exposed to the fungus up to 3 days after parasitization than in aphids tr ... | 2005 | 15955345 |
| effects of a chenopodium-based botanical insecticide/acaricide on orius insidiosus (hemiptera: anthocoridae) and aphidius colemani (hymenoptera: braconidae). | uda-245 is a chenopodium-based natural insecticide. forty-eight hours after treatment with this compound, orius insidiosus (say) and aphidius colemani viereck showed slight contact toxicity at 5 g ai liter(-1). there was no residual toxicity to a colemani. these two beneficials are currently used in commercial flower and vegetable greenhouses for the management of thrips, spider mites, aphids and small caterpillars. in contrast, abamectin and insecticidal soap were toxic by contact to both speci ... | 2005 | 15880647 |
| the contact toxicity of indoxacarb and five other insecticides to orius insidiosus (hemiptera: anthocoridae) and aphidius colemani (hymenoptera: braconidae), beneficials used in the greenhouse industry. | the contact toxicity of indoxacarb, abamectin, endosulfan, insecticide soap, s-kinoprene and dimethoate to orius insidiosus (say) and aphidius colemani viereck were studied in the laboratory. these beneficials are often used in the greenhouses to manage various insect pests. indoxacarb is slow acting and therefore, to estimate lethal dosages, observations should be continued for several days until data stabilize. seven days after treatment, the lc50 was 0.119 g ai litre(-1) for o insidiosus adul ... | 2004 | 15578604 |
| quality assessment of selected commercially available whitefly and aphid biological control agents in the united states. | this study assessed the quality of three commercially available natural enemies used for pest management in greenhouses: the whitefly parasitoid encarsia formosa gahan (hymenoptera: aphelinidae), the aphid parasitoid aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera: braconidae), and the aphid predatory midge aphidoletes aphidimlyza (rondani) (diptera: cecidomyiidae). shipment packaging was consistent for all natural enemies. however, there was high variability in delivery punctuality, product cost, and pr ... | 2004 | 15279253 |
| effectiveness of predators and parasitoids for the natural control of diuraphis noxia (homoptera: aphididae) on barley in central ethiopia. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdj.), is a serious threat for the production of barley, hordeum vulgare l., in ethiopia. the pest can cause up to 100% yield losses in years of heavy infestation. natural control of d. noxia by using predators and parasitoids might be the best alternative both from economical and ecological point of view. in this regard, a field investigation was conducted during the 2001 spring cropping season at fitche, central ethiopia to determine abundance of d. ... | 2003 | 15149108 |
| association of mace-based insecticide resistance in myzus persicae with reproductive rate, response to alarm pheromone and vulnerability to attack by aphidius colemani. | reproductive success and response to alarm pheromone, both potentially important components of fitness, were assessed using clones of myzus persicae (sulzer) to establish associations with insecticide resistance conferred by insensitive modified acetylcholinesterase (mace). both traits showed significant trends that were apparently related to this mechanism. mace forms appeared to reproduce at slower rates than non-mace forms expressing moderate (r1) levels of another resistance mechanism based ... | 2003 | 14620042 |
| sex ratio in the aphid parasitoid aphidius colemani (hymenoptera: braconidae) in relation to host size. | | 2003 | 12762867 |
| consumption of snowdrop lectin (galanthus nivalisagglutinin) causes direct effects on adult parasitic wasps. | honeydew is a common sugar-rich excretion of aphids and other phloem-feeding insects and represents the primary sugar in many agricultural systems. when honeydew-producing insects feed on genetically modified plants, the honeydew can contain amounts of the transgene product. here we address whether this route of exposure poses a risk for non-target insects. three species of parasitic wasps were selected: i.e. aphidius colemani, trichogramma brassicae and cotesia glomerata, all of which are known ... | 2003 | 12647125 |
| effect of cabbage cultivars with varying levels of resistance to aphids on the performance of the parasitoid, aphidius colemani (hymenoptera: braconidae). | the effect of aphid resistance in plant cultivars on parasitism of myzus persicae (sulzer) and brevicoryne brassicae (linnaeus) by aphidius colemani viereck was investigated under laboratory conditions using three cultivars of common cabbage, brassica oleracea var. capitata. significantly greater aphid populations were found on cv. derby day (green-leaved, susceptible to both aphid species), regardless of the presence or absence of parasitoids, compared with cv. minicole (green-leaved, partially ... | 2002 | 12020362 |
| a strain of the bacterial symbiont regiella insecticola protects aphids against parasitoids. | aphids commonly harbour facultative bacterial endosymbionts and may benefit from their presence through increased resistance to parasitoids. this has been demonstrated for hamiltonella defensa and serratia symbiotica, while a third common endosymbiont, regiella insecticola, did not provide such protection. however, this symbiont was recently detected in a highly resistant clone of the peach-potato aphid, myzus persicae, from australia. to test if resistance was indeed conferred by the endosymbio ... | 2010 | 19776066 |
| regulation of wing formation and adult development in an aphid host, aphis fabae, by the parasitoid aphidius colemani. | nymphs of presumptive winged gynoparae of aphis fabae (hemiptera: aphididae), were exposed to female parasitoids, aphidius colemani (hymenoptera: aphidiidae) and stung once with the ovipositor. wing development was inhibited and, when aphids were parasitised during the early stages, they did not reach the adult stage but mummies with rudimentary or no wingbuds are observed in the host's fourth-stadium. these and previous studies have suggested that wing development may be inhibited by factor(s) ... | 2010 | 19712678 |
| regional tritrophic relationship patterns of five aphid parasitoid species (hymenoptera: braconidae: aphidiinae) in agroecosystem-dominated landscapes of southeastern europe. | a regional survey of the complex tritrophic associations (parasitoid-aphid-plant) of aphid parasitoids (hymenoptera: braconidae: aphidiinae) was carried out to determine and explore the patterns of those associations in various types of environments. here, we present trophic relationship patterns of the five aphid parasitoid species in crop and noncrop habitats in southeastern europe, and we contrast them in a regional (mediterranean [med] versus continental [cnt]) context. in total, 79 aphid ho ... | 2009 | 19610396 |
| chemical alternatives to malathion for controlling ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae), and their side effects on natural enemies in spanish citrus orchards. | the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) (diptera: tephritidae), is one of the most important fruit pests worldwide. mediterranean fruit fly control in spain has been based on organophosphate sprays, especially malathion, mixed with protein baits. however, this insecticide has recently been excluded from annex 1 of the directive 91/414 cee, which lists authorized active ingredients for pest control in the european union. this article reports on the efficacy of four alternative ... | 2009 | 19253630 |
| effect of ant attendance by monomorium minimum (buckley) (hymenoptera: formicidae) on predation and parasitism of the soybean aphid aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae). | ant attendance is known to affect the population dynamics of aphids and may increase or decrease aphid populations through stimulation, predation, or protection. in this study, we performed a series of laboratory experiments to examine the effects of ant attendance on populations of the soybean aphid aphis glycines. aphid colonies were exposed to the predators harmonia axyridis (coccinellidae) and orius insidiosus (anthocoridae) and a parasitoid aphidius colemani (aphidiidae) in the presence and ... | 2008 | 19036205 |
| testing competing measures of profitability for mobile resources. | optimal diet theory often fails to predict a forager's diet choice when prey are mobile. because they escape or defend themselves, mobile prey are likely to increase the forager's handling time, thereby decreasing its fitness gain rate. many animals have been shown to select their prey so as to maximize either their fitness gain or their fitness gain rate. however, no study has yet compared directly these two measures of profitability by generating testable predictions about the choice of the fo ... | 2009 | 18941790 |
| efficacy of five selected acaricides against tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) and their side effects on relevant natural enemies occurring in citrus orchards. | three groups of natural enemies are fundamental in citrus ipm in spain: coccinellid and phytoseiid predators and hymenopteran parasitoids. tetranychus urticae koch is an important pest affecting citrus, for which biological control has not yet been achieved; therefore, acaricides are commonly used to control it. the goal of this study was to measure the efficacy of different acaricides on this mite and their side effects on three natural enemies relevant for citrus (cryptolaemus montrouzieri mul ... | 2008 | 18383196 |
| parasitized aphids are inferior prey for a coccinellid predator: implications for intraguild predation. | discussions of intraguild predation (igp) have assumed that the nutritional quality of intraguild (ig) prey is similar to that of any other prey available to the ig predator. it has been suggested therefore that generalist predators do not distinguish between healthy and parasitized aphids and thus function as facultative predators of parasitoids. more recent studies have shown that predators may selectively ingest prey of various nutritional qualities and that predators may have higher body nit ... | 2009 | 19791609 |
| male reproductive potential of aphidius colemani (hymenoptera: aphidiinae) exposed to constant or fluctuating thermal regimens. | prolonged exposure to low temperature generally induces deleterious effects on survival and reproduction of insects. reproduction costs are well documented in cold-exposed female parasitoids, but there is little information concerning males. in some species, low temperature is suspected to cause male sterility. mummies of the aphid parasitoid aphidius colemani viereck (hymenoptera: aphidiinae) were exposed to either fluctuating thermal regimens (ftr: 4 degrees c, 22 h; 20 degrees c, 2 h) or cons ... | 2009 | 19791620 |
| collective defense of aphis nerii and uroleucon hypochoeridis (homoptera, aphididae) against natural enemies. | the prevalent way aphids accomplish colony defense against natural enemies is a mutualistic relationship with ants or the occurrence of a specialised soldier caste typical for eusocial aphids, or even both. despite a group-living life style of those aphid species lacking these defense lines, communal defense against natural predators has not yet been observed there. individuals of aphis nerii (oleander aphid) and uroleucon hypochoeridis, an aphid species feeding on hypochoeris radicata (hairy ca ... | 2010 | 20454683 |
| survival of three commercially available natural enemies exposed to michigan wildflowers. | flowering plants are often used in habitat management programs to conserve the arthropod natural enemies of insect pests. in this study, nine species of flowering plants representing six families commonly found in north america east of the rocky mountains were evaluated based on how much they extended the lifespans of three commercially available natural enemy species in cages with cut flower stems compared with cages containing water only. the natural enemies used in the experiments were a lady ... | 2011 | 22251728 |